Shenzhen City 深圳市
Shenzhen reflection showing Shun Hing Square in center
Location of Shenzhen within Guangdong in China
Shenzhen City Location in China
Coordinates: 22°33′N 114°06′E / 22.55, 114.1
Country	People's Republic of China
County-level divisions	6
SEZ formed	May 1, 1980
Area
- Sub-provincial city	2,020 km² (780 sq mi)
- Urban	395. Shun Hing Square (Chinese 信兴广场/地王大厦 is a 384m (1260 ft tall Skyscraper in Shenzhen, China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted A Special Economic Zone ( SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 81 km² (152. 8 sq mi)
Elevation	25 m (82 ft)
Population (2007(est))
- Sub-provincial city	12,000,000
- Density	5,940. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/km² (15,386. 1/sq mi)
- Urban	4,000,000
- Urban Density	10,105. 9/km² (26,174. 1/sq mi)
- Major nationalities	Han
Time zone	China Standard Time (UTC+8)
Area code(s)	755
License plate prefixes	粤B
Website: http://english.sz.gov.cn/

Shenzhen is a city of sub-provincial administrative status in southern China's Guangdong province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. China standard time or Beijing time is the Time zone observed in the People's Republic of China ( PRC) UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The People's Republic of China issues vehicles Licence plates at its Vehicle Management Offices under the administration of the Ministry of Public Security Jyutping (sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a Romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Owing to China's economic liberalization from the policies of reformist leader Deng Xiaoping, the area became China's first - and ultimately most successful - Special Economic Zone. Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer A Special Economic Zone ( SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws

Shenzhen's novel and modern cityscape is the result of the vibrant economy made possible by rapid foreign investment since the late 1970s, when it was but a small fishing village. Foreign direct investment ( FDI) in its classic definition is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country Since then, foreign nationals have invested more than US$30 billion for building factories and forming joint ventures. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been A joint venture (often abbreviated JV) is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together It is now reputedly one of the fastest growing cities in the world. ^[1] Being southern China'a major financial centre, Shenzhen is home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous high-tech companies. Shenzhen Stock Exchange ( is one of the People's Republic of China 's three Stock exchanges alongside the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen is also the second busiest port in mainland China, ranking only after Shanghai. This is a list of the world's busiest container Seaports, total mass of actual TEU (in thousands transported through the port Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction The Port of Shanghai, located in the vicinity of Shanghai, comprises a deep-sea port and a river port

History

The one-time fishing village of Shenzhen, singled out by late Chinese paramount leader Deng Xiaoping, to be the first of the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in China. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Paramount Leader ( literally "the highest leader of the country" in modern Chinese Political science, unofficially refers to the political leader of the Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China are Special Economic Zones (SEZs located in Mainland China. It was originally established in 1979 due to its proximity to Hong Kong, then a prosperous British colony. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. The SEZ was created to be an experimental ground of capitalism in "socialism with Chinese characteristics". Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where This article is about the term itself and its relationships For its implementation and effects see Economy of the People's Republic of China and Chinese economic

The location was chosen to attract industrial investments from Hong Kong since the two places are near each other and share the same culture. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic The concept proved successful, propelling the further opening up of China and continuous economic reform. Shenzhen eventually became one of the largest cities in the Pearl River Delta region, which has become one of the economic powerhouses of China as well as the largest manufacturing base in the world. The Pearl River Delta Region (PRD ( in southern China occupies the low-lying areas alongside the Pearl River Estuary

Shenzhen, formerly known as Bao'an County (宝安县), was promoted to prefecture level, directly governed by Guangdong province, in November 1979. For subsequent types of praefectura, see Prefect. Prefecture (from the Latin Praefectura) indicates the office Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the In May 1980, Shenzhen was formally nominated as a "special economic zone", the first one of its kind in China. It was given the right of provincial-level economic administration in November 1988.

Shenzhen is the earliest of the five special economic zones in China. Deng Xiaoping is usually credited with the opening up of economic revival in China, often epitomized with the city of Shenzhen, which profited the most from the first legacies of Deng.

Geography

The boomtown of Shenzhen is located in the Pearl River Delta. The Pearl River Delta Region (PRD ( in southern China occupies the low-lying areas alongside the Pearl River Estuary The municipality covers an area of 2,020 km² (780 sq. miles) including urban and rural areas, with a nighttime population (not including commuters) of 8,277,500, at the end of 2005. Among those, 1,819,300 had legal residence. Shenzhen is a sub-tropical maritime region, with frequent tropical cyclones in summer and early autumn, with an average temperature of 22. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding 4°C year-round (72°F) although daytime temperatures can exceed 35°C.

Shenzhen was originally a mountainous area, with fertile agrarian land. However, after the introduction of special economic zone in 1979, Shenzhen underwent tremendous change in landscape. The once hilly fishing village is now replaced by mostly flat ground in downtown area, with only Lian Hua hill (Lotus Hill), Bi Jia Hill (Mount Bi Jia) and Mount WuTong the only three places that have some kind of elevation viewed from satellites. With the influx of emigrants from inland China, Shenzhen is experiencing a second stage boom, and it is now expanding peripherally and the hills in surrounding areas such as Mission Hills are now being toppled over to make land for more development.

Shenzhen is located on the border with the Hong Kong SAR across the Sham Chun River and Sha Tau Kok River, 100 km southeast of the provincial capital of Guangzhou, and 60 km south of the industrial city of Dongguan. A special administrative region or SAR may be;People's Republic of China Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, present-day Sham Chun River (also called Shenzhen River or Shenzhen He) serves as the natural border between Hong Kong and Mainland China, together The Sha Tau Kok River ( Chinese: 沙頭角河 Hanyu Pinyin: Shātóujiǎo Hé along with Sham Chun River, serves as the natural border between Hong Kong Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dongguan administers 3 county-level divisions, all of which are districts. To the southwest, the resort city of Zhuhai is a 60 km away. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Zhuhai administers 3 county-level divisions, all of which are districts Xiangzhou

Administrative divisions

Shenzhen is a sub-provincial city. A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city It has direct jurisdiction over six districts. The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China.

The Special Economic Zone comprises Luohu, Futian, Nanshan, and Yantian but not Bao'an and Longgang. A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use This article is about an area in Shenzhen For the district in Hong Kong with the same Chinese name please see Lo Wu. Futian District ( is one of six districts in the city of Shenzhen. see Nan Shan for the mountain range Nanshan District ( Simplified Chinese: 南山区 Traditional Chinese: 南山區 Yantian District ( Chinese: 盐田区 Pinyin: Yántián Qū is one of the 6 districts of the Shenzhen City in Guangdong province Bao'an County was the predecessor of the modern city of Shenzhen, Guangdong China Longgang ( Traditional: 龍崗 Simplified: 龙岗区 District is one of the six districts of the Shenzhen Sub-provincial city, in This article is about an area in Shenzhen For the district in Hong Kong with the same Chinese name please see Lo Wu. Bao'an County was the predecessor of the modern city of Shenzhen, Guangdong China see Nan Shan for the mountain range Nanshan District ( Simplified Chinese: 南山区 Traditional Chinese: 南山區 Yantian District ( Chinese: 盐田区 Pinyin: Yántián Qū is one of the 6 districts of the Shenzhen City in Guangdong province Futian District ( is one of six districts in the city of Shenzhen. Longgang ( Traditional: 龍崗 Simplified: 龙岗区 District is one of the six districts of the Shenzhen Sub-provincial city, in Longgang ( Traditional: 龍崗 Simplified: 龙岗区 District is one of the six districts of the Shenzhen Sub-provincial city, in

Located in the centre of the SEZ and adjacent to Hong Kong, Luohu is the financial and trading centre. It covers an area of 78. 89 km². Futian, where the Municipal Government is situated, is at the heart of the SEZ and covers an area of 78. 04 km². Covering an area of 164. 29 km², Nanshan is the centre for high-tech industries and it is situated in the west of the SEZ. Outside the SEZ, Bao'an (712. 92 km²) and Longgang (844. 07 km²) are located to the north-west and north-east of Shenzhen respectively. Yantian (75. 68 km²) is known for logistics. Logistics is the management of the flow of Goods, Information and other resources including Energy and people between the point of origin and the point Yantian Port is the second largest deepwater container terminal in China and 4th largest in the world. A container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles for onward transportation

Demographics

Shenzhen has seen its population and activity develop rapidly since the establishment of the SEZ. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Its official population listed at around nine million (including floating residents), Shenzhen has been the fastest growing city in China for the past 30 years. However, many people think there are far more residents, mostly because they are commuters from Dongguan. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dongguan administers 3 county-level divisions, all of which are districts. One problem with such rampant population growth is the accompanied problem of people without hukou, or residency permits (with 70% of that number being residents without a permanent hukou), most "old" Shenzhen locals felt that the practice of opening the city to inland residents is making it less competitive with other Chinese cities. Among the reasons for this development is the cost of labour, which is substantially lower than in neighbouring Hong Kong.

There had been migration into southern Guangdong and what is now Shenzhen since the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) but the numbers increased dramatically since Shenzhen was established in the 1980s. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. In Guangdong, it is the only city where Mandarin is mostly spoken, with migrants from all over China. Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan At present, the average age in Shenzhen is less than 30. Among the total, 8. 49 percent are between the age of 0 and 14, 88. 41 percent between the age of 15 and 59, one-fifth between 20 and 24 and 1. 22 percent are aged 65 or above.

A diagram is needed in this article

The population structure polarizes into two opposing extremes: intellectuals with a high level of education, and migrant workers with poor education. ^[2] It was reported in June 2007 that over 20 percent of China's PhD's worked in Shenzhen. ^[3]

According to the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, in 2002, 7,200 Hong Kong residents commuted daily to Shenzhen for work, and 2,200 students from Shenzhen commuted to school in Hong Kong. Though neighbouring each other, daily commuters still need to pass through customs and immigration checkpoints, as travel between the SEZ and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) is restricted. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term A special administrative region or SAR may be;People's Republic of China Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, present-day

In late July 2003, China relaxed travel restrictions to allow individuals from the southern cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen, as well as Beijing and Shanghai, to visit Hong Kong. Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Previously, mainland travelers could only visit the city as part of tour groups. Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction (See Individual Visit Scheme. The Individual Visit Scheme began on July 28, 2003. It allowed travelers from Mainland China to visit Hong Kong and Macau on an )

Immigration into Shenzhen from the Chinese interior is heavily restricted by the hukou system. One consequence is that just outside of Shenzhen there are large towns consisting of a large number of migrants from the Chinese interior who attempt to enter the city.

Climate

Shenzhen is situated in the subtropical part of China, located at about the Tropic of Cancer. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of For the novel by Henry Miller, see Tropic of Cancer (novel. The Tropic of Cancer, or Northern tropic, is one of five The weather is generally pleasant in Shenzhen, temperate and mild in the autumn; winters are mild as the South China Sea buffers its climate, so cold snaps are not common. The South China Sea is a Marginal sea south of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from Singapore to the In the spring Shenzhen is relatively dry, and then it has a hot and wet summer, occasionally hit by typhoons from the east, but the temperature rarely reaches over 35 degrees Celsius.

Economy

In 2001, the working population reached 3. 3 million. Though the secondary sector of industry had the largest share (1. 85 million in 2001, increased by 5. 5%), the tertiary sector of industry is growing fast (1. 44 million in 2001, increased by 11. 6%). Shenzhen's GDP totaled CNY 676. 54 billion in 2007, up by 14. 7 percent over the previous year. Its economy grew by 16. 3 percent yearly from 2001 to 2005 on average. The proportion of the three industries to the aggregate of GDP was 0. 3:51. 6:48. 1 in 2004 and 0. 2:52. 4:47. 4 in 2005. The proportion of the tertiary industry to GDP was down by 0. 7 percent. ^[4] Shenzhen is in the top ranks among mainland Chinese cities in terms of comprehensive economic power. It ranked fourth in GDP among mainland Chinese cities in 2001, while it ranked the top in GDP per capita during the same period. Its import and export volumes have been first for the last nine consecutive years. It is the second in terms of industrial output. For five consecutive years, its internal revenue within local budget ranks third. It also ranks third in the use of foreign capital. ^[5]

Shenzhen is a major manufacturing centre in China. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale In the 1990s, Shenzhen was described as, "one highrise a day and one boulevard every three days". The Shenzhen skyline has 13 buildings at over 200 metres tall, including the Shun Hing Square (the 9th tallest building in the world). Shun Hing Square (Chinese 信兴广场/地王大厦 is a 384m (1260 ft tall Skyscraper in Shenzhen, China. ^[6]

Shenzhen is home to some of China's most successful high-tech companies, such as Huawei, Tencent and ZTE. Huawei Technologies Co Ltd ( in Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China is the largest networking and telecommunications equipment supplier Tencent Holdings Limited ( is the largest and most used Internet service portal company in the People's Republic of China. ZTE (Chinese：中兴通讯 ( Z hong Xing T elecommunication E quipment Company Limited is a global provider of telecommunications equipment and network A number of foreign IT companies also have facilities in the city. Foxconn has a manufacturing plant based in Shenzhen which makes most of the iPods, iPhones and notebooks for Apple, Inc. Foxconn (富士康 is the Trade name of the Taiwan based firm Hon Hai Precision Industry Co iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Lenovo, the Chinese conglomerate that bought the personal computing division of IBM in 2005, manufactures its line of ThinkPad notebook computers in Shenzhen. Lenovo Group Limited (,) is China's largest and the world's fourth largest Personal computer manufacturer after Hewlett-Packard and Dell of the U International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology IBM has a joint venture in Shenzhen manufacturing server products. Many of these foreign high-tech companies have their operations in the Science and Technology park in Nanshan District or outside the core districts where labor and land are much cheaper. In the financial sector, China Merchants' Bank, one of the largest banks in China, has its headquarters in Shenzhen. Shenzhen City Commercial Bank and Ping An Insurance are also based in the city. Shenzhen City Commercial Bank ( is a Commercial bank based in Shenzhen in the People's Republic of China. Ping An ( full name Ping An Insurance (Group Company of China Ltd

In 2006, the GDP reached a record high of 568. 4 billion yuan, an increase of 15% over 2005. Shenzhen's economic output is ranked seventh among the 659 Chinese cities, and it is comparable to that of a medium sized province in China. In 2006, Shenzhen's GDP per capita was 69,450 yuan, ranking seventh among the 659 Chinese cities.

Shenzhen Stock Exchange

The Shenzhen Stock Exchange (the SZSE) is a mutualized national stock exchange under the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the CSRC) that provides a venue for securities trading. Shenzhen Stock Exchange ( is one of the People's Republic of China 's three Stock exchanges alongside the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a Corporation or Mutual organization which provides "trading" facilities for Stock The China Securities Regulatory Commission ( CSRC) ( often abbreviated) is an institution of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC A security is a Fungible, Negotiable instrument representing financial value A broad spectrum of market participants, including 540 listed companies, 35 million registered investors and 177 exchange members, create the market. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc Here buying and selling orders are designed to be matched in a fair, open and orderly market, through an automated system to create the best possible prices based on price-time priority. Trading volumes have been robust.

Since its creation in 1990, the SSE has grown with a market capitalization around 1 trillion yuan (US$122 billion). Market capitalization/capitalisation (aka market cap, mkt cap or capitalized/capitalised value) is a measurement of Corporate or Economic On a daily basis, around 600,000 deals, valued at US$807 million, trade on the SSE.

China's securities market is undergoing fundamental changes. The implementation of the new securities law, company law, self-innovation strategy as well as the development of non-tradable share reform embodies enormous opportunities to the market. Securities regulation in the United States is the field of US Corporate law (also "company" or "corporations" law is the Law of the most dominant kind of business enterprise in the modern world Adhering to the principle of "Regulation, Innovation, Cultivation and Service", the SSE is focused on developing the Small and Medium Enterprises Board, while seeking a loose tier market. ^[7]

The initial public offering (IPO) activity in Shenzhen stock exchange was suspended from September 2000 as the Chinese government pondered merging its bourses into a single exchange in Shanghai and launched a Nasdaq-style second board in Shenzhen aimed at private and technology companies. Initial public offering (IPO, also referred to simply as a "public offering" is when a company issues Common stock or shares to the public for the first Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million The NASDAQ (acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American Stock exchange.

Shopping in Shenzhen

Shenzhen boasts large shopping malls, including Coco Park, MixC, and Kingglory, which carry luxury retailers such as Seibu, Gucci, Louis Vuitton, and Armani. The House of Gucci, better known simply as Gucci, is an Italian iconic fashion and Leather goods label Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis Vuitton ( pronounced /lwi vɥitɔ̃/ or sometimes shortened to LV, is a French luxury fashion Giorgio Armani SpA is an Italian fashion company The company designs and manufactures products in several categories including fashion accessories apparel cosmetics For everyday purchases, citizens go to Dongmen and SEG Plaza. SEG Plaza (赛格广场 is a Skyscraper located at the junction of Shennan Boulevard and Hua Qiang Bei in Shenzhen, People's Republic of

Cityscape

The tallest building in Shenzhen, Shun Hing Square

Shenzhen is home to the world's ninth tallest building, the Shun Hing Square (Diwang Building). Shun Hing Square (Chinese 信兴广场/地王大厦 is a 384m (1260 ft tall Skyscraper in Shenzhen, China. Shun Hing Square (Chinese 信兴广场/地王大厦 is a 384m (1260 ft tall Skyscraper in Shenzhen, China. Shenzhen has built 23 buildings over 200 metres, mostly in the Luohu and Futian districts. This article is about an area in Shenzhen For the district in Hong Kong with the same Chinese name please see Lo Wu. Futian District ( is one of six districts in the city of Shenzhen. The second tallest building in Shenzhen is SEG Plaza at a height of 356 meters (292 meters to roof-top). SEG Plaza (赛格广场 is a Skyscraper located at the junction of Shennan Boulevard and Hua Qiang Bei in Shenzhen, People's Republic of It is located in the commercial and shopping district of Hua Qiang Bei (华强北). Hua Qiang Bei ( Chinese: 华强北 Pinyin: Huá Qiáng Běi is an area in Shenzhen. According to Emporis, Shenzhen is ranked ninth in the world in terms of highrise buildings, and fifth best city skyline in the world. Emporis GmbH is a real estate data company with headquarters in Darmstadt, Germany. A skyline is best described as the overall or partial view of a Silhouette of a city's tall buildings and structures consisting of many Skyscrapers

Shenzhen has some of the most largest public projects in China. The International Trade Center (国贸), built in 1985, was the tallest building in China when built, and the Shun Hing building was also the tallest in Asia when it was built (still the tallest steel building in the world). The International Trade Centre (ITC is the technical cooperation agency of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD and the World Trade

Shenzhen is also the site for many tall building projects. Some of the supertalls that have been either proposed or approved are well over 400 meters. While determining the world's tallest structure has generally been straightforward the definition of the world's tallest building or the The current tallest building under construction is the 439 metre tall Kingkey Finance Tower, which will be finished in 2010. The Kingkey Finance Tower is a Supertall Skyscraper under construction in Shenzhen, China. Other proposed buildings would surpass the Kingkey Finance Tower's height by 2015.

Integration with Hong Kong

Hong Kong and Shenzhen have very close business, trade and social links as demonstrated by the statistics presented below. Except where noted the statistics are taken from sections of the Hong Kong Government (HKG) website. ^[8]

As of December 2007, there are six land crossing points of the boundary between Shenzhen and Hong Kong. From west to east these are Shenzhen Bay Port road crossing (opened 1st July 2007); Huanggang to Lok Ma Chau rail connection linking SZ Metro Line 4 to KCR Lok Ma Chau Extension (opened 15th August 2007); Huanggang to Lok Ma Chau road connection; Futian to Man Kam To road connection; Luohu to Lo Wu rail connection linking KCR East Rail to SZ Metro Line 1, Shenzhen Rail Station and Luohu in general; and the Shatoujiao to Sha Tau Kok road connection. ^[9] Both of the rail connections require the passengers to cross the Shenzhen River on foot as there is no direct rail connection between the two cities, although the Guangzhou to Hong Kong trains pass through Shenzhen without stopping. Sham Chun River (also called Shenzhen River or Shenzhen He) serves as the natural border between Hong Kong and Mainland China, together

In 2006, there were around 20,500 daily vehicular crossings of the boundary in each direction. Of these 65 percent were goods vehicles, 27 percent cars and the remainder buses and coaches. The Huanggang crossing was most heavily used at 76 percent of the total, followed by the Futian crossing at 18 percent and Shatoujiao at 6 percent. ^[10] Of the goods vehicles, 12,000 per day were container carrying and, using a rate of 1. 44 teus/vehicle, this results in 17,000 teus/day across the boundary,^[11] while Hong Kong port handled 23,000 teus/day during 2006, excluding transshipment trade. ^[12]

Trade with Hong Kong in 2006 consisted of US$333 billion of imports of which US$298 billion were re-exported. Of these figures 94 percent were associated with China. ^[13] Considering that 34. 5 percent of the value of Hong Kong trade is air freight (only 1. 3 percent by weight), a large proportion of this is associated with China as well. ^[14]

Also in 2006 the average daily passenger flow through the four connections open at that time was over 200,000 in each direction of which 63 percent used the Luohu rail connection and 33 percent the Huanggang road connection. ^[15] Naturally, such high volumes require special handling, and the largest group of people crossing the boundary, Hong Kong residents with Chinese ethnicity, use only a biometric ID card and a thumb print reader. As a point of comparison, Hong Kong’s Chek Lap Kok Airport, the 5th busiest international airport in the World, handled 59,000 passengers per day in each direction. ^[16]

Hong Kong conducts regular surveys of cross-boundary passenger movements, with the most recent being in 2003, although the 2007 survey will be reported on soon. In 2003 the boundary crossings for Hong Kong Residents living in Hong Kong made 78 percent of the trips, up by 33 percent from 1999, whereas Hong Kong and Chinese residents of China made up 20 percent in 2006, an increase of 140 percent above the 1999 figure. Since that time movement has been made much easier for China residents, and so that group have probably increased further yet. Other nationalities made up 2 percent of boundary crossings. Of these trips 67 percent were associated with Shenzhen and 42 percent were for business or work purposes. Of the non-business trips about one third were to visit friends and relatives and the remainder for leisure. ^[17]

Apart from the business and family trips, many Hong Kong and overseas visitors to Shenzhen go for the shopping, where goods and services are supposedly far cheaper than those in Hong Kong. However, without coming prepared knowing the prices of specific items the goods may end up being far more expensive than in Hong Kong while others are only marginally cheaper, even after a long phase of negotiating. Haggling is politely arguing as told in some circles Optimally if it costs the retailer nothing to engage and allow haggling he can divine the buyer's willingness to spend

The shopping mall most visited by day-tourists is Lo Wu Commercial City, situated close Luohu border crossing. Luohu Commercial City ( Simplified Chinese: 罗湖商业城 Traditional Chinese: 羅湖商業成 Pinyin: luóhúshāngyèchéng is an enclosed shopping This contains an overwhelming array of beauty parlours and stores selling clothes, handbags (usually fake-designer), fabric, jewellery and electrical goods as well as many vendors of pirated software, DVDs, counterfeit goods and mobile phones. The Copyright infringement of Software (also known as software piracy) refers to several practices which involve the unauthorized copying of computer DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is With the number of tourists, it is also a popular location for prostitution, drugs, pickpockets and begging. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. Hard and soft drugs are loose categories of non-prescription Psychoactive drugs This distinction is used in both official and casual discourse This article is about the crime For the Robert Bresson film see Pickpocket (film. "Beggar" redirects here Distinguish from Begga and Bega. However, riding two stops on the Shenzhen Metro would bring them to Lao Jie Station for the Dongmen shopping area, and four stops to Hua Qiang Bei, which are the shopping areas most favoured by locals. The Shenzhen Metro (SZM is the underground railway in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. Dongmen ( Simplified Chinese: 东门 Traditional Chinese: 東門 Pinyin: dōngmén is a major shopping area within the Luohu district of Hua Qiang Bei ( Chinese: 华强北 Pinyin: Huá Qiáng Běi is an area in Shenzhen.

