Santa Fe

Coat of Arms
Capital	Santa Fe
Area	133,007 km²
Population	3,000,701 (2001)
Density	22. Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. M^2 redirects here For other uses see M². CM2 redirects here Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 56/km²
Governor	Hermes Binner (PS)
Demonym	Santafesino
ISO 3166-2	AR-S

Santa Fe is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Hermes Juan Binner (b 5 June 1943 in Rafaela, province of Santa Fe) is an Argentine medical doctor and a politician A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place ISO 3166-2AR is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Argentina. Regions See also Geography of Argentina The country is also divided into six or seven regions (seven when The Pampas is divided into the Pampas' plains For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero. Corrientes, Spanish for "currents" or "rapids" is a province in northeast Argentina, in the Mesopotamia region. Entre Ríos is a province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region in the northeast of the country Buenos Aires Province (ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires is the most populated province of Argentina. Córdoba is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country Santiago del Estero is a province of Argentina, located in the north of the country Together with Córdoba and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economico-political association known as the Center Region. The Center Region of Argentina (in Spanish, Región Centro) is the political and economical association of the provinces of Córdoba

Santa Fe's most important cities are Rosario (population 908,000), the capital Santa Fe (369,000), Rafaela (83,000), Villa Gobernador Gálvez (74,000), Venado Tuerto (69,000), Reconquista (66,000), and Santo Tomé (58,000). Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Rafaela is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, about 96 km from the provincial capital. Villa Gobernador Gálvez is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located on the western ravine of the Paraná River, within the Venado Tuerto is a city in the south-west of the, 322 km from the provincial capital. Reconquista is a city in the north of the, from the provincial capital. Santo Tomé is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina.

The illiteracy rate of the province is 3. 7%.

History

The aboriginal tribes who inhabited this region were the Tobas, Timbúes, Mocovíes, Pilagás, Guaycurúes, and Guaraníes. The Toba are an ethnic group in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. The Mocoví language is a Guaicuruan language of Argentina spoken by about 4500 people mostly in Santa Fé province Pilagá is a language spoken by 2000 people in the Bermejo and Pilcomayo River valleys western Formosa Province, in addition to Chaco Guaraní are a group of culturally related indigenous peoples of South America, distinguished from the related Tupi by their use of the Guaraní language They were nomadic, lived from hunting, fishing and fruit recollection. Nomadic people, (from the νομάδες nomádes, "those who let pasture herds" also known as nomads, are communities of people that

The first European settlement was established in 1527, at the confluence of the Paraná and Carcarañá rivers, when Sebastián Gaboto, on his way to the north, founded a fort named Sancti Spiritus, which was destroyed two years later by the natives. This article is about the second-longest river in South America For the shorter river in Goiás, central Brazil see Paranã River The Paraná River The Carcarañá River is a River in Argentina. It is born at the confluence of the Río Tercero and the Saladillo River (the lower course of the Río Sebastian Cabot ( Italian: Sebastiano Caboto, Spanish: Sebastiano Gaboto; c

In 1573 Juan de Garay founded the city of Santa Fe in the surroundings of present town Cayastá, but the city was moved in 1651 and 1660 to its present location. Juan de Garay (1528 &ndash 1583 was a Spanish Basque Conquistador.

In 1812 the lawyer and general Manuel Belgrano created and displayed for the first time the Argentine flag on the banks of the Paraná River, at Rosario (by that time a small village), 160 km south of Santa Fe. Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano, usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano ( June 3, 1770 &ndash June 20, 1820

