A season is one of the major divisions of the year, generally based on yearly periodic changes in weather. Nature, in the broadest sense is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe. The weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given Atmosphere at a given Time. Spring is one of the four Temperate Seasons Spring marks the transition from Winter into Summer. Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days Autumn (also known as fall in North American English) is one of the four Temperate Seasons Autumn marks the transition from Summer Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the Tropics. A wet season or rainy season is a Season in which the average Rainfall in a region is significantly increased A storm is any disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere, especially affecting its surface and strongly implying Severe weather. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are a group of Cyclones defined as synoptic scale low A winter storm is an event in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold Temperatures such as Snow or A blizzard is a severe Winter storm condition characterized by low Temperatures strong Winds and heavy blowing Snow Blizzards are formed when An ice storm is a type of Winter storm characterized by Freezing rain. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric Fog is a cloud that is in contact with the ground Stratus clouds are usually the only clouds that touch the ground Drizzle (also called mizzle) is light precipitation consisting of liquid water drops smaller than that of Rain, and generally smaller than 0 Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to Freezing rain is a type of precipitation that begins as Snow at higher altitude falling from a Cloud towards earth melts completely on its way down while passing Ice pellets are a form of precipitation consisting of small Translucent ice balls Hail is a form of precipitation which consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice (hailstones "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. Graupel (also called snow pellets) refers to precipitation that forms when supercooled Droplets of Water condense on a Snowflake forming This is a list of meteorology topics. The terms relate to Meteorology, the Interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on Meteorology (from Greek grc μετέωρος metéōros, "high in the sky" and grc -λογία -logia) is the Interdisciplinary Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of Chemicals Particulate matter, or Biological materials that cause harm or discomfort A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun The weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given Atmosphere at a given Time.

Seasons happen due to the yearly revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to the plane of revolution. In Temperate and Polar regions, the seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight which may cause animals to go into hibernation or to migrate, and plants to be dormant.

The Northern hemisphere is closer to the sun at times of the year than the southern, it is exposed to more light causing summer to come into action at different times as the earth revolves.

In temperate and polar regions generally four seasons are recognized: spring, summer, autumn, winter. Regions with a polar climate are characterized by a lack of warm summers (specifically no month having an average temperature of 10 °C or higher Spring is one of the four Temperate Seasons Spring marks the transition from Winter into Summer. Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days Autumn (also known as fall in North American English) is one of the four Temperate Seasons Autumn marks the transition from Summer Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox

In some tropical and subtropical regions it is more common to speak of the rainy (or wet, or monsoon) season versus the dry season, because the amount of precipitation may vary more dramatically than the average temperature. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of A wet season or rainy season is a Season in which the average Rainfall in a region is significantly increased A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the Tropics. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric In other tropical areas a three-way division into hot, rainy and cool season is used. In some parts of the world, special "seasons" are loosely defined based upon important events such as a hurricane season, tornado season or a wildfire season. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus A wildfire, also known as a wildland fire, forest fire, brush fire, vegetation fire, grass fire, Peat fire,

Causes and effects

Illumination of the earth during various seasons

Fig. 1
This is a diagram of the seasons, regardless of the time of day (i. e. the Earth's rotation on its axis), the North Pole will be dark, and the South Pole will be illuminated; see also arctic winter. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is subject to the caveats explained below defined as the point in the northern The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth. The polar night is the night lasting more than 24 hours usually inside the Polar circles The opposite phenomenon when the sun stays above the horizon for a long time is called In addition to the density of incident light, the dissipation of light in the atmosphere is greater when it falls at a shallow angle. Angle of incidence is a measure of deviation of something from "straight on" for example in the approach of a ray to a surface or the angle In Physics, dissipation embodies the concept of a Dynamical system where important mechanical modes such as Waves or Oscillations lose Energy Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five

Main article: Effect of sun angle on climate

The seasons result from the Earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane; it deviates by an angle of approximately 23. The amount of heat energy received at any location on the globe is a direct effect of sun angle of climate, as the angle at which Sunlight strikes the earth EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 A rotation is a movement of an object in a circular motion A two- Dimensional object rotates around a center (or point) of rotation In Astronomy, axial tilt is the Inclination angle of a planet's rotational axis in relation to its orbital plane. The orbital plane of an object orbiting another is the geometrical plane in which the orbit is embedded. 5 degrees. This article describes the unit of angle For other meanings see Degree. Thus, at any given time during summer or winter, one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the Sun (see Fig. The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. 1). This exposure alternates as the Earth revolves in its orbit. At any given time, regardless of season, the northern and southern hemispheres experience opposite seasons. Northern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is North of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball'

It is easy to observe the effect of the axis tilt from the change in day length, and altitude of the Sun at noon (the culmination of the Sun), during a year. Day length, or length of day, or length of daytime, refers to the temporal length of a day or 24 hours during which there is daylight In Astronomy, a celestial coordinate system is a Coordinate system for mapping positions in the sky Noon (also midday) is the hour of 1200 in an observer's local time zone or more loosely a time near the middle of the day when workers in many countries take a meal break In astronomy the culmination, at a given point of a Planet, Star, Constellation, etc A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun

Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres are further caused by the elliptical orbit of Earth. In Astronomy, Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion are three mathematical laws that describe the motion of Planets in the Solar System. Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the Sun) in January, and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the Sun) in July. In Celestial mechanics, an apsis, plural apsides (ˈæpsɨdɪːz is the point of greatest or least distance of the Elliptical orbit of an object from The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. In Celestial mechanics, an apsis, plural apsides (ˈæpsɨdɪːz is the point of greatest or least distance of the Elliptical orbit of an object from Even though the effect this has on Earth's seasons is minor, it does noticeably soften the northern hemisphere's winters and summers. In the southern hemisphere, the opposite effect is observed.

Seasonal weather fluctuations (changes) also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans or other large bodies of water, currents in those oceans, El Niño/ENSO and other oceanic cycles, and prevailing winds. An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. An ocean current is continuous directed movement of Ocean water. El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO; commonly referred to as simply El Niño) is a global coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon Wind is the flow of Air or other Gases that compose an Atmosphere (including but not limited to the Earth's)

In the temperate and polar regions, seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight, which in turn often causes cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals. Sunlight, in the broad sense is the total spectrum of the Electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. A life cycle is a period involving 1 Generation of an Organism through means of Reproduction, whether through Asexual reproduction or Sexual For the ability of certain operating systems see Hibernate (OS feature Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water. For example, the South Pole is in the middle of the continent of Antarctica and therefore a considerable distance from the moderating influence of the southern oceans. The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean, and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water. The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is subject to the caveats explained below defined as the point in the northern The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major The result is that the South Pole is consistently colder during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter.

The cycle of seasons in the polar and temperate zones of one hemisphere is opposite to that in the other. When it is summer in the Northern hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern hemisphere, and vice versa. Northern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is North of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball'

In the tropics, there is no noticeable change in the amount of sunlight. However, many regions (such as the northern Indian ocean) are subject to monsoon rain and wind cycles. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to A study of temperature records over the past 300 years^[1] shows that the climatic seasons, and thus the seasonal year, are governed by the anomalistic year rather than the tropical year. The seasonal year is the time between successive recurrences of a Seasonal event such as the flooding of a river the migration of a species of bird or the flowering of a species A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun A tropical year (also known as a solar year) is the length of time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons as seen from Earth

In meteorological terms, the summer solstice and winter solstice (or the maximum and minimum insolation, respectively) do not fall in the middles of summer and winter. Solstices occur twice a year when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most oriented toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to reach its northernmost and southernmost extremes Insolation is a measure of Solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time The heights of these seasons occur up to a month later because of seasonal lag. Seasonal lag is the phenomenon whereby the date of maximum average air temperature at a geographical location on a Planet is delayed until some time after the date of maximum Seasons, though, are not always defined in meteorological terms.

