City of São Paulo
Office buildings alongside the Pinheiros River
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname: Terra da Garoa (Land of Drizzle) and Sampa
Motto: "Non dvcor, dvco"  (Latin) "I am not led, I lead"
Location in the São Paulo state. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Drizzle (also called mizzle) is light precipitation consisting of liquid water drops smaller than that of Rain, and generally smaller than 0 A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.
Coordinates: 23°33′01″S 46°38′02″W / -23.55028, -46.63389
Country	Brazil
Region	Southeast
State	São Paulo
Government
- Mayor	Gilberto Kassab (DEM)
Area
- City	1,522. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Brazil is currently divided into five Regions (also called Macroregions by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica ( IBGE) The Southeast Region of Brazil is composed by the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados ("states" singular estado) and formed by the states and one district the Distrito ( is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy This is a listing of all those that have served as the Mayor of the City of São Paulo, Brazil. Gilberto Kassab (born August 12, 1960 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian politician current Mayor of São Paulo. The Democrats ( Democratas) is a Political party in Brazil, considered the main Centre-right party of Brazil Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 989 km² (588 sq mi)
- Metro	8,051 km² (3,108. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 5 sq mi)
Elevation	760 m (2,493. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International 4 ft)
Population (2006)
- City	10,886,518
- Density	7,233/km² (18,733. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/sq mi)
- Metro	19,677,506
- Metro Density	2,277/km² (5,897. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 4/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-3 (UTC-3)
- Summer (DST)	UTC-2 (UTC-2)
HDI (2000)	0. Areas using UTC−3 Single zone countries without DST Suriname Single zone countries with DST Areas using UTC−3 Single zone countries without DST Suriname Single zone countries with DST Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−2 is used as offset for Argentina (DST only except for San Luis Province) Brazil: Ocean Islands - UTC−2 is used as offset for Argentina (DST only except for San Luis Province) Brazil: Ocean Islands - The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 841 – high
Website: São Paulo City

São Paulo ([sɐ̃ʊ̯̃ ˈpaʊ̯lʊ] (help·info)) is the capital of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados ("states" singular estado) and formed by the states and one district the Distrito ( is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The city is the largest in Brazil and first in South America by population. This is a list of the most populous cities of the World defined according to the concept of city proper. ^[1] It is located in the South East of the country. The Southeast Region of Brazil is composed by the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. It is also the richest city of Brazil. The name means Saint Paul in Portuguese. Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Alternate spellings include "Sao Paolo. "

The city has an area of 1,523 square kilometres (588 sq mi)^[2] and a population of 10,886,518,^[3] which makes it the most populous in Brazil, in South America and in the southern hemisphere^[4] Greater São Paulo, which includes adjacent municipalities, has a population close to 20 million, making it the third largest in the Americas, and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. This is a list of the most populous cities of the World defined according to the concept of city proper. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' The Greater São Paulo ( Grande São Paulo, in Portuguese) is a nonspecific term for the large Metropolitan area located in the São The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central ^[5]

People from the city of São Paulo are known as paulistanos, while paulistas designates anyone from the whole of São Paulo state, including the paulistanos. São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world Paulista may refer to Paulista, city in Pernambuco state Avenida Paulista A demonym of São Paulo (state The city's Latin motto is Non ducor, duco, which translates as "I am not led, I lead". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A famous nickname for the city is "Sampa". São Paulo is also known for its unreliable weather, the sheer size of its helicopter fleet, architecture and multitude of skyscrapers. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper ^[6] The São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport connects São Paulo with many Brazilian cities and also operates international flights. São Paulo/Guarulhos – Governor André Franco Montoro International Airport, also known as Cumbica International Airport, is a major Brazilian airport the

History

Main article: History of São Paulo

Domingos Jorge Velho, one of the bandeirantes. The Bandeirantes were Portuguese colonial Scouts who took part in the Bandeiras exploration expeditions

Museu Paulista in São Paulo the site where Brazilian independence was proclaimed in 1822. The Museu Paulista of the University of São Paulo (commonly known by Brazilians as Museu do Ipiranga) is a

Jesuit missionaries Manuel da Nóbrega and José de Anchieta founded the village of São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga on January 25, 1554. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Manuel da Nóbrega (old spelling Manoel da Nóbrega) (1517 Sanfins do Douro Trás-os-Montes, Portugal - 1570 was a Portuguese Jesuit priest José de Anchieta ( March 19 1534 &ndash June 9 1597) was a Canarian Jesuit Missionary to Brazil in São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga ( Saint Paul of the Fields of Piratininga in Portuguese was the village that grew into São Paulo, Brazil Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Along with their entourage, they established a mission named Colégio de São Paulo de Piratininga aimed at converting the Tupi-Guarani indigenous Brazilians to the Catholic religion. See also Evangelism, Christianization A Christian mission has been widely defined since the Lausanne Congress of 1974 as that which Pátio do Colégio ( School Yard in Portuguese) also written with the archaic spelling Pateo do Collegio, is the name given to the historical Tupi-Guarani ( is the name of the most important subfamily of the Tupi languages of South America. The Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( Portuguese: povos indígenas) comprise a large number of distinct Ethnic groups who inhabited the country prior to Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Located just beyond the Serra do Mar cliffs, overlooking the port city of Santos, and close to the Tietê River, the new settlement became the natural entrance from the South East coast to the vast and fertile plateau to the West that would eventually become the State of São Paulo. Serra do Mar ( Portuguese for Mountain Range of the Sea) is a 1500 km long system of Mountain ranges and Escarpments in Southeastern Brazil The Tietê River ( Rio Tietê) is a River in the Brazilian state of São Paulo.

São Paulo officially became a city in 1711. In the 19th century, it experienced a flourishing economic prosperity, brought about chiefly through coffee exports, which were shipped abroad from the port of the neighbouring city of Santos. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom After the abolition of slavery in 1888, and in an effort to "bleach the race," as the Brazilian authorities worried Brazil would turn into a "black country," waves of immigrants from Italy, Portugal, Spain, Germany and many other European countries emigrated to São Paulo in order to, among other reasons, work at the enormous coffee plantations established in the State. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Fundamentally a plantation is usually a large Farm or estate, especially in a tropical or semitropical country on which Cotton, Tobacco At the beginning of the 20th century, the coffee cycle had already plummeted due to, among other factors, a sharp decline in international coffee prices. The local entrepreneurs then started investing in the industrial development of São Paulo, attracting new contingents of overseas immigrants to the city, mainly Italians. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging In addition to Europeans, Japanese and Christian Syrian and Lebanese immigrants arrived in large numbers in the first half of the 20th century. The are the dominant Ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent of these approximately 127 million are residents of Japan Along the 20th century, the booming economy of the city also attracted huge waves of migrants from the poorest regions in Brazil, such as the Northeast.

Júlio Prestes Station

However, due to competition with many other Brazilian cities, which sometimes offer tax advantages for companies to build manufacturing plants in situ, São Paulo's main economic activities have gradually left its industrial profile in favour of the services industry in the late 20th century. The city is home to a large number of local and international banking offices, law firms, multinational companies and consumer services.

Another important historical landmark is the Universidade de São Paulo's Law School, also known as Faculdade de Direito do Largo São Francisco, one the two first academic institutions founded in Brazil along with the Law School of Recife. The University of São Paulo (in Portuguese Universidade de São Paulo; USP) is one of the three public universities funded by the State of São Paulo. Recife ( heˈsifi is the fifth largest Metropolitan area in Brazil and the capital of the state of Pernambuco. Originally installed in a monastery, it was founded by an Imperial Decree on 1 March 1828, shortly after the beginning of the Brazilian Empire, following the increasing need for lawyers and politicians. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The Empire of Brazil was a political entity that comprised present-day Brazil under the rule of Emperors Pedro I and his son Pedro II. As wealthy Brazilians would often go to Europe to take undergraduate law courses, the Brazilian Emperor, Dom Pedro I, decided that it would be fitting to create one national law school in the North & another in the South. Pedro I (ˈpedɾuin Brazilian Portuguese and in European Portuguese; English: Peter of Alcantara Francis Anthony John Charles Xavier of Paula It began to attract students from across the country, who were a strong contributing factor to São Paulo's distinctly bohemian lifestyle.

Despite its many woes, São Paulo remains the business hub of Latin America. Having prospered first with the coffee industry, and later with industrialisation, in the early 21st century it expanded into the tertiary, or services sector. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one The 21st century is the current century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Its huge market (nearly 20 million people in greater São Paulo) is a magnet for multinationals. Thanks to events such as the Feira Bienal Internacional de Arte, and its reputation for hosting cutting-edge music concerts, it has become something of a cultural centre as well. Economic growth and exportation of goods has lifted employment and wages. The murder rate has dropped by almost a quarter since its peak. The historic centre profited with the return of the city’s government and the arrival of private universities, although businesses continue to move out to new boom districts such as Itaim and Berrini. São Paulo also claims to attract more visitors (mostly, but no longer exclusively, on business) than Rio de Janeiro, testimony of the intense rivalry between the two Brazilian metropolises.

Panoramic picture of the lake of the Ibirapuera Park

Law and government

See also: List of Mayors of São Paulo

Matarazzo Building, São Paulo City Hall. In its most general sense a panorama is any wide view of a physical space Ibirapuera Park (in Portuguese Parque do Ibirapuera) is a major urban park in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. This is a listing of all those that have served as the Mayor of the City of São Paulo, Brazil.

In light of its economic and demographic weight, São Paulo has always played a pivotal role in Brazilian politics. Politics of Brazil takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Brazil With a constituency larger than that of many Brazilian states, the mayor's office is viewed by politicians as a springboard for state and national-level offices.

São Paulo's most recent mayors were:

Geography

Cathedral of São Paulo, built in the mid 20th century, is one of the world's most recent major buildings in the Gothic style. Gilberto Kassab (born August 12, 1960 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian politician current Mayor of São Paulo. The Democrats ( Democratas) is a Political party in Brazil, considered the main Centre-right party of Brazil José Serra ( pron ʒu'zɛ 'sɛʁɐ (born March 19, 1942 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian politician former secretary of state The Brazilian Social Democracy Party ( Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira, PSDB is a Political party in Brazil. Marta Teresa Smith de Vasconcelos Suplicy ( supli'si born March 18, 1945) is a Brazilian Politician and Psychologist. The Workers' Party ( Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT is a left-wing Political party in Brazil. Celso Pitta (born September 29, 1946) is a Brazilian Economist and Politician. The Progressive party ( Partido Progressista, PP is a Centre-right Brazilian political party embracing Conservatism and elements of Maluf redirects here For the Tunisian music genre see Ma'luf. The Progressive party ( Partido Progressista, PP is a Centre-right Brazilian political party embracing Conservatism and elements of Luiza Erundina de Sousa ( November 30, 1934) is a Brazilian politician born in Uiraúna. The Workers' Party ( Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT is a left-wing Political party in Brazil. Jânio da Silva Quadros ( pron. 'ʒɐnju da 'siwva 'kwadɾus PC ( January 25, 1917, in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul The Brazilian Labour Party ( