Citizendia

Serbs of Croatia
Total population

Serbs living in Croatia: 201 631 [1]

Serbs that originate from Croatia 700,000 [2]
(including those of ancestral descent)
Regions with significant populations
Flag of Serbia Serbia
Flag of Canada Canada
Flag of Croatia Croatia
Flag of Australia Australia
Flag of the United States United States
Languages
Serbian
Religions
Serbian Orthodox Christian[3]

Serbs of Croatia are the largest national minority in the Republic of Croatia. Genealogy (from Greek: el γενεά el-Latn genea, "descent" and el λόγος el-Latn logos, "knowledge" is the study of Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The majority of the Serbs trace their roots in territory of present day Croatia for over 400 years. [4] There are approximately 201,631 Serbs in the country, according to the 2001 Croatian population census. For various political reasons, primarily the mass-flight during Operation Storm,[5] only a fraction of Croatian Serbs still actually live in Croatia. Operation Storm ( Croatian: Operacija Oluja, Serbian Cyrillic: Oпeрaциja Oлуja was the Code name given to a large-scale military operation They currently comprise 4. 5% of the total population. The Croatian electoral commission recorded 274,968 eligible voters of Serb ethnicity on the 2007 national minority council elections.

By far the most famous Croatian Serb is the 19th century scientist, Nikola Tesla. There have already been discussions about Tesla's ethnicity on the talk page

Part of a series of articles on
Serbs

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Serbian political entities
Serbia (Kosovo · Vojvodina)
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Historical Serbian and Serb-inhabited
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Ancient:
White Serbia · Limes Sorabicus

Medieval:
Doclea · Rascia · Bosnia · Zachlumia
Travunia · Pagania · Republic of Ragusa
Serbian Empire
Moravian Serbia · Serbian Despotate
Zeta · Herzegovina of St. Sava

Modern:
Revolutionary Serbia · Principality of Serbia
Voivodship of Serbia · Principality of Montenegro
Kingdom of Serbia · Kingdom of Montenegro
Kingdoms of SHS and Yugoslavia
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(within the Second Yugoslavia)
SAP Voivodina · SAP Kossovo-Metochia
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Serbian Orthodox Church
Patriarchs · Monasteries · Saints

Serbian language and dialects
Serbian · Serbo-Croat
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Torlakian · Šatrovački · Užičan
(Old) Church Slavonic · Slavoserbian
Differences between standard
Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian

History · Timeline · Monarchs

Persecution of Serbs
Serbophobia · Jasenovac
Persecution in World War II

Other articles
Serbian-Greek friendship

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Contents

Population

The Serbian population (blue) living in Croatia in the 2001
The Serbian population (blue) living in Croatia in the 2001

The largest concentration of Serbs in the Republic of Croatia is probably in the capital, Zagreb. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Serbian culture refers to the culture of Serbia as well as the culture of Serbs in other parts of the former Yugoslavia and elsewhere in the world Serbian literature is Literature written in Serbian and/or in Serbia. The Music of the Serbian people and Serbia presents a mixture of the traditional music which is part of the wider Balkan tradition with its own distinctive The territory of today's Serbia has been inhabited since pre-historical times Serbia (both as an independent country and as part a part of former Yugoslavia has been home to many internationally acclaimed films and directors Serbian epic poetry (Српске епске народне песме is a form of Epic poetry originating in the Serbian lands, today's Serbia, The following is an overview of Serb clans, a general term referring to what are known as plemena (племена and bratstva (братства in Serbian Traditional Serbian costumes like any other Traditional dress of a nation or culture has been lost to the advent of Urbanization, Industrialization, and The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the The Serbian language is one of the richest languages regarding Kinship terminology The Serbian cuisine is a heterogeneous one influenced by Mediterranean ( Byzantine Empire / Greece) Oriental (Turkish and Austro-Hungarian The Sport in Serbia revolves mostly around team sports football, Basketball, Water polo, Volleyball, Handball, and more There are currently 45 to 55 million Serbs in Diaspora throughout the world (those that are not constitutional peoples like in Serbia, Montenegro and Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Serbs are currently the largest ethnic minority in Kosovo. Population According to the Statistical Office of Kosovo in 2006 there were 111300 Serbs are one of the three constitutive nations of Bosnia-Herzegovina, predominantly concentrated in the Republic of Srpska The Serbs are an ethnic minority in Hungary. According to the 2001 census there were 7350 Serbs in Hungary or 0 The Serbs in Greece form a number of approximately 5200 people born in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with Greek citizenship according to the 2001 census Several thousand Canadians are of Serbian origin Serbs have migrated to Canada in various waves during the 20th century Serbian Americans are Citizens of the United States who are of Serbian ancestry Serbian Australians are Citizens of Australia who are of Serbian ancestry Serbs have a long history on the territory of today's Budapest ( Serbian: Будимпешта or Budimpešta) Sorbs (Serbja Serby also known as Wends, Lusatian Sorbs or Lusatian Serbs, are a Slavic people settled in Lusatia The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" Bunjevci ( Bunjevac, Croatian and Serbian: Bunjevci / Буњевци singular Bunjevac / Буњевац (pronounced 'boo-nyev-tsi Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Muslims by nationality ( Muslimani, Муслимани was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of The Goran or Gorani are a Balkan Ethnic group characterised by their adherence to Islam and by their dwelling in the border region between Albania The Krashovani ( Croatian and Serbian: Krašovani (Крашовани Karašovani or Krašovanje, Karaševci and The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people Montenegrins ( Serbian: Црногорци/ Crnogorci) are a South Slavic people closely akin to the Serbs, associated to Montenegro Shopi (шопи Scientific transliteration šopi singular шоп šop with various regional names also existing is a regional term referring to the inhabitants of the Šokci, ( Croatian, Bosnian Šokci, singular Šokac, Serbian Cyrillic: Шокци in Hungarian: Sokácok Torlaks (Торлаци Torlaci is a name for Slavic inhabitants of south-eastern Serbia and northern Macedonia who speak the Torlakian dialect. Užičans (Ужичани Užičani) generally refers to the locals of the western Serbian city of Užice its local discrict and the surrounding area Yugoslavs ( Bosnian: Jugosloveni/Jugoslaveni; Macedonian and Serbian: Југословени Jugosloveni; Croatian This is a list of political entities (states and provinces that were inhabited or ruled by Serbs during history Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Република Српска Republika Srpska ( often abbreviated PC or RS) also Српска Srpska Brčko District ( Bosnian / Serbian / Croatian: Brčko distrikt (Брчко дистрикт in Cyrillic) in northeastern Bosnia The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! This is a list of political entities (states and provinces that were inhabited or ruled by Serbs during history This article presents the history of the Serbs from the first mention of the people by Roman historians to events in the 20th century White Serbia, also known as Bojka ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бојка) was the traditional homeland of the White Serbs in Europe. The Sorb ( ian) March ( Limes Sorabicus; Sorbenmark was a frontier district on the eastern border of East Francia in the Тhe medieval history of Serbia begins in the 5th century AD with the arrival of the Slavs in the Balkans and ends with the occupation of Serbia by the Ottoman Empire in 1459 Doclea can refer to Doclea (city, ancient Illyrian and Roman city Duklja, medieval Slavic principality Raška ( alternative spellings have included Raschka, Rascia and Rassa) was the central and most successful Medieval Serbian The Byzantines restored control over Bosnia at the end of 10th century but not for long as it was soon taken by Emperor Samuil of Bulgaria. Zachlumia ( Croatian: Zahumlje Serbian: Захумље also known as the Land of the Hum and Chelm, was a Medieval Travunia ( Serbian: Травунија or Травуња Transliterations: Travunija, Travunja; Latin: Terbounia) was a Pagania, Merania or Neretvia (the Narentine Frontier, Ancient Greek:, Italian: Narentani The Republic of The Serbian Empire ( Serbian: Српско Царство Srpsko Carstvo) was a medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the medieval Moravian Serbia ( Serbian: Моравска Србија Moravska Srbija) was the most important of the Serbian states that emerged from the collapse of the The Serbian Despotate ( Serbian: Српска деспотовина or Srpska despotovina) was among the last Serbian states to be conquered by the Zeta (Serbian Cyrillic Зета, Latin Zenta) was a principality whose territory was mostly Serbian territories that approximately encompass present-day Duchy of Herzegovina was a South Slavic duchy that existed between 14th and 15th century in Herzegovina region of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbia gained its autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in two revolutions in 1804 and 1815, though Turkish troops continued to garrison the capital Belgrade Serbian revolution or Revolutionary Serbia refers to the national and Social revolution of the Serbian people between 1804 and 1817 during The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the The Serbian Vojvodina ( Serbian Voivodship, Serbian Duchy, Srpska Vojvodina, Српска Војводина was a Serbian autonomous region within the The Principality or Princedom of Montenegro was a principality in Southeastern Europe. The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler The Kingdom of Montenegro ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Црнa Горa or Kraljevina Crna Gora) was a kingdom in southeastern Europe The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija Socialist Republic of Serbia ( Serbo-Croatian: Социјалистичка Република Србија Socijalistička Republika Srbija) was a Socialist The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbo-Croatian: Социјалистичка Аутономна Покрајина Војводина Socijalistička Autonomna The Republic of Serbian Krajina abbreviated RSK (Република Српска Крајина РСК sometimes also translated "Republic of Serb Krajina" The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора / Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora, abbreviated The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the This is a list of the Archbishops and Patriarchs of Peć and the Serbs from the creation of the church as an archdiocese in 1219 to today's Patriarchate This is a list of Serbian Orthodox Monasteries. Monasteries in Serbia Central Serbia Vojvodina Fruška Gora Over the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the church has had many people who were venerated to sainthood Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem The Serbian Romany language (ISO 639-3/SIL code rsb) is the Mixed language of Serbian (a South Slavic language) and Romany (an Shtokavian or Štokavian (štokavski is the main dialect of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages Torlak ( Cyrillic: Торлачки говор Торлашки говор Latinic: Torlački govor) or simply Torlakian, is the name used Šatrovački (Шатровачки is a feature of permuting syllables of words used in Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Macedonian. The Užican speech (also spelled Užičan speech) or Zlatiborian speech ( Serbian Cyrillic: ужички говор or златиборски говор to make sure old Cyrillic letters are displayed properly (For example instead of just Ѣ write Ѣ Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox The Slavonic-Serbian language (славяносербскій / slavjanoserbskij or словенскій slovenskij; славеносрпски / slavenosrpski This article presents the history of the Serbs from the first mention of the people by Roman historians to events in the 20th century Timeline This is a list of Serbian monarchs. Notes Entries bounded within parentheses are for reference only for instance the Roman numerals keep counts of Stefans Serbophobia, or Anti-Serb sentiment, is a term used to describe a sentiment of hostility or Hatred towards Serbs or Serbia. During World War II, between 500000 and 750000 Serbs were killed Zagreb (ˈzɑːgrɛb is the Capital and the largest city of Croatia. Elsewhere, most Croatian Serbs were, and still are concentrated in Banija, Kordun, Lika, Northern Dalmatia, Slavonia, western Srijem and Baranja. Banovina, (formerly known as Banska krajina) is a geographical region in central Croatia, between the rivers of the Sava, Una, and The Kordun region is a part of central Croatia from the bottom of the Petrova Gora (Peter's mountain mountain range which extends along the river Korana Lika is a mountainous region in central Croatia, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Not to be confused with Slovenia, a nearby country Slavonia ( Croatian, Serbian: Slavonija, Cyrillic script "Baranja" redirects here For other meanings of "Baranya" and "Baranja" see Baranya. Smaller numbers can be found in southern Dalmatia, Bilogora, Moslavina, Gorski kotar, and Istria. Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Moslavina is a region in Croatia, administratively divided into the counties of Zagreb, Sisak-Moslavina and Bjelovar-Bilogora. Gorski kotar (English Mountain District) is the mountainous Region in Croatia between Karlovac and Rijeka. This article is about a geographical region bordering the Adriatic Sea

There were 16 municipalities with a Serb majority:

In 2001 there were four counties where Serbs numbered over 10% of the population: Vukovar-Srijem county, Sisak-Moslavina county, Karlovac county, and the Lika-Senj county. Vukovar-Syrmia county (Vukovarsko-srijemska županija is the easternmost Croatian County. Sisak-Moslavina county - Sisačko-moslavačka županija is a Croatian County in eastern Central Croatia and southwestern Slavonia Karlovac county - Karlovačka županija is a County in central Croatia, with the administrative center in Karlovac. Lika-Senj county - Ličko-senjska županija is a County in Croatia that includes the Lika region and some northern coastline of the

The number of Serbs in Croatia was much larger in 1991, when they numbered at 581,663[6] constituting around 12,2% of the total population of the country. The largest precisely recorded number of Serbs by census was in 1971 when there were 626,789 Serbs in SR Croatia (over 14% of the total at the time). Socialist Republic of Croatia ( Croato-Serbian and Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska) was a Socialist state that was a Constituent [7]

The loss of the heavily Serb populated Eastern Srijem region, the incorporation of Istria and Dalmatia, and the non-inclusion of Croat dominated regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the People's Republic of Croatia (as had been done in the Banovina of Croatia), are examples of territorial changes that either increased or reduced the relative percentage of the Serb population of Croatia. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The Banovina of Croatia or Banate of Croatia ( Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian: Banovina Hrvatska) was a province ( Banovina

Changes during the Yugoslav wars

The Serbian population living in Croatia in the 1981
The Serbian population living in Croatia in the 1981

The largest decrease in the number of Serbs in Croatia occurred during the Croatian War of Independence (part of the Yugoslav wars). The Croatian War of Independence was a War in Croatia from 1991 to 1995 The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and The majority of the population continues to live in exile in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro, where, as of 2005, there were still 200,000 refugees. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [8]

The census of 1991 was the last one held before the war in Croatia, marked by ethnic conflict between the Orthodox Serbs and the Catholic Croats. Around 580,000 citizens declared themselves as Serbs. In the ethnic and religious makeup of population of Croatia of that time, those two sets of numbers are quoted as important:

Two major sets of population changes occurred during this period - the first one during the earlier stage of the war, around 1991, and the second one during the later stage of the war, around 1995.