The other reasons for Hong Kong tourists to visit Shenzhen are the restaurants from many provinces, usually at a cost of one quarter that of Hong Kong and often of superior quality, and the genuine massage and beauty parlours at about one tenth the cost of Hong Kong. However, the ability to read or speak Chinese is necessary.

Future integration plans

In Section 114(1) of the policy address on 10 October 2007,^[18] Donald Tsang, Hong Kong Chief Executive, stated:

Jointly developing a world-class metropolis with Shenzhen: In my Election Platform, I have put forward the vision of developing the Hong Kong-Shenzhen metropolis and undertaken to strengthen our co-operation. My proposals met with positive responses from the Shenzhen authorities. We share a common goal and have had some preliminary exchange of views. Currently, we are discussing airport collaboration and the development of the Lok Ma Chau Loop.

On 21 November 2007, the Shenzhen Government officially endorsed this policy and included it in the Shenzhen planning blueprint for the period up to 2020. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. It was announced that Shenzhen mayor, Xu Zongheng, would visit Hong Kong in December 2007 to sign a metropolis agreement with the SAR government. ^[19]

The plans were originally detailed by the Hong Kong non-governmental think tank, Bauhinia Research Foundation in August 2007, and covered such matters as financial services, hi-tech and high-end research and development, transport, environmental matters and ecology. It was claimed that Shenzhen-Hong Kong could be the third largest metropolis in GDP terms by 2020, only behind New York City and Tokyo. The City of New York officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The plan was also endorsed by the China Development Institute, a Shenzhen-based non-government think tank. ^[20]

Port

Situated in the Pearl River Delta in China’s Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Port is adjacent to Hong Kong. The Pearl River Delta Region (PRD ( in southern China occupies the low-lying areas alongside the Pearl River Estuary The city’s 260 km coastline is divided by the Kowloon Peninsula into two halves, the eastern and the western. The Kowloon Peninsula, commonly referred to as Kowloon, is a Peninsula that forms the southern part of the main landmass in the territory of Hong Kong, Shenzhen’s western port area lies to the east of Lingdingyang in the Pearl River Estuary and possesses a deep water harbour with superb natural shelters. The Pearl River Delta Region (PRD ( in southern China occupies the low-lying areas alongside the Pearl River Estuary It is about 20 sea miles from Hong Kong to the south and 60 sea miles from Guangzhou to the north. By passing Pearl River system, the western port area is connected with the cities and counties in Pearl River Delta networks; by passing On See Dun waterway, it extends all ports both at home and abroad. The eastern port area lies north of Dapeng Bay where the harbour is wide and calm and is regarded as the best natural harbour in South China.

Shenzhen handled a record number of containers in 2005, ranking as the world's fourth-busiest port, after rising trade increased cargo shipments through the southern Chinese city. Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers Hutchison Whampoa Ltd, China Merchants Holdings (International) Co. China Merchants Holdings (International Company Limited ( is a major conglomerate involved in the manufacture of paint containers and shipping business and other operators of the port handled 16. 2 million standard 20-foot boxes last year, a 19 per cent increase.

Investors in Shenzhen are expanding to take advantage of rising volume. Hong Kong-based Hutchison, the world's biggest port operator, and its mainland Chinese partner plan to add six berths at Yantian by 2010, bringing the total to 15. Yantian District ( Chinese: 盐田区 Pinyin: Yántián Qū is one of the 6 districts of the Shenzhen City in Guangdong province The company also plans to pay its parent company HK$2. 07 billion (US$265 million) for land at Shekou to expand its cargo business. Shekou ( is an area at the tip of Nantou Peninsula in Shenzhen, Guangdong, southern China, south of Nantou and facing Lau Fau Shan

Yantian International Container Terminals, Chiwan Container terminals, Shekou Container Terminals, China Merchants Port and Shenzhen Haixing (Mawan port) are the major port terminals in Shenzhen. A container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles for onward transportation Shekou ( is an area at the tip of Nantou Peninsula in Shenzhen, Guangdong, southern China, south of Nantou and facing Lau Fau Shan

Transportation

Shenzhen can be reached by air, train, sea, or road.