In 1815, while Alvear's central government felt due to Ignacio Álvarez Thomas' rebellion (at that time commander of an army sent to Santa Fe against Artigas), Francisco Candioti, the local militia chief, took over, peacefully, of government, thus starting the era of Santa Fe as an autonomous province. Carlos María de Alvear (born on October 25 1789 in Santo Ángel Misiones &ndash died on November 3 1852 in New York José Ignacio Álvarez Thomas ( February 15, 1787 - July 19, 1857) was a South American military commander and politician of the early José Gervasio Artigas Aznar ( June 19 1764 - September 23 1850) was a national hero of Uruguay and is sometimes called "the father The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service This period was short lived, since that same year Candioti died and central government reestablished the dependent government. However, in 1816, the caudillos Mariano Vera and Estanislao López deposed the governor delegate and proclaimed the sovereignty of the province and its membership into Artigas's Free Peoples League (Liga de Pueblos Libres). Mariano Vera was a Caudillo and governor of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, between 12 April 1816 and Estanislao López (1786–1838 was a governor and Caudillo of the, between 1818 and 1838 a hero of provincial Federalism and an ally of Juan Manuel Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself José Gervasio Artigas Aznar ( June 19 1764 - September 23 1850) was a national hero of Uruguay and is sometimes called "the father

López drew, in 1818, a provincial constitution of a strongly conservative flavour, after rejecting a project proposed by a provincial assembly; Santa Fe was the first province to have its constitution. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined During the civil strifes of 1820, Santa Fe troops were decisive in the defeat of Buenos Aires' centralist army. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern So, in time, López gradually became the Federation's Patriarch, establishing himself as the central figure of the Federal Party until his death in 1838.

After López's death it was his secretary and right hand, José María Cullen the one elected governor. However, being Cullen a potential rival of Buenos Aires governor and Confederation's Foreign Affairs Representative, Juan Manuel de Rosas, he sook and got Cullen's capture and execution, naming pro-Rosas Juan Pablo López as governor. Juan Manuel de Rosas (born Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rozas y López de Osornio in Buenos Aires, March 30, 1793 &ndash Southampton The new governor maintained in power, alterning with Pascual Echagüe, until the province invasion by Justo José de Urquiza's Great Army in 1851, and during his term the province adopted a new constitution in 1841. Justo José de Urquiza y García ( October 18, 1801  &ndash  April 11, 1870) was an Argentine general and politician

After the organization of the nation, the province entered an era of peace and prosperity; in 1872 the railways already connected many points of the province, as well as the telegraph lines, and in 1889 the Provincial University of Santa Fe was founded. The National University of the Littoral (in Spanish Universidad Nacional del Litoral, UNL is a University in Argentina.

The political hegemony of the conservative groups was challenged by the new ideas brought by the European immigrants gave birth to the Radical Civic Union (UCR) and the Progressive Democratic Party (PDP), and the creation of the Argentine Agrarian Federation. The original inhabitants of Argentina were descendants of Asian peoples that crossed the Bering Land Bridge into North America and then over thousands The Radical Civic Union (in Spanish Unión Cívica Radical, UCR) is a Political party in Argentina. Argentine Agrarian Federation (in Spanish Federación Agraria Argentina, FAA is a private institution that serves as a bussines organization for small and medium These two parties had many strong electoral contests with the province's conservative parties.

After the Electoral Reform of Roque Sáenz Peña in 1912, the UCR reached the government and stayed until the coup of 1930. Roque Sáenz Peña Lahitte ( March 19, 1851 - 9 August, 1914) was President of Argentina from 12 October During this time, more precisely in 1919, the National University of the Littoral was founded. The National University of the Littoral (in Spanish Universidad Nacional del Litoral, UNL is a University in Argentina. In 1932 it was the PDP who got the governor's seat.

The province importance kept growing, as a major agricultural producer, with Rosario as one of the most important ports of Argentina.

Geography and climate

Puente Colgante (Santa Fe)

Most of the province consists of green flatlands, part of the humid Pampas, bordering to the north with the Gran Chaco region. Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt The Gran Chaco ( Quechua chaqu, "hunting land" dubbed by some as "the last South American frontier" is a sparsely populated hot and There are low sierras to the west. The north has higher temperatures, with an annual average of 21 °C and precipitations of up to 1,100 mm in the east, decreasing towards the west, where there is a distinctive dry season during the winter. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The south presents lower temperatures, and slightly less precipitations.