After the Yugoslav wars, the numbers are:

In the earlier stages of the war, most of the Croats of eastern Slavonia, Baranja, Banija, Kordun, eastern Lika, northern Dalmatian Zagora and Konavle fled those areas as they were under Serbian military control. Most of the Serbs from Bilogora and northwestern Slavonia fled those areas as they were under Croatian military control. In later stages of the war, most of the Serbs of western Slavonia, Banija, Kordun, eastern Lika and northern Dalmatian Zagora fled those areas as they came under Croatian military control.

Prominent individuals

Many famed ethnic Serbs were born in what is today's Croatia, including:

Language

Most Croatian Serbs use a neo-shtokavian dialect of the Serbian language with ijekavian pronunciation, while those in eastern Slavonia and Baranja mostly use Ekavian pronunciation (As in Serbia). Shtokavian or Štokavian (štokavski is the main dialect of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Not to be confused with Slovenia, a nearby country Slavonia ( Croatian, Serbian: Slavonija, Cyrillic script "Baranja" redirects here For other meanings of "Baranya" and "Baranja" see Baranya. For references, see the following dialect maps: [1] [2]

Serb children receive their education in standard Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic script in eastern Slavonia, as defined by the Erdut Agreement. Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, [10]

Religion

The Serbs of Croatia are predominantly Serbian Orthodox. The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the There is one Metropolitanate that is divided in four dioceses:

There are many Orthodox monasteries across Croatia, built since the 12th century. Most notable are the Krka Monastery, Krupa Monastery, Dragović Monastery, Lepavina Monastery and Gomirje Monastery. Krka Monastery ( Serbian: Манастир Крка or Manastir Krka) is a Serb Orthodox Monastery dedicated to the Archangel Michael Monastery Dragović (Манастир Драговић is situated on a hill downstream the Cetina River not far from Vrlika, Dalmatia in the Lepavina is a monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the village of Lepavina, near the town of Koprivnica in the Republic of Croatia. Many Orthodox churches were demolished during recent war, while some were rebuilt by the Croatian government with money partially donated by the Serbian diaspora.

History

Early Middle Ages

Toponyms and early appearances

According to Serbian linguists the first mention of Serbs is a toponym - the ancient stronghold of Srb on the river Una as early as the 9th century, citing the resemblance of the terms "Serb", and "Srb". Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology. Una is a river flowing through Croatia and the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina; in its middle and lower course it is a border between the two countries Croatian linguists reject this, citing the noun "Srb" derived from the old Croatian verb "serbati" and denoting the spring of the river Una. [3]

According to the Royal Frankish Annals of the Frankish historian Einhard, Prince Ljudevit of Pannonia (continental Croatia) fled to the Serbs in 822, tricked the Serbian ruler by killing him and taking the rule of the Serbs for himself. The Royal Frankish Annals or Annals of the Kingdom of the Franks ( Latin: Annales regni Francorum) are Annals written for the early Frankish kings The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart) (c 775 &ndash March 14, 840 in Seligenstadt, Germany) was a Frankish Ljudevit Posavski ( Trans- Savian) was a Slavic Prince of Pannonian Croatia from 810 to 823 Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, At this time, Serbs controlled the greater part of Dalmatia (referring to the ex Roman province). Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern

Pattern of Serb Settlement In Illyricum

According to De Administrando Imperio (chapters 32-36) from 950, written by Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos, the following lands in the south of the Roman province of Dalmatia were settled by the Serbs:

Of these areas, Pagania/Narenta bordered on the Kingdom of Croatia, and it was inhabited by what are described as "unbaptized Serbs". De Administrando Imperio is the commonly used Latin title of a scholarly work written in Greek, by the 10th-century Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, "the Purple-born" ( Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ζ΄ Πορφυρογέννητος Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Raška ( alternative spellings have included Raschka, Rascia and Rassa) was the central and most successful Medieval Serbian Duklja or Diokletija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Дукља or Диоклетија; Latin: Doclea or Diocleia; Pagania, Merania or Neretvia (the Narentine Frontier, Ancient Greek:, Italian: Narentani Zachlumia ( Croatian: Zahumlje Serbian: Захумље also known as the Land of the Hum and Chelm, was a Medieval Travunia ( Serbian: Травунија or Травуња Transliterations: Travunija, Travunja; Latin: Terbounia) was a Konavle (Canali or Valle dei Canali is a small region and municipality located southeast of Dubrovnik, Croatia. The Kingdom of Croatia was an independent state from circa 925 until 1102 covering most of what is today Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkans The other regions did not directly border Croatia (although the description of the high country is unclear in the document), and were Christian.

Most of Pagania/Narenta and small southern parts of Zahumlje and Travunia and Konavli are today part of Croatia, and the rest is mostly part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while Raška is located in Serbia, and Duklja for the most part in Montenegro. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE!

Late Middle Ages

During the Hungarian civil war in August 1292, the titular King of Hungary, Charles Martel of Anjou nominated Vladislav, (son of Dragutin Nemanjić, Ban of Slavonia, which was then controlled by forces loyal to Andrew III of Hungary, and Andrew refused to cede Slavonia to Vladislav. Charles "The Hammer" Martel (Carolus Martellus Charles "the Hammer" (ca For other monarchs with similar names please see Ladislaus II (disambiguation. Stefan Dragutin (died March 12 1316) was King of Serbia from 1276 to 1282 and King of Srem from 1282 to 1316 Not to be confused with Slovenia, a nearby country Slavonia ( Croatian, Serbian: Slavonija, Cyrillic script Slavonia eventually came under the control of the Babonići nobles. [11]

There are three major Serbian Orthodox monasteries in northern Dalmatia from that period: Krupa monastery, which was financed by King Stephen Uroš II Milutin in 1317. Stefan Uroš II Milutin ( Serbian cyrillic: Стефан Урош II Милутин (c It was finished only with the financial assistance of Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan in 1346. Stefan Uroš IV Dušan ( c.1308 – 20 December 1355) called Silni ("the Mighty" was the King of Serbia (from Krka monastery was built in 1346 by Jelena, sister of Stefan Dušan and wife of Ban Mladen Šubić of the Šubić noble family. The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages they held the county of Bribir (Varvaria in The third, Dragović monastery, was also built in the 14th century, and was later moved stone by stone during the construction of the artificial Peruča lake by the Yugoslav federal government.

Serbian Despots have gained numerous vestiges in the Slavonia region throughout the 15th century, where they held the title of baron of the Kingdom of Hungary, because this territory is part of the Croatian land of the Crown of Saint Stephen. The Serbian Despotate ( Serbian: Српска деспотовина or Srpska despotovina) was among the last Serbian states to be conquered by the Not to be confused with Slovenia, a nearby country Slavonia ( Croatian, Serbian: Slavonija, Cyrillic script Baron is a specific Title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin (liber The Holy Crown of Hungary ( Hungarian: Magyar Szent Korona, German: Stephanskrone, Croatian: Kruna svetoga Stjepana, After the Ottoman Turks expelled the entity with the conquest of Smederevo in 1459, the titular Serbs rulers continued to claim the Baronial title and territory on Hungarian soil until 1530. Smederevo (Смедерево is a city and municipality in Serbia on the Danube at 44 .

Early Modern Period

Main article: Military Frontier

During the period of the Habsburg-Ottoman wars there have been constant population migrations in the territory of modern-day Croatia. Military Frontier (Military Border Military Krajina Vojna Krajina, Војна Крајина, Militärgrenze, Confiniaria militaria, Határőrvidék Ottoman invasion instigated a partial change in the ethnic aspect of Vojna Krajina. Military Frontier (Military Border Military Krajina Vojna Krajina, Војна Крајина, Militärgrenze, Confiniaria militaria, Határőrvidék Large numbers of Croats abandoned their homes and moved northward seeking safety, some even going out of Croatia altogether into Austria (see Burgenland Croats). Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Burgenland Croats (Gradišćanski Hrvati are ethnic Croats in the Austrian province of Burgenland. [12] The Ottomans, on the other hand were settling, first orthodox Vlachs, and then Serbs in the area. Vlachs is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe During the following centuries, the Vlachs were assimilated by the Serbs but evidence of their existence is the 1630 document, the Statuta Wallachorum. The Habsburgs created the Military Frontier out of territory of the Croatian Crown as a defense against the Turks, and greatly expanded it further upon reconquering large territories the Ottomans conquered from Croatia. Military Frontier (Military Border Military Krajina Vojna Krajina, Војна Крајина, Militärgrenze, Confiniaria militaria, Határőrvidék The Frontier (i. e. the "Vojna Krajina") was mostly inhabited by Serbs and Vlachs the Turks had settled there.

