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Sharp-shinned Hawk
Sharp-shinned Hawk (nominate group).
Sharp-shinned Hawk (nominate group).
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Falconiformes
Family:Accipitridae
Genus:Accipiter
Species:A. The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future Least Concern ( LC) is an IUCN category assigned to extant species or lower taxa which have been evaluated but do not qualify for any other category Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. The order Falconiformes is a group of about 290 Species of Birds that include the diurnal birds of prey. The Accipitridae is one of the two major families within the order Falconiformes (the diurnal birds of prey) The genus Accipiter is a group of birds of prey in the family Accipitridae, mostly consisting of birds known as Goshawks and Sparrowhawks striatus
Binomial name
Accipiter striatus
Vieillot, 1807
Synonyms

Accipiter velox

The Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) is a small hawk. Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot ( May 10, 1748 - 1831 was a French Ornithologist. In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. The term hawk can be used in several ways In strict usage in Europe and Asia, to mean any of the Species in the Subfamily In fact "Sharpies" (as they are abbreviated by North American birdwatchers), are the smallest to reside in USA and Canada, though some Neotropical species are smaller (notably the aptly named Tiny Hawk). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page In Biogeography, Neotropic or Neotropical refers to one of the world's eight terrestrial Ecozones This ecozone includes South and Central America the The Tiny Hawk, Accipiter superciliosus, is a small Diurnal Bird of prey found in forested and edge areas throughout much of the central neotropics The taxonomy is far from resolved, with some authorities considering the southern taxa three separate species: White-breasted Hawk (A. Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification The word comes from the Greek, taxis (meaning 'order' 'arrangement' and, nomos A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of Organisms In Biological nomenclature according to chionogaster), Plain-breasted Hawk (A. ventralis) and Rufous-thighed Hawk (A. erythronemius). See taxonomy for further on this. The Sharp-shinned Hawk ( Accipiter striatus) is a small Hawk.

Contents

Distribution

This species is widespread in North America, Central America, South America and the Greater Antilles. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a The Greater Antilles is one of three island groups in the Caribbean. Below the distributions of the four groups (see taxonomy) are described as they roughly occur from north to south:

Taxonomy

It is commonly separated into four species. If split, the northern group (see distribution) retains both the scientific and the common name: Sharp-shinned Hawk (A. For Wikipedia aspects see WikipediaNaming conventions (common names, WikipediaNaming conventions, and WikipediaStyle manual. striatus). In addition to the nominate taxon (A. s. striatus), it includes subspecies perobscurus, velox, suttoni, madrensis, fringilloides and venator. The three remaining taxa, each considered a monotypic species if split, are the White-breasted Hawk (A. Monotypic is an adjective that refers to a taxonomic group with only one type: In Botany, "monotypic" means that a Taxon has only chionogaster; Kaup, 1852), Plain-breasted Hawk (A. Johann Jakob Kaup ( April 10, 1803 - July 4, 1873) was a German naturalist ventralis; Sclater, 1866) and Rufous-thighed Hawk (A. Philip Lutley Sclater ( November 4, 1829 - June 27, 1913) was an English Lawyer and Zoologist. erythronemius; Kaup, 1850). The breeding ranges of the groups are entirely allopatric, although the wintering range of the nominate group partially overlaps with the range of chionogaster (as is also the case with certain taxa within the nominate group). Allopatric speciation, also known as geographic Speciation, is the phenomenon whereby biological populations are physically isolated by an extrinsic barrier This combined with differences in plumage (see appearance) and, apparently, certain measurements, has been the background for the split, but hard scientific data is presently lacking (AOU). The American Ornithologists' Union ( AOU) an ornithological organization in the USA. Disregarding field guides, most material published in recent years (e. g. AOU, Ferguson-Lees et al p. 586, and Dickinson et al) has therefore considered all to be members of a single widespread species – but not without equivocation: Ferguson-Lees et al. say that if they were to make a world list, they would include the three taxa as separate species (p. 75), and the AOU's comment includes the note "split almost certainly good".

Storer (1952) suggested that the southernmost populations within the nominate group were paler below, thus approaching chionogaster. This has also been reflected in recent guides, where A. s. madrensis of southern Mexico is described as being relatively pale below (compared to more northern subspecies), but if this is a sign of intergradation with chionogaster or a north-south cline which includes both the members of the nominate group and chionogaster remains unclear. In Bolivia, ventralis and erythronemius approach each other, but no evidence of intergradation is known – something that, without actual specimens, also would be hard to prove due to the variability in the plumage of ventralis. In Biology, a specimen is an individual Animal, part of an animal Plant, part of a plant or Microorganism used as a representative to

Habitat

It occurs in a wide range of woodland and forest types, both dominated by conifers and by various types of broad-leaved trees (especially oaks). Broad-leaved tree is any Tree which has wide leaves rather than needle-like leaves (mostly Conifers. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin The largest populations of the nominate group (see taxonomy) are thought to occur in the temperate boreal forests, but winter in warmer regions further south (see distribution). Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests The taxa suttoni, madrensis (both from the nominate group), chionogaster (White-breasted Hawk) and ventralis (Plain-breasted Hawk), are found in upper tropical to temperate highlands; mainly at altitudes of 300-3000 m (990-9850 ft), but occasionally down to near sea-level and up to 4000 m (13100 ft). A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of Organisms In Biological nomenclature according to The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface The taxon erythronemius (Rufous-thighed Hawk) is found in tropical and subtropical regions; both in lowlands and highlands.