The main river, and connection to open sea through the Río de la Plata is the Paraná River. The Río de la Plata ( Spanish: " Silver River" &mdash which is often referred to in English-speaking countries as the River Plate This article is about the second-longest river in South America For the shorter river in Goiás, central Brazil see Paranã River The Paraná River There are also other tributaries to the Paraná including the Salado del Norte, the Carcarañá and the Arroyo del Medio. For other rivers in Argentina named Salado see here The Salado River (in Spanish Río Salado, literally "Salty The Carcarañá River is a River in Argentina. It is born at the confluence of the Río Tercero and the Saladillo River (the lower course of the Río This page is about an arroyo (small river For the towns see Arroyo del Medio Misiones or Arroyo del Medio Entre Ríos. The plain lands tend to be flooded after heavy rains due to the growth of the Paraná and Salado rivers. In 2003 a rapid rise of the Salado produced a catastrophic flood of the capital and many communities in the north-center of the province, prompting the evacuation of no fewer than 100,000 people and major economic losses. See also 2002 in Argentina, other events of 2003, 2004 in Argentina ---- Events January 3 January: The This article is about the flooding of Santa Fe, capital of the, in April 2003. In 2007, several days of heavy rainfall flooded more than 60 towns in the center and south of the province, including sections of Santa Fe and Rosario, causing tens of thousands of people to be evacuated, crop losses, and widespread damage to the physical infrastructure of the area. The littoral region of Argentina underwent heavy rainstorms in the early autumn season of 2007.

Economy

Santa Fe's economy is one of the most important of the country. Twenty-one percent of the cultivated lands of Argentina are in Santa Fe, whose main crops are soybean (main national producer), sunflower, maize, wheat, and rice. The sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) is an Annual plant in the family Asteraceae and native to the Americas, with a large flowering Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many In smaller scale strawberry, honey and derivatives (300,000 beehives), wood, and cotton are produced. Garden strawberries are a common variety of strawberry cultivated worldwide Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the A beehive is in a general sense an enclosed structure in which some species of Honey bees (genus Apis) live and raise their young

The National Flag Memorial, in Rosario. The National Flag Memorial ( Spanish, Monumento Nacional a la Bandera) in Rosario, Argentina, is a Monumental complex built near the

The green grass of the province is ideal for the 6. 5 million heads of cattle (20% of national stock), which is not only source of meat but of 2,600 million of litres of milk per year (40% of the national production), which is processed by over 5,000 dairies. Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal Milk &mdashmostly from goats or cows, but also from buffalo, Sheep

The ports between Rosario and San Lorenzo are departure points for the export of the production of the Santa Fe and many other provinces; through them leave 65% of the Argentine cereal and 55% of the country's exports. San Lorenzo is a city in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located 23 km north of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná In 2004, Santa Fe's exports (7,170 million USD) accounted for 21% of the national total. Between 2001 and 2004 they increased 65. 2%. Derivates of soybean, flours and vegetable oils comprised about 2,000 million USD and over 7. 6 million tonnes. [1] In 2005 the ports of southern Santa Fe shipped 60% of the grains, 93% of the agricultural subproducts and 85% of the vegetable oils exported by Argentina. [2]

The industry of Santa Fe represents 30% of its production and is also among the top in Argentina. Mills that produce different flours and oils, beer, and other food industries, leather and textiles, hydrocarbon refineries, steel (1 million tonnes a year) and metals production, industrial and agricultural machines, car industry and others. A gristmill or grist mill is a building where Grain is ground into Flour, or the grinding mechanism itself Flour is a powder made of Cereal grains It is the key ingredient of Bread, which is a staple food in many countries and therefore the availability Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea In Organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an Organic compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0

Tourism is not an important activity in spite of the wide range of hotels and restaurants. Rosario, home to the National Flag Memorial (Monumento Nacional a la Bandera) and a number of museums, receives a number of visitors from Argentina. The National Flag Memorial ( Spanish, Monumento Nacional a la Bandera) in Rosario, Argentina, is a Monumental complex built near the The replica of the Sancti Spiritus Fort, the ruins of Cayastá and the city of Santa Fe are also common destinations. Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina.