In 1578 the area was populated largely by Orthodox Serbs and Vlachs. The Serbs were fleeing the Ottoman side of the border due to Turkish persecution, and became frontiersmen for the Habsburgs in exchange for land and liberty. In addition, this was the only requirement for their permanent stay in the region. These inhabitants were required to serve a certain amount of years in the Habsburg army, after which they would be granted land, becoming free peasants. Serbs were thus regarded as some kind of military class. The tradition lasted up to the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia, where Serbs were disproportionately represented in the Croatian and Yugoslav military and law enforcement (60 % of of the army officer corps [4]). The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian:
The area of the Military Frontier was reunited with the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia in the year 1881 after Bosnia and Herzegovina had been occupied by Austro-Hungary. Following the Battle of Mohács, in 1527 the Croatian (and Hungarian) nobles needed to decide on a new king Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan [13] Until the unification with Croatia, the Military Frontier Vice-Ban was always of Serb nationality. During the last two decades of the 19th century Croatian Ban (Viceroy) Khuen Hedervary (a Hungarian), relied on Serb parties in the Croatian parliament to maintain a governing majority. Dragutin Károly Khuen-Héderváry, also known as Károly Count Khuen-Héderváry de Hédervár ( May 23, 1849 &mdash February 16, 1918 Because of this the Serbs came to occupy a disproportionate share of civil service posts in Croatia, causing resentment on the part of the majority Croatian population.

Croatia encompassed three historical provinces: Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, but it was, nevertheless, organised on a unitary principle. Dubrovnik, for instance, was never part of the Croatian lands - it was the independent Republic of Dubrovnik for centuries, and at the beginning of the 19th century it became an integral part of the Austrian province of Dalmatia. The Military Frontier was a separate political unit created from the territory of the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia for the protection of Habsburg lands against constant Ottoman raids and attacks. The Kingdom of Croatia was an administrative division (kingdom of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1527 to 1868 At the beginning of the 1880s it was returned to civilian Croatia. Serbian frontiersmen defended the Habsburg provinces from the Turks. In the territory that was part of the Military Frontier, the Serbs constituted an ethnic majority; this remained so until the Croatian War of Independence.

Serbs constituted a majority in the following counties: Donji Lapac (91. 79%), Gračac (72. 33%), Korenica (73. 48%), Udbina (73. 13%), Slunj (53. 19%), Vojnić (72. 18%), Dvor (87. 49%), Glina (65. 19%), Kostajnica (64. 16%), Topusko (85. 41%), Pakrac (50. 96%). A high percentage of the Serbs also lived in the following counties: Gospić (47. 54%), Otočac (48. 65%), Ogulin (47. 54%), Petrinja (49. 06%), Grubišno polje (46. 87%), Daruvar (32. 36%), Slatina (40. 79%), Ilok (43. 12%), Vukovar (36. 19%). [14]

World War II

Main articles: Yugoslav Front of World War II and Independent State of Croatia

World War II was a dark time for Serbs in Croatia. The Yugoslav Front of World War II, also known as the Yugoslav People's Liberation War ( Croatian, Serbian: Narodnooslobodilački rat, Cyrillic The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. The Axis powers occupied Yugoslavia, partially partitioning it and creating the Independent State of Croatia, with the Ustaše movement installed at its head. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: The Ustaše enacted racial laws aimed primarily against the Serbs. Catholic monks and priests, including Archbishop Sarić of Sarajevo (who was nicknamed the "Hangman of Serbs"),[15] supported forcible conversions and were largely silent about the killings. The regime set about a policy of "racial purification" against Serbs, Jews and Gypsies. It was declared that by the Ustaše authorities that one-third of the Serbian population would be deported, one-third converted to Roman Catholicism, and one third killed. Ustaše bands actively terrorized the countryside. In addition, the regime organized extermination camps, the most notorious of which is the Jasenovac concentration camp, where Serbs, Jews, Gypsies, and anti-fascist Croats were massacred in large numbers. Between 330,000[16] and 500,000[17] of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia were killed by the Ustaše during the war.

