Session musicians are musicians available for hire, as opposed to musicians who are either permanent members of a musical outfit or who have acquired fame in their own right. Although the term generally refers to musicians skilled in contemporary musical styles such as rock, jazz, country, pop, etc. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure , it can also be used to describe musicians from classical and other traditional styles. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music

Contents 1 Terms and usage 2 Notable session musicians 3 References 4 External links

Terms and usage

"Studio musicians" are session musicians who do not work outside of the recording studio environment. These players work exclusively inside a studio environment, sometimes for a single studio whereas a session musician may perform at concerts or in any other performance scenario. In the everyday world of the music business, the terms "studio musician" and "session musician" are often used interchangeably.

Session musicians are used in any situation where musical skills are needed on a short-term basis, ranging from a few hours to many months. Typical uses of session musicians are:

• In a recording studio to provide backing for advertising, film and television music
• To provide instrumental or vocal backing for established solo artists or groups, both in the studio and in concerts and appearances
• To act as temporary replacements for permanent members of a band or ensemble
• To provide additional instruments or vocals when needed by a band or ensemble
• In ensembles for theatrical productions

The term generally does not refer to:

• Recording artists
• Solo musicians or ensembles (without recording contracts) who give public or private performances for hire by themselves, such as wedding singers or bar bands
• Amateur musicians
• Full-time members of professional ensembles, such as symphony orchestras
• Sidemen

Instead, session musicians perform with (and are hired by, or on behalf of) some other musical act or artistic production. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a The Wedding Singer is a 1998 Film written by Tim Herlihy and directed by Frank Coraci that stars Adam Sandler as Robbie A musical ensemble is a group of two or more Musicians who perform instrumental or vocal Music. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well A sideman is a professional Musician who is hired to perform or record with a group of which he is not a regular member Apart from being highly competent at their instruments, skilled session musicians are also expected to learn parts rapidly, and to play music by sight (reading directly from the musical score).

This is typically, but not exclusively, true of certain instruments or sounds that are required, such as backing vocals, rhythm sections, horn sections, percussion, etc.

The above definitions do not always apply to earlier times. For example, during the 1920s and 1930s most record companies had their own prolific "studio bands" turning out records of the latest pop hits. These were often made up by jazz and dance band musicians who were at the same time members of regular working bands and who divided their time between studio work (recordings as well as broadcasting) during the day and live performances in the evenings. Notable such "studio musicians" include Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Jack Teagarden, Red Nichols, Miff Mole, and Mike Mosiello. Tommy Dorsey ( November 19 1905 &ndash November 26 1956) was an American Jazz Trombonist, Trumpeter James "Jimmy" Dorsey ( February 29, 1904 &ndash June 12, 1957) was a prominent American Jazz Clarinetist Weldon Leo "Jack" Teagarden ( August 20, 1905 &ndash January 15, 1964) was an influential Jazz Trombonist and Ernest Loring "Red" Nichols ( May 8, 1905 &ndash June 28, 1965) was an American Jazz Cornettist Irving Milfred Mole, better known as Miff Mole ( 11 March, 1898 &ndash 29 April, 1961) was a Jazz Trombonist Mike Mosiello (full name Michele Alphonso Mosiello) (December 2 1896-June 3 1953 was an Italian-born American Trumpet player

