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The Second International (1889-1916) was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution African socialism is a belief in sharing economic resources in a "traditional" African way as distinct from classical Socialism. Arab Socialism (الاشتراكية العربية al-ishtirākīya al-‘arabīya) is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based De Leonism, occasionally known as Marxism-Deleonism, is a form of Marxism developed by Daniel De Leon. Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements tendencies and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation Eco-socialism, Green socialism or Socialist ecology is an Ideology merging aspects of Marxism, Socialism, Green politics Guild socialism is a political movement advocating workers' control of industry through the medium of trade-related Guilds. Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Market socialism is a term used to denote two different Economic system (s based in Socialism which operate according to Market principles The term revolutionary socialism refers to Socialist tendencies that advocate the need for fundamental social change through Revolution, as a strategy to achieve a Social anarchism, socialist anarchism, anarcho-socialism, anarchist socialism or Communitarian anarchism,(sometimes used interchangeably with Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left A socialist market economy is an economic form that is practiced in the People's Republic of China, where it is called Socialism with Chinese characteristics Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought Religious socialism is a Term used to describe forms of Socialism that are based on Religious values. Buddhist socialism is a Political ideology which advocates Socialism based on the principles of Buddhism. Christian socialism generally refers to those on the Christian left whose politics are both Christian and Socialist and who see these two philosophies as Islamic socialism is a term coined by various Muslim leaders to meet the demand for a more spiritual form of Socialism. Criticisms of Socialism range from disagreements over the efficiency of socialist economic and political models to condemnation of states described by themselves The history of socialism, sometimes termed 'modern socialism' finds its origins in the French Revolution of 1789 and the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution Socialist economics is a broad and sometimes controversial term The term socialist state (or socialist republic, or workers' state) can carry one of several different (but related meanings In strictly speaking any Since the 18th century Socialist ideas have developed and separated into many different types of socialism. The following is a list of self-identified Socialists divided by geographical location The International Workingmen's Association (IWA, sometimes called the First International, was an international socialist organization which aimed at uniting a variety The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow The Fourth International ( FI) is a communist international organisation working in opposition to both Capitalism and Stalinism. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY is a left-wing youth organization recognized by the United Nations as an international youth Non-governmental organization The International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY encompasses socialist, Social democratic and Labour Party youth organizations from more than 100 states Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Worker self-management (or autogestion) is a form of workplace decision-making in which the workers themselves agree on choices (for issues like customer care general production Class struggle is the active expression of Class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The " dictatorship of the proletariat " or workers' state is a term employed by Marxists that refers to what they see as a temporary state between the Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have Equality of outcome or equality of condition is a form of Egalitarianism which seeks to reduce or eliminate differences in material condition between individuals or Impossibilism is an interpretation of Marxism. It emphasizes the limited value of reforms in overturning capitalism and insists on revolutionary political action as the only For the Marxist concept of internationalism see Proletarian internationalism. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A proletarian revolution is a social and/or political Revolution in which the Working class attempts to overthrow the Bourgeoisie. Socialism in One Country was a thesis developed by Nikolai Bukharin in 1925 and adopted as state policy by Joseph Stalin. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall Utility, that is its contribution to happiness The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common At the Paris meeting delegation from 20 countries participated. [1] It continued the work of the dissolved First International, though excluding the still-powerful anarcho-syndicalist movement and unions, and was in existence until 1916. Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of Anarchism which focuses on the labour movement. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year

Among the Second International's most famous actions were its (1889) declaration of May 1 as International Workers' Day and its (1910) declaration of March 8 as International Women's Day. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. International Workers' Day (a name used interchangeably with May Day) is a celebration of the social and economic achievements of the international Labour International Women's Day ( IWD) is marked on March 8 every year It initiated the international campaign for the 8-hour working day. The 8-hour day movement or 40-hour week movement (aka the Short-time movement) had its origins in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where [2]

The International's permanent executive and information body was the International Socialist Bureau (I. S. B. ), based in Brussels and formed after the International's Paris Congress of 1900. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Emile Vandervelde and Camille Huysmans of the Belgian Labour Party were its chair and secretary. Emile Vandervelde (1866–1938 was a Belgian statesman born at Ixelles. Jean Joseph Camille Huysmans (26 May 1871 - 23 February 1968 born as Camiel Hansen was a Flemish - Belgium Politician. The Belgian Labour Party, called Belgische Werkliedenpartij (BWP in Dutch (English translation Belgian Workers' Party and Parti Ouvrier Belge (POB in Lenin was a member from 1905.

The Second International dissolved during World War I, in 1916, as the separate national parties that composed it did not maintain a unified front against the war, instead generally supporting their respective nations' role. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All French socialist leader Jean Jaurès's assassination, a few days before the beginning of the war, symbolized the failure of the antimilitarist doctrine of the Second International. Jean Léon Jaurès (full name Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès; 3 September 1859 31 July 1914) was a French Antimilitarism is a doctrine commonly found in the Anarchist and more globally in the Socialist movement which may be both characterized as Internationalist In 1915, at the Zimmerwald Conference, anti-war socialists attempted to maintain international unity against the social patriotism of the social democratic leaders. The Zimmerwald Conference was held in Zimmerwald, Switzerland, from September 5 through September 8, 1915. Social Patriotism is an openly patriotic standpoint which combines Patriotism with Socialism. The International continued in skeleton form in neutral Switzerland through the war, as the Berne International. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The term Berne International refers to the skeleton continuation formally called the International Socialist Commission (ISC of the Socialist Second International

In 1920, the defunct Second International was reorganized. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar However, some European socialist parties refused to join the reorganized international, and decided instead to form the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP) ("Second and a half International" or "Two-and-a-half International"), heavily influenced by Austromarxism. The International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP also known as 2½ International or the Vienna International; German: Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft Austromarxism was a Marxist theoretical current led by Victor Adler, Otto Bauer, Karl Renner and Max Adler, members of the Social In 1923, IWUSP and the Second International merged to form the social democratic Labour and Socialist International. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties This international continued to exist until 1940. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After World War II, the Socialist International was formed to continue the policies of the Labour and Socialist International, and it continues to this day. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties

Contents

Congresses of the Second International

  1. 1889 - Paris
  2. 1891 - Brussels
  3. 1893 - Zürich
  4. 1896 - London
  5. 1900 - Paris
  6. 1904 - Amsterdam
  7. 1907 - Stuttgart
  8. 1910 - Copenhagen
  9. 1912 - Basel (Extraordinary Congress)

Prominent Members of the Second International

Germany:

France:

Russia:

Austria:

The Netherlands:

Belgium:

Switzerland:

Ireland:

In Latin America

In Latin America, the International had two affiliates; the Socialist Party of Argentina and the Socialist Party of Uruguay. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly. August Ferdinand Bebel ( February 22 1840 &ndash August 13 1913) was a German social democrat and one of the founders of the Hugo Haase ( September 29, 1863 – November 7, 1919) was a German politician Jurist and Pacifist. Karl Kautsky ( October 16 1854 - October 17 1938) was a leading theoretician of Social democracy. ( August 13, 1871 - January 15, 1919) was a German Socialist and a co-founder of the Spartacist League and the Communist Wilhelm Liebknecht ( March 29, 1826 &ndash August 7, 1900) was a German Social democrat, one of the founders of the Rosa Luxemburg (Róża Luksemburg 5 March 1870 or 1871 15 January 1919 was a Polish-born Jewish German Marxist theorist, socialist Clara Zetkin, maiden name Eissner ( 5 July 1857 - 20 June 1933) was an influential socialist German politician Jules Basile Guesde ( November 11, 1845 - July 28, 1922) was a French Socialist journalist and politician Jean Léon Jaurès (full name Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès; 3 September 1859 31 July 1914) was a French Gustave Hervé ( Brest, January 2, 1871 - Paris 1944 was a French Politician. Marie Édouard Vaillant ( 26 January 1840 &ndash 18 December 1915) was a French politician Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov (Георгий Валентинович Плеханов ( December 11, 1856 &ndash May 30, 1918; Pavel Borisovich Axelrod (Павел Борисович Аксельрод ( August 25 1850 &ndash April 16 1928) was a Russian Victor Adler ( June 24, 1852 Prague &ndash November 11, 1918 Vienna) was an Austrian Social Democratic Karl Renner ( December 14, 1870 – December 31, 1950) was an Austrian Politician. Pieter Jelles Troelstra ( Leeuwarden, 20 April 1860 – The Hague, 12 May 1930) was a Dutch politician Jean Joseph Camille Huysmans (26 May 1871 - 23 February 1968 born as Camiel Hansen was a Flemish - Belgium Politician. Emile Vandervelde (1866–1938 was a Belgian statesman born at Ixelles. Robert Grimm ( 16 April 1881 – 8 March 1958) was a Swiss Socialist politician and former President of the Swiss National James Connolly (Séamas Ó Conghaile 5 June 1868 &ndash 12 May 1916 was an Irish Socialist leader The Socialist Party ( Partido Socialista) is a social-democratic Political party in Argentina. The Socialist Party of Uruguay ( Spanish: Partido Socialista del Uruguay) is an Uruguayan Political party founded in 1910. [3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Rubio, José Luis. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties The International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP also known as 2½ International or the Vienna International; German: Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft The International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP also known as 2½ International or the Vienna International; German: Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow The Fourth International ( FI) is a communist international organisation working in opposition to both Capitalism and Stalinism. This is a list of Trotskyist internationals. It includes all of the many Political internationals which self-identify as Trotskyist. Las internacionales obreras en América. Madrid: 1971. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. p. 42
  2. ^ Rubio, José Luis. Las internacionales obreras en América. Madrid: 1971. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. p. 43
  3. ^ Rubio, José Luis. Las internacionales obreras en América. Madrid: 1971. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. p. 49

External links

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