Stephen Harper, who as leader of the National Citizens Coalition challenged limits on campaign spending in Harper v. Canada, and as leader of the Conservative Party of Canada opposed prisoners' voting rights after Sauvé v. Canada. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (also known as The Charter of Rights and Freedoms or simply the Charter) is a Bill of rights entrenched in the The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the introductory sentence ( Preamble) to the Constitution of Canada 's Charter of Rights Section One of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Charter that confirms that the rights listed in that document are Section Two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Constitution of Canada 's Charter of Rights that lists Section Four of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of three democratic rights sections in the Charter. Section Five of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada, and the last of three democratic rights in the Charter Section Six of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Canadian Constitution 's Charter of Rights that protects the mobility Section Seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a constitutional provision that protects an individual's autonomy and personal legal rights from actions of the government Section Eight of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides everyone in Canada with protection against unreasonable Search and seizure. Section Nine of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, found under the "Legal rights" heading in the Charter, guarantees the right against Section Ten of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms specifies rights upon Arrest or detention, including the rights to consult a Lawyer and the right Section Eleven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Canadian Constitution 's Charter of Rights that protects a person's legal rights Section Twelve of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as part of the Charter and of the Constitution of Canada, is a legal rights section that protects an Section Thirteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter which along with section 11 (c, specifies rights regarding Self-incrimination Section Fourteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the last section under the "Legal rights" heading in the Charter. Section Fifteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms contains guaranteed equality rights As part of the Constitution, the section prohibits certain forms Section Sixteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the first of several sections of the Charter dealing with Canada 's two Section Sixteen One of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the newest section of the Charter. Section Seventeen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the provisions of the ''Charter'' that addresses rights relating to Canada 's Section Eighteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the provisions of the ''Charter'' that addresses rights relating to Canada 's two Section Nineteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the provisions of the ''Charter'' that addresses rights relating to Canada 's two Section Twenty of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the sections of the Charter dealing with Canada 's two Official languages Section Twenty-one of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of several sections of the Charter relating to the Official languages Section Twenty-two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of several sections of the Charter relating to the Official languages Section Twenty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the ''Charter'' that constitutionally guarantees Minority language Section Twenty-four of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides for remedies available to those whose Charter rights are shown to be violated Section Twenty-five of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the first section under the heading "General" in the Charter, and like other Section Twenty-six of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, like other provisions within the section 25 to 31 bloc provides a guide in interpreting how the Section Twenty-seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter that as part of a range of provisions within the section 25 to Section Twenty-eight of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada 's Charter of Rights. Section Twenty-nine of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of Charter that most specifically addresses rights regarding Denominational Section Thirty of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter that like other provisions within the section 25 to section 31 Section Thirty-one of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada, which clarifies that the Charter does not increase the powers Section Thirty-two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms concerns the application and scope of the Charter. Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada. Section Thirty-four of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the last section of Canada 's Charter of Rights, which is entrenched in the WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC The National Citizens Coalition is a Canadian Libertarian - conservative lobby group Background The 1974 Election Expenses Act prohibited third party interest groups defined as any individual or group other than a candidate or a registered political party The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative Sauvé v Canada (Attorney General, 3 SCR 519 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision where the Court held that Prisoners have a right to vote

Section Three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter that constitutionally guarantees all Canadian citizens the democratic right to vote in a general federal or provincial election and the right to be eligible for membership in the House of Commons or of a provincial legislative assembly. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (also known as The Charter of Rights and Freedoms or simply the Charter) is a Bill of rights entrenched in the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally

Section 3 is one of the provisions in the Charter that cannot be overridden by Parliament or a legislative assembly under Section 33 of the Charter, the notwithstanding clause. Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada. Section 3's exemption from Section 33 provides extra legal protection to the right to vote and it may prevent Parliament or the provincial governments from disenfranchising any Canadian citizen or resident of the provinces in a federal or provincial election by federal enactment for ideological or political purposes, among others. The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. Nevertheless, the right to vote and to run in an election is subject to other reasonable limits prescribed by law under Section 1 of the Charter. Section One of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Charter that confirms that the rights listed in that document are

Text

Under the heading "Democratic Rights," the section reads:

Interpretation

Generally, the courts have interpreted section 3 as being more generous than simply providing a right to vote. As stated in the case Figueroa v. Canada (2003),^[1] the section has been viewed as a constitutional guarantee to "play a meaningful role in the electoral process," which in turn encourages governmental "respect for a diversity of beliefs and opinions. Figueroa v Canada (Attorney General, 1 SCR 912 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the right to participate in a federal election under section " This does not mean, however, that interest groups have complete freedom to promote their beliefs and opinions. An interest group (also advocacy group, lobby group, pressure group or special interest group) is an organized collection of people who seek Since the voter must have an opportunity to balance various ideas in his or her own mind before meaningfully participating in an election, the Supreme Court has, in the case Harper v. Canada (Attorney General) (2004),^[2] upheld laws that limit the amount of money a single group can contribute in the election (to prevent a monopolization of the campaign). See also Canadian electoral system, Timeline of Canadian elections The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada has two chambers. The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian Background The 1974 Election Expenses Act prohibited third party interest groups defined as any individual or group other than a candidate or a registered political party

Suffrage

No formal right to vote existed in Canada before the adoption of the Charter. There was no such right, for example, in the Canadian Bill of Rights. The Canadian Bill of Rights is a federal statute and Bill of rights enacted by Prime Minister John Diefenbaker 's government on August 10 Indeed, in the case Cunningham v. Tomey Homma (1903), it was found that the government could legally deny the vote to Japanese Canadians and Chinese Canadians (although both groups would go on to achieve the franchise before section 3 came into force). Cunningham v Homma [1903] AC 151 CCS 45 is a famous decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council that upheld a British Columbia Japanese Canadians are Canadians of Japanese ancestry and are largely concentrated on the west coast especially in and around Vancouver. Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent and constitute the second-largest Visible minority group in Canada standing at 1346510 which ^[3]

The section has generated some case law expanding the franchise. In 1988, section 3 had been used to grant suffrage to federal judges and those in mental institutions. Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally A psychiatric hospital (previously called insane asylum, mental hospital; or derogatorily looney bin, nut house or Funny Farm) is A more controversial example is Sauvé v. Canada (2002),^[4] in which it was found that prisoners could vote. Sauvé v Canada (Attorney General, 3 SCR 519 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision where the Court held that Prisoners have a right to vote A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of They did so in the 2004 federal election, despite public opposition from Conservative leader Stephen Harper. The Canadian federal election 2004 (more formally the 38th General Election) was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC ^[5]

Sizes of constituencies

Although one cannot see this on the face of the Charter, the Supreme Court has also ruled that section 3 guarantees a measure of equality in voting. In Reference re Prov. Electoral Boundaries (Sask.) (1991)^[6], it was found that constituencies should have roughly the same number of voters, although perfection was not required. Reference re Prov Electoral Boundaries (Sask, 2 SCR 158 is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the right to vote under section 3 A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures goals or loyalty The reasoning behind this expansion of section three's meaning was that it supposedly reflected the original purpose of the section, namely to allow "effective representation. " The concession that perfection is not required stemmed from the fact that perfection would be impractical, given geographical limits in drawing boundaries and a general desire to give minorities more representation. Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena While Saskatchewan's constituencies were found to be valid in the 1991 decision, Prince Edward Island's were later deemed unconstitutional by the courts and the province's electoral map had to be redrawn. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Prince Edward Island (ˌprɪns ˌɛdwɚd ˈaɪlɨnd ( PEI or P

Referendums

While section 3's reach has been expanded to cover the sizes of constituencies, it has not been extended to guarantee the right to vote in a referendum. National Referenda are seldom used in Canada, and have tended to fail In Haig v. Canada (1993),^[7] it was ruled that since section 3 was designed in specific reference to electing representatives, the right could not include participation in a "device for the gathering of opinions. Haig v Canada (Chief Electoral Officer 2 SCR 995 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the protection of the right to vote under section 3 " It was also noted that unlike elections, governments do not have to hold referendums, nor do governments have to commit themselves to the result of a referendum. Thus, how a referendum is administered is within governmental discretion.

References

External links

• Overview of section 3 case law in the Canadian Legal Information Institute.
• Fundamental Freedoms: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Charter of Rights website with video, audio and the Charter in over 20 languages

Notes