Shedd Aquarium
The John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago
Date opened	May 30, 1930
Location	1200 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois, USA
Number of Animals	25,951
Number of Species	2,100
Accreditations/ Memberships	AZA, Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums AMMPA
Website

John G. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lake Shore Drive (colloquially referred to as LSD or simply Lake Shore or The Drive) is a mostly Freeway -standard Expressway running Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( AZA; previously American Zoo and Aquarium Association, and originally American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums Shedd Aquarium is an indoor aquarium in Chicago, Illinois in the United States. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The aquarium opened on May 30, 1930, and was for some time the largest indoor aquarium in the world with 5,000,000 US gallons (19,000,000 l) of water and over 25,000 fish. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a Vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which Water -dwelling Plants The Shedd Aquarium was the first inland aquarium with a permanent saltwater fish collection. The aquarium is surrounded by Museum Campus Chicago, which it shares with the Adler Planetarium and the Field Museum of Natural History. Museum Campus Chicago is a 57 acre (230850 m² lakefront park in Chicago that surrounds three of the city's most notable Museums all dedicated to the Natural The Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum in Chicago, Illinois was the first Planetarium built in the Western Hemisphere and is the oldest in existence The Field Museum of Natural History is located in Chicago, Illinois, USA. The aquarium has 2 million annual visitors; it was the most visited aquarium in the U. S. in 2005. It is the second most popular cultural attraction in Chicago,^[1] and it contains 2100 species including fish, marine mammals, birds, snakes, amphibians, and insects. ^[2]

Contents 1 History 2 Granddad 3 Exhibits 4 Recognition 5 Architecture 6 See also 7 Gallery 8 References 9 External links

History

Shedd Aquarium was the gift of retail leader John G. Shedd, a protégé of Marshall Field (benefactor of the adjacent Field Museum), to the city of Chicago. John Graves Shedd ( July 20, 1850 - October 22, 1926) was the second president and chairman of the board of Marshall Field & Company Marshall Field ( August 18, 1834 - January 16, 1906) was founder of Marshall Field and Company, the Chicago -based Department The Field Museum of Natural History is located in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Although Shedd only lived long enough to see the architect’s first drawings for the aquarium, his widow, Mary R. Shedd, cut the ribbon at the official opening ceremony.

Groundbreaking took place on November 2, 1927 and construction was completed on 19 December 1929; the first exhibits were opened on May 30, 1930. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. As one of the first inland aquariums in the world, Shedd had to rely on a custom-made railroad car, the Nautilus, for the transport of fish and seawater. The Nautilus lasted until 1959.

In 1930, 20 railroad tank cars made eight round trips between Key West and Chicago to transport 1,000,000 US gallons (3,800,000 l) of seawater for Shedd’s saltwater exhibits. For Jay Leno's bespoke Tank -engined car see the Blastolene Special. Key West is a city in Monroe County Florida, United States. The city encompasses Key West, the namesake island the part of Stock Island Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States.

In 1933, Chicago hosted its second world's fair, the Century of Progress. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the A Century of Progress International Exposition was the name of a World's Fair held in Chicago, Illinois from 1933 to 1934 to celebrate The Aquarium was located immediately north of the fairgrounds, and the museum gained exposure to a large international crowd.

In 1971, Shedd Aquarium added one of its most popular exhibits, a 90,000-US-gallon (340,000 l) exhibit reproducing a Caribbean coral reef. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Coral reefs are Aragonite structures produced by living organisms found in marine waters with little to no nutrients in the water That same year, the aquarium acquired its first research vessel, a 75-foot (23 meter) boat for exploring the Caribbean, manned by a crew to conduct field research and collect specimens. A research vessel (R/V is a Ship designed and equipped to carry out Research at Sea. In 1985, this boat was replaced with the aquarium's current vessel, the Coral Reef II. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar)

John Shedd's grandson, John Shedd Reed, who had served as president of Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad from 1967 to 1986, was president of aquarium's board from 1984 until 1994, and was a life trustee until his death in 2008. John Shedd Reed (1917 &ndash March 16, 2008) was president of the Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe Railway from 1967 until 1986 The Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, often abbreviated as Santa Fe, was one of the larger railroads in the United States. ^[3][4] Ted A. Beattie has been the president and CEO of the aquarium since 1994. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)

In 1991, Shedd opened its Oceanarium, a large addition to the aquarium that features many marine mammals, including Pacific white-sided dolphins and belugas. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Marine mammals are a diverse group of roughly 120 species of Mammal that are primarily Ocean -dwelling or depend on the ocean for food The Pacific White-sided Dolphin ( Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) is a very active dolphin found in the cool to temperate waters of the North Pacific Ocean. In 2006, the Beluga whale Puiji gave birth to a female calf, later named Bella. On August 16, 2007 Mauyak, another beluga, gave birth to a male calf named Miki, the Inuit word for small, bringing the total number of successful beluga calf births at Shedd to three since 1999. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The aquarium also boasts a number of sea otters; the core of this collection was a group rescued from the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. The sea otter ( Enhydra lutris) is a Marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, on March 24 1989

The Shedd's newest permanent exhibit, Wild Reef, opened in 2003. The 750,000-US-gallon (2,800,000 l) Wild Reef exhibit recreates a Philippine coral reef and is based on the Apo Island Marine reserve, complete with living coral, multiple species of fish and rays, and a collection of sharks. For the United States Marine Corps Reserve see Marine Forces Reserve A marine reserve is an area of the Sea which has Legal protection against Corals are Marine organisms from the class Anthozoa and exist as small Sea anemone –like Polyps typically in colonies of many Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Sharks ( Superorder Selachimorpha) are a type of Fish with a full cartilaginous Skeleton and a highly streamlined body The main draw of this attraction is a 400,000-US-gallon (1,500,000 l) shark exhibit with 12-foot (3. 7 m) high curved windows, allowing visitors a diver's-eye view. ^[5]

Granddad

Walter Chute, the aquarium’s director from 1928 to 1964, wanted rare fishes to attract the 10 million tourists expected to visit Chicago for the exposition in 1933. Granddad, an Australian lungfish, arrived at Shedd in 1933, along with his mate, from Sydney during the Century of Progress world expo. General The Queensland lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri (also known as the Australian lungfish, Burnett salmon, and barramunda) is the sole Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 A Century of Progress International Exposition was the name of a World's Fair held in Chicago, Illinois from 1933 to 1934 to celebrate During the expo's run, they attracted about 4. 5 million visitors. ^[6]

Although Granddad's mate died in 1980, he is still alive and is claimed by the aquarium to be the oldest fish in any aquarium in the world. ^[6] He is at least 80 and likely much older; he weighs 25 pounds (11 kg) and is 4 feet (1. 2 m) in length. His normal behavior is to hang out like a sunken log on the bottom of his habitat.

Exhibits

There are 5 permanent exhibits at the Shedd: Amazon Rising, Caribbean Reef, Waters of the World, the Oceanarium, and Wild Reef. The term oceanarium is not well defined It can either mean a Marine mammal park such as Marineland of Florida or a large-scale Aquarium such as the The temporary exhibits include the Lizards and the Komodo King, which has a Komodo dragon, through the summer of 2008. Lizards are a large and widespread group of Reptiles of the order Squamata, with nearly 5000 species and ranging across all continents except The Komodo dragon ( Varanus komodoensis) is a species of Lizard that inhabits the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Amazon Rising exhibit is a 8600 square foot walkthrough flooded forest recreation of the Amazon river and the surrounding jungle. The Amazon River (Rio Amazonas Río Amazonas of South America is the largest river in the world by volume with a total river flow greater than the next top ten largest rivers Jungle usually refers to a dense Forest in a hot climate such as a Tropical rainforest. This exhibit contains 250 different species, and its highest water level is 6 feet. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The Caribbean Reef exhibit was built in 1971, on the site of the aquarium's very first exhibit, the Tropical Pool. A feature of this exhibit is a diver that interacts with the animals while talking with the people. A part of the exhibit is a 90,000-US-gallon (340,000 l) circular tank that allows for maximum walk-around viewing.

Recognition

The aquarium received awards for best exhibit from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) for Seahorse Symphony in 1999, Amazon Rising in 2001, and Wild Reef in 2004. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( AZA; previously American Zoo and Aquarium Association, and originally American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums

Architecture

Shedd Aquarium is also notable for its architecture. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation The basic design, by architectural firm Graham, Anderson, Probst & White,^[7] is taken from classical Greek architecture, more exactly Beaux arts, to match the other structures of the Museum Campus. Graham Anderson Probst & White is a Chicago architecture firm that was founded in 1912 originally as Graham Burnham & Co Architecture was extinct in Greece from the end of the Mycenaean period (about 1200 BC to the 7th century BC when urpeppeeban life and prosperity recovered The central aquarium building is octagonal, fronted by Doric columns and a formal staircase and topped by a dome. The Doric order was one of the three '''orders''' or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or Classical architecture; the other two Canonical A dome is a common structural element of Architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a Sphere. Aquatic motifs are worked in at every opportunity; tortoise shells, dolphins, octopuses, waves, and even the Trident of Poseidon can be found all over the aquarium's exterior and interior. A trident (ˈtrаɪdənt also called a leister or gig, is a three- pronged Spear. In Greek mythology, Poseidon ( Greek:; Latin: Neptūnus) was the god of the Sea and as "Earth-Shaker" Improving upon its predecessor inland aquarium, the Belle Isle Aquarium in Detroit, extensive use was made of designs by Mary Chase Perry Stratton, incorporating her custom-made Pewabic Pottery tile. The Belle Isle Aquarium, located on Belle Isle Park in Detroit, Michigan, was the oldest continually-operating aquarium in North America Mary Chase Perry Stratton was an American Ceramic Artist, born in Hancock Michigan in the Upper Peninsula on March 15 1867 and died in Pewabic Pottery is a studio and school located in Detroit Michigan and founded in 1903 ^[8] The Oceanarium is done in a more modern style representing the Pacific Northwest, but one that blends with the older part of the building. "Whale Harbor", the Oceanarium's 2,000,000-US-gallon (7,600,000 l) main tank, is backed by a wall of windows that look out onto Lake Michigan. Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States.

See also

• Chicago architecture

Gallery

Cleaning the Fish Tank in the Oceanarium	Nickel, a Green Sea Turtle at the aquarium	A Pacific white-sided dolphin leaping from the oceanarium during the main dolphin demonstration	Rockhoppers and Gentoos at the penguin habitat. The architecture of Chicago has influenced and reflected the history of American architecture. "Chelonia" redirects here It is also the name of the Superorder uniting turtles tortoises and terrapins ( Testudines) with the "proto-turtle" The Pacific White-sided Dolphin ( Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) is a very active dolphin found in the cool to temperate waters of the North Pacific Ocean. The Gentoo Penguin (ˈdʒɛntuː Pygoscelis papua, is easily recognized by the wide white stripe extending like a bonnet across the top of its head
Two Belugas swimming in the oceanarium	Shedd Aquarium from the east	A Pacific white-sided dolphin performing a stunt	Sea Turtle named Nickel
A species of Garden Eel from the Wild Reef exhibit

References

External links

• Shedd Aquarium

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic