"St Andrew" redirects here, for other uses, see St Andrews (disambiguation).

Saint Andrew
Icon of the Apostle Andrew
Apostle, First-called
Born	early 1st Century AD/CE, Bethsaida
Died	mid-late 1st Century AD/CE, Patras, upon an X shaped cross
Venerated in	All Christianity
Major shrine	Church of St. An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. Bethsaida (/bɛθseɪ'ida/ Βηθσαΐδά Bēthsaidá Bet'shayid “ house of fishing” Bethsaida Julias A city east of the Jordan River, in Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used Andreas at Patras, with his relics
Feast	November 30
Attributes	Old man with long (in the East often untidy) white hair and beard, holding the Gospel Book or scroll, sometimes leaning on a saltire cross
Patronage	Scotland, Russia, Sicily, Greece, Romania, Amalfi, Luqa (Malta) and Prussia; Army Rangers, mariners, fishermen, fishmongers, rope-makers, singers and performers
Saints Portal

Saint Andrew (Greek: Ανδρέας, Andreas), called in the Orthodox tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Apostle and the younger brother of Saint Peter. Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Christianity has used symbols from its very beginnings Each Saint has a story and a reason why he or she led an exemplary life The Gospel Book, or Book of the Gospels ( Greek:, Evangélion) is a Codex or bound volume containing one or more of the four Gospels A scroll is a roll of Papyrus, Parchment, or Paper which has been written drawn or painted upon for the purpose of transmitting information or using as St Andrew's Cross redirects here For the item of BDSM furniture see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Amalfi is also a town in the Antioquia Departament in Colombia. For the airport near the village Malta International Airport. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Andrew is the English form of a Given name common in many countries Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e The name "Andrew" (from Greek : "ανδρεία", Andreia, manhood, or valour), like other Greek names, appears to have been common among the Jews from the second or third century B. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly C. No Hebrew or Aramaic name is recorded for him. Aramaic is a Semitic language with

The New Testament records that St Andrew was a son of Jonah, or John, (Matthew 16:17; John 1:42). He was born in Bethsaida on the Sea of Galilee (John 1:44). Bethsaida (/bɛθseɪ'ida/ Βηθσαΐδά Bēthsaidá Bet'shayid “ house of fishing” Bethsaida Julias A city east of the Jordan River, in The Sea of Galilee, also Sea of Genneseret, Lake Kinneret or Lake Tiberias (Hebrew ים כנרת) (Arabic بحيرة طبريا) Both he and his brother Peter were fishermen by trade, hence the tradition that Jesus called them to be his disciples by saying that He will make them "fishers of men" (Greek: ἁλιείς ἀνθρώπων, halieis anthropon). A fisherman or fisher is someone who gathers Fish, Shellfish, or other animals from a body of water Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly ^[1] At the beginning of Jesus' public life they occupied the same house at Capernaum (Mark 1:21-29).

The Gospel of John teaches that Andrew was a disciple of John the Baptist, whose testimony first led him and John the Evangelist to follow Jesus (John 1:35-40). The Gospel of John (literally According to John; Greek, Κατὰ Ἰωάννην Kata Iōannēn) is the fourth Gospel in the canon DISCiPLE, Miles Gordon Technology 's first product was a Floppy disk interface for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. Saint John the Evangelist (d ca 110 יוחנן " The LORD is merciful" Standard Hebrew Yoḥanan, Tiberian Hebrew Andrew at once recognized Jesus as the Messiah, and hastened to introduce him to his brother (John 1:41). This article is about the concept of a Messiah in religion notably in the Christian Islamic and Jewish traditions Thenceforth the two brothers were disciples of Christ. On a subsequent occasion, prior to the final call to the apostolate, they were called to a closer companionship, and then they left all things to follow Jesus (Luke 5:11; Matthew 4:19-20; Mark 1:17-18).

In the gospels Andrew is referred to as being present on some important occasions as one of the disciples more closely attached to Jesus (Mark 13:3; John 6:8, 12:22), but in Acts there is only a bare mention of him (1:13). The Acts of the Apostles is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament.

Eusebius quotes Origen as saying Andrew preached in Asia Minor and in Scythia, along the Black Sea as far as the Volga and Kiev. Origen ( Greek: Ōrigénēs, or Origen Adamantius, ca 185–ca Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black In Classical Antiquity, Scythia ( Greek Skuthia) was the area in Eurasia inhabited by the Scythians, from the 8th The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Hence he became a patron saint of Romania and Russia. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending According to tradition, he founded the See of Byzantium (Constantinople)^[2] in AD 38, installing Stachys as bishop. This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM Stachys the Apostle was the first bishop of Byzantium, from AD 38 to AD 54 This diocese would later develop into the Patriarchate of Constantinople. "Patriarch of Constantinople" redirects here For the institutional church itself see Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Andrew is recognized as its patron saint.