Air

Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport is 35 kilometers from central Shenzhen and connects the city with many other parts of China, and serves some international destinations. Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport ( formerly named Shenzhen Huangtian Airport) is located near Huangtian and Fuyong villages in Bao'an District, Shenzhen It is normally cheaper for people based in Hong Kong to fly to Mainland Chinese destinations from Shenzhen rather than from Hong Kong, and it is usually cheaper for those based in southern Mainland China to fly out of Hong Kong to international destinations. Shenzhen airport is conveniently connected by coach directly to Hong Kong airport for a fee of ¥200 or HK$200. The airport is connected to the city by an airport bus route 330 which terminates at Hualian Dasha in Shennan Zhong Lu. Other city buses also connect with the airport, but some only turn round at the roundabout outside leaving passengers with a long walk.

Train

Shenzhen Railway Station is located at the junction of Jianshe Lu, Heping Lu and Renmin Nan Lu and provides links to different parts of China. Shenzhen Railway Station ( Chinese: 深圳站 Hanyu Pinyin: Shēnzhèn Zhàn is located across from Luo Hu Commercial City in the Luohu district There are frequent high speed trains to Guangzhou, plus long-distance trains to Beijing, Jiujiang, Maoming, Shantou and other destinations. China Railway High-speed ( abbrev CRH) is the High-speed rail system operated by China Railways. The train from Hong Kong's East Tsim Sha Tsui MTR station to the Lo Wu and Lok Ma Chau border crossings take 43 minutes and 45 minutes respectively. Tsim Sha Tsui (尖沙咀 or 尖沙嘴 often abbreviated as TST, also known as Tsim Tsui (尖咀 or 尖嘴 by local people is an urbanised area in the MTR, or Mass Transit Railway, is the Rapid transit Railway system in Hong Kong. This article is about an area in Hong Kong For the area in Shenzhen China under the same Chinese name please see Luohu. Lok Ma Chau or Lokmachau ( is a village in Hong Kong 's New Territories and also a major pedestrian (which is linked directly to the Hong Kong rapid Trains depart East Tsim Sha Tsui for Lo Wu every 6-8 minutes from 5:36am to 11:13pm. The border crossing at Lo Wu is open daily from 6:30am to midnight. The Lok Ma Chau border crossing closes around 10:30. Returning trains from Lo Wu to East Tsim Sha Tsui depart every 6-8 minutes from 6:38am to 12:30am. The Lok Ma Chau Trains run at 10 minute intervals.

There is another railway station located in Nanshan District, Shenzhen Xi, which is used for a small number of long distance trains, such as the one to Hefei.

The Shenzhen Metro system opened on 27 December 2004. The Shenzhen Metro (SZM is the underground railway in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " It has two lines, one from Luohu (Lo Wu & Shenzhen railway stations) to Window of the World, and the other from Huanggang to Shaonian gong (youth palace). The Window of the World ( is a Theme park located in the western part of the city of Shenzhen in the People's Republic of China.

Sea

Shenzhen is also connected by fast ferries linking Shekou, on the west edge of the SEZ with Zhuhai, Macau, Hong Kong International Airport, Kowloon, and Hong Kong Island. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. Hong Kong International Airport is the main airport in Hong Kong. Kowloon refers to an urban area in Hong Kong made up of Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon, bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east Hong Kong Island ( is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong, China.

Shenzhen has shorelines in its southwest and southeast and the city is home to some of the most popular and best beaches in China. Beaches like Dameisha and Xiaomeisha are often crowded with locals and tourists. The second best beach in China, the Xichong beach, is just one hour drive from downtown Shenzhen, and it till retains its age old natural beauties.

Road

Shennan Dadao

Since February 2003, the road border crossing at Huanggang and Lok Ma Chau in Hong Kong has been open 24 hours a day. Huanggang (皇岗 is an area in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, opposite Lok Ma Chau of Hong Kong across the Sham Chun River Lok Ma Chau or Lokmachau ( is a village in Hong Kong 's New Territories and also a major pedestrian (which is linked directly to the Hong Kong rapid Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The journey can be made by private vehicle or by bus. On 15 August 2007, the Lok Ma Chau-Huanggang pedestrian border crossing opened, linking Lok Ma Chau Station with Huanggang. Lok Ma Chau is the northwestern terminus in Lok Ma Chau on the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line, a branch line of the built to alleviate the overcrowded With the opening of the crossing, shuttle buses between Lok Ma Chau transport interchange and Huanggang were terminated.

Taxis are metered and come in three colors. Red taxis may travel anywhere; green ones are restricted to outside the SEZ, and yellow ones are restricted to inside the SEZ.

There are also frequent bus and van services from Hong Kong International Airport to Huanggang and most major hotels in Shenzhen.