Appearance

A small Accipiter hawk. The genus Accipiter is a group of birds of prey in the family Accipitridae, mostly consisting of birds known as Goshawks and Sparrowhawks Males are 24 to 30 cm (9. 5 to 12 in) long, have a wingspan of 52 to 58 cm (20 to 23 in) and weigh from 87 to 114 g (3. 1 to 4 oz). As common in Accipiter hawks, females average distinctly larger at a length of 29 to 37 cm (11. 5 to 14. 5 in), a wingspan of 58 to 68 cm (23 to 27 in) and a weight of 150 to 218 g (5. 3 to 7. 7 oz). Measurements given here are for the northern group, but they are comparable for the remaining. Adults have short broad wings and a long square-ended tail banded in blackish and grey (often narrowly tipped white). The remiges (typically only visible in flight) are whitish barred blackish. Flight feathers are the long stiff asymmetrically shaped but symmetrically paired Feathers on the Wings or Tail of a Bird; those on the Legs yellowish. The hooked bill is black and the cere is yellowish. Anatomy Stegosaurus --> Beaks can vary significantly in size and shape from species to species The remaining plumage varies depending on group:

A juvenile sharp-shinned hawk in Parrish, FL.
A juvenile sharp-shinned hawk in Parrish, FL.

Identification

Comparison of Cooper's Hawk (left), Sharp-shinned Hawk (right)
Comparison of Cooper's Hawk (left), Sharp-shinned Hawk (right)

Food and Hunting

These birds surprise and capture all their prey from cover or while flying quickly through dense vegetation. They are adept at navigating dense thickets. The great majority of this hawk's prey is small birds, especially various songbirds such as sparrows, wood-warblers and American Robins. SongBird is a Dutch Record label owned by Tijs Verwest and Arny Bink The "true sparrows" the Old World sparrows in the family Passeridae, are small Passerine Birds Generally sparrows tend to be This article refers to the New World wood warbler family of birds the Parulidae The American Robin, Turdus migratorius, is a migratory Songbird of the thrush family Birds caught have ranged in size from a 4. 4-g Anna's Hummingbird to a 577-g (1. The Anna's Hummingbird ( Calypte anna) is a medium-sized Hummingbird. 2-lb) Ruffed Grouse and any bird within this size range is potential prey. The Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa umbellus, is a medium-sized Grouse occurring in forests from the Appalachian Mountains across Canada Typically, males will target smaller birds, such as sparrows, and females will pursue larger prey, such as American Robins and flickers. The "true sparrows" the Old World sparrows in the family Passeridae, are small Passerine Birds Generally sparrows tend to be They often pluck the feathers off their prey on a post or other perch. Rarely, Sharp-shinned Hawks will also eat rodents, lizards, frogs, snakes, and large insects. Rodentia is an order of Mammals also known as rodents, characterised by two continuously-growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must Lizards are a large and widespread group of Reptiles of the order Squamata, with nearly 5000 species and ranging across all continents except This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. A snake is an elongate Reptile of the suborder Serpentes Like all reptiles snakes are covered in scales. Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described

Reproduction

Sharp-shinned Hawks will construct a stick nest in a large conifer or dense group of deciduous trees. Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including Clutches of 3 to 8 eggs have been recorded, but are usually 4 to 5 eggs. The eggs measure 37. 6 x 30 mm (1. 48 x 1. 18 in) and weigh about 19 g. The eggs are prized by egg-collectors, because they are heavily marked with surprisingly colorful and varied markings. The incubation period is thought to average at about 30 days. After hatching, the young are brooded for 16 to 23 days by the female, while the male defends the territory and catches food. The young fledge at about a month old and rely on their parents for feeding and protection another 4 weeks. The nesting sites and breeding behavior of Sharp-shinned Hawks are generally secretive, in order to avoid the predation of larger raptors, such as the Goshawk and the Cooper's Hawk. The Goshawk ('ɡɔːshɔːk Accipiter gentilis; from OE góshafoc 'goose-hawk' is a medium-large Bird of prey in the family Accipitridae The Cooper's Hawk ( Accipiter cooperii) is a medium-sized Hawk. While in migration, adults are sometimes preyed on by most of the bird-hunting, larger raptors, especially the Peregrine Falcon. The Peregrine Falcon ( Falco peregrinus) also known simply as the Peregrine, and historically as the "Duck Hawk" in North America is a The breeding behavior of the taxa chionogaster (White-breasted Hawk), ventralis (Plain-breasted Hawk) and erythronemius (Rufous-thighed Hawk) are comparably poorly known, but based on the available knowledge they appear to differ little from that of the nominate group.

Conservation

In North America this bird declined in numbers in the 1960s and 1970s, probably as a result of the use of DDT and other pesticides. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. DDT (from its trivial name D ichloro- D iphenyl- T richloroethane is one of the best known synthetic Pesticides It is a chemical with a long A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. The population of USA and Canada has rebounded since and might even exceed historical numbers today. This is probably due to the combination of the ban on DDT and the proliferation of backyard birdfeeders in North America which create unnaturally reliable and easy prey for all Accipiters. The genus Accipiter is a group of birds of prey in the family Accipitridae, mostly consisting of birds known as Goshawks and Sparrowhawks Migratory Sharp-shinned Hawks are one of the most numerous raptors recorded at "hawk watches" across the country. An exception is the subspecies from Puerto Rico, venator, which is rare and listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. In Zoology, as in other branches of Biology, subspecies is the Taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a Species. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation The remaining resident subspecies from the Greater Antilles, fringilliodes from Cuba and nominate (A. s. striatus) from Hispaniola, are uncommon, local, and, at least in the case of the latter, decreasing. Both ventralis (Plain-breasted Hawk) and erythronemius (Rufous-thighed Hawk) are fairly common (but easily overlooked due to their secretive behavior) and presently considered safe. The situation for chionogaster (White-breasted Hawk) is potentially more problematic due to its limited range, although it, at least locally, remain fairly common.

References

External links

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