Serbia

- Water (%) 0. The flag of Serbia is a Tricolour with Pan-Slavic colours, with three equal horizontal fields Red on the top Blue in the middle The Coat of Arms of Serbia is the same as the Coat of arms of the former Obrenović dynasty (first adopted in 1882; re-adopted in 2004 A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Bože pravde ( Serbian: Боже правде English: Lord Give Us Justice) is the official Anthem of Serbia. Demographics of Serbia Serbia is populated mostly by Serbs. Significant minorities include Albanians (who are a majority in Kosovo Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, A regional language is a Language spoken in an area of a Nation state, whether it be a small area a federal State or Province, or Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. The Slovak language ( slovenčina, slovenský jazyk, not to be confused with Slovenščina) sometimes referred to as "Slovakian" Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Rusyn (ry русинськый язык) is an East Slavic language (along with Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian, with which it shares Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco - A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which The President of Serbia is the Head of state of the Republic of Serbia. Boris Tadić (Борис Тадић born January 15, 1958) is a Serbian politician and the current President of Serbia. President of the Government of the Republic of Serbia ( Predsednik Vlade Republike Srbije) is the head of the Government of Serbia. Dr Vojislav Koštunica ( Serbian Cyrillic: Војислав Коштуница) (ˈvɔjislaːv kɔˈʃtunitsa born March 24, 1944, Belgrade Тhe medieval history of Serbia begins in the 5th century AD with the arrival of the Slavs in the Balkans and ends with the occupation of Serbia by the Ottoman Empire in 1459 Raška ( alternative spellings have included Raschka, Rascia and Rassa) was the central and most successful Medieval Serbian The Serbian Empire ( Serbian: Српско Царство Srpsko Carstvo) was a medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the medieval The First Serbian Uprising was a Serbian national Revolution which lasted for nine years and approx Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting See also Berlin Conference (1884-85 re Africa and Berlin Conference of 1954 (Cold War Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Also see Banat (disambiguation, Bačka (disambiguation, and Baranja (disambiguation The Banat Bačka and Baranja (Serbian Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора / Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora, abbreviated Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" 13

Population

- 2007 estimate 10,150,265

- 2002 census 7,498,000⁶

- Density 115/km² (94th)
297/sq mi

GDP (PPP) 2008 estimate

- Total $81. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 982 billion (IMF)

- Per capita $10 985

Gini (2007) . Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth 24 (low)

Currency Serbian dinar⁷ (RSD)

Time zone CET (UTC+1)

- Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)

Internet TLD .rs (.yu)⁸

Calling code +381

¹ All spoken in Vojvodina. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The dinar (genitive plural dinara, Serbian: динар динара is the currency of Serbia. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság
² Spoken in Kosovo.
³ Raška, preceded by Kingdom of Duklja (1077)
⁴To the Ottoman Empire and Kingdom of Hungary
⁵The Proclamation (of independence, 1809)
⁶ excluding Kosovo
⁷ The Euro is used in Kosovo alongside the Dinar. The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler Duklja or Diokletija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Дукља or Диоклетија; Latin: Doclea or Diocleia; The Proclamation ( Proglašenije/Πρоглашеније) of 1809 refers to the political document of Serbian revolution which marked the foundation of modern Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e
⁸ .rs became active in September 2007. Suffix .yu
will exist until September 2009.

Serbia (Serbian: Србија, Srbija), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија, Republika Srbija, listen (help·info)), is a landlocked country in Central and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, A landlocked country is commonly defined as one enclosed or nearly enclosed by land In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Pannonian Plain is a large Plain in Central Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea dried out Serbia is bordered by Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia and Albania^[1] to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the west. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Republic of Macedonia (Република This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The capital is Belgrade. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia.

Serbia is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the Council of Europe, and is an associate member of the European Union. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Council of Europe (Conseil de l'Europe is the oldest International organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949 In talks with countries who have expressed the wish to join the European Union (EU the EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

For centuries, shaped at cultural boundaries between East and West, a powerful medieval kingdom – later renamed the Serbian Empire – occupied much of the Balkans. The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various Cultures social structures and philosophical systems of " the East " The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings Тhe medieval history of Serbia begins in the 5th century AD with the arrival of the Slavs in the Balkans and ends with the occupation of Serbia by the Ottoman Empire in 1459 The Serbian Empire ( Serbian: Српско Царство Srpsko Carstvo) was a medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the medieval The Serbian Empire collapsed after wars with the Ottomans and Habsburgs beginning in the 16th century which captured its territories. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The modern Serbia emerged in 1817 following the Serbian revolution. The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian revolution or Revolutionary Serbia refers to the national and Social revolution of the Serbian people between 1804 and 1817 during Later, it retook territories lost to the Ottoman Empire, such as Kosovo, Raška and Vardar Macedonia. Raška (Рашка is a region in south-central Serbia. It is mostly situated in the Raška District. Vardar Macedonia ( Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija Bulgarian: Вардарска Formerly an autonomous Habsburg crownland, Vojvodina proclaimed its secession from Austria-Hungary on November 25, 1918 to unite with the Serbia, preceded by the Syrmia region. See also Vojvodina (disambiguation, Banat (disambiguation The Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat was a Voivodship ( Duchy) of the The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Also see Banat (disambiguation, Bačka (disambiguation, and Baranja (disambiguation The Banat Bačka and Baranja (Serbian Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler

The current borders of the country were established following the end of World War II, when Serbia became a federal unit within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Serbia became an independent state again in 2006, after Montenegro left the union that formed after the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1990s. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора / Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora, abbreviated

In February 2008, the parliament of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia. Serbia's government, as well as the UN Security Council, have not recognized Kosovo's independence. The response from the international community has been mixed.

See also: Controversy over Kosovo independence

1 Geography
- 1.1 Climate
- 1.2 National parks
2 History
3 Government and politics
- 3.1 Administrative subdivisions
4 Demographics
- 4.1 Religion
5 Economy
- 5.1 Infrastructure
6 Culture
- 6.1 Education
- 6.2 Holidays
7 Gallery
8 See also
9 References
10 External links

Geography

Main article: Geography of Serbia

Serbia is placed at the crossroads between Central, Southern and Eastern Europe, between the Balkan peninsula and the Pannonian plain. The unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo from Serbia has generated controversy in international politics Serbia is country located in the Balkans (a historical and geographical region of southeastern Europe) and in the Pannonian Plain (a region of Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The term Southern Europe can have four definitions geographical political climatic phytogeographic Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The Pannonian Plain is a large Plain in Central Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea dried out The country is intersected by several major navigable rivers: the Danube (2850km), Sava (945 km), Tisa (1358km), joined by the Timiş River (350 km) and Begej (254 km), all of which connect Serbia with Northern and Western Europe (through the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal – North Sea route), to Eastern Europe (via the Tisa–, Timiş–, Begej – and Danube – Black sea routes) and to Southern Europe (via the Sava river). The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Sava ( Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene: Sava; Serbian: Сава, Sava) is a river in "Tisa" redirects here For other uses see Tisa (disambiguation and Tisza (disambiguation. The Timiş or Tamiš (Timiş Serbian: Тамиш or Tamiš; German: Temesch; Hungarian: Temes) is The Bega ( Romanian: Bega, Serbian: Begej (Бегеј German: Bega, Hungarian: Béga) is a The Rhine-Main-Danube Canal (also called Main-Danube Canal, RMD Canal or Europa Canal) located in Bavaria The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The Timiş or Tamiš (Timiş Serbian: Тамиш or Tamiš; German: Temesch; Hungarian: Temes) is The Bega ( Romanian: Bega, Serbian: Begej (Бегеј German: Bega, Hungarian: Béga) is a The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Two largest Serbian cities- Belgrade^[2] and Novi Sad- are major regional Danubian harbours. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Novi Sad ( Cyrillic: Нови Сад 'nɔviː 'saːd; Hungarian: Újvidék Slovak The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj

Mountain ranges and major rivers of Serbia

The northern third of the country is located entirely within the Central European Pannonian plain. The Pannonian Plain is a large Plain in Central Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea dried out Easternmost tip of Serbia enters the Wallachian Plain. The Walachian Plain or the Romanian Plain (Câmpia Română is located in southern Romania. The northeastern border of the country is determined by the Carpathian Mountain range,^[3] which runs through the whole of Central Europe. The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Southern Carpathians meet the Balkan Mountains, following the course of Velika Morava, a 500 km long (partially navigable) river. The Southern Carpathians (Carpaţii Meridionali also called the Transylvanian Alps, are a group of Mountain ranges which divide central and southern Romania The Balkan Mountain range ( Bulgarian and Стара планина Stara planina, "Old Mountain" The Velika Morava or Great Morava ( Serbian Cyrillic: Велика Морава) is a final section of the Morava (Cyrillic Морава Midžor peak is the highest point in eastern Serbia at 2156 m. Midzhur (Миджур or Midžor (Миџор is a peak in the Balkan Mountains, situated on the border between Bulgaria and Serbia. In the southeast, the Balkan Mountains meet the Rhodope Mountains, connecting the country with Greece. The Balkan Mountain range ( Bulgarian and Стара планина Stara planina, "Old Mountain" The Rhodopes (Родопи Rodopi, usually used with a definite article Родопите Rodopite, sometimes also called Родопа Rodopa or Родопа Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Šar Mountain of Kosovo form the border with Albania, with one of the highest peaks in the region, Djeravica (2656 m). The Šar Mountains (Malet e Sharrit, Шар Планина Šar planina) is a Mountain range that extends from southern Kosovo and the northwest This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Đeravica is the highest mountain peak in Kosovo, with an altitude of and is part of the Bjeshkët e Nemuna mountain range which is part of the Dinaric Dinaric Alps of Serbia follow the flow of the Drina river (at 350 km navigable for smaller vessels only) overlooking the Dinaric peaks on the other side of the shore in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Dinaric Alps or Dinarides ( Croatian and Bosnian: Dinarsko gorje or Dinaridi, Alpet Dinaride The Drina ( Serbian and Bosnian: Дрина or Drina) is a river in the Balkan Peninsula. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan

Over one quarter of Serbia's overall landmass (27%) is covered by forest. ^[4]

Climate

The Serbian climate varies between a continental climate in the north, with cold winters, and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall patterns, and a more Adriatic climate in the south with hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy inland snowfall. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of Differences in elevation, proximity to the Adriatic sea and large river basins, as well as the exposure to the winds account for climate differences. ^[5] Vojvodina possesses typical continental climate, with air masses from Northern and Western Europe which shape its climatic profile. The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' South and Southwest Serbia is subject to Mediterranean influences, however the Dinaric Alps and other mountain ranges contribute cooling down the biggest part of warm air masses. The Dinaric Alps or Dinarides ( Croatian and Bosnian: Dinarsko gorje or Dinaridi, Alpet Dinaride Winters are quite harsh in Sandžak because of the mountains which encircle that plateau. Sandžak ( Serbian: Санџак Sandžak or Рашка Raška; Bosnian: Sandžak; Albanian: Sanxhak or ^[6]

Average annual air temperature for the period 1961–90 for the area with the altitude of up to 300 m amounts to 10. 9 °C. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The areas with the altitudes of 300 to 500 m have average annual temperature of around 10. 0 °C, and over 1000 m of altitude around 6. 0 °C. ^[7]

National parks

Serbia has 5 national parks:

Fruška Gora (250 km²)
Kopaonik (120 km²)
Tara (220 km²)
Đerdap (640 km²)
Šar Mountains (390 km²)

History

Main article: History of Serbia

Early history

Serbia's strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples. A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution Fruška Gora ( Serbian: Фрушка гора Fruška gora, Croatian: Fruška gora, Hungarian: Tarcal, Latin Kopaonik ( Albanian and Kopaonik; Cyrillic: Копаоник is one of the biggest mountain ranges of Kosovo and Serbia. Tara Mountain, part of the Outer Dinaric Alps, is located in western Serbia and stands at 1000-1500 meters above sea level For the Iron Gates built by Alexander the Great in the Alexander Romance, see Gates of Alexander. The Šar Mountains (Malet e Sharrit, Шар Планина Šar planina) is a Mountain range that extends from southern Kosovo and the northwest One of the first Serbian states Raška, was founded in the first half of the 7th century on Byzantine territory by the Unknown Belgrade is believed to have been leveled to the ground by 30 different armies in recorded history. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Contemporary Serbia comprises the classical regions of Moesia, Pannonia, parts of Dalmatia, Dacia and Macedonia Under nominal Serbian rule since the 7th century (having been allowed to settle in Byzantium by its emperor Heraclius after their victory over the Avars),^[8] through early history various parts of the territory of modern Serbia have been colonized, claimed or ruled by: the Greeks and Romans (conquered the indigenous Celts and Illyrians); the Western- and the Eastern Roman Empires (challenged by the incursions of the Huns, the Ostrogoths, the Gepidae, the Sarmatians, the Avars, the Serbs, the Frankish Kingdom, the Great Moravia, the Bulgarians). In the context of the art architecture and culture of Ancient Greece, the classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " Macedonia is a Geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Heraclius, or Herakleios (Flavius Heraclius Augustus;) (c 575 - February 11, 641) was a Byzantine Emperor, who ruled the East The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Illyrians has come to refer to a broad ill-defined " Indo-European " group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans ( Illyria, roughly The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Hunnic Empire, the empire of the Huns.The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes especially Turkic ones from the Steppes of The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late The Gepids (Gepidae Gifðas ( Beowulf, Widsith) - possibly from * Gibiðos, "givers" or gepanta, see below were The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες The Avar Khanate was a long-lived Muslim state which controlled Western Dagestan from the early 13th century to the 19th century Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire (imperium Francorum Frankish Kingdom (Latin regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the Great Moravia (see Name section was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century Bulgarian Empire (Българско царство Balgarsko tsarstvo ˈʦar No less than 17 Roman Emperors were born in the land that is now Serbia. The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC ^[9]

Medieval Serb kingdoms and the Serbian Empire

The House of Nemanjić, fresco from Visoki Dečani monastery

Serbian knight armor, around 1440, Military Museum (Belgrade)

Serbs formed their first unified state under the Vlastimirovic dynasty by 812, at times disrupted by the wars with the aforementioned states. Visoki Dečani ( Serbian: Манастир Високи Дечани or Manastir Visoki Dečani) is a major Serb Orthodox Christian monastery located in The Military Museum in Belgrade was founded in 1878. The museum has over 3000 ancient and modern items Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The House of Vlastimirović (Властимировићи Vlastimirovići) was named after knez (duke Vlastimir who was the great-great-grandson of the By the beginning of the 14th century Serbs lived in four distinctly independent kingdoms- Dioclea, Rascia, Bosnia and Syrmia. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Duklja or Diokletija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Дукља or Диоклетија; Latin: Doclea or Diocleia; Raška ( alternative spellings have included Raschka, Rascia and Rassa) was the central and most successful Medieval Serbian Historically and geographically the Region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna; Cyrillic: Босна lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging ^[10]^[11]^[12]

The Coronation of the Emperor Stefan Dušan in Skoplje, 1346

Golubac fortress overlooking the Danube river

At first heavily dependent on the Byzantine Empire as its tributary, in time the most powerful of the Serb states - Raška (Rascia) achieved full independence, overtaking the Kingdom of Duklja, which had previously dominated the Serbian lands between 11-12th centuries. Stefan Uroš IV Dušan ( c.1308 – 20 December 1355) called Silni ("the Mighty" was the King of Serbia (from Skopje (Скопје; Shkup or Shkupi is the Capital and largest city in the Republic of Macedonia, with more than a quarter of the population Golubac Fortress ( Serbian: Голубачки град or Golubački grad, Hungarian: Galambóc vára) was a Medieval fortified The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Raška ( alternative spellings have included Raschka, Rascia and Rassa) was the central and most successful Medieval Serbian Duklja or Diokletija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Дукља or Диоклетија; Latin: Doclea or Diocleia; The centre of the Serb world (Raska, Duklja, Travunia, Zahumlje, Pagania and Bosnia) moved northwards, further from the Adriatic coast. Although fully converted already by 865 AD,^[13]^[14] this relocation to the north and east also meant the shift towards the Eastern Orthodox rather than Catholic faith (initially predominant in the south following the East-West Schism). The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The East-West Schism, or the Great Schism, divided medieval Christendom into Eastern (Greek and Western (Latin branches which later became known as the

The Serbian apogee in economy, law, military, and religion took place during the rule of the House of Nemanjić between 1166 and 1371; the Serbian Kingdom was proclaimed in 1217, joined later by the Kingdom of Syrmia, Banovina of Mačva and Bosnia; finally, the Serbian Empire of Stefan Dušan was formed in 1346. The House of Nemanjić ( Serbian: Немањићи Nemanjići; Anglicised: Nemanyid; German: Nemanjiden) was a medieval The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler Stefan Dragutin (died March 12 1316) was King of Serbia from 1276 to 1282 and King of Srem from 1282 to 1316 The Banovina of Mačva was a province (banovina of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, which was located in the present-day Mačva region of Serbia. Historically and geographically the Region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna; Cyrillic: Босна lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging The Serbian Empire ( Serbian: Српско Царство Srpsko Carstvo) was a medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the medieval Stefan Uroš IV Dušan ( c.1308 – 20 December 1355) called Silni ("the Mighty" was the King of Serbia (from Under Dušan's rule, Serbia reached its territorial peak, becoming one of the larger states in Europe. Types of administrative and/or political territories include Many types of legally administered territories, each of which is a non-sovereign geographic area The renowned Dušan's Code, a universal system of laws, was enforced. Dušan's Code ( Modern Serbian: Душанов законик Dušanov zakonik) is a legal code one of two the most significant cultural-historical monuments of

As a result of internal struggle between rival noble families, and heavy losses inflicted by the Ottomans in the epic Battle of Kosovo, the Serbian Empire had dissolved into many statelets by the beginning of the 15th century. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation. The Serbian Empire ( Serbian: Српско Царство Srpsko Carstvo) was a medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the medieval Throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, constant struggles between various Serbian kingdoms on one side, and the Ottoman Empire on the other side, took place. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Serbian Despotate fell in 1459 following the siege of the "temporary" capital Smederevo, followed by Bosnia a few years later, and Herzegovina in 1482. The Serbian Despotate ( Serbian: Српска деспотовина or Srpska despotovina) was among the last Serbian states to be conquered by the Smederevo (Смедерево is a city and municipality in Serbia on the Danube at 44 Historically and geographically the Region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna; Cyrillic: Босна lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging Herzegovina ( Bosnian, Croatian: Hercegovina, Serbian: Херцеговина) is a traditionally Montenegro was overtaken by 1499. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! Belgrade was the last major Balkan city to endure Ottoman onslaughts, as it joined the Catholic Kingdom of Hungary. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 Serbs, Hungarians and European crusaders heavily defeated the Turkish in Siege of Belgrade of 1456. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents The Siege of Belgrade occurred from July 4 to July 22, 1456. After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman Several Serbian despots ruled in parts of Vojvodina as vassals of the Hungarian kings with the title of Hungarian barons. Despot (from δεσπότης despotēs; plural δέσποτες despotes; feminine δέσποινα despoina; in Bulgarian and Serbian The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság After repelling Ottoman attacks for over 70 years, Belgrade finally fell in 1521, alongside the greater part of the Kingdom of Hungary. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Conversion to Islam was increased, especially in the southwest (Raška, Kosovo and Bosnia). For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Raška (Рашка is a region in south-central Serbia. It is mostly situated in the Raška District. The Province of Bosnia or Pashaluk of Bosnia was a key Ottoman province the westernmost one mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia

Ottoman and Austrian rule

See also: Great Serb Migrations, Ottoman Serbia, and Habsburg Serbia

Medieval fortress of Bač, Vojvodina

Early modern period saw the loss of Serbia's independence to the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, interrupted shortly by the revolutionary state of the Emperor Jovan Nenad in the 16th century. The term Great Serb Migrations (Serbian Велике сеобе Срба/Velike seobе Srba refers to the two large migrations of Serbs from the Ottoman Empire to Wars for Serbia (1389 - 1540 The Turks defeated the Serbian army in two crucial battles on the banks of the river Marica in Serbia was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1718 to 1739 Bač (Бач, Bács is a town and municipality in South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság The early modern period is a term initially used by historians to refer mainly to the period roughly from 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe ( Early modern Europe) The Serbian Despotate ( Serbian: Српска деспотовина or Srpska despotovina) was among the last Serbian states to be conquered by the The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Emperor Jovan Nenad (c 1492 – July 26 1527; Цар Јован Ненад / Car Jovan Nenad, also spelled as Tsar Jovan Nenad in English Modern times witnessed the rise of the Habsburg Monarchy (known as the Austrian Empire, later Austria-Hungary), which fought many wars against the Ottoman Turks for supremacy over Serbia. The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also modern times) is the period of history that followed the Middle Ages between c Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Three Austrian invasions and numerous rebellions (such as the Banat Uprising) constantly challenged the Ottoman rule. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. The Serb uprising in Banat in 1594 was one of the three largest uprisings in the Serbian history and the largest one before the First Serbian Uprising, Vojvodina endured a century long Ottoman occupation before ceded to Habsburg Empire in the 17th-18th centuries by the decision of the Treaty of Karlowitz (Sremski Karlovci). The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The Treaty (Peace of Karlowitz (Karlovci was signed on January 26, 1699 in Sremski Karlovci ( Serbian Cyrillic: Сремски Карловци As the Great Serb Migrations have depopulated most of Kosovo and Serbia proper, the Serbs seeking refuge in more prosperous (and Christian) North and West were granted imperial rights by the Austrian crown (such as Statuta Wallachorum in 1630). The term Great Serb Migrations (Serbian Велике сеобе Срба/Velike seobе Srba refers to the two large migrations of Serbs from the Ottoman Empire to Political status The region of Central Serbia is not an administrative division of Serbia as such it is under the direct jurisdiction of the republic authorities Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Military Frontier (Military Border Military Krajina Vojna Krajina, Војна Крајина, Militärgrenze, Confiniaria militaria, Határőrvidék The Ottoman persecutions against Christians culminated with the abolition and plunder of the Patriarchate of Peć in 1766. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the The Patriarchate of Peć ( Serbian: Пећка патријаршија or Pećka Patrijaršija; Albanian: Patrikana e Pejës) is a Serbian ^[15] As the Ottoman rule in the South grew ever more brutal, the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I formally granted the Serbs the right to their autonomous crownland, speeding up their migrations into Austria. The Sanjak of Smederevo ( Serbian: Smederevski sandžak or Смедеревски санџак, Turkish: Semendire Sancağı) also The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Early life He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The term Great Serb Migrations (Serbian Велике сеобе Срба/Velike seobе Srba refers to the two large migrations of Serbs from the Ottoman Empire to

Serbian Revolution and independence (Principality of Serbia)

Karađorđe Petrović, leader of the First Serbian uprising in 1804

Flag of revolutionary Serbia

The quest for independence of Serbia began during the Serbian national revolution (1804-1817), and it lasted for several decades. Karađorđe Petrović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Карађорђе Петровић Anglicised: Karageorge Petrovitch) ( November 3, 1768 The First Serbian Uprising was a Serbian national Revolution which lasted for nine years and approx The First Serbian Uprising was a Serbian national Revolution which lasted for nine years and approx Serbian revolution or Revolutionary Serbia refers to the national and Social revolution of the Serbian people between 1804 and 1817 during During the First Serbian Uprising led by Karađorđe Petrović, Serbia was independent for almost a decade before the Ottoman army could reoccupy the country. The First Serbian Uprising was a Serbian national Revolution which lasted for nine years and approx Karađorđe Petrović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Карађорђе Петровић Anglicised: Karageorge Petrovitch) ( November 3, 1768 The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Shortly after this, the Second Serbian Uprising began; led by Miloš Obrenović, it ended in 1815 with a compromise between the Serbian revolutionary army and the Ottoman authorities. The Second Serbian Uprising (1815-1817 was a second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after Miloš Obrenović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Обреновић Anglicised: Milosh Obrenovich; also known as Miloš Teodorović) ( The Second Serbian Uprising (1815-1817 was a second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after Famous German historian Leopold von Ranke published his book "the Serbian revolution" (1829). Leopold von Ranke ( December 21, 1795 – May 23, 1886) was a German Historian of the 19th century and frequently considered ^[16] They were the easternmost bourgeois revolutions in the 19th-century world. ^[17] Likewise, Principality of Serbia abolished feudalism- second in Europe after France. The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ^[18]

The Convention of Ackerman (1828), the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) and finally, the Hatt-i Sharif of 1830, recognised the suzerainty of Serbia with Miloš Obrenović I as its hereditary Prince. The Hatt-i Sharif (Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane (Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber was an 1839 proclamation by Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I that Suzerainty (ˈsjuːzərənti RP or /ˈsjuːzəreɪnti/ RP) (/ˈsuːzərənti/ GA) is a situation in which a Region or people is a The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Miloš Obrenović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Обреновић Anglicised: Milosh Obrenovich; also known as Miloš Teodorović) ( Miloš Obrenović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Обреновић Anglicised: Milosh Obrenovich; also known as Miloš Teodorović) ( ^[19]^[20] The struggle for liberty, modern society and a nation-state in Serbia was crowned by the first constitution in the Balkans on 15 February 1835 (replaced by a more conservative Constitution in 1838). For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy Miloš Obrenović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Обреновић Anglicised: Milosh Obrenovich; also known as Miloš Teodorović) ( Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

Miloš Obrenović I, leader of the Second Serbian uprising in 1815

In two following decades (temporarily ruled by the Karadjordjevic dynasty) the Principality actively supported the neighbouring Habsburg Serbs, especially during the 1848 revolutions. Miloš Obrenović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Обреновић Anglicised: Milosh Obrenovich; also known as Miloš Teodorović) ( The Second Serbian Uprising (1815-1817 was a second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after The House of Karađorđević (Карађорђевићи Serbian Latin Karađorđevići House of Karageorgevich was a Serbian ruling Dynasty descended from The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the See also Vojvodina (disambiguation, Banat (disambiguation The Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat was a Voivodship ( Duchy) of the From March 1848 through July 1849 the Habsburg Austrian Empire was threatened by revolutionary movements Interior minister Ilija Garašanin published The Draft (of the South Slavic unification), which became the stand point of Serbian foreign policy from mid- 19th century onwards. Ilija Garašanin ( Serbian Cyrillic: Илија Гарашанин) (1812 &mdash 1874 was a politician in Serbia having considerable influence

Following the clashes between the Ottoman army and civilians in Belgrade in 1862 and pressured by the Great Powers, by 1867 the last Turkish soldiers left the Principality. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the By enacting a new constitution without consulting the Porte, Serbian diplomats confirmed the de facto independence of the country. Jovan Ristić, or Ristitch ( Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Ристић ( January 16, 1831 – September 4, 1899) was a In 1876, Montenegro and Serbia declared war against the Ottoman Empire, proclaiming their unification with Bosnia. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Historically and geographically the Region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna; Cyrillic: Босна lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging Formal independence of the country was internationally recognized at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, which formally ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78; this treaty, however, prohibited Serbia from uniting with Principality of Montenegro, and placed Bosnia and Raška region under Austro-Hungarian occupation to prevent the unification from happening. See also Berlin Conference (1884-85 re Africa and Berlin Conference of 1954 (Cold War The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered The Principality or Princedom of Montenegro was a principality in Southeastern Europe. Historically and geographically the Region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna; Cyrillic: Босна lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging The Sanjak of Novi Pazar ( Serbian, Bosnian: Новопазарски санџак Novopazarski sandžak; Turkish: Yeni Pazar sancağı ^[21]

Kingdom of Serbia/Crownland of Vojvodina

Two autonomous Serbias - Austrian and Ottoman Serbia, 1849

From 1815 to 1903, Serbia was ruled by the House of Obrenović (except from 1842 to 1858, when it was led by Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević). The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the The House of Obrenović ( Serbian: Обреновићи / Obrenovići, often spelled in English as Obrenovich or Obrenovitch ruled Serbia from Aleksandar Karađorđević ( Serbian Cyrillic Александар Карађорђевић ( October 11, 1806 – May 3, In 1882, Serbia, ruled by King Milan, was proclaimed a Kingdom. This is a list of Serbian monarchs. Notes Entries bounded within parentheses are for reference only for instance the Roman numerals keep counts of Stefans Milan Obrenović ( August 22, 1854 &ndash February 11, 1901) was a Serbian monarch reigning as Prince Milan IV of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler In 1903, the House of Karađorđević (the descendants of the revolutionary leader Đorđe Petrović) assumed power. The House of Karađorđević (Карађорђевићи Serbian Latin Karađorđevići House of Karageorgevich was a Serbian ruling Dynasty descended from Karađorđe Petrović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Карађорђе Петровић Anglicised: Karageorge Petrovitch) ( November 3, 1768 Serbia was the only country in the region that was allowed by the Great Powers to be ruled by their own domestic dynasties. A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale During the Balkan Wars (1912-1913), the Kingdom of Serbia tripled its territory by acquiring part of Macedonia,^[22] Kosovo, and parts of Serbia proper. The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League ( Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler

As for Vojvodina, during the 1848 revolution in Austria, Serbs of Vojvodina established an autonomous region known as the Serbian Vojvodina. From March 1848 through July 1849 the Habsburg Austrian Empire was threatened by revolutionary movements The Serbian Vojvodina ( Serbian Voivodship, Serbian Duchy, Srpska Vojvodina, Српска Војводина was a Serbian autonomous region within the As of 1849, the region was transformed into a new Austrian crownland known as the Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat. See also Vojvodina (disambiguation, Banat (disambiguation The Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat was a Voivodship ( Duchy) of the Although abolished in 1860, Habsburg emperors claimed the title Großwoiwode der Woiwodschaft Serbien until its unification with the Kingdom of Serbia in 1918. Grosswojwod (great voivod great duke is the German version official under the Habsburg monarchy in the case of the present Serbian autonomous region Vojvodina The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler

World War I and the birth of Yugoslavia

King Petar I Karađorđević leader of the Serbian Campaign (WWI)

Military alliances^[23] in Europe at the end of WWI

On June 28, 1914 the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria at Sarajevo in Bosnia-Herzegovina by Gavrilo Princip (a South Slav unionist, Austrian citizen and member of Young Bosnia) led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Kingdom of Serbia. The Serbian Campaign was fought from August 1914 when Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia at the outset of First World War, until the end of the war in Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Franz Ferdinand ( December 18, 1863 &ndash June 28, 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince Imperial of TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Though an Austro-Hungarian occupying force quickly subjugated initial armed resistance upon take-over in Bosnia and Herzegovina, tensions remained Gavrilo Princip ( Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип gaʋ'rilɔ 'prinʦip ( &ndash) was a Bosnian Serb and proclaimed himself to be a Yugoslav Young Bosnia ( Serbo-Croat: Млада Босна / Mlada Bosna) is a term that came into use in the Kingdom of the Serbs Croats and Slovenes after The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler In defense of its ally Serbia the Russian Empire started to mobilize its troops , which resulted in the German Empire declaring war on Russia (in support of Austria-Hungary). The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The retaliation by Austria-Hungary against Serbia activated a series of military alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations across the continent in what would become World War I within a month period. A military alliance is an agreement between two or more military factions related to Wartime planning commitments or contingencies such agreements can be both Causality (but not causation) denotes a necessary relationship between one event (called cause and another event (called effect) which is the direct consequence World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Monument to the Unknown Hero - in memory of the Serb soldiers fallen in the WWI

The Serbian Army won several major victories against Austria-Hungary at the beginning of World War I, such as the Battle of Cer and Battle of Kolubara - marking the first Allied victories against the Central Powers in WWI. The Monument to the Unknown Hero ( Serbian: Споменик Незнаном јунаку на Авали) is located atop Mt World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Serbian First Army (Српска Прва Армија / Srpska Prva Armija was a Serbian field Army that fought during World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Battle of Cer also known as Battle of Jadar (main operations were held near the estuary of the Jadar river The Battle of Kolubara was a major battle in Balkans during World War I. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose The Central Powers ( German: "Mittelmächte" Hungarian: "Központi hatalmak" Turkish: "İttifak World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All ^[24] Despite initial success eventually it was overpowered by the joint forces of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria in 1915. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Most of its army and some people went to exile to Greece and Corfu where it healed, regrouped and returned to Macedonian front (World War I) to lead a final breakthrough through enemy lines on September 15, 1918, freeing Serbia again and defeating Austro-Hungarian Empire and Bulgaria. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Corfu (Κέρκυρα Kérkyra, ˈkʲe̞ɾkʲiɾa Κέρκυρα or Κόρκυρα Corcyra Corfù is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea The Macedonian Front (or Salonika front) resulted from an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the autumn of 1915 against the combined attack Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian ^[25] Serbia (with its major campaign) was a major Balkan Entente Power^[26] which contributed significantly to the Allied victory in the Balkans in November 1918. The Serbian Campaign was fought from August 1914 when Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia at the outset of First World War, until the end of the war in The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The country was militarilly classified as minor Entente power. ^[27]

Casualties

Serbian soldiers were 8% of the total killed Entente forces in WWI. Land Forces ( Serbian: Копнена Војска - КоВ or Kopnena Vojska - KoV) is the largest and the oldest army branch of Serbia. The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Prior to the war, the Kingdom of Serbia had 4. 5 million inhabitants. ^[28] According to the New York Times, in 1915 alone 150,000 people are estimated to have died during the worst typhus epidemics in world's history; aided by the American Red Cross and 44 foreign governments, the disease was suppressed by the end of the year. Typhus is any of several similar diseases caused by Louse -borne bacteria The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside ^[29] According to FirstWorldWar. com, the number of civilian deaths is estimated at 650,000, primarily due to the typhus outbreak and famine, but also direct clashes with the occupiers. Typhus is any of several similar diseases caused by Louse -borne bacteria A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation ^[30] Kingdom of Serbia ranked first among the Entente powers by the percentage of military deaths; 8% of the total Entente military deaths or 58% of the Serbian Army (420,000 strong) has perished during the conflict. The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler The Serbian First Army (Српска Прва Армија / Srpska Prva Armija was a Serbian field Army that fought during World War I. ^[31] The total number of casualties ranges anywhere between 700,000 and 900,000- over 20% of Serbia's prewar size, and over ⅓ of its male population. L. A. Times and N. Y. Times placed the figure at over one million in their respective articles. ^[32]^[33]

The extent of the Serbian demographic disaster can be illustrated by the statement of the Bulgarian Prime Minister Vasil Radoslavov: "Serbia ceased to exist" (New York Times, summer 1917). Vasil Radoslavov (Васил Радославов ( 27 July 1854 - 21 October 1929) was a leading Bulgarian liberal politician ^[34] In July 1918 the US Secretary of State Robert Lansing urged the Americans of all religions to pray for Serbia in their respective churches. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs For the actor see Robert Lansing (actor. Robert Lansing ( October 17, 1864 &ndash October 30, 1928 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Serbian Campaign was fought from August 1914 when Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia at the outset of First World War, until the end of the war in ^[35]^[36]

This article is part of the series on the History of Serbia
Medieval Serbia
Rascia Zeta Doclea,Zachlumia,Travunia,Paganija
Serbian Empire
Moravian Serbia
Battle of Kosovo
Serbian Despotate
Ottoman/Habsburg Serbia
First Habsburg Serbia
Second Habsburg Serbia
Revolutionary Serbia
Modern Serbia
Principality of Serbia
Kingdom of Serbia
Serbian Campaign (World War I)
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Serbia (1941-1944)
Republic of Užice
Socialist Republic of Serbia (as part of SFR Yugoslavia)
FR Yugoslavia
Serbia and Montenegro
Republic of Serbia
This box: view • talk • edit

Kingdom of Yugoslavia ("First Yugoslavia")

See also: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Syrmia region was the first among former Habsburg lands to declare union with the Kingdom of Serbia on November 24, 1918. One of the first Serbian states Raška, was founded in the first half of the 7th century on Byzantine territory by the Unknown Тhe medieval history of Serbia begins in the 5th century AD with the arrival of the Slavs in the Balkans and ends with the occupation of Serbia by the Ottoman Empire in 1459 Raška ( alternative spellings have included Raschka, Rascia and Rassa) was the central and most successful Medieval Serbian Zeta (Serbian Cyrillic Зета, Latin Zenta) was a principality whose territory was mostly Serbian territories that approximately encompass present-day Doclea can refer to Doclea (city, ancient Illyrian and Roman city Duklja, medieval Slavic principality Zachlumia ( Croatian: Zahumlje Serbian: Захумље also known as the Land of the Hum and Chelm, was a Medieval Travunia ( Serbian: Травунија or Травуња Transliterations: Travunija, Travunja; Latin: Terbounia) was a Pagania, Merania or Neretvia (the Narentine Frontier, Ancient Greek:, Italian: Narentani The Serbian Empire ( Serbian: Српско Царство Srpsko Carstvo) was a medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the medieval Moravian Serbia ( Serbian: Моравска Србија Moravska Srbija) was the most important of the Serbian states that emerged from the collapse of the This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation. The Serbian Despotate ( Serbian: Српска деспотовина or Srpska despotovina) was among the last Serbian states to be conquered by the Wars for Serbia (1389 - 1540 The Turks defeated the Serbian army in two crucial battles on the banks of the river Marica in Serbia was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1718 to 1739 Kočina Krajina Serb rebellion was an uprising of Serbs against the Ottoman Empire from Feb 1788 - 7 Sep 1788 Serbian revolution or Revolutionary Serbia refers to the national and Social revolution of the Serbian people between 1804 and 1817 during Serbia gained its autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in two revolutions in 1804 and 1815, though Turkish troops continued to garrison the capital Belgrade The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler The Serbian Campaign was fought from August 1914 when Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia at the outset of First World War, until the end of the war in The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija Several months after the occupation and division of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis Powers in World War II, the territory of Serbia became known as Militärverwaltung The Republic of Užice ( Serbo-Croatian: Ужичка република Užička Republika) was a short-lived military mini-state that existed in Autumn Socialist Republic of Serbia ( Serbo-Croatian: Социјалистичка Република Србија Socijalistička Republika Srbija) was a Socialist The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора / Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora, abbreviated The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Banat, Bačka and Baranja- (Vojvodina)- joined the Kingdom on the next day. Also see Banat (disambiguation, Bačka (disambiguation, and Baranja (disambiguation The Banat Bačka and Baranja (Serbian The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság
- On November 26, 1918, Kingdom of Montenegro declared its unification with the Kingdom of Serbia. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Montenegro ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Црнa Горa or Kraljevina Crna Gora) was a kingdom in southeastern Europe The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler
  - On December 1, 1918, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia joined the unitary Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia). Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The State of Slovenes Croats and Serbs was a short-lived state formed from the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy after its dissolution at the end of The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija King Peter I of Serbia became King Peter I of Yugoslavia.

World War II

Coup d'état

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was in a precarious position in World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Fearing an invasion by Nazi Germany, Yugoslav Regent Prince Paul signed the Tripartite Pact with the Axis powers on 25 March 1941, triggering massive demonstrations in Belgrade. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Prince Paul of Yugoslavia ( Serbian:Павле/Pavle ( April 27 1893 – September 11 1976) of the Serbian later Yugoslav Royal The Tripartite Treaty (1906 also refers to a 1906 treaty concerning the Nile river (see Hydropolitics in the Nile Basin. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. On March 27, Prince Paul was overthrown by a military coup d'état (with British support) and replaced with the 17-year-old King Peter II. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Prince Paul of Yugoslavia ( Serbian:Павле/Pavle ( April 27 1893 – September 11 1976) of the Serbian later Yugoslav Royal Peter II of Yugoslavia, known also as Petar II Karađorđević ( Cyrillic: Краљ Петар II Карађорђевић (6 September 1923 – 3 November 1970 General Dušan Simović became Peter's Prime Minister and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia withdrew its support for the Axis. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries

In response to this Adolf Hitler launched an invasion of Yugoslavia on April 6. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus By April 17, an unconditional surrender was signed in Belgrade. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. After the invasion, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was dissolved and Serbia was set up as a Nazi German-occupied puppet state. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power In 1941, Serbia included present-day Central Serbia and the Banat. Political status The region of Central Serbia is not an administrative division of Serbia as such it is under the direct jurisdiction of the republic authorities The Banat was a political entity established after occupation and partition of Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis Powers. This German client state was popularly known as "Nedić's Serbia" due to its head of state, Milan Nedić. Client state is one of several terms used to describe the subordination of one state to a more powerful state in international affairs Several months after the occupation and division of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis Powers in World War II, the territory of Serbia became known as Militärverwaltung Milan Nedić ( Serbian Cyrillic Милан Недић ( September 2, 1878 &ndash February 4, 1946) was a Serbian While this state formally recognized King Peter II of Yugoslavia as its monarch, he instead headed the Yugoslav government in exile which was generally recognized by the Allies. A king is a male Monarch, or a Head of state, who may or may not depending on the style of government of a nation exercise monarchal powers over a territory usually Peter II of Yugoslavia, known also as Petar II Karađorđević ( Cyrillic: Краљ Петар II Карађорђевић (6 September 1923 – 3 November 1970 The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War.

Not all of what is present-day Serbia was included as part of "Nedić's Serbia. " Some of the contemporary Republic of Serbia was occupied by the Kingdom of Croatia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Bulgaria, the Fascist Italy's Balkan protectorates, the Albanian Kingdom and the Kingdom of Montenegro. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. The Kingdom of Bulgaria (Царство България was established on October 5, 1908 ( September 22 O The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect Albania existed as a Protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy officially known as the Albanian Kingdom ( Gheg Albanian: Mbretnija Shqiptare Montenegro existed as a puppet Protectorate of Fascist Italy, as a component of the Italian Empire ( 1941 - 1943. In addition to being occupied by the (Wehrmacht), from 1941 to 1945, Serbia was the scene of a civil war between Royalist Chetniks commanded by Draža Mihailović and Communist Partisans commanded by Josip Broz Tito. Wehrmacht (literally "defense force" was the name of the unified Armed forces of Germany from 1935 to 1945 A civil war is a War between a State and domestic political actors that are in control of some part of the territory claimed by the state The Chetnik movement or the Chetniks ( Serbian: Četnici, Cyrillic script: Четници were a Serbian -nationalist/ royalist Dragoljub "Draža" Mihailović ( Cyrillic script: Драгољуб "Дража" Михаиловић also known as "Чича Дража" or " Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani Against these forces were arrayed Nedić's units of the Serbian Volunteer Corps and Serbian State Guard. The Serbian Volunteer Corps or SDK (Српски Добровољачки Корпус or Srpski Dobrovoljački Korpus in Serbian, or Serbisches Serbian State Guard ( Serbian: Српска државна стража Srpska Državna Straža) also known as nedićevci was the name of the pro-nazi

Persecution of Serbs

Main article: World War II persecution of Serbs

Memorial signs with Serbian claims of victim counts, situated on the Republika Srpska side of the Sava river

Serbs, Jews, and Roma were massive murdered in the neighboring Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, or NDH, or Kingdom of Croatia) were subjected to large-scale persecution and killings, particularly in the Jasenovac concentration camp. During World War II, between 500000 and 750000 Serbs were killed Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Република Српска Republika Srpska ( often abbreviated PC or RS) also Српска Srpska Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. The Independent State of Croatia ( Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH was a Puppet state of the Axis powers. That Ustashe's concentration camps were fully organized by Croats and their authorities. For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries They had Jadovno concentration camp only for children. Estimated number of dead Serbian children are between 35,000 and 50,000. United States Holocaust Encyclopedia^[37] and Jewish Virtual Library^[38] estimate that there were between Serb victims in Jasenovac and between 330,000 and 390,000 . The Yad Vashem center reports that over 500,000 Serbs were killed in the entire NDH. ^[39], with some 600,000 people of many nationalities and ethnicities murdered in one camp Jasenovac. ^[40] After the war, the official Yugoslav sources estimated over 700,000 victims, mostly Serbs. Croats want to minimize Serbian victims.

At the commemoration to the casualties in April 2003, Croatian president Stjepan Mesic apologized to the victims of Jasenovac. Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić (born December 24, 1934) is a Croatian politician ^[41] In 2006, on the same occasion, he added that to every visitor to Jasenovac it must be clear that the Holocaust, genocide and war crimes took place there. ^[42]

Communist Yugoslavia ("Second Yugoslavia")

On November 29, 1945, the "Constitutional Assembly" has proclaimed the abolition of the Serbian-led monarchy- without a popular referendum^[43] - and the royal family banned from returning to the country. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija ^[44]^[45] New communist dictatorship has been imposed, with Serbia as one of 6 federal units of the new state -"Second Yugoslavia," the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija, or SFRJ). The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Republic was led by Josip Broz Tito, an ethnic Croat, until his death in 1980. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Serbia's borders have been decimated in other republics's interest; so called Serbia proper was only a fraction of Serbia's 1918 size (56,124km²), with Croatia surpassing Serbia in terms of territory (56,546km²). Political status The region of Central Serbia is not an administrative division of Serbia as such it is under the direct jurisdiction of the republic authorities Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Further on, the Constitution of 1974 has stripped Serbia off its influence over its two regional parliaments in Kosovo and Vojvodina, allowing them to represent themselves independently from Belgrade in the federal Parliament. The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. ^[46]

Lazar Koliševski, a Macedonian, became President briefly upon Tito's death and was followed by others who also held office briefly as the SFRJ slowly dissolved. Lazar Koliševski (Лазар Колишевски) ( 12 February 1914 – 6 July 2000) was a Communist political leader in Socialist In 1989, the League of Communists of Serbia selected Slobodan Milošević to become the President of Serbia. The League of Communists of Serbia was the Serbian branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the sole legal party of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1990 The President of Serbia is the Head of state of the Republic of Serbia. Milošević was controversial in Yugoslavia because he opposed Kosovo's autonomy and that his rise to power through the Anti-bureaucratic revolution was done through mass protests which pushed out the leadership of the autonomous provinces and also the republic of Montenegro which installed politicians allied to Milošević. The term " Anti-bureaucratic revolution " refers to a series of mass Protests against governments of Yugoslavian republics and autonomous provinces during Milošević also aggravated the situation in post-Tito Yugoslavia by alleging that certain politicians in Yugoslavia were anti-Serb. His pressure to change the constitution to limit Kosovo's autonomy and endorsing a one-member-one-vote system in the Yugoslav League of Communists congress which would give a numerical majority to the Serbs deteriorated relations in the League of Communists which collapsed along republican lines. With Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina all working to secede from the SFRJ, and no official leadership of the SFRJ from 1991 to 1992, the President of Serbia was essentially the same as being the President of Yugoslavia. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The Republic of Macedonia (Република Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan

Federation of Serbia and Montenegro ("Third Yugoslavia") and the Kosovo War

By 1992, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina had all declared independence from Yugoslavia, resulting in the collapse of the SFRJ and the outbreak of war. In response, Serbia and Montenegro formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Savezna Republika Jugoslavija, or SRJ). The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state The Serbian government initially supported the Serbs of Croatia and the Bosnian Serbs in the Yugoslav wars fought from 1991 to 1995. Serbs are the largest National minority in the Republic of Croatia. Serbs are one of the three constitutive nations of Bosnia-Herzegovina, predominantly concentrated in the Republic of Srpska The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and As a result, sanctions were imposed by the United Nations, which led to political isolation and economic decline of the SRJ. International sanctions are actions taken by Countries against others for political reasons either Unilaterally or Multilaterally. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security ^[47]

In 1995, the Dayton Agreement was signed in Paris, France. The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This agreement ended the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the war in Croatia. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 The Croatian War of Independence was a War in Croatia from 1991 to 1995 For the time being, the SRJ was officially at peace.

Between 1998 and 1999, Serbia's official peace was broken when the situation in Kosovo worsened with continued clashes in Kosovo between the Serbian and Yugoslavian security forces on one side and the ethnic Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) on the other. The Kosovo Liberation Army or KLA ( Albanian: Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës or UÇK) was a Kosovar Albanian guerilla group which sought What became known as the Kosovo War prompted "Operation Allied Force. The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (code-named Operation Allied Force) was NATO 's military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that " This operation included aerial bombardment of Serbia by forces of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The North Atlantic Treaty The bombings lasted for 78 days. The bombings were ended following negotiations on the border between the Republic of Macedonia and the SRJ. The Republic of Macedonia (Република The negotiations were held between NATO spokesperson Mike Jackson and SRJ officials speaking on behalf of Milošević. General Sir Michael David "Mike" Jackson GCB, CBE, DSO, DL, (born 21 March 1944) is a British It was agreed that Milošević would order the withdrawal of all SRJ security forces, including the military and the police, and agree to have them replaced by a body of international police. The agreement upheld Yugoslavian (later Serbian) sovereignty over Kosovo but replaced Serbian government of the province with a UN administration, the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is the interim civilian administration in Kosovo, under the authority of the United The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is the interim civilian administration in Kosovo, under the authority of the United NATO also agreed to end its demand to station NATO troops across the whole of the SRJ. This had been one of its demands at the Rambouillet negotiations prior to the bombing campaign. ^[48]

Democratic transition

In September 2000, opposition parties claimed that Milošević committed fraud in routine federal elections. Street protests and rallies throughout Serbia eventually forced Milošević to concede and hand over power to the recently formed Democratic Opposition of Serbia (Demokratska opozicija Srbije, or DOS). The Democratic Opposition of Serbia ( Демократска oпозиција Cрбије, ДОС; Demokratska opozicija Srbije, DOS) was a wide The DOS was a broad coalition of anti-Milošević parties. On 5 October, the fall of Milošević led to end of the international isolation Serbia suffered during the Milošević years. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople The 5th October Overthrow (sometimes colloquially called the Bulldozer Revolution) is a term referring to the series of events that occurred in 2000 in the Federal Republic Serbia's new leaders announced that Serbia would seek to join the European Union (EU). The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in In October 2005, the EU opened negotiations with Serbia for a Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA), a preliminary step towards joining the EU. In talks with countries who have expressed the wish to join the European Union (EU the EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

From 2003 to 2006, Serbia has been part of the "State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. " This union was the successor to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SRJ).

On May 21, 2006, Montenegro held a referendum to determine whether or not to end its union with Serbia. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The next day, state-certified results showed 55. 4% of voters in favor of independence. This was just above the 55% required by the referendum. ^[49]

From 1918 to 2006 Serbia was a major component of the various South Slavic states, including the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1941 (renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929), the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1992, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 2003, and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 to 2006. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора / Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora, abbreviated ^[50]^[51]

Republic of Serbia

On June 5, 2006, following the referendum in Montenegro, the National Assembly of Serbia declared the "Republic of Serbia" to be the legal successor to the "State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The unicameral Parliament of Serbia is known as the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: Народна "^[52] Serbia and Montenegro became separate nations. However, the possibility of a dual citizenship for the Serbs of Montenegro is a matter of the ongoing negotiations between the two governments. In April 2008 Serbia was offered to enter the intensified dialogue programme with NATO despite the diplomatic rift with the Alliance over Kosovo. Intensified Dialogue with NATO is viewed as a stage before being invited to enter the alliance Membership Action Plan (MAP while the latter should eventually lead The North Atlantic Treaty ^[53]

Government and politics

Main article: Politics of Serbia

See also: Foreign relations of Serbia, Elections in Serbia, Human rights in Serbia, and Constitutional status of Kosovo

National Assembly of Serbia

On February 4, 2003 the parliament of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia agreed to a weaker form of cooperation between Serbia and Montenegro within a confederal state called Serbia and Montenegro. Politics of Serbia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Serbia is Due to the Montenegrin independence referendum from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will be inherited along with all of its holdings Serbia elects on national level a Legislature and a president Asylum seekers Serbia has a UN facility at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport for applicants for asylum in accordance with international policies The political status of Kosovo is the subject of a long-running political and territorial dispute between the Serbian (and previously the Yugoslav) The unicameral Parliament of Serbia is known as the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: Народна Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro (Скупштина Србије и Црне Горе/Skupština Srbije i Crne Gore was the national assembly of Serbia and Montenegro A confederation is a group of empowered states or communities usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution The Union ceased to exist following Montenegrin and Serbian declarations of independence in June 2006.

After the ousting of Slobodan Milošević on October 5, 2000, the country was governed by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Democratic Opposition of Serbia ( Демократска oпозиција Cрбије, ДОС; Demokratska opozicija Srbije, DOS) was a wide Tensions gradually increased within the coalition until the Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS) left the government, leaving the Democratic Party (DS) in overall control. The Democratic Party of Serbia ( Serbian: Демократска странка Србије or Demokratska stranka Srbije) is the largest Conservative The Democratic Party (Демократска странка Demokratska stranka,) is the main Center-left Political party in Serbia.

Serbia held a two-day referendum on October 28 and October 29, 2006, that ratified a new constitution to replace the Milošević-era constitution. A referendum on a proposed draft of the new Serbian constitution was held on October 28 and 29 October 2006 and has resulted in the draft constitution Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

The current President of Serbia is Boris Tadić, leader of the center-left Democratic Party (DS). The President of Serbia is the Head of state of the Republic of Serbia. Boris Tadić (Борис Тадић born January 15, 1958) is a Serbian politician and the current President of Serbia. The Democratic Party (Демократска странка Demokratska stranka,) is the main Center-left Political party in Serbia. He was reelected with 50,5% of the vote in the second round of the Serbian presidential election held on February 4, 2008. A pre-term presidential election was held in Serbia on January 20 and February 3 2008 Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

Serbia held Parliamentary elections on January 21, 2007. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The right-wing Serbian Radical Party claimed victory, but no party has won an absolute majority. The Serbian Radical Party (Српска радикална странка or Srpska radikalna stranka, SRS is a Nationalist right-wing Political party Following last-minute negotiations on the part of the DS and DSS political parties, an agreement was reached on the make-up of the country's new government on 11 May 2007 between DS, DSS and G17 Plus. ^[54]

On March 13, 2008 the Serbian government collapsed when "President Boris Tadic dissolved parliament Thursday and called early elections for May 11"^[55] citing the growing rift between himself and nationalist Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica over membership in the EU and Kosovo's Independence. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The government's collapse came less than a month after ethnic Albanian majority Kosovo unilaterally proclaimed independence from Serbia, which considers the territory its historic heartland.

Administrative subdivisions

Main article: Subdivisions of Serbia

Serbia's borders (recognized by UN^[56])

Serbia is divided into 24 districts plus the City of Belgrade. The territorial organization of the Republic of Serbia is regulated by the Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government adopted in the Assembly of Serbia The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security See also Subdivisions of Serbia Districts (Окрузи Okruzi) are the Administrative units of Serbia, comprising several municipalities Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. The districts and the City of Belgrade are further divided into municipalities. See also Subdivisions of Serbia There are 200 municipalities in Serbia: 124 in Central Serbia, 46 in Vojvodina and 30 in Kosovo Serbia has 2 autonomous provinces: Vojvodina with (7 districts, 46 municipalities) and Kosovo and Metohija. The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Kosovo has declared independence but is still presently under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo; international negotiations began in 2006 to determine its final status (See Kosovo status process); Kosovo declared its independence on February 17, 2008, which Belgrade opposes. The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is the interim civilian administration in Kosovo, under the authority of the United During and after the breakup of Yugoslavia there were increasing ethnic and regional conflicts culminating in the Kosovo War of 1999 Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

The part of Serbia that is neither in Kosovo nor in Vojvodina is called Central Serbia. Political status The region of Central Serbia is not an administrative division of Serbia as such it is under the direct jurisdiction of the republic authorities Central Serbia is not an administrative division, unlike the two autonomous provinces, and it has no regional government of its own. In English this region is often called "Serbia proper" to denote "the part of the Republic of Serbia not including the provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo", as the Library of Congress puts it. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Political status The region of Central Serbia is not an administrative division of Serbia as such it is under the direct jurisdiction of the republic authorities The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress ^[57] This usage was also employed in Serbo-Croatian during the Yugoslav era (in the form of "uža Srbija", literally: "narrow Serbia"). The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem Its use in English is purely geographical, without any particular political meaning being implied.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Serbia

See also: Demographic history of Serbia, Demographic history of Vojvodina, and Demographic history of Kosovo

Ethnic map of Serbia according to the 2002 Census

Serbia (Census 2002, excluding Kosovo): 7,498,001^[58]
- Central Serbia: 5,466,009
- Vojvodina: 2,031,922

Serbia (excluding Kosovo) in 2002

Serbs			82. Demographics of Serbia Serbia is populated mostly by Serbs. Significant minorities include Albanians (who are a majority in Kosovo This article presents the demographic history of Serbia through Census results Vojvodina 's demographic history reflects its rich history and its former location at the border of the Ottoman and Habsburg empires and at the confluence Kosovo has an estimated population of 21 million (as of 2007 The dominant ethnic group is Albanian (92% with significant minorities of Serbs and others Political status The region of Central Serbia is not an administrative division of Serbia as such it is under the direct jurisdiction of the republic authorities The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság 86%
Hungarians			3. 91%
Bosniaks			1. 82%
Roma			1. 44%
Yugoslavs			1. 08%
Other			9. 79%

Serbia is populated mostly by Serbs. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Significant minorities include Hungarians, Bosniaks, Roma, Croats, Czechs and Slovaks, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Romanians, etc. Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Czechs (Češi ˈt͡ʃɛʃɪ archaic Čechové) are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic } The Slovaks or Slovakians are a western Slavic People that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is Montenegrins ( Serbian: Црногорци/ Crnogorci) are a South Slavic people closely akin to the Serbs, associated to Montenegro The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people The Bulgarians (българи balgari) are a South Slavic people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni The northern province of Vojvodina is ethnically and religiously diverse. The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság

According to the last official census^[59] data collected in 2002, ethnic composition of Serbia is:

Total: 7,498,001
- Serbs: 6,212,000 (82. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, 86%)
- Hungarians: 293,172 (3. Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. 91%)
- Bosniaks: 136,464 (1. The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" 82%)
- Roma: 107,971 (1. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins 44%)
- Yugoslavs: 80,978 (1. Yugoslavs ( Bosnian: Jugosloveni/Jugoslaveni; Macedonian and Serbian: Југословени Jugosloveni; Croatian 08%)
- Croats: 70,602 (0. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries 94%)
- Slovaks: 57,900 (0. } The Slovaks or Slovakians are a western Slavic People that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is 89%)
- Others (each less than 1%): 474,323 (6. 33%)

According to the poll conducted on January 1, 2006 by the Yugoslav Survey Society Serbia had 7,395,600 inhabitants - a 1. 5% decrease comparing to the 2002 Census. ^[60]

The census was not conducted in Serbia's southern province of Kosovo, which is under administration by the United Nations. According to the EU estimates however, the overall population is estimated at 1,350,000 inhabitants, of whom 90% are Albanians, 8% Serbs and others 2%. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in There are also around 200,000 Serbian and other refugees,who are expelled from Kosovo. Refugees and IDPs in Serbia form between 7% and 7. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race 5% of its population – about half a million refugees sought refuge in the country following the series of Yugoslav wars (from Croatia mainly, to an extent Bosnia and Herzegovina too and the IDPs from Kosovo, which are the most numerous at over 200,000)^[61] Serbia has the largest refugee population in Europe. The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan ^[62]

Cities

Main article: List of cities in Serbia

Belgrade, the capital city

Panoramic view of Novi Sad

The main square in Niš

Major cities (over 50,000 inhabitants in urban area) — 2002 census data (2005/2006 data for Novi Sad/Belgrade^[63]). This is the list of cities and towns in Serbia, according to the criteria used by Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, which classifies the settlements into Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Novi Sad ( Cyrillic: Нови Сад 'nɔviː 'saːd; Hungarian: Újvidék Slovak

City	Population
City	Urban	Metropolitan
Belgrade	1,576,124	1,689,667
Priština	500,000	600,000
Novi Sad	255,071	333,895
Niš	236,722	252,131
Kragujevac	175,473	211,580
Subotica	99,471	147,758
Zrenjanin	79,545	131,509
Leskovac	78,030	156,252
Smederevo	77,808	109,867
Pančevo	77,087	127,162
Kruševac	75,256	131,368
Čačak	73,217	117,012
Užice	63,577	83,022
Valjevo	61,035	96,761
Kraljevo	57,411	121,707
Šabac	55,240	122,893
Vranje	55,052	87,288
Novi Pazar	54,604	85,249
Sombor	51,471	97,263
Sremska Mitrovica	39,041	85,605

Religion

Main article: Religion in Serbia

Serbia (excluding Kosovo) in 2002
religion			percent
Eastern Orthodoxy			84. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Novi Sad ( Cyrillic: Нови Сад 'nɔviː 'saːd; Hungarian: Újvidék Slovak Kragujevac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Крагујевац) is a city in Serbia, the largest city of the Šumadija Subotica ( Serbian: Суботица Subotica,, Hungarian: Szabadka, Croatian: Subotica) is a city and municipality in Zrenjanin ( Serbian Cyrillic: Зрењанин is a city and a municipality located in Serbia. Leskovac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Лесковац Leskofça is a city and municipality located in southern Serbia at 43 Smederevo (Смедерево is a city and municipality in Serbia on the Danube at 44 Pančevo ( Serbian: Панчево is a city and municipality located in Serbia at 44 Kruševac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Крушевац) is a city and a municipality located in Serbia at 43 Čačak ( Serbian Cyrillic: Чачак is a city and municipality located 140 km south from Belgrade in Serbia at 43°50' North 20°20' East Užice ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ужице IPA:) is a town and municipality located in Serbia at 43 Valjevo ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево is a city located in Serbia at 44 Kraljevo ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљево) is a city and municipality located in Serbia at, built beside the Šabac (Шабац Hungarian: Szabács, Turkish: Böğürdelen is a city and municipality located in Serbia at 44 Vranje ( Serbian Cyrillic: Врање Bulgarian: Враня Vranya; Turkish: Vranya) is a town and municipality located in For the town in Bulgaria see Novi Pazar Bulgaria. Novi Pazar ( Serbian: Нови Пазар Sombor (Сомбор is a city and municipality located in Serbia at. Sremska Mitrovica ( Serbian Cyrillic: Сремска Митровица is a city and municipality located Serbia is a multireligious country The dominant religion is Orthodox Christianity (notably the Serbian Orthodox Church) but there are also numerous adherents of 1%
Roman Catholicism			6. 24%
Islam			4. 82%
Protestantism			1. 44%

For centuries straddling the religious boundary between Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism, joined up later by the penetration of Islam, Serbia remains one of the most diverse countries on the continent. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Centuries on, different regions of Serbia remain heavily cosmopolitan: Kosovo province houses a 90% Muslim community, Vojvodina province is 25% Catholic or Protestant, while Central Serbia and Belgrade regions are over 90% Orthodox Christian. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Political status The region of Central Serbia is not an administrative division of Serbia as such it is under the direct jurisdiction of the republic authorities Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the

Studenica monastery

Among the Eastern Orthodox churches, the Serbian Orthodox Church is the westernmost. The Studenica monastery ( Serbian: Манастир Студеница / Manastir Studenica) is a Serbian Orthodox Monastery situated 39 The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the According to the 2002 Census,^[59] 82% of the population of Serbia (excluding Kosovo) or 6,2 million people declared their nationality as Serbian, who are overwhelmingly adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the Other Orthodox Christian communities in Serbia include Montenegrins, Romanians, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Vlachs etc. The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to The Eastern Orthodox Church: the Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine Montenegrins ( Serbian: Црногорци/ Crnogorci) are a South Slavic people closely akin to the Serbs, associated to Montenegro The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people The Bulgarians (българи balgari) are a South Slavic people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language Vlachs is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe Together they comprise about 84% of the entire population.

Catholicism is mostly present in Vojvodina (mainly in its northern part), where almost 20% of the regional population (minority ethnic groups such as the Hungarians, Slovaks, Croats, Bunjevci, Czechs etc. As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина or Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdaság Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. } The Slovaks or Slovakians are a western Slavic People that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Bunjevci ( Bunjevac, Croatian and Serbian: Bunjevci / Буњевци singular Bunjevac / Буњевац (pronounced 'boo-nyev-tsi Czechs (Češi ˈt͡ʃɛʃɪ archaic Čechové) are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic belong to this Christian denomination. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth There are an estimated 433,000 baptized Catholics in Serbia, roughly 6,2% of the population, mostly in the northern province.

Protestantism accounts for about 1. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. 5 % of the country's population.

Islam has a strong historic following in the southern regions of Serbia - Raska and several municipalities in the south-east. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Sandžak ( Serbian: Санџак Sandžak or Рашка Raška; Bosnian: Sandžak; Albanian: Sanxhak or Bosniaks are the largest Muslim community in Serbia at about 140,000 (2%), followed by Albanians (1%), Turks, Arabs etc. The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion } Albanians (Shqiptarët are an Ethnic group and a Nation, in the sense of sharing a common Albanian culture speaking the Albanian language The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding

With the exile of Jews from Spain during the infamous Inquisition era thousands of both individuals and families escaping made their way through Europe to the Balkans. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut A goodly number settled in Serbia and became part of the general population. They were well accepted and during the ensuing generations the majority assimilated or became traditional or secular, rather than remain orthodox Jews as had been the original immigrants. Later on the wars that ravaged the region resulted in a great part of the Serbian Jewish population either being killed or escaping to Yugoslavia and Austria-Hungary.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Serbia

World Bank economy estimates for 2007

With a GDP for 2008 estimated at $81. Serbia has an economy based mostly on various services, Industry and Agriculture. The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e 892 billion ($10,985 per capita PPP), Republic of Serbia is considered an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank. The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e ^[64] FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in 2006 was $5. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 85 billion or €4. The euro sign (€ is the Currency sign used for the Euro, the official currency of the European Union (EU 5 billion. FDI for 2007 reached $4. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 2 Billion while real GDP per capita figures are estimated to have reached $6 600 (October 2007). ^[65] The GDP growth rate showed increase by 6. 3% (2005),^[66] 5. 8% (2006),^[67] reaching 7. 5% in 2007 as the fastest growing economy in the region. ^[68]

At the beginning of the process of economic transition (1989), its favorable economic outlook in the region was hampered by politics, its economy being gravely impacted by the UN economic sanctions of 1992–95, as well as the sizable infrastructure and industry damage, suffered during the Kosovo war. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Economic sanctions are domestic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries on another for a variety of reasons The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Its problems were only augmented by losing the ex-Yugoslavia and Comecon markets. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian After the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President Milošević in October 2000, the country experienced faster economic growth, and has been preparing for membership in the European Union, its most important trading partner. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

Nikola Tesla on 100 Serbian dinar banknote

The recovery of the economy still faces many problems, among which unemployment (18. There have already been discussions about Tesla's ethnicity on the talk page The dinar (genitive plural dinara, Serbian: динар динара is the currency of Serbia. 1%)^[69] high export/import trade deficit and considerable national debt are most prominent. The country expects some major economic impulses and high growth rates in the next years. Serbia has been occasionally called a "Balkan tiger" because of its recent high economic growth rates, which averaged 6. 6 % (in the past three years), with FDI at its record levels.

