Sacagawea Dollar (United States)
Value:	1 U.S. dollar
Mass:	8. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 100 g
Diameter:	26. For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. 5 mm
Thickness:	2. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to 00 mm
Edge:	Plain
Composition:	88. 5% Cu 6% Zn 3. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 5% Mn 2% Ni
Years of minting:	2000–present
Catalog number:	-
Obverse
Design:	Sacagawea with child
Designer:	Glenna Goodacre
Design date:	2000
Reverse
Design:	Eagle in flight
Designer:	Thomas D. Rogers
Design date:	2000

The Sacagawea dollar, along with the Presidential Dollar series, is one of the two current United States dollar coins. Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Nickel (ˈnɪkəl is a metallic Chemical element with the symbol Ni and Atomic number 28 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Sacagawea (also Sakakawea, Sacajawea; see below) (c 1788 – December Glenna Maxey Goodacre (born 1939 in Lubbock Texas, US) is a sculptor best known for having designed the Sacagawea dollar that entered circulation 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Eagles are large birds of prey which are members of the Bird order Falconiformes and family Accipitridae, and belong to several genera Thomas D Rogers is the designer of the reverse side of the United States Golden dollar coin or Sacagawea dollar. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Presidential $1 Coin Program is part of an Act of Congress,, which directs the United States Mint to produce $1 coins with Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in Gold, Silver, and Base metal versions This coin was first minted in 2000 and depicts the Shoshone woman Sacagawea, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, carrying her son Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. The Shoshone ( or) are a Native American tribe with three large divisions the Northern the Western and the Eastern Sacagawea (also Sakakawea, Sacajawea; see below) (c 1788 – December Jean Baptiste Charbonneau ( February 11, 1805 – May 16, 1866) traveled across North America as an infant with his mother Sacagawea Artist Glenna Goodacre used a 22-year-old Shoshone woman named Randy'L He-dow Teton as the model for the young Sacagawea. Glenna Maxey Goodacre (born 1939 in Lubbock Texas, US) is a sculptor best known for having designed the Sacagawea dollar that entered circulation Randy'L He-dow Teton is the Shoshone woman who posed as the model for the US Sacagawea dollar coin first issued in 2000. ^[1] The reverse side was designed by Thomas D. Rogers. Thomas D Rogers is the designer of the reverse side of the United States Golden dollar coin or Sacagawea dollar.

Originally, since there was no known portrait of Sacagawea, the committee that chose Sacagawea for the coin specified the figure as Liberty depicted as a Native American woman inspired by Sacagawea^[2]. Goddesses named for and representing the concept Liberty have existed in many cultures including classical examples dating from the Roman Empire and some national symbols such Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States This also helped sell the coin to committee members that preferred the traditional Liberty of older U. S. coins, especially since the Indian Head cent had also depicted Liberty as a Native American. The Indian Head one- cent Coin also known as an Indian Penny was produced by the United States Mint from 1859 to 1909 at the Philadelphia However, the "Liberty" part of the concept faded during the design competition, as the most suitable designs (including Goodacre's winning design) focused on the story of Sacagawea.

History

Sacagawea dollars began being minted in 2000 in accordance with the United States $1 Coin Act of 1997. The United States $1 Coin Act of 1997 was legislation passed by the United States Congress providing for a redesigned gold colored coin with a distinctive new rim These coins were made to replace the unpopular Susan B. Anthony dollar coins which were often confused with quarters because of their similar size, similar ridged edge, and identical color. The Susan B Anthony dollar is a United States coin minted from 1979 to 1981, and again in 1999. A quarter dollar is a coin worth 1/4 of a United States dollar, or 25 cents. To remedy this problem, Sacagawea dollars were given a smooth outside edge (similar to the Nickel) and distinctive gold color which made it the only gold-colored coin in the United States that was circulating at the time. The United States five- cent Coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of Currency equaling one-twentieth or five hundredths of a

The dollar is nearly identical in color, size, and thickness, but not shape, to the Canadian $1 loonie coin, first minted in 1987. Loonie is the name Canadians gave the gold-coloured bronze-plated one-dollar Coin shortly after its introduction in 1987.

Despite a major promotional blitz by the United States government, these coins failed to gain popularity with the general public, and mintages of the coins declined sharply after the first year, just as mintages of the Susan B. Anthony dollar had done 21 years earlier.