Compared to axial tilt, other factors contribute little to seasonal temperature changes. The seasons are not the result of the variation in Earth’s distance to the sun because of its elliptical orbit. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 In Astrodynamics or Celestial mechanics an elliptic orbit is a Kepler orbit with the eccentricity greater than 0 and less than 1 ^[2] Orbital eccentricity can influence temperatures, but on Earth, this effect is small and is more than counteracted by other factors; research shows that the Earth as a whole is actually slightly warmer when farther from the sun. In Astrodynamics, under standard assumptions, any Orbit must be of Conic section shape ^[3] Mars however experiences wide temperature variations and violent dust storms every year at perihelion. ^[4]

Polar day and night

Any point north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle will have one period in the summer when the sun does not set, and one period in the winter when the sun does not rise. The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. The Antarctic Circle is one of the five major circles (or parallels of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. At progressively higher latitudes, the periods of "midnight sun" (or "midday dark" for the other side of the globe) are progressively longer. The midnight sun is a phenomenon occurring in Latitudes north and nearby to the south of the Arctic Circle and south and nearby to the north of the For example, at the military and weather station Alert on the northern tip of Ellesmere Island, Canada (about 450 nautical miles or 830 km from the North Pole), the sun begins to peek above the horizon in mid-February and each day it climbs higher and stays up longer; by 21 March, the sun is up for 12 hours. Alert, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut Canada, is the northernmost permanently inhabited place in the world Ellesmere Island is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A nautical mile or sea mile is a unit of Length. It corresponds approximately to one minute of Latitude along any meridian. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is subject to the caveats explained below defined as the point in the northern Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. However, mid-February is not first light. The sky (as seen from Alert) has twilight, or at least a pre-dawn glow on the horizon, for increasing hours each day, for more than a month before the sun first appears. Twilight is the time before Sunrise, called Dawn, and the time after Sunset, called Dusk.

In the weeks surrounding 21 June, the sun is at its highest, and it appears to circle the sky without going below the horizon. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Eventually, it does go below the horizon, for progressively longer periods each day until, around the middle of October, it disappears for the last time. For a few more weeks, "day" is marked by decreasing periods of twilight. Eventually, for the weeks surrounding 21 December, it is continuously dark. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian In later winter, the first faint wash of light briefly touches the horizon (for just minutes per day), and then increases in duration and pre-dawn brightness each day until sunrise in February.

3D Simulation

It is possible to explore interactively in this 3D season simulation, the main elements of this article such as:

• Effect of sun angle on climate,
• tilt of the earth's axe of poles,
• Polar day and night
• Earth in 3D light

Reckoning

Meteorological

Meteorological seasons are reckoned by temperature, with summer being the hottest quarter of the year and winter the coldest quarter of the year.

Using this reckoning, the Roman calendar began the year and the spring season on the first of March, with each season occupying three months. The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. This reckoning is also used in Denmark, the former USSR, and Australia. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. In the modern United Kingdom there are no hard and fast rules about seasons, and informally many people use this reckoning. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

So, in meteorology for the Northern hemisphere: spring begins on March 1, summer on June 1, autumn on September 1, and winter on December 1. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Conversely, for the Southern hemisphere: summer begins on December 1, autumn on March 1, winter on June 1, and spring on September 1. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.

Astronomical

In astronomical reckoning, the seasons begin at the solstices and equinoxes. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study Solstices occur twice a year when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most oriented toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to reach its northernmost and southernmost extremes An equinox is the event of the Sun passing over the Earth's equator in its annual cycle The cross-quarter days are considered seasonal midpoints. A cross-quarter day is a day falling approximately halfway between a Solstice and an Equinox. The length of these seasons is not uniform because of the elliptical orbit of the earth and its different speeds along that orbit. In Astronomy, Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion are three mathematical laws that describe the motion of Planets in the Solar System.

In the conventional United States calendar: Winter (89 days) begins on 21 December, the winter solstice; spring (92 days) on 20 March, the vernal equinox; summer (93 days) on 20 June, the summer solstice; and autumn (90 days) on 22 September, the autumnal equinox. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians

Because of the differences in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, it is no longer considered appropriate to use the northern-seasonal designations for the astronomical quarter days. The modern convention for them is: March Equinox; June Solstice; September Equinox; and December Solstice

Traditional

Traditional seasons are reckoned by insolation, with summer being the quarter of the year with the greatest insolation and winter the quarter with the least. Insolation is a measure of Solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time These seasons begin about 4 weeks earlier than the meteorological seasons and 7 weeks earlier than the astronomical seasons.

In traditional reckoning, the seasons begin at the cross-quarter days. A cross-quarter day is a day falling approximately halfway between a Solstice and an Equinox. The solstices and equinoxes are the midpoints of these seasons. For example, the days of greatest and least insolation are considered the "midsummer" and "midwinter" respectively.

This reckoning is used by various traditional cultures in the Northern Hemisphere, including East Asian and Irish cultures. A solar term is one of 24 points in traditional East Asian Lunisolar calendars that matches a particular astronomical event or signifies some natural phenomenon In Iran, Afghanistan and some other parts of middle east the beginning of the astronomical spring is the beginning of the new year which is called Nowruz. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Nowrūz ( /noruz/ ↔, (English New Day various local pronunciations and spellings) is the traditional Iranian New year Holiday celebrated

So, according to traditional reckoning, winter begins between 5 November and 10 November, Samhain, 立冬 (lìdōng); spring between 2 February and 7 February, Imbolc, 立春 (lìchūn); summer between 4 May and 10 May, Beltane, 立夏 (lìxià); and autumn between 3 August and 10 August, Lughnasadh, 立秋 (lìqiū). Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Samhain (ˈsaʊn or /ˈsɑːwɪn/ Irish /ˈsˠaunʲ/ from the Old Irish samain) is the word for November in a few Gaelic languages The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Imbolc is one of the four principal festivals of the Irish calendar, celebrated among Gaelic peoples and some other Celtic cultures either at the beginning The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Beltane is the anglicized spelling of Bealtaine ( or Bealltainn ( the Gaelic names for either the month of May or the festival that takes place on Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Lughnasadh ( Old Irish, pronounced luɣnəsəð Modern Irish Lá Lúnasa; Modern Gaelic Lùnastal) is a Gaelic The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 The middle of each season is considered Mid-winter, between 20 December and 23 December, 冬至 (dōngzhì); Mid-spring, between 19 March and 22 March, 春分 (chūnfēn); Mid-summer, between 19 June and 23 June, 夏至 (xiàzhì); and Mid-autumn, between 21 September and 24 September, 秋分 (qiūfēn). Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city The winter solstice occurs at the instant when the Sun 's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. An equinox is the event of the Sun passing over the Earth's equator in its annual cycle Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Solstices occur twice a year when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most oriented toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to reach its northernmost and southernmost extremes Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. An equinox is the event of the Sun passing over the Earth's equator in its annual cycle .

Australia

In Australia, the traditional aboriginal people defined the seasons by what was happening to the plants, animals and weather around them. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. This led to each separate tribal group having different seasons, some with up to 8 seasons each year. However, most modern Aboriginal Australians follow the meteorological seasons as do non-Aboriginal Australians.

In art

The (four) seasons have inspired many artists. Below is a list of some notable artwork about this theme:

• The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)
• The Seasons (poem)
• Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter… and Spring

See also

• Perennial tea ceremony
• Months

References

External links

• Australian Weather and Seasons
• When do the Seasons Begin? (from the Bad Astronomer)
• Solstice does not signal season's start (from The Straight Dope)
• Why the Earth has seasons article on h2g2. Dr Philip Plait (aka The Bad Astronomer) is an Astronomer and Skeptic who runs the Website BadAstronomy The Straight Dope is a popular question-and-answer Newspaper column published in the Chicago Reader, syndicated in thirty Newspapers h2g2 is a collaborative online encyclopedia project engaged in the construction of in its own words "an unconventional guide to life the universe and everything"
• Aboriginal seasons of Kakadu
• Indigenous seasons (Australian Bureau of Meteorology)
• Mt Stirling Seasons
• The Lost Seasons
• Melbourne's six seasons
• The Lengths of the Seasons (numerical integration analysis)
• [2] (Earth distance vs tilt)