Serbia grows about one-third of the world's raspberries and is the leading frozen fruit exporter. The raspberry (plural raspberries) is the edible Fruit of a multitude of plant species in the subgenus Idaeobatus of the genus Rubus ^[70]

Infrastructure

Communications

Main article: Communications in Serbia

89% of households in Serbia have fixed telephone lines, and 90% of the population have cell phones, accounting to 8 million users (Telekom Srbija – 5 million, Telenor and Vip mobile sharing the rest). Broadband Internet access See also Broadband Internet access in Serbia Telekom Serbia provides Internet access over Dial-Up, ISDN and ADSL connections Telekom Srbija (full legal name Preduzeće za telekomunikacije Telekom Srbija a Telenor Serbia (legal name Telenor doo subsidiary of Norwegian company Telenor, is the second largest Serbian Mobile network Vip mobile is the third Serbian Mobile network operator. It is the Vodafone Partner Network in Serbia 49% of households have computers, 27% use the internet, and 42% have cable TV. ^[71]^[72]^[73]

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Serbia

Jat Airways, the national airline of Serbia

Serbia, in particular the valley of the Morava, is often described as "the crossroads between East and West", which is one of the primary reasons for its turbulent history. Serbia, and in particular the valley of Morava is often described as "the crossroad between the East and the West " which is one of primary reasons Jat Airways is the national Airline of Serbia and the former national carrier of Yugoslavia, based in Belgrade. The Velika Morava or Great Morava ( Serbian Cyrillic: Велика Морава) is a final section of the Morava (Cyrillic Морава The Morava valley route, which avoids mountainous regions, is by far the easiest way of traveling overland from continental Europe to Greece and Asia Minor. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Modern Serbia was the first among its neighbours to acquire railroads- in 1869 the first train arrived to Subotica, then Austria-Hungary^[74] (by 1882 route to Belgrade and Nis was completed). Subotica ( Serbian: Суботица Subotica,, Hungarian: Szabadka, Croatian: Subotica) is a city and municipality in Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia.

European routes E65, E70, E75 and E80, as well as the E662, E761, E762, E763, E771, and E851 pass through the country. The international E-road network is a numbering system for Roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE. European route E70 is an A-Class West - East European route, extending from A Coruña in Spain in the west to the Georgian The E75 is part of the International E-road network, which is a series of main roads in Europe. European route E80 is a road part of the International E-road network. The E70 westwards from Belgrade and most of the E75 are modern highways of motorway / autobahn standard or close to that. The part of the European route E70 in Serbia spans approximately. The part of the European route E75 in Serbia spans approximately. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation (German ˈaʊtoːbaːn plural Autobahnen; English /ˈɔːtəʊbɑːn/ is the German word for a major high- Speed Road restricted to motor As of 2005, Serbia has 1,481,498 registered cars, 16,042 motorcycles, 9,626 buses, 116,440 trucks, 28,222 special transport vehicles, 126,816 tractors, and 101,465 trailers. ^[75]

The Danube River, central Europe's connection to the Black Sea, flows through Serbia. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey

There are 2 international airports in Serbia: Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport and Niš Constantine the Great Airport. Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport ( Serbian: Аеродром Београд - Никола Тесла or Aerodrom Beograd - Nikola Tesla) is Serbia 's busiest Niš Constantine the Great Airport (Аеродром Ниш - Константин Велики Aerodrom Niš - Konstantin Veliki), serves southern Serbia and

The national airline carrier is Jat Airways and the railway system is operated by Serbian Railways. Jat Airways is the national Airline of Serbia and the former national carrier of Yugoslavia, based in Belgrade. Serbian Railways ( Serbian: Железнице Србије/Železnice Srbije) is the national railway carrier of Serbia.

Tourism

Main article: Tourism in Serbia

Felix Romuliana imperial palace, one of 8 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Serbia

Tourism in Serbia is mostly focused on the villages and mountains of the country. Serbia is situated in 2 geographic and cultural parts of Europe: Central Europe - Pannonian plain, and Southeastern Europe - Balkan peninsula Gamzigrad (Гамзиград is a spa resort in Serbia, located south of the Danube river, near Zaječar. This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. Asia Minor, Cyprus, all of the Aegean Islands, the Canaries The most famous mountain resorts are Zlatibor, Kopaonik, and the Tara. For other meanings see Zlatibor (disambiguation. Zlatibor ( Serbian Cyrillic: Златибoр is a mountain region situated in Kopaonik ( Albanian and Kopaonik; Cyrillic: Копаоник is one of the biggest mountain ranges of Kosovo and Serbia. Tara Mountain, part of the Outer Dinaric Alps, is located in western Serbia and stands at 1000-1500 meters above sea level There are also many spas in Serbia, one the biggest of which is Vrnjačka Banja. Vrnjačka Banja ( is a town municipality and a resort mineral Spa located in Raška District of Serbia. Other spas include Soko Banja and Niška Banja. Sokobanja ( Serbian Cyrillic: Сокобања) is a well-known Spa town and municipality situated in eastern Serbia. There is a significant amount of tourism in the largest cities like Belgrade, Novi Sad and Niš, but also in the rural parts of Serbia like the volcanic wonder of Đavolja varoš,^[76] Christian pilgrimage across the country^[77] and the cruises along the Danube, Sava or Tisza. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Novi Sad ( Cyrillic: Нови Сад 'nɔviː 'saːd; Hungarian: Újvidék Slovak Đavolja Varoš ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ђавоља Варош meaning "Devil's Town" is a geographical region of south Serbia, by the Radan mountains In Religion and Spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or Search of great Moral significance The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Sava ( Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene: Sava; Serbian: Сава, Sava) is a river in "Tisa" redirects here For other uses see Tisa (disambiguation and Tisza (disambiguation. There are several popular festivals held in Serbia, such as the EXIT Festival (proclaimed the best European festival by UK Festival Awards 2007 and Yourope, the European Association of the 40 largest festivals in Europe) and the Guča trumpet festival. EXIT (also known as State of EXIT) is an annual summer Music festival in the Petrovaradin fortress of Novi Sad, Serbia. Future Developmant JAT Airways are planning on building a heliport for the festival 2,2 million tourists visited Serbia in 2007, a 15% increase compared to 2006. ^[78]

Culture

Main article: Serbian culture

Miroslav Gospels, one of the oldest surviving documents written in Serbian Church Slavonic

The White Angel in Mileševa monastery, 1230s, Latin period of Byzantine art

Serbia is one of Europe's most culturally diverse countries. Serbian culture refers to the culture of Serbia as well as the culture of Serbs in other parts of the former Yugoslavia and elsewhere in the world Miroslav Gospels ( Serbian Мирослављево Јевађеље or Miroslavljevo Jevanđelje) is a 362-page Illuminated manuscript Gospel Book Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, White Angel ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бели анђео Serbian Latin: Beli anđeo is a detail of a Fresco from the Mileševa monastery Mileševa ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милешева is a Serbian Orthodox Monastery located near Prijepolje, in southwest Serbia. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Byzantine art is the term commonly used to describe the artistic products of the Byzantine Empire from about the 4th century until the Fall of Constantinople The borders between large empires ran through the territory of today's Serbia for long periods in history: between the Eastern and Western halves of the Roman Empire; between Kingdom of Hungary, Bulgarian Empire, Frankish Kingdom and Byzantium; and between the Ottoman Empire and the Austrian Empire (later Austria-Hungary). The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 Bulgarian Empire (Българско царство Balgarsko tsarstvo ˈʦar Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire (imperium Francorum Frankish Kingdom (Latin regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. As a result, while the north is culturally "Central European", the south is rather more "Oriental". Mitteleuropa (Central/Middle Europe is a German term equal to Central Europe. The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world Of course, both regions have influenced each other, and so the distinction between north and south is artificial to some extent.

The Byzantine Empire's influence on Serbia was perhaps the greatest. Serbs are Orthodox Christians with their own national church—the Serbian Orthodox Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the They use both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, as a result of both Eastern and Western influences. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The monasteries of Serbia, built largely in the Middle Ages, are one of the most valuable and visible traces of medieval Serbia's association with the Byzantium and the Orthodox World, but also with the Romanic (Western) Europe that Serbia had close ties with back in Middle Ages. This is a list of Serbian Orthodox Monasteries. Monasteries in Serbia Central Serbia Vojvodina Fruška Gora Тhe medieval history of Serbia begins in the 5th century AD with the arrival of the Slavs in the Balkans and ends with the occupation of Serbia by the Ottoman Empire in 1459 Most of Serbia's queens still remembered today in Serbian history were of foreign origin, including Hélène d'Anjou (a cousin of Charles I of Sicily), Anna Dondolo (daughter of the Doge of Venice, Enrico Dandolo), Catherine of Hungary, and Symonide of Byzantium. One of the first Serbian states Raška, was founded in the first half of the 7th century on Byzantine territory by the Unknown Helen of Anjou or Hélène d'Anjou ( Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена Анжујска Serbian Latinic: Jelena Anžujska 1230 - Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest The Doge ( Venetian language, also Doxe, derived from Latin Dux military leader duke cf The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica Enrico Dandolo (also Anglicised Henry Dandolo or in Latin Henricus Dandulus, 1107? &ndash June 21 1205) was the Doge This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM

Serbia has eight cultural sites marked on the UNESCO World Heritage list: Stari Ras and Sopoćani monasteries (included in 1979), Studenica Monastery (1986), the Medieval Serbian Monastic Complex in Kosovo, comprising: Dečani Monastery, Our Lady of Ljeviš, Gračanica and Patriarchate of Pec- (2004, put on the endangered list in 2006), and Gamzigrad - Romuliana, Palace of Galerius, added in 2007. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Stari Ras ( Serbian Cyrillic: Стари Рас English: Old Ras known at the time as Ras was one of the first capitals of the medieval Serbian state The Sopoćani monastery ( Serbian Cyrillic: Сопоћани an endowment of King Stefan Uroš I of Serbia The Studenica monastery ( Serbian: Манастир Студеница / Manastir Studenica) is a Serbian Orthodox Monastery situated 39 Visoki Dečani ( Serbian: Манастир Високи Дечани or Manastir Visoki Dečani) is a major Serb Orthodox Christian monastery located in Our Lady of Ljeviš ( Serbian Cyrillic: Богородица Љевишка Serbian Latin: Bogorodica Ljeviška is a 12th century Serbian Orthodox Gračanica ( Serbian: Манастир Грачаница or Manastir Gračanica, Albanian: Manastiri i Graçanicës) is a Serbian Orthodox The Patriarchate of Peć ( Serbian: Пећка патријаршија or Pećka Patrijaršija; Albanian: Patrikana e Pejës) is a Serbian Gamzigrad (Гамзиград is a spa resort in Serbia, located south of the Danube river, near Zaječar. Likewise, there are 2 literary memorials added on the UNESCO's list as a part of the Memory of the World Programme: Miroslav Gospels, handwriting from the 12th century (added in 2005), and Nikola Tesla's archive (2003). United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 UNESCO 's Memory of the World Programme is an international initiative launched in 1992 in order to guard against collective amnesia calling upon the preservation of the Miroslav Gospels ( Serbian Мирослављево Јевађеље or Miroslavljevo Jevanđelje) is a 362-page Illuminated manuscript Gospel Book There have already been discussions about Tesla's ethnicity on the talk page

Education

Main article: Education in Serbia

Headquarters of the Belgrade University, pictured in 1890

Education in Serbia is regulated by the Ministry of Education. Education in Serbia is regulated by the Ministry of Education. The University of Belgrade ( Serbian: sr Универзитет у Београду is the oldest and most important institution of higher Education in all of Education starts in either pre-schools or elementary schools. Children enroll in elementary schools (Serbian: Osnovna škola / Основна школа) at the age of seven, and remain there for eight years. Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language,

The roots of the Serbian education system date back to the 11th and 12th centuries when the first Catholic colleges were founded in Vojvodina (Titel, Bač). Titel (Тител is a town and municipality in the South Bačka District of the Vojvodina, Serbia. Bač (Бач, Bács is a town and municipality in South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. Medieval Serbian education, however, was mostly conducted through the Serbian Orthodox monasteries (Sopocani, Studenica, Patriarchate of Pec) starting from the rise of Raska in 12th century, when Serbs overwhelmingly embraced Orthodoxy rather than Catholicism. The Sopoćani monastery ( Serbian Cyrillic: Сопоћани an endowment of King Stefan Uroš I of Serbia The Studenica monastery ( Serbian: Манастир Студеница / Manastir Studenica) is a Serbian Orthodox Monastery situated 39 The Patriarchate of Peć ( Serbian: Пећка патријаршија or Pećka Patrijaršija; Albanian: Patrikana e Pejës) is a Serbian Raška ( alternative spellings have included Raschka, Rascia and Rassa) was the central and most successful Medieval Serbian Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia,

The first university in Serbia was founded in revolutionary Belgrade in 1808 as a Great Academy, the precursor of the contemporary University of Belgrade. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. The University of Belgrade ( Serbian: sr Универзитет у Београду is the oldest and most important institution of higher Education in all of The oldest college (faculty) within current borders of Serbia dates back to 1778; founded in the city of Sombor, then Habsburg Empire, it was known under the name Norma and was the oldest Slavic Teacher's college in Southern Europe. Sombor (Сомбор is a city and municipality located in Serbia at. Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The term Southern Europe can have four definitions geographical political climatic phytogeographic ^[79]

Holidays

All holidays in Serbia are regulated by the Law of national and other holidays in Republic of Serbia (Zakon o državnim i drugim praznicima u Republici Srbiji). The following holidays are observed state-wide:^[80]

Date	Name	Notes
January 1 / January 2	New Year's Day (Nova Godina)	non-working holiday
January 7	Orthodox Christmas (Božić)	non-working holiday
January 27	Saint Sava's Day - Spirituality day (Savindan - Dan Duhovnosti)	working holiday (in memory on the founder of the Serbian Orthodox Church)
February 15	Statehood day - Candlemas (Dan državnosti - Sretenje)	non-working holiday (in memory on the First Serbian Uprising)
April 25	Orthodox Great Friday (Veliki petak)	non-working holiday (date for 2008 only)
April 26	Orthodox Great Saturday (Velika subota)	non-working holiday (date for 2008 only)
April 27	Orthodox Easter (Vaskrs)	non-working holiday (date for 2008 only)
April 28	Orthodox Easter Monday (Veliki ponedeljak)	non-working holiday (date for 2008 only)
May 1 / May 2	Labour Day (Dan rada)	non-working holiday
May 9	Victory Day (Dan pobede)	working holiday
June 28	Saint Vitus' Day - Day of the fallen for the fatherland (Vidovdan - Dan Srba palih za otadžbinu)	working holiday (in memory of the Battle of Kosovo in 1389)

Also, members of other religions have the right not to work on days of their holidays. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. New Year's Day is the first day of the Year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome (though Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor The Feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple celebrates an early episode in the life of Jesus, and falls on or around 2 February. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Easter Monday is the day after Easter Sunday and is celebrated as a Holiday in some largely Christian cultures especially Roman Catholic Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Labour Day is an annual Holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Vidovdan (Видовдан is a religious holiday St Vitus ' Day whose feast is on June 15. This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation.

Gallery

National Public Library in Priština.

References

This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain. Timeline History Medieval Serbian army The Serbian army during this period was primarily consisted of light cavalry and infantry This is a list of Serbian monarchs. Notes Entries bounded within parentheses are for reference only for instance the Roman numerals keep counts of Stefans Serbian revolution or Revolutionary Serbia refers to the national and Social revolution of the Serbian people between 1804 and 1817 during The Serbian Campaign was fought from August 1914 when Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia at the outset of First World War, until the end of the war in The Serbian Armed Forces is the unified armed force that defends the Republic of Serbia and conducts other missions with respect to the constitution and laws of Serbia This is a list of prominent ethnic Serbs and people from Serbia The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress ( USA) freely available for use by researchers The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U. The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the S. government publication, is in the public domain. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

^ http://www.unmikonline.org/press/reports/N9917289.pdf
^ Belgrade has a harbour on Sava as well
^ ABOUT THE CARPATHIANS - Carpathian Heritage Society
^ Finding birds in Serbia (English). League for the Ornithological Action of Serbia (2005).
^ Serbia :: Climate (English) p. 5 of 71. Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2007).
^ Radovanović, M and Dučić, V, 2002, Variability of Climate in Serbia in the Second Half of the 20th century, EGS XXVII General Assembly, Nice, 21 April to 26 April 2002, abstract #2283, 27:2283–, provided by the Smithsonian / NASA Astrophysics Data System
^ Basic Climate Characteristics for the Territory of Serbia (English). Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia.
^ Vladimir Corovic. Istorija srpskog naroda: Sloveni naseljavaju Balkan (Serbian). Projekat Rastko: Biblioteka srpske kulture.
^ Aleksandra Krsmanović. Ave, Srbijo! (Serbian). Brendovi Srbije.
^ Fresco of King Mihailo (English). Serb Land of Montenegro.
^ Serbian Medieval History (English). Serbian Unity Congress (2006).
^ Nenad Šerović. Stefan Tvrtko I Kotromanić (Serbian). Projekat Rastko: Biblioteka srpske kulture.
^ Encyclopaedia Britannica. Serb Medieval State of Zeta (English). Serb Land of Montenegro.
^ The Arrival of Slavs, the Adoption of Christianity and the Serbian State of Stefan Nemanja (English). Snaga (1999).
^ Crucified Kosovo: Ljubisa Folic: Crucified Heritage
^ English translation: Leopold Ranke, A History of Servia and the Servian Revolution. Translated from the German by Mrs Alexander Kerr (London: John Murray, 1847)
^ 200 godina ustanka
^ Gordana Stokić (January 2003). Bibliotekarstvo i menadžment: Moguća paralela (PDF) (Serbian). Narodna biblioteka Srbije.
^ Vladimir Corovic: Istorija srpskog naroda
^ L. S. Stavrianos, The Balkans since 1453 (London: Hurst and Co. , 2000), p. 248-250.
^ Čedomir Antić (1998). The First Serbian Uprising (English). The Royal Family of Serbia.
^ The Balkan Wars and the Partition of Macedonia
^ http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/great%20war/great%20war%20%20pages/great%20war%20map%2002.htm
^ Daily Survey (English). The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia (August 23, 2004).
^ Arhiv Srbije - osnovan 1900. godine (Serbian).
^ First World War.com - Primary Documents - Vasil Radoslavov on Bulgaria's Entry into the War, 11 October 1915
^ The Minor Powers During World War One - Serbia
^ Serbia in 1914
^ Tells of typhus in Serbia
^ The Minor Powers During World War One - Serbia
^ Serbian army, August 1914
^ Fourth of Serbia's population dead.
^ Asserts Serbians face extinction
^ Serbia restored
^ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9F02E7D7143EE433A2575BC2A9619C946996D6CF&oref=slogin
^ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9406E4D8143EE433A25754C2A9619C946996D6CF
^ Jasenovac
^ Jasenovac
^ http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205930.pdf
^ http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206358.pdf
^ Mass crimes against humanity and genocides: A list of atrocities from 1450 CE until the end of World War II
^ Commemoration held for victims of Jasenovac death camp
^ Danas
^ Grad Beograd - Važne godine u istoriji grada
^ Tema nedelje : Srbija u ustavima : Kardeljeve norme : POLITIKA
^ * Ustav SFRJ (1974) - text of the 1974 constitution (Serbian)
^ Richard Becker (1995). 6) The role of sanctions in the destruction of Yugoslavia (English). Serbian Network.
^ Noam Chomsky (March 14, 2000). Another Way For Kosovo? (English). Le Monde diplomatique.
^ Montenegro chooses independence (English). CNN International (May 22, 2006).
^ Second Balkan War 1913 (English). Lahana. org.
^ Borgna Brunner; David Johnson (2007). Timeline: The Former Yugoslavia (English). Infoplease.
^ Montenegro gets Serb recognition (English). BBC News (15 June 2006).
^ B92 - News - Politics - NATO offers "intensified dialogue" to Serbia
^ Tadić, Koštunica reach cabinet deal (English). B92 (11 May 2007).
^ Serbia calls snap vote over EU, Kosovo dispute (English). AFP (14 March 2008).
^ http://www.unmikonline.org/press/reports/N9917289.pdf
^ Library of Congress. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress Glossary -- Yugoslavia (English).
^ Microsoft Word - Delovi_knjiga_III.doc
^ ^a ^b Statistical office of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian).
^ The Population of Serbia, 1991-2005 (Serbian). Yugoslav Survey (2005).
^ The World Factbook. The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the Serbia (English). Central Intelligence Agency.
^ Tanjug (22 October 2007). Tanjug ( Serbian Cyrillic: Танјуг (Telegraphic Agency of New Yugoslavia) was founded on November 5, 1943. Serbia's refugee population largest in Europe (English). B92.
^ Beograd u brojkama (PDF) (Serbian). City of Belgrade Institute for Informatics and Statistics (2006).
^ Upper-middle-income economies (English). The World Bank.
^ Serbia Eyes 7.0 Pct Increase in GDP for 2007 (English). SeeNews (September 27, 2007).
^ Gross Domestic Product of the Republic of Serbia 1997–2005, Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia
^ Economic Trends in the Republic of Serbia 2006, Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia
^ REPUBLICKI ZAVOD ZA STATISTIKU - Republike Srbije
^ REPUBLICKI ZAVOD ZA STATISTIKU - Republike Srbije
^ Borka Tomic (04/13/2006). Rebranding Serbia: A Hobby Shortly to Become a Full-Time Job?! (English). Invest-in-Serbia.
^ U Srbiji baš zvoni (Serbian). Večernje novosti (15. 05. 2007).
^ Telekomunikacije (Serbian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2007).
^ U Srbiji 27 odsto gradjana koristi Internet (Serbian). Poslovni Magazin (10. Maj 2007).
^ Geografski položaj (Serbian). City of Subotica (2006).
^ Registrovana drumska motorna i priključna vozila (Serbian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2007).
^ Davolja Varos, Rock Formation (English). New7Wonders (July 7, 2007).
^ Pilgrimage of Saint Sava (English). Info Hub.
^ Turistički promet u Republici Srbiji u periodu januar-novembar 2007. godine (Serbian). National Tourism Organisation of Serbia (2007).
^ Sombor: History by dates (English). SOinfo. org.
^ Zakon o državnim i drugim praznicima u Republici Srbiji (Serbian) (2007-11-06). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Retrieved on 2008-03-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.

External links

Dictionary

-proper noun

A country in southeastern Europe

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
network: | |

Contents