Sacagawea dollars were released for general circulation only in 2000 and 2001. On March 31, 2002 production of the coins for circulation was halted due to low demand and the fact that inventories the coins were filling up Government vaults^[3]. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Since then, Sacagawea dollars are still being minted on a small scale for collectors and are available in uncirculated coin rolls, Mint Sets, Proof Sets, and Special Westward Journey Sets from the United States Mint. Proof coinage means special early samples of a Coin issue historically made for checking the dies and for archival purposes but nowadays often struck in greater The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its Trade and Commerce. The coins though widely available at banks and in change from automated vending machines, rarely are given as change from merchants and thus tend to return to the banks.

Randy'L He-dow Teton posing in front of the Sacagawea Dollar. Randy'L He-dow Teton is the Shoshone woman who posed as the model for the US Sacagawea dollar coin first issued in 2000.

The Sacagawea dollar is commonly found in circulation in Ecuador, which dollarized to the US dollar in 2000. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Dollarization occurs when the inhabitants of a country use foreign Currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency While Ecuador issue their own coins for the lower denomiations there is no Ecuadorian counterpart for the dollar coin. Ecuadorian centavo coins were introduced in 2000 when Ecuador converted its currency from the sucre to the U Both the dollar note and coin are commonly used.

Save the Greenback, an organization of Bureau of Engraving and Printing employees and paper and ink suppliers, lobbied against replacing the paper dollar with the dollar coin. Save the Greenback is an organization of US Bureau of Engraving and Printing employees and paper and ink suppliers opposed to phasing out the paper dollar The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP is a government agency within the United States Department of the Treasury that designs and produces a variety ^[4] Congress responded by including in the $1 Coin Act (Public Law 105-124) a provision that:

Nothing in this Act or the amendments made by this Act shall be construed to evidence any intention to eliminate or to limit the printing or circulation of United States currency in the $1 denomination. ^[5]

Nonetheless, nothing in that section (or in any other law) prohibits the Federal Reserve System from phasing out the paper dollar in the future.

In 2000, the General Accounting Office estimated that "the $1 coin's advantage would be $522. The Government Accountability Office ( GAO) is the Audit, Evaluation, and investigative arm of the United States Congress. 2 million per year, once fully implemented". ^[6] The GAO noted that in order for a dollar coin to be successful, the $1 note would have to be eliminated; a reasonable transition period would be needed; the $1 coin would have to be well designed and readily distinguishable from other coins; an adequate public awareness campaign would be needed; and sustained administrative and congressional support would be necessary to withstand an initial negative public reaction to eliminating the $1 note.

James C. Benfield, executive director of the Coin Coalition, commented on the reasons for why the Sacagawea dollar never became widely circulated. The Coin Coalition is an organization supporting the elimination of pennies and dollar bills from U He denied that it was due to the public hoarding the coins, noting that the public also collects large quantities of Statehood Quarters, yet Statehood Quarters remain in wide circulation. The 50 State Quarters program ( is the release of a series of commemorative coins by the United States Mint. Benfield claimed that banks could not be faulted, since few people get coins from the bank, except for rolls of quarters to feed parking meters or coin-operated laundry machines. A parking meter is a device used to collect money in exchange for the right to park a Vehicle in a particular place for a limited amount of time Moreover, he denied that it was due to public rejection of the Sacagawea, explaining, "The key players in the circulation of any denomination are the store managers of chain restaurants, drugstores, grocery stores and convenience stores. Chain stores are Retail outlets that share a Brand and central management and usually have standardized business methods and practices A grocery store is a store established primarily for the Retailing of Food. A convenience store is a small store or shop. They are often located alongside busy roads or at gas/petrol stations. All coins, and $1 and $5 bills, begin circulating in the economy from the cash drawers of these establishments. If the store manager doesn't stock $1 coins in the morning, then you won't get them as change in the afternoon. ^[7]

Benfield also pinned down the root cause of the Sacagawea's failure: "The chief stumbling-block to the success of the 'golden dollar' is the continued presence of the $1 bill. The lesson demonstrated by our SBA experience, and learned by all countries that have introduced a high-denomination coin since 1979, is that the equivalent note must be removed from circulation. The only country not to learn that lesson is the United States. "^[8]

Future

Though the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005 authorized a new dollar coin program featuring the Presidents of the United States, it also assured the future of the Sacagawea dollar. The Presidential $1 Coin Program is part of an Act of Congress,, which directs the United States Mint to produce $1 coins with The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The act required that the number of Sacagawea dollars be at least one third of the number of the presidential dollars issued in each year of the program,^[9] and that the Sacagawea design continue after the program ends. These requirements were added at the behest of the North Dakota congressional delegation to ensure that Sacagawea, whom North Dakotans consider to be one of their own, ultimately remains on the dollar coin. North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. Sacagawea (also Sakakawea, Sacajawea; see below) (c 1788 – December

Federal Reserve officials indicated to Congress that "if the Presidential $1 Coin Program does not stimulate substantial transactional demand for dollar coins, the requirement that the Mint nonetheless produce Sacagawea dollars would result in costs to the taxpayer without any offsetting benefits. " In that event, the Federal Reserve indicated that it would "strongly recommend that Congress reassess the one-third requirement. "^[10]

Because of the Federal Reserve's remarks, Congress passed the Native American $1 Coin Act,^[11] on September 20, 2007, which eliminated the one-third requirement and requested a new design for the Sacagawea dollar. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Beginning in 2009, the Sacagawea dollar coin will be modified to further commemorate "Native Americans and the important contributions made by Indian tribes and individual Native Americans to the development of the United States and the history of the United States. This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. " Like the Presidential Dollar, the year of issue, mint mark, and mottoes will be moved to the edge of the coin to allow more room for the design. The Presidential $1 Coin Program is part of an Act of Congress,, which directs the United States Mint to produce $1 coins with ^[12] The act further requires that 20% of the total dollar coins minted in any year during the Presidential $1 Coin Program be Sacagawea dollars bearing the new design. The Presidential $1 Coin Program is part of an Act of Congress,, which directs the United States Mint to produce $1 coins with The new design will represent a important Native American event.

Although not widespread in the United States, the Sacagawea dollar is very popular in Ecuador and other foreign countries that have made the US dollar their currency. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Since dollarization, an estimated 500 million coins, approximately half of those minted, have been used in Ecuador, El Salvador, and other Latin American countries. Dollarization occurs when the inhabitants of a country use foreign Currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. ^[13]

Mintage figures

Truly golden dollars

In 2001, Coin World reported the revelation (via a FOIA document request) that the Mint had struck 39 examples of the 2000 Sacagawea dollar in gold in June 1999 at the West Point Mint. The Philadelphia Mint was created from the need to establish a national identity and the needs of commerce in the United States. The Denver Mint is a branch of the United States Mint established in 1862 that is today operational and produces coins for circulation as well as Mint sets and Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Coin World is an American weekly Numismatic magazine The Freedom of Information Act ( FOIA) is the implementation of freedom of information legislation in the United States The planchets came from specially prepared ¹⁄₂ oz. main - title Planchet keywords numismatics coin review - status not yet reviewed $25 American Gold Eagle Bullion Planchets. For the $10 pre-1932 US gold circulation coin see Eagle Specifications Each of the four sizes contains 91 Why they were struck is not known; speculation is that this was an attempt by the mint to offer "Premium" collectibles in conjunction with the newly released Sacagawea dollar in 2000.

Twenty-seven were soon melted and the remaining 12 were on board Space Shuttle Columbia for the July 1999 STS-93 mission. Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-93 marked the 95th launch of the Space Shuttle, the 26th launch of ''Columbia'', and the 21st night launch of a Space Shuttle Two examples then popped up at two separate events; one during a Private Congressional Dinner in August 1999, and another example at the Official First-Strike ceremonies in November. The coins remained at Mint Headquarters under lock and key until they were transferred in 2001 to Fort Knox. The United States Bullion Depository, commonly called Fort Knox is a fortified vault building located near Fort Knox Kentucky which is used to store a large The strikes are considered to be illegal due to the Coinage regulations in place.

In 2007, the Mint announced^[14] it would for the first time publicly display the 12 space-flown gold dollars at the American Numismatic Association's World's Fair of Money in Milwaukee, WI. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

See also

• United States dollar
• Gold coin
• Numismatic terminology
• Randy'L He-dow Teton

References

• Edler, Joel and Harper, Dave U. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been A gold coin is a flat disc-shaped piece of Gold that has been minted and issued by a government or private organization This article is a collection of concise Numismatic and Coin collecting terms for the beginner or professional Randy'L He-dow Teton is the Shoshone woman who posed as the model for the US Sacagawea dollar coin first issued in 2000. S. Coin Digest Iola: Krause Publications, 2004
• Yeoman, R. S. A Guide Book of United States Coins Atlanta: Whitman Publishing, 2004.

Notes

External links

• Sacagawea Dollar pictures
• United States Small Size Dollar Coins, 1979-Present
• United States Mint, Golden Dollar program