Government

The provincial government is divided in the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a governor, popularly elected for non-reelegible four-year terms, who appoint the cabinet; the legislative, formed by a bicameral legislature (a 50-member Chamber of Deputies and a 19-member Senate, all elected for four-year terms); and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court and completed by several inferior tribunals. An election is a Decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office

From 1991, the executive and legislative officials were elected in single-round elections by a controversial system known as the Ley de Lemas. |||}The ley de lemas is the Spanish name of the double simultaneous voting (DSV system which is or has been used in elections in Argentina, Uruguay and This system was abolished in 2004; the new one includes compulsory primary elections, which were held for the first time in August 2005, with good results according to most analysis. A primary election ( nominating primary) also referred to simply as a primary, is an election in which voters in a Jurisdiction select candidates PortalCurrent events News collections and sources WikipediaNews collections and sources. The parliamentary elections of 23 October 2005 were the first main elections to be held after the abolition of the Ley de Lemas. Argentina held national parliamentary elections on Sunday 23 October, 2005. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Administrative division

Simplified political map of Santa Fe Province, showing departmental borders and head towns

The province is divided into 19 departments (in Spanish, departamentos), and the departments are divided in districts which can be organized as communes or municipalities. Departments (departamentos form the second level of administrative division in the Provinces of Argentina. A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or The communes are smaller towns, generally administered by a local commission led by a "communal president". The municipalities, which must have more than 10,000 inhabitants, are what is commonly called "cities". Municipalities have an executive officer (a mayor, called intendente) and a legislative body (called Concejo Municipal, a deliberative council). For administrative purposes, each department has a head town (cabecera), which may be either kind of district.

External links

• Official portal of the province. The Belgrano Department (in Spanish, Departamento Belgrano) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the province Las Rosas is a city in the southwest of the, located from the provincial capital. The Caseros Department (in Spanish, Departamento Caseros) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the province Casilda is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is the head town of the Caseros Department, and lies about west of Rosario The Castellanos Department (in Spanish, Departamento Castellanos) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the province Rafaela is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, about 96 km from the provincial capital. The Constitución Department (in Spanish, Departamento Constitución) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the Not to be confused with Empalme Villa Constitución. Villa Constitución is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina The Garay Department (in Spanish, Departamento Garay) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the province of Helvecia is a town ( comuna) in the center-east of the, on the San Javier River (which empties promptly into the Paraná River) The General López Department (in Spanish, Departamento General López) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the Melincué is a town ( comuna) in the south of the, 287 km from the provincial capital. The General Obligado Department (in Spanish, Departamento General Obligado) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the Reconquista is a city in the north of the, from the provincial capital. The Iriondo Department (in Spanish, Departamento Iriondo) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the. Cañada de Gómez is a city in the. It is the head town of the Iriondo Department and is located about west of Rosario and from the provincial capital on The La Capital Department (in Spanish, Departamento La Capital) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the province Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. The Las Colonias Department (in Spanish, Departamento Las Colonias) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the province Esperanza is a city in the center of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. The Nueve de Julio Department (in Spanish, Departamento Nueve de Julio) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the Tostado is a city in the northwest of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, north-west from the provincial capital. The Rosario Department (in Spanish, Departamento Rosario) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the. The San Cristóbal Department (in Spanish, Departamento San Cristóbal) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the San Cristóbal is a city in the center-north of the, 179 km north-northwest from the provincial capital. San Javier is a city in the northeast of the, 156 km north-northeast from the provincial capital. The San Jerónimo Department (in Spanish, Departamento San Jerónimo) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the. Coronda is a small city in the. It is located in the San Jerónimo Department, 43 km south from the provincial capital ( Santa Fe) The San Justo Department (in Spanish, Departamento San Justo) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the province San Justo is a city in the center region of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, 99 km north from the provincial capital. The San Lorenzo Department (in Spanish, Departamento San Lorenzo) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the. San Lorenzo is a city in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located 23 km north of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná The San Martín Department (in Spanish, Departamento San Martín) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the province Sastre is a town ( comuna) in the west of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, 139 km west from the provincial capital. The Vera Department (in Spanish, Departamento Vera) is an administrative subdivision ( departamento) of the province of Vera is a city in the north of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. (Spanish)
• Constitution of Santa Fe. (Spanish)