In the words of the new Srpska banka in creation "The Srpska Banka company was founded by a Croatian Serb family in Zagreb in 1895. Zagreb (ˈzɑːgrɛb is the Capital and the largest city of Croatia. It was the life's work of Saskijević family that had their property robbed first in the name of Croatian statehood by Ante Pavelic in World War II by Ante Pavelić, and after him in the name of creating socialism by Josip Broz (Tito). For the vice president of the National assembly of the State of Slovenes Croats and Serbs see Ante Pavelić (1869 Ante Pavelić ( July During the Yugoslav Wars Tudjman and Milosevic gave remaining property of the banks to their associates". [18]

Recent history

Yugoslav wars

Main articles: Yugoslav wars, Croatian War of Independence, and Serbs of Croatia Timeline
Republika Srpska Krajina
Republika Srpska Krajina

After the war

See also: International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

The war ended with a military success of the Croatian government in 1995 and subsequent peaceful reintegration of the remaining renegade territory in eastern Slavonia in 1998. The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and The Croatian War of Independence was a War in Croatia from 1991 to 1995 The Republic of Serbian Krajina abbreviated RSK (Република Српска Крајина РСК sometimes also translated "Republic of Serb Krajina" The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 The exodus of the Krajina Serbs in 1995 was prompted by the advance of the Croatian troops, but was mostly self-organized rather than forced. [19][20] All Serbs were officially called upon to stay in Croatia shortly before the operation,[21]

At the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia at The Hague, Milan Babić was indicted, pleaded guilty and was convicted for "persecutions on political, racial and religious grounds, a crime against humanity". The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Milan Babić (Милан Бабић February 26, 1956 &ndash March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the
Milan Babić stated during his trial that "during the events, and in particular at the beginning of his political career, he was strongly influenced and misled by Serbian propaganda". Milan Babić (Милан Бабић February 26, 1956 &ndash March 5, 2006) was from 1991 to 1995 the first President of the [22]

Social and judicial problems

During the final years of Croatia's "Tuđman era" (1990–1999), tensions between Croats and Serbs have been reduced, with significant problems remaining. Franjo Tuđman ( May 14, 1922 - December 10, 1999. Tuđman was elected to the position of President of Croatia by the Parliament The two pressing issues are high levels of official and societal discrimination against Serbs and the indeterminate position of hundreds of thousands of Serb refugees (some of whom have returned) who have not had their property restored or been compensated for their losses. New laws continue to be introduced to combat discrimination, demonstrating an effort on the part of authorities, but it will take time to assess their implementation and efficacy. Recent court decisions also suggest progress on property restoration and allocation of reconstruction funds to Serbs but, again, these are small advances relative to the size of the challenge. [23][24] Lengthy and in some cases unfair proceedings, particularly in lower level courts, remain a major problem for returnees pursuing their rights in court. Croatian Serbs continue to be discriminated against in access to employment and in realizing other economic and social rights. Some cases of violence and harassment against Croatian Serbs continue to be reported. [25]

The current reasons why many Serb refugees still have not returned vary:

In 2004/2005, the government of Serbia had about 140,000 refugees of unsolved status from Croatia registered on its territory. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country About 13,000 house repair demands were pending with the Croatian authorities. [26]

The property laws allegedly favor Croats who immigrated into the previously Serb-dominant areas after having been forced out of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Serbs. Under the current law, a person who occupies someone else's previously vacated house and does not have alternative accommodation (such as their own home or a place in a refugee camp), is allowed to stay in someone else's private property as a refugee, without being charged for squatting. Property is any physical or virtual entity that is owned by an individual The number of such individuals and families has dropped significantly in the 2000s, and a certain amount of property was returned to its previous owners. However, at the same time not all of the former refugees actually left the same houses, and instead remained in the occupied houses illegally. In 2004, the authorities noted around 1,400 houses still occupied by former refugees, and in 2005, this number was reduced to 385 housing units.

With regard to reparation of war damages, the plight of the Serbs is similar to the plight of the Croats - the money and/or resources offered by the government often amount to only a small fraction of the value of the people's properties prior to the war. In a recent public protest, a group of Serbs from Vukovar who had worked in the Borovo shoe factory demanded that their pre-war employment was honoured as it was for the Croatian employees which has stayed loyal to Croatia during war. Because during Krajina period Serb workers has made payment outside Croatia pension funds (in Krajina pension funds) state position is that they have lost this and many others workers rights. [5]

Successive peactime governments have worked with local Serb representatives to attempt to rectify war-related problems with the support of the international community and under the watch of the independent media. At the same time, cooperation on the lower levels has been lacking. The participation of the largest Serbian party SDSS in the Croatian Government of Ivo Sanader has eased tensions to an extent, but the refugee situation is still politically sensitive. The Independent Democratic Serbian Party (Самостална демократска српска странка Samostalna demokratska srpska stranka SDSS is a Social democratic The Government of the Republic of Croatia ( Vlada Republike Hrvatske) commonly abbreviated to Croatian Government ( Hrvatska Vlada) is the main element Ivo Sanader saˈnaːdɛr}} (formerly Ivica Sanader) (born June 8, 1953 in Split) is the current Prime Minister of Croatia In 2005 and 2006, the presidents Mesić of Croatia and Tadić of Serbia exchanged official visits and met with the respective national minorities of their respective countries. Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić (born December 24, 1934) is a Croatian politician Boris Tadić (Борис Тадић born January 15, 1958) is a Serbian politician and the current President of Serbia.