Andrew is said to have been martyred by crucifixion at Patras (Patrae) in Achaea. Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece Achaea (Αχαΐα Achaïa, axaˈia in Polytonic orthography) is an ancient province and a present prefecture of Greece, on the northern Though early texts, such as the Acts of Andrew known to Gregory of Tours,^[3] describe Andrew bound, not nailed, to a Latin cross of the kind on which Christ was crucified, a tradition grew up that Andrew had been crucified on a cross of the form called Crux decussata (X-shaped cross) and commonly known as "St. Andrew's cross"; this was performed at his own request, as he deemed himself unworthy to be crucified on the same type of cross on which Christ was crucified. Saint Gregory of Tours ( November 30, c 538 &ndash November 17, 594) was a Gallo-Roman historian and bishop of Tours St Andrew's Cross redirects here For the item of BDSM furniture see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross St Andrew's Cross redirects here For the item of BDSM furniture see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " ^[4] "The familiar iconography of his martyrdom, showing the apostle bound to an X-shaped cross, does not seem to have been standardized before the later Middle Ages," Judith Calvert concluded after re-examining the materials studied by Louis Réau. ^[5]

Saint Andrew is the patron of Patras. According to tradition his relics were moved from Patras to Constantinople, and thence to St. Andrews (see below). Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS St Andrews (Cill Rìmhinn is a Town and former Royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland. Local legends say that the relics were sold to the Romans. The head of the saint, considered one of the treasures of St. Peter's Basilica, was given by the Byzantine despot Thomas Palaeologus to Pope Pius II in 1461. Thomas Palaiologos or Palaeologus ( Greek: Θωμάς Παλαιολόγος Thōmas Palaiologos) (1409 &ndash May 12, 1465) was Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini ( Latin Aeneas Sylvius; October 18, 1405 &ndash August 14, 1464) In recent years, by decision of Pope Paul VI in 1964, the relics that were kept in the Vatican City, were sent back to Patras. Pope Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory The relics, which consist of the small finger, part of the top of the cranium of Saint Andrew and small parts of the cross, have since that time been kept in the Church of St. Andrew at Patras in a special shrine, and are revered in a special ceremony every November 30. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats

The Acts of Andrew

Crucifixion of St. Andrew.

The apocryphal Acts of Andrew, mentioned by Eusebius, Epiphanius and others, is among a disparate group of Acts of the Apostles that were traditionally attributed to Leucius Charinus. The Acts of Andrew ( Acta Andreae) is the earliest testimony of the acts and miracles of the Apostle Andrew. Epiphanius (ca 310&ndash320 &ndash 403 was bishop of Salamis and metropolitan of Cyprus at the end of the 4th century AD Leucius, called Leucius Charinus by the Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople in the ninth century is the name applied to a cycle of what M "These Acts may be the latest of the five leading apostolic romances. They belong to the third century: ca. A. D. 260," was the opinion of M.R. James, who edited them in 1924. Montague Rhodes James, OM, MA, ( August 1, 1862 – June 12, 1936) who used the publication name M The Acts, as well as a Gospel of St. Andrew, appear among rejected books in the Decretum Gelasianum connected with the name of Pope Gelasius I. The so-called Decretum Gelasianum or Gelasian Decree was traditionally attributed to the prolific Pope Gelasius I, bishop of Rome 492&ndash496 Pope The Acts of Andrew was edited and published by Constantin von Tischendorf in the Acta Apostolorum apocrypha (Leipzig, 1821), putting it for the first time into the hands of a critical professional readership. Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von Tischendorf ( January 18, 1815 &ndash December 7, 1874) was a noted German Biblical This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Another version of the Andrew legend is found in the Passio Andreae, published by Max Bonnet (Supplementum II Codicis apocryphi, Paris, 1895). Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

Relics

Reliquary of St. A reliquary (also referred to as a Shrine or by the French term Chasse) is a container for Relics These may be the physical Andrew at Patras. Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece

The shrine to Saint Andrew in St. Peter's Basilica, Rome. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2

The purported relics of the Apostle Andrew are kept at the Basilica of St. A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial Andrew in Patras, Greece; the Duomo de Sant'Andrea, Amalfi, Italy; St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh, Scotland;^[6] and the Church of St. Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Duomo is a generic Italian term for a Cathedral church The formal word for a church that is presently a cathedral is cattedrale; a Amalfi is also a town in the Antioquia Departament in Colombia. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Edinburgh is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Andrew and St. Albert, Warsaw, Poland. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland There are also numerous smaller reliquaries throughout the world. A reliquary (also referred to as a Shrine or by the French term Chasse) is a container for Relics These may be the physical

