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Scotch gauge was the name given to a 4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm) rail gauge, the distance between the inner sides of the rails, that was adopted by early 19th century railways mainly in the Lanarkshire area of Scotland. Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways Minimum Gauge Railways have a gauge of less than or, most commonly,, or. Named gauges Broad gauge railways by gauge and country Standard gauge railways, by country This is the Standard or international Dual-gauge or mixed-gauge Railway is a special configuration of railway track, allowing trains of different gauges to use the same track With railways a break-of-gauge is where a line of one gauge meets a line of a different gauge Tramway track is used on tramways or Light rail operations Grooved rails (or girder rails are often used in order to make street running feasible Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Lanarkshire ( Siorrachd Lannraig in Gaelic) officially the County of Lanark, was formerly a county of Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

It differed from the gauge of 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) that was used on some early lines in England and from Standard gauge. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. It became obsolete in the early 1840s when Standard gauge lines began to be constructed in Scotland. Events and trends Technology First use of General anesthesia in an operation by Crawford Long.

Contents

Scottish railways built to Scotch gauge

A small number of early to mid 19th century passenger railways were built to Scotch gauge, they include:

The Ardrossan and Johnstone Railway. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Ardrossan Railway was a Railway company in Scotland built in the mid 19th century that primarily ran services between Kilwinning and Ardrossan [1] 
Length: 10 mile (16 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2] Authorised on 20 July 1806 and opened on 6 November 1810;[3]
The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway was an early mineral railway running from a colliery at Monklands to the Forth and Clyde Canal at Kirkintilloch, [4] 
Length: 10 mile (16 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2] Authorised on 17 May 1824 and opened on 1 October 1826. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display [3] The engineer was Thomas Grainger. [4]
The Ballochney Railway. The Ballochney Railway was an early mineral Railway built near Airdrie, in the Monklands District of Scotland. [1] 
Length: 6½ mile (10 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2] Incorporated on 19 May 1826 and opened on 8 August 1828. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap [3]
The Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway. The Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway received the Royal assent on 26 May 1826 as a Horse -drawn tramway to the Scotch gauge, of, to [1] 
Authorised on 26 May 1826 and opened in part on 4 July 1831. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a [3]
The Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway. The Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway was Incorporated on 26 May 1826; and it was ceremonially opened on 27 September 1831. [1] 
Length: 8¼ mile (13 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2] Incorporated on 26 May 1826 and ceremonially opened on 27 September 1831 for both passengers and goods. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a [3] The engineers were Grainger and Miller from Edinburgh: (Thomas Grainger and John Miller). Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. [1] [4]
The Wishaw and Coltness Railway. The Wishaw and Coltness Railway was an early Scottish railway [4] 
Length: 11 mile (18 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2] Incorporated on 21 June 1829 and partially opened on 21 March 1834. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common [3] The engineers were Grainger and Miller from Edinburgh: (Thomas Grainger and John Miller). Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. [4]
The Slamannan Railway. The Slamannan Railway was an early mineral railway built near Slamannan, Falkirk, Scotland, in an area containing Coal and Iron ore [1] 
Length: 12½ mile (20 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [1][2] Incorporated on 3 July 1835 and opened on 31 August 1840. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year [3]
The Paisley and Renfrew Railway. The Paisley and Renfrew railway was established as a Railway line from the Town of Paisley to its neighbouring town Renfrew; and to the [1] 
Length: 3 mile (5 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2] Authorised on 21 July 1835 and opened on 3 April 1837 for both passengers and goods. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common [3] The engineer was Thomas Grainger. [4]

Interestingly Robert Stephenson and Company built a Scotch gauge locomotive, the St. Robert Stephenson and Company was a Locomotive manufacturing company founded in 1823 A locomotive is a railway Vehicle that provides the motive power for a Train. Rollox, for the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway; which was later sold to the Paisley and Renfrew Railway. The Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway was Incorporated on 26 May 1826; and it was ceremonially opened on 27 September 1831. The Paisley and Renfrew railway was established as a Railway line from the Town of Paisley to its neighbouring town Renfrew; and to the [1][3]

All the lines were later relaid in Standard gauge. [1][3]

Other early 19th century Scottish gauges

4ft 6½in gauge

In addition to the above lines, there were three railways, authorised between 1822 and 1835, that were built in the Dundee area, to a gauge of 4ft 6½in (1385 mm). Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council They were:

The Dundee and Newtyle Railway. Dundee and Newtyle Railway opened in 1832 and was the first railway in the north of Scotland. [1] [4] 
Length: 10½ mile (17 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2]
The Newtyle and Coupar Angus Railway. [1] [4] 
Length: 6⅓ mile (10 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2]
The Newtyle and Glammis Railway. [1] [4] 
Length: 10 mile (16 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2]

5ft 6in gauge

Grainger and Miller built another two railway lines in the same area to a gauge of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm). Thomas Grainger is said to have chosen this gauge, since he regarded Standard gauge as being too narrow and Isambard Kingdom Brunel's 7 ft 0¼ in (2,140 mm) Broad Gauge as being too wide. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Isambard Kingdom Brunel, FRS (9 April 1806 &ndash 15 September 1859 (ˈɪzəmbɑrd ˈkɪŋdəm brʊˈnɛl was a British Engineer. [1] They were:

The Dundee and Arbroath Railway;[1] [4] 
Length: 14½ mile (23 km). The Dundee and Arbroath Railway was a railway link between those two towns in Scotland which ran along the banks of the River Tay. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2] Incorporated on 19 May 1836 and opened in part in October 1838. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap [3]
The Arbroath and Forfar Railway. The Arbroath and Forfar Railway was a Railway that ran from the North East coast of Scotland at Arbroath inland (north to Guthrie on the Aberdeen [1] [4] 
Length: 15 mile (24 km). A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand [2] Incorporated on 19 May 1836 and opened in part on 24 November 1838. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common [3]

End of Scotch gauge

The Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway and the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway, which both obtained Parliamentary Approval on 15 July 1837 and were later to become part of the Glasgow and South Western Railway and the Caledonian Railway, respectively, were built to Standard Gauge from the start. The Glasgow Paisley Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway (GPK&AR was a railway in Scotland that provided train services between Glasgow, Kilmarnock and Ayr. The Glasgow Paisley and Greenock Railway was an early railway which merged with the Caledonian Railway. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR one of the pre- grouping railway companies, served a triangular area of south-west Scotland, between Glasgow The Caledonian Railway was a major Scottish Railway company operating in Scotland The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. [1]

The Standard gauge of 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm), also known as the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, was adopted in Great Britain after 1846. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. George Stephenson ( 9 June 1781 &ndash 12 August 1848) was an English Civil engineer and mechanical engineer See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Whishall
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Popplewell
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Awdry
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Robertson

References

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