In the 2007 local national council elections, there were 274,968 eligible Croatian voters of Serb ethnicity for the County national councils. Only 23,325 voted or 8. 48%. For the civic national councils there were 131,717 registered Serb voters, 8,413 or 6. 39% voted. In the municipal Serb national councils with 76,697 eligible voters, 11,161 or 14. 55% voted.

See also

External links

"Censuses"]

References

  1. ^ census 2001
  2. ^ Estimated current population of Serbs originating from Croatia
  3. ^ Orthodox Religion
  4. ^ FACTBOX - Brief history of Croatia's rebel Serb Krajina region | World | Reuters
  5. ^ FACTBOX - Brief history of Croatia's rebel Serb Krajina region | World | Reuters
  6. ^ Population of Croatia 1931-2001
  7. ^ Yugoslavia Census
  8. ^ Croatia: Operation "Storm" - still no justice ten years on | Amnesty International
  9. ^ Soccerphile :: Croatia | Rangers Dado Prso
  10. ^ The Erdut Agreement
  11. ^ Stranica Društva Hrvatskih Srednjoškolskih Profesora
  12. ^ The New Encyclopedia Britannica, Edition 1986 Reference: EB, Edition 1986, Macropedia, Vol 29, page 1061 Entry: Yugoslavia, Croatia, History
  13. ^ The New Encyclopedia Britannica, Edition 1986 Reference: EB, Edition 1986, Macropedia, Vol. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The Croatian War of Independence was a War in Croatia from 1991 to 1995 This is a list of prominent ethnic Serbs and people from Serbia The Republic of Serbian Krajina abbreviated RSK (Република Српска Крајина РСК sometimes also translated "Republic of Serb Krajina" Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. 29, page 1061 Entry: Yugoslavia, Croatia, History
  14. ^ [Projekat Rastko] Slavenko Terzic - The Right to self-determination and the Serbian Question
  15. ^ Manfred and Anne Lehmann Foundation
  16. ^ Jasenovac
  17. ^ http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205930.pdf
  18. ^ A bank for the new Serbian elite in Croatia (English edition) – NACIONAL
  19. ^ FACTBOX - Brief history of Croatia's rebel Serb Krajina region | World | Reuters
  20. ^ Croatia
  21. ^ http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/oluja/950804/I040895141858.html<ref> and invited to return after the hostilities were concluded, with varying but increasing degrees of guarantees from the Croatian government. Everyone that participated in the rebellion but committed no crimes was pardoned by the government in 1997. {{Fact|date=April 2008}} [[Image:Martic-order1995. jpg|200px|thumb|right|August 4th order by the Serb Supreme Defence Council ordering evacuation of civilians from the main areas of RSK. ]]<br> Two thirds of the Serbs remain in exile. The other third either returned or had remained in Zagreb and other parts of Croatia not directly influenced by the war. Most Croat refugees returned to the territories formerly held by the Serbs. Many moved to homes abandoned by Serbs during Operation Storm, ostensibly because their homes were destroyed by the Serbs. <ref>[http://www. hrw. org/reports/1996/Croatia. htm#P495_133211 Croatia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</li> <li id="cite_note-21">'''[[#cite_ref-21|^]]''' http://www. un. org/icty/babic/trialc/judgement/index. htm Sentencing judgement for [[Milan Babić]]</li> <li id="cite_note-22">'''[[#cite_ref-22|^]]''' Human Rights Watch World Report: Croatia 2001-2003. </li> <li id="cite_note-23">'''[[#cite_ref-23|^]]''' [http://www. cidcm. umd. edu/mar/assessment. asp?groupId=34401 MAR | Data | Assessment for Serbs in Croatia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</li> <li id="cite_note-24">'''[[#cite_ref-24|^]]''' [http://www. amnestyusa. org/document. php?lang=e&id=ENGEUR640032005 Croatia: European Court of Human Rights to consider important case for refugee returns<!-- Bot generated title -->]</li> <li id="cite_note-25">'''[[#cite_ref-25|^]]''' [http://www. mfa. gov. yu/Bilteni/Engleski/b210606_e. html Daily Survey]</li></ol></ref>

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