Tourist attractions

Although Shenzhen enjoys a good reputation for shopping and travel, some Hong Kong citizens are concerned about the relatively high crime rate in Shenzhen. Crime statistics attempt to provide a statistical measure of the level or amount of- Crime that is prevalent in societies Reports of businessmen and tourists being robbed and kidnapped in Shenzhen are not uncommon in Hong Kong newspapers. In Criminal law, kidnapping is the taking away or Asportation of a person against the person's will usually to hold the person in False imprisonment Hong Kong is home to many of Asia's biggest Newspapers. The territory has one of the world's largest press industries and is a major centre for Print journalism

Shenzhen's major tourist attractions include the Chinese Folk Culture Villages, the Window of the World, Happy Valley, Splendid China, the Safari Park in Nanshan district, the Dameisha Promenade, Xiaomeisha Beach Resort in Yantian district, Zhongying Street, Xianhu Lake Botanical Garden, and Minsk World. The Window of the World ( is a Theme park located in the western part of the city of Shenzhen in the People's Republic of China. Happy Valley is a tourist spot in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province China. Splendid China ( Chinese: 锦绣中华 Pinyin: Jinxiu Zhonghua is a comprehensive Miniature park reflecting the history culture art ancient architecture Minsk World is a military Theme park located in Dapeng Bay, Shatoujiao, Shenzhen, China. The city also offers free admission to a number of public parks including the Lianhuashan Park, Lizhi Park, Zhongshan Park and Wutongshan Park. Shenzhen offers a great variety of cuisines that its numerous restaurants provide.

Most tourists, however, choose to stay in a largely expatriate and exotic residential community called Shekou, home to a large French cruise liner cemented into the ground, confiscated on drug smuggling charges. Shekou ( is an area at the tip of Nantou Peninsula in Shenzhen, Guangdong, southern China, south of Nantou and facing Lau Fau Shan Shekou was expanded and renovated in recent years, including claiming additional land from the sea. Shekou ( is an area at the tip of Nantou Peninsula in Shenzhen, Guangdong, southern China, south of Nantou and facing Lau Fau Shan

Colleges and universities

• Shenzhen University
• Shenzhen Polytechnic
• Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology
• Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
• Southern University of Science and Technology (Under Construction)

Shenzhen will be the host city of the 2011 Summer Universiade. Shenzhen University (SZU is a full-time comprehensive university accredited by the State Council of the People's Republic of China and is funded by Shenzhen Shenzhen Polytechnic ( is an educational institute in Shenzhen, China, founded in 1993. Peking University ( of Beijing, colloquially known in Chinese as Beida (北大 Běidà) is the first formally established university and the first The 2011 Summer Universiade, the XXVI Summer Universiade, is scheduled for Shenzhen, China. The Universiade is an International Multi-sport event, organized for University athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU

Sister cities

• Houston, United States March 1986
• Brisbane, Australia June 1992. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Brisbane City Council is the governing council for Brisbane, which is the capital of Queensland, Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
• Poznań, Poland July 1993
• Kingston, Jamaica March 1995
• Lomé, Togo June 1996
• Nuremberg, Germany May 1997
• Tsukuba, Japan June 2004
• Gwangyang, South Korea October 2004
• Johor Bahru, Malaysia July 2006
• Perm, Russia 2006
• Turin, Italy January 2007
• Timişoara, Romania February 2007
• Rotherham, Great Britain November 2007
• Reno, United States April 30 2008

Overseas Representative Offices

The Shenzhen City Government and the Shenzhen Bureau of Trade and Industry maintain offices overseas to promote trade and investment in Shenzhen. Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Kingston is the Capital and largest city of Jamaica and is located on the southeastern coast of the island country Lomé, estimated population 700000 (1998 is the Capital and largest city of Togo. TOGO was a Japanese roller coaster design company famous for inventing the Stand-up roller coaster. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It is known as the location of the, a Planned city developed in the 1960s For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Gwangyang ( Gwangyang-si) is a city in South Jeolla Province South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baharu, Johor Baru, ( "Baru" means "new" in Malay) or Johore Bahru and abbreviated For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Perm (Пермь pʲɛrmʲ is a city and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Timişoara (pronunciation in Romanian: {{IPA|/timiˈʃo̯ara/}}; Hungarian: Temesvár, German: Temeschburg, Temeswar Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Rotherham ( is a large town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Don, close to its confluence with the River Rother, between See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This uniquely aggressive effort has served to attract major investment projects and helped Shenzhen-based companies expand their markets by providing free assistance and government support.

• North American Representative Office of Shenzhen (Los Angeles)
• Europe Representative Office of Shenzhen (based in Nuremberg)
• Shenzhen Economic and Trade Representative Office in Japan (based in Tokyo)
• Shenzhen Economic and Trade Representative Office in Australia (based in Sydney)
• Additional office planned for New York. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous

References

See also

• Economy of the People's Republic of China
• Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China
• Political divisions of China
• Sham Chun River (also known as Shenzhen River)
• Shenzhen Jianlibao
• Special Economic Zone

External links

• (English) Shenzhen Government Online
• (English) Shenzhen Daily Daily English printed newspaper
• (English) Shenzhen Wikitravel
• (French) PlaneteShenzhen.com Forum French and Chinese community in Shenzhen