St. Jerome wrote that the relics of St. Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος Andrew were taken from Patras to Constantinople by order of the Roman emperor Constantius II around 357 and deposited in the Church of the Holy Apostles. Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II ( 7 August, 317 - November 3, 361) was a Roman Emperor Events By Place Roman Empire Battle of Strasbourg: Caesar Julian leads Roman forces to victory against the For other structures of this name including in the Moscow Kremlin, see Church of the Holy Apostles (disambiguation. The head of the saint was given by the Byzantine despot Thomas Palaeologus to Pope Pius II in 1461. Thomas Palaiologos or Palaeologus ( Greek: Θωμάς Παλαιολόγος Thōmas Palaiologos) (1409 &ndash May 12, 1465) was Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini ( Latin Aeneas Sylvius; October 18, 1405 &ndash August 14, 1464) It was enshrined in one of the four central piers of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St In September 1964, Pope Paul VI, as a gesture of good will toward the Greek Orthodox Church, ordered that all of the relics of St. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Pope Andrew that were in Vatican City, were sent back to Patras. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory The relics, which consist of the small finger, part of the top of the cranium of Saint Andrew and small portions of the cross on which he was martyred, have since that time been kept in the Church of St. The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom Andrew at Patras in a special shrine, and are reverenced in a special ceremony every November 30, his feast day. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints

Amalfi

In 1208, following the sack of Constantinople those relics of St. The Fourth Crusade (1202&ndash1204 was originally designed to conquer Muslim Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Andrew which remained in the imperial city were taken to Amalfi, Italy, by Pedro, cardinal of Capua, a native of Amalfi. Amalfi is also a town in the Antioquia Departament in Colombia. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Peter of Capua (d1214 was an Italian theologian and Scholastic philosopher, and a Cardinal and Papal legate.

The Amalfi cathedral (Duomo), dedicated to St. Duomo is a generic Italian term for a Cathedral church The formal word for a church that is presently a cathedral is cattedrale; a Andrew (as is the town itself), contains a tomb in its crypt that it maintains still contains the rest of the relics of the apostle.

On 5/8/08, St. Andrew's head was returned to Amalfi Cathedral.

Romanian tradition

Romanians believe that Saint Andrew (named Sfântul Apostol Andrei) was the first who preached Christianity in Scythia Minor, modern Dobrogea, to the native people of the Dacians (ancestors of the Romanians): it is the official position of the Romanian Orthodox Church. The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni Scythia Minor, "Lesser Scythia" (Μικρά Σκυθία Mikrá Skythia) was in ancient times the region surrounded by the Danube at the north and The Dacians ( Lat Daci, Gr Dákai) were a Thracian people the ancient inhabitants of Dacia (located in the area The Romanian Orthodox Church ( Biserica Ortodoxă Română in Romanian) is a Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church ^[7] Hippolyte of Antioch (died ~AD 250) in his On apostles, Origen in the third book of his Commentaries on Genesis (AD 254), Eusebius of Caesarea in his Church History (AD 340), and other sources, like the Usaard's Martyrdom written between 845-865,^[8] Jacobus de Voragine in the Golden Legend (~1260),^[9] mention that Saint Andrew preached in Scythia Minor. Origen ( Greek: Ōrigénēs, or Origen Adamantius, ca 185–ca Blessed Jacobus de Varagine or Voragine (Giacomo da Varazze Jacopo da Varazze (c The Golden Legend (Legenda Aurea by Jacopo da Varagine is a collection of fanciful hagiographies or lives of the Saints that became a late medieval Scythia Minor, "Lesser Scythia" (Μικρά Σκυθία Mikrá Skythia) was in ancient times the region surrounded by the Danube at the north and

There are toponyms and numerous very old traditions (like carols) related to Saint Andrew, many of them having probably a pre-Christian substratum. Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology. There exists a cave where it is supposed he preached. The mysterious tradition of baptism which happens in the village of Copuzu is also linked by some ethnologists with the christianization campaign made by the Apostle. The historical phenomenon of Christianization (or Christianisation &mdash see spelling differences) the conversion of individuals to Christianity

Scottish legends

The Saltire (or "St. St Andrew's Cross redirects here For the item of BDSM furniture see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross Andrew's Cross") is the national flag of Scotland

About the middle of the tenth century, Andrew became the patron saint of Scotland. The Flag of Scotland is a white Saltire, a crux decussate (X-shaped cross representing the Cross of the Christian Martyr The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Several legends state that the relics of Andrew were brought under supernatural guidance from Constantinople to the place where the modern town of St Andrews stands today (Gaelic, Cill Rìmhinn). Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS St Andrews (Cill Rìmhinn is a Town and former Royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages.

Russian Orthodox icon of the Apostle Andrew, 18th century (Iconostasis of Transfiguration church, Kizhi monastery, Karelia, Russia). See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. In Eastern Christianity an iconostasis (the plural is iconostases) also called the Templon, is a wall of Icons and religious paintings An Orthodox church as a Church building of Eastern Orthodoxy has a distinct recognizable style among Church architectures History While Kizhi (Ки́жи Кижи́ Kiži is an Island on Lake Onega in the Republic of Karelia ( Medvezhyegorsky District) Russia with This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Karelia ( Karelian and Finnish Karjala, Карелия ( Kareliya) Karelen the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending

The oldest surviving manuscripts are two: one is among the manuscripts collected by Jean-Baptiste Colbert and willed to Louis XIV, now in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, the other in the Harleian Mss in the British Library, London. Jean-Baptiste Colbert ( August 29, 1619 — September 6, 1683) served as the French minister of finance from 1665 to 1683 under Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Robert Harley may refer to Robert Harley (1579-1656 Robert Harley 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer Robert Harley (c The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom. They state that the relics of Andrew were brought by one Regulus to the Pictish king Óengus mac Fergusa (729–761). The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century Óengus son of Fergus ( Hypothetical Pictish form: Onuist map Urguist; Old Irish: Óengus mac Fergusso, Anglicisation Angus mac Fergus The only historical Regulus (Riagail or Rule) — the name is preserved by the tower of St. Rule — was an Irish monk expelled from Ireland with Saint Columba; his date, however, is c. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world WikipediaPersondata --> See Columba (disambiguation and St Columb for other uses 573–600. There are good reasons for supposing that the relics were originally in the collection of Acca, bishop of Hexham, who took them into Pictish country when he was driven from Hexham (c. Saint Acca (b c 660 - 740 or 742 Bishop of Hexham. Born in Northumbria, Acca first served in the household of Bosa, the future Bishop 732), and founded a see, not, according to tradition, in Galloway, but on the site of St. Andrews. The connection made with Regulus is, therefore, due in all probability to the desire to date the foundation of the church at St. Andrews as early as possible.

Another legend says that in the late eighth century, during a joint battle with the English, King Ungus (either the Óengus mac Fergusa mentioned previously or Óengus II of the Picts (820–834)) saw a cloud shaped like a saltire, and declared Andrew was watching over them, and if they won by his grace, then he would be their patron saint. Óengus mac Fergusa (variants Onuist, Hungus or Angus) was king of the Picts (or of Fortriu) in modern Scotland, from St Andrew's Cross redirects here For the item of BDSM furniture see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross However, there is evidence Andrew was venerated in Scotland before this.

Andrew's connection with Scotland may have been reinforced following the Synod of Whitby, when the Celtic Church felt that Columba had been "outranked" by Peter and that Peter's younger brother would make a higher ranking patron. The Synod of Whitby was a seventh century Northumbrian Synod where King Oswiu of Northumbria ruled that his kingdom would calculate Easter and Celtic Christianity, or Insular Christianity (sometimes called the Celtic Church or the British Church) broadly refers to the Early Medieval The 1320 Declaration of Arbroath cites Scotland's conversion to Christianity by Saint Andrew, "the first to be an Apostle". The Declaration of Arbroath was a declaration of Scottish independence, and set out to confirm Scotland 's status as an independent, sovereign

Numerous parish churches in the Church of Scotland and congregations of other Christian churches in Scotland are named after Saint Andrew. The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. The national church of the Scottish people in Rome, Sant'Andrea degli Scozzesi is dedicated to St Andrew. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Sant' Andrea degli Scozzesi (English St Andrew of the Scots) is a former church in Rome, near Piazza Barberini on Via delle Quattro Fontane.

Saint Andrew and the Parish of Luqa (Malta)

The first reference regarding the first small chapel at Luqa dedicated to Saint Andrew dates to 1497. The pastoral visit of Mgr. Pietro Dusina affirms that this chapel contained three altars, one of them dedicated to Saint Andrew. The titular painting showing Mary with Saints Andrew and Paul was painted by the Maltese artist Filippo Dingli.

At one time, many fishermen lived in the village of Luqa, and this may be the main reason behind choosing Saint Andrew as patron saint. The titular statue of Saint Andrew was sculpted in wood by Giuseppe Scolaro in 1779. This statue underwent several restoration works including that of 1913 performed by the Maltese renowned artist Abraham Gatt.

The Martyrdom of Saint Andrew on the main altar of the church was painted by Mattia Preti in 1687. Mattia Preti ( February 24 1613 - January 3 1699) was an Italian Baroque artist who worked in Italy and Malta

Saint Andrew in Ukraine

St Andrew's prophecy of Kiev depicted in Radzivill Chronicle. Radziwiłł Chronicle (Radzivill Chronicle - according to Unesco) or the Konigsberg Chronicle is one of Old East Slavic manuscripts held

The Kievan hill where St. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Andrew is said to have erected the cross is commemorated by the cathedral dedicated in his name

Early Christian History in Ukraine holds that the apostle Saint Andrew is said to have preached on the southern borders of modern-day Ukraine, along the Black Sea. The Saint Andrew's Church or sometimes the Cathedral of Saint Andrew (Андрiївська церква Андреевская церковь is a major Baroque This article should include material from Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate, Ukrainian Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Legend has it that he travelled up the Dnieper River and reached the future location of Kiev, where he erected a cross on the site where the St. Andrew's Church of Kiev currently stands, and prophesied the foundation of a great Christian city. For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the The Saint Andrew's Church or sometimes the Cathedral of Saint Andrew (Андрiївська церква Андреевская церковь is a major Baroque

Conclusions

Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland, Russia, Romania, Greece, Amalfi, and Luqa in Malta. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Amalfi is also a town in the Antioquia Departament in Colombia. He was also the patron saint of Prussia. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The flag of Scotland (and consequently the Union Flag and the arms and flag of Nova Scotia) feature St Andrew's saltire cross. The Flag of Scotland is a white Saltire, a crux decussate (X-shaped cross representing the Cross of the Christian Martyr The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Coat of Arms of the Province of Nova Scotia (formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Nova Scotia) is the oldest provincial The Flag of Nova Scotia, created in 1858 is a banner of the provincial arms. St Andrew's Cross redirects here For the item of BDSM furniture see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross The saltire is also the flag of Tenerife and the naval jack of Russia. The flag of Tenerife is a white Saltire (or St Andrew's Cross) over a blue field. The Russian Navy or VMF ( Russian: Военно-Морской Флот (ВМФ России- Voyenno-Morskoy Flot Rossii (VMF or literally Military Maritime The Confederate flag also features a saltire commonly referred to as a St Andrew's cross, although its designer, William Porcher Miles, said he changed it from an upright cross to a saltire so that it would not be a religious symbol but merely a heraldic device. The Confederate States of America used several Flags during its existence from 1861 to 1865 William Porcher Miles ( July 4, 1822 &ndash May 11, 1899) was a United States Representative from South Carolina.

A statue of Saint Andrew is an important element in the story of the 1956 Hollywood wartime romance, Miracle In The Rain starring Van Johnson and Jane Wyman. Charles "Van" Johnson (born August 25, 1916) is an American film and television actor and dancer Jane Wyman ( January 5, 1917 &ndash September 10, 2007) was an American actress. When Ruth, played by Wyman realizes she has lost Art, the statue inside St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York becomes a focus of devotion for her. St Patrick's Cathedral is a decorated Neo-Gothic -style Catholic Cathedral in North America

The feast of Saint Andrew is observed on November 30 in both the Eastern and Western churches, and is the national day of Scotland. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats The National Day is a designated date on which celebrations mark the Nationhood of a Nation or non-sovereign Country.

Notes

References

• Metzeger, Bruce M. (ed); , Michael D. Coogan (ed) (1993). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504645-5.  .
• Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-140-51312-4.

See also

• St Andrew's Day
• St Andrews (disambiguation)
• Patron saints of places
• Roman Catholic calendar of saints
• Andrew
• Universidad de San Andrés, Argentina, named after the saint
• University of St Andrews, named after the Royal Burgh of St Andrews, which was named after the saint
• Order of Saint Andrew

External links

• The Missionary Journeys of the Apostle Andrew
• Texts of The Acts of Andrew The Acts and Martyrdom of Andrew and The Acts of Andrew and Matthew
• Saint Andrew in Orthodoxy
• St. Andrew in the National Archives of Scotland
• Andreas: The Legend of St. Andrew translated by Robert Kilburn Root, 1899, from Project Gutenberg
• Paintings and Statues of Saint Andrew in Malta and around the world
• Biographical Study on St. Andrew the Apostle
• National Shrine to St Andrew in Edinburgh Scotland
• Catholic Encyclopedia article