Notable session musicians

Many session musicians have long and successful careers. Some achieve considerable fame within the musical industry, although session musicians do not usually achieve popular celebrity. Notable exceptions include the members of the band Toto, formed by a group of regular studio musicians in Los Angeles; John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page, who were well known as session musicians before their later success with Led Zeppelin; keyboardist Rick Wakeman, who started his career as a session musician before becoming a member of popular progressive rock band Yes; R&B singer-songwriters Valerie Simpson (half of the Motown writing and singing duo, Ashford & Simpson), Lisa Fischer, and Luther Vandross who each spent many years as top session vocalists based in New York City. Toto was a Grammy Award winning American rock band founded in 1977 by some of the most popular and experienced Session musicians of Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West John Paul Jones (born John Baldwin on January 3, 1946) is an English Musician, Composer, arranger, Record James Patrick Page, OBE (born 9 January 1944 is an English Guitarist, Composer and record producer Led Zeppelin were Richard Christopher Wakeman (born 18 May 1949 in Perivale, London) is an English Keyboard player best known as the Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved Yes are an English Progressive rock band that formed in London in 1968. Nickolas Ashford (born May 4, 1942, in Fairfield South Carolina) and Valerie Simpson (born August 26, 1946 in Nickolas Ashford (born May 4, 1942, in Fairfield South Carolina) and Valerie Simpson (born August 26, 1946 in Lisa Fischer (born December 1, 1958) is an American Grammy Award winning R&B Singer best known for her beautiful image Luther Ronzoni Vandross ( April 20 1951 – July 1 2005) was an American R&B and soul Singer-songwriter Carol Kaye is the most recorded bassist of all time with 10,000 sessions spanning four decades, according to the Berklee College of Music. Carol Kaye (born March 24, 1935) is an American musician best known as one of the most prolific Bass guitarists in history playing on an estimated ^[1] The 1954 recording session for the epochial "Rock Around the Clock" by Bill Haley and his Comets featured several session musicians, most notably guitarist Danny Cedrone, who performed the song's trademark guitar solo. For the movie named after the song see Rock Around the Clock (film. This article is specifically about the rock and roll band See Bill Haley for biographical information regarding Haley himself Danny Cedrone ( June 20, 1920 — June 17, 1954) was an American guitarist and bandleader best known for his work with Bill Haley

Other notable session musicians include:

• Drums:

Kenny Aronoff, Gregg Bissonette, Hal Blaine, Jan Axel Blomberg, Clem Cattini, Brendan Buckley, Matt Chamberlain, Dennis Chambers, Gary Chester, Vinnie Colaiuta, Josh Freese, Steve Gadd, Winston Grennan, Willie Hall, Roger Hawkins, Al Jackson, Jr., Steve Jordan, Jim Keltner, Abraham Laboriel Jr., Paul Leim, Nate Morton, Adam Moody, Simon Phillips, Jeff Porcaro, Bernard Purdie, Joey Waronker, Ryan Hoyle, Phil Collins, and Dave Weckl. Kenny Aronoff (born March 7, 1953) is an American Drummer. A former member (briefly of the hard rock band Cinderella, he has also Gregg Bissonette, (born June 9, 1959, Detroit, Michigan is an American Drummer. Hal Blaine (born Harold Simon Belsky 5 February 1929, Holyoke Massachusetts) is an US Drummer and Session musician Jan Axel ‘Hellhammer’ Blomberg born August 2, 1969, is a three time Spellemannprisen award-winning Heavy Metal Drummer from Clem Cattini (born Clemente Anselmo Cattini 28 August 1937, Stoke Newington, North London, England) was the Drummer for Brendan Buckley is currently known for being the drummer in popstar Shakira 's band Matthew Chamberlain (born April 17 1967 in San Pedro, California) is a well-known American session Drummer. Dennis Chambers (born May 9, 1959) is an American Drummer who has recorded and performed with John Scofield, Carl Filipiak Gary Chester ( October 27, 1924 – August 17, 1987) (born Cesario Gurciullo in Saracusa Italy was one of the 20th century 's Vincent Colaiuta (born February 5, 1956) is an American Drummer based in Los Angeles. Josh Freese (born December 25, 1972) is an American session drummer and songwriter Stephen Kendall Gadd (born April 9, 1945 in Rochester New York) is an American session and studio drummer notable for Winston Grennan ( September 16, 1944 - October 27, 2000) was a Jamaican drummer famous session work from 1963 to 1973 in Jamaica Willie Hall (born August 8, 1950) is an American drummer. Hall was born in Memphis Tennessee. Roger Hawkins is an American Drummer known for playing in the hit making machine The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section of Alabama. Steve Jordan is an American multi-instrumentalist songwriter and music producer from New York City. Jim Keltner (born April 27 1942 in Tulsa Oklahoma) is a distinguished session drummer who has contributed to the work of many well-known artists Abe Laboriel Jr is an American Drummer who has worked with Paul McCartney, Sting, Hanson, Sheryl Crow, Fiona Apple Nate Morton was born December 30 in Nashville TN For the Simon Phillips (born 6 February 1957 in London) is a prolific English Jazz and rock Drummer. Jeffrey Thomas Porcaro ( April 1, 1954 – August 5, 1992) was a highly regarded session drummer and a founding member of the Bernard "Pretty" Purdie (born June 11, 1939) is an American Drummer and Session musician from Elkton Maryland who has worked Joseph "Joey" Waronker (born May 20, 1969 in Los Angeles, California) is an American Drummer and Music Collective Soul is an American rock band from Stockbridge Georgia. Philip David Charles Collins, LVO (born 30 January 1951 Chiswick, London) is an English Singer-songwriter, Drummer Dave Weckl (born January 8, 1960) is a highly acclaimed Jazz Fusion Drummer.

• Electric bass:

James Alexander, Bob Babbitt, Wilbur Bascomb, Donald "Duck" Dunn, Nathan East, Herbie Flowers, David Hood, David Hungate, Anthony Jackson, Randy Jackson, James Jamerson, Guy Pratt, Jerry Jemmott, Carol Kaye, Abraham Laboriel, Will Lee, Tony Levin, Joe Long, Marcus Miller, Joe Osborn, Pino Palladino, John Pierce, Wojciech Pilichowski, Chuck Rainey, Keith Peberdy, Tommy Sims, Leland Sklar and Shem von Schroeck

• Guitar:

Tristan Abgrall, Duane Allman, Pete Anderson, James Burton, Larry Carlton, Bernie Chiaravalle Ry Cooder, Steve Cropper, Andrew Gold, Jay Graydon, Mabon "Teenie" Hodges, Dann Huff, Lawrence Katz, Michael Landau, Sonny Landreth, David Lindley, Steve "Luke" Lukather, Jim McGorman, Scotty Moore, Rafael Moreira, Matt "Guitar" Murphy, Jimmy Page, Lee Ritenour, Slash, Earl "Chinna" Smith, Hubert Sumlin, Tommy Tedesco, Daryl Stuermer, Reggie Young and (emrah koçak). James Alexander may refer to Earls James Alexander 1st Earl of Caledon (1730-1802 James Alexander 3rd Earl of Caledon (1812-1855 Bob Babbitt (born Robert Kreinar in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania) is an American bassist, most famous for his work as a member of Motown Records Wilbur "Bad" Bascomb is an American Musician who has played on numerous jazz and funk recordings Donald "Duck" Dunn (born November 24 1941) is an American Bass guitarist Record producer, and Songwriter Nathan Harrell East (born December 8 1955, in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is a Jazz, R&B and rock bass player Herbie Flowers (born Brian Keith Flowers 19 May 1938, in Isleworth, Middlesex) is an English Studio musician specialising David Hood is a bassist from Muscle Shoals Alabama. He also plays the Trombone and is a member of David Hungate (b August 5, 1948) is a bass player noted as a member of Los Angeles Pop-rock band Toto from 1977-1982 This article is about the musician For the English actor see Anthony Jackson (actor. Randall Darius "Randy" Jackson (born June 23 1956 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) is best known as a judge on American Idol; he is James Lee Jamerson ( January 29, 1936 - August 2, 1983) was an American bassist Guy Pratt (born 3 January 1962 in London, England) is a well-known session Bassist and also a Songwriter, actor and comedian Gerald Joseph Stenhouse "Jerry" Jemmott (born March 22, 1946 in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City) is an American Carol Kaye (born March 24, 1935) is an American musician best known as one of the most prolific Bass guitarists in history playing on an estimated Abraham Laboriel Sr (born July 17 1947) is a Mexican Bassist who has played on over 4000 recordings and soundtracks Will Lee (born September 8, 1952) is an American musician and Bassist, best known for his work on the CBS Television program Tony Levin (born June 6 1946, Boston Massachusetts) is an American Bass guitarist Levin is best-known for his work with Progressive Joe Long (born in Elizabeth New Jersey on September 5, 1941 as Joseph LaBracio) is best known as the bass guitarist for The Four Seasons Marcus Miller (born June 14, 1959 in Brooklyn, New York) is a Grammy Award-winning Jazz musician composer producer and multi-instrumentalist Joe Osborn (born 1937 in Mound in Madison Parish in northeastern Louisiana) is an American Bass guitar virtuoso notable for his work as a Pino Palladino (born on 17 October 1957 in Cardiff, Wales, UK) is a rock and Rhythm and blues bass John Pierce was a bassist and vocalist for the California smooth rock band Pablo Cruise. Chuck Rainey, born Charles Walter Rainey III in Cleveland Ohio, is a Bass guitar player best known for playing with Steely Dan, Tommy Sims is a renowned bassist producer and musician He was the Bassist of Christian Rock band White Heart from 1987 to Leland "Lee" Bruce Sklar (born May 28, 1947) is an American Musician, Singer-songwriter and Film score composer Howard Duane Allman (November 20 1946 – October 29 1971 was an American, Lead guitarist of the Southern rock group The Allman Brothers Band Pete Anderson (born in Detroit Michigan) is an American Guitarist and Music producer. James Burton (born August 21, 1939, in Minden Louisiana) is an American Guitarist. Larry Carlton (born 2 March, 1948) is an American Jazz, pop, and rock Guitarist dividing his recording Bernie Chiaravalle is the Guitarist for Singer Michael McDonald and has also been a Songwriting partner with McDonald since the late 1980s Ryland "Ry" Peter Cooder (born 15 March 1947, in Los Angeles, California) is an American Guitarist, Singer, and Steve "The Colonel" Cropper (born October 21, 1941) is an American guitarist songwriter and producer Andrew Gold (born August 2 1951, Burbank, California) is an American Singer, Musician and Songwriter Jay Graydon is a Los Angeles songwriter recording artist guitarist producer arranger and recording engineer Dann Huff (born 1960 is an American Singer, Guitarist, Songwriter and producer. Michael Landau (born in 1958 is a Session musician and guitarist who has played on albums since the early 1980s with artists as varied as Seal, Steve Perry Sonny Landreth (born February 1, 1951) is an American Blues musician from southwest Louisiana who is especially known as a Slide David Lindley (born 1944 in San Marino California) is an American Guitarist and Multi-instrumentalist (his instruments include a variety Steve "Luke" Lukather (born October 21, 1957) is an American Grammy Award winning Guitarist, Singer, Jim McGorman, a native of Philadelphia, is a guitarist keyboardist and vocalist Winfield Scott "Scotty" Moore III (born December 27, 1931 near Gadsden Tennessee) is a legendary American Guitarist and Rafael Moreira is a Brazilian born Guitarist and Vocalist who is best known as the lead guitarist in the House Band for the hit CBS series Matt "Guitar" Murphy (born 29 December 1927) is an American Blues Guitarist. James Patrick Page, OBE (born 9 January 1944 is an English Guitarist, Composer and record producer Lee Mack "Captain Fingers" Ritenour (born January 11 1952) is an internationally acclaimed guitarist recording artist composer and producer Saul Hudson (born 23 July 1965 more widely known by his stage name Slash, is an English - African American Guitarist best known as the former Earl "Chinna" Smith is a Jamaican guitarist He is most well known for his work with the Soul Syndicate band and has recorded many reggae artists Hubert Sumlin (born November 16, 1931) is a Blues guitar player known as both a solo artist and central element in Howlin' Wolf 's backup band Thomas J Tedesco ( July 3 1930 &ndash November 10 1997) was an American master Daryl Mark Stuermer (born November 27, 1952) is an American musician who plays Guitar and bass for Genesis during Reggie Young has been the trombonist with the funk group Earth Wind & Fire since 1987

• Keyboards:

Ray Chew, David Foster, Steve George Don Grolnick, Nicky Hopkins, Johnnie Johnson, Booker T. Jones, Bradley Joseph, Larry Knechtel, Charlie Peacock, Chuck Leavell, Jim McGorman, Michael McDonald, Paul Mirkovich, Spooner Oldham, Steve Porcaro, Billy Preston, Ike Turner Brad Cole, and Carson Whitsett. Ray Chew is an American Jazz musician who specializes in keyboards and various percussion David Walter Foster, OC, OBC, LLD (born November 1, 1949 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Steve George may refer to Steve George (keyboardist (born 1955 keyboardist for pop band Mr Don Grolnick (b Brooklyn NY, September 23, 1948; died June 1, 1996) was an American Jazz and pop Nicky Hopkins (born Nicholas Christian Hopkins ( February 24, 1944 in Harlesden, North London, England; died Johnnie Johnson ( July 8 1924 &ndash April 13 2005) was a Piano player and Blues Musician. Booker T Jones (born November 12 1944) is a multi- Instrumentalist, Songwriter, Record producer and Arranger, best Bradley Joseph (born 1965 is an American Composer, arranger, and producer of contemporary instrumental music. Larry Knechtel (born Lawrence William Knechtel 4 August 1940, Bell, California) is a Session musician best-known for his work with Charlie Peacock (born Charles William Ashworth August 10, 1956) is an American Singer-songwriter, pianist Record producer, Chuck Leavell (born Charles Alfred Leavell, April 28, 1952) is an American Pianist and Keyboardist, who was a member Jim McGorman, a native of Philadelphia, is a guitarist keyboardist and vocalist Michael McDonald may refer to Michael McDonald (singer (born 1952 American "blue-eyed soul" singer Michael McDonald (actor Paul Mirkovich (born on March 20 1963 is a Los Angeles native and has been the band leader keyboardist and duet singing partner for Cher for the last 16 years Dewey Lyndon "Spooner" Oldham is an American Songwriter and Session musician. Steven Maxwell "Steve" Porcaro (born 2 September 1957, Hartford Connecticut) is a Keyboardist and Composer who was William Everett Preston ( September 2 1946 – June 6 2006) was an American Soul musician from Houston Texas, Ike Wister Turner ( November 5 1931 &ndash December 12 2007) was an American Musician, Bandleader, Carson Whitsett ( May 1 1945, Jackson Mississippi – May 8 2007 of a brain tumor was a Keyboardist, Songwriter

• Percussion:

Paulinho Da Costa

• Vocalists:

Tawatha Agee, Patti Austin, Tony Burrows, Bill Champlin, Kacey Cisyk, Jeanette Clinger, Tommy Funderburk, Siedah Garrett, Steve George (musician) Carl Hall, Cissy Houston, Michael McDonald, Richard Page, Chris Rodriguez, Frank Simms, Warren Wiebe and Miriam Stockley. Paulinho Da Costa ( May 31, 1948) is a Percussionist born in Rio de Janeiro Brazil, and is considered one of the most recorded musicians Patti Austin (born August 10 1950, in Harlem, New York) to Edna and Gordon Austin is a Grammy -winning R&B and Jazz Anthony "Tony" Burrows (born 14 April 1942, in Exeter, Devon) is a British session Singer. William Bradford "Bill" Champlin (born on May 21, 1947 in Oakland, California) is an American Singer, Kvitka Cisyk (Квітка Цісик born April 4, 1953 in Queens New York died March 29, 1998 in New York City Soprano singer Jeanette Clinger, is an American singer/vocalist who has toured and/or recorded with such artists as Kim Carnes, Bradley Joseph, Hiroshima (band Tommy Funderburk is one of the most hired background singers in the history of rock Siedah Garrett (born June 24 1960 in Los Angeles, California) is an American R&B Singer, Academy Award Carl Hall - an African-American Singer, Actor and musical arranger Emily Drinkard (born September 30, 1933) better known as Cissy Houston, is an American soul and gospel singer Michael McDonald may refer to Michael McDonald (singer (born 1952 American "blue-eyed soul" singer Michael McDonald (actor Richard Page (born 16 May 1953, Keokuk, Iowa, USA) was the lead Singer and Bassist in 1980s U Chris Rodriguez is an American Contemporary Christian musician Frank Simms is an American singer and Voice-over artist known for providing the voices behind such iconic characters as the Kool-Aid Man and the Honeycomb Warren Wiebe ( July 18, 1953 – October 25, 1998) was an American vocalist and session artist from San Diego. Miriam Stockley (born on April 15, 1962 in Johannesburg, South Africa) is a British singer

• Groups:

Booker T and the MGs; The Funk Brothers; The Wrecking Crew; The Memphis Horns; The Horny Horns; The Kick Horns; Atlanta Rhythm Section; Sly and Robbie; The Hodges Brothers; The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section; and Toto. The Funk Brothers was the nickname of Detroit Michigan, Session musicians who performed the backing to most Motown Records recordings from 1959 until 1972 The Wrecking Crew was a nickname given to a group of Session musicians in Los Angeles California, who earned wide acclaim in the 1960s The Memphis Horns are an American Horn section made famous by their many appearances on Stax Records. The Horny Horns were a Horn section associated with Parliament-Funkadelic and Bootsy's Rubber Band led by Trombonist Fred Wesley. The Kick Horns are a London-based group of session brass instrument players who have been playing under the name since the early 1980s Atlanta Rhythm Section, sometimes abbreviated ARS, is an American Southern rock band. Sly and Robbie are one of Reggae 's most prolific and long lasting production teams The Hodges Brothers are a musical group composed of Memphis, TN natives Charles Hodges (organ Leroy Hodges (bass and Mabon "Teenie" Toto was a Grammy Award winning American rock band founded in 1977 by some of the most popular and experienced Session musicians of

References

External links

• Indaba Music - website for session musicians to work for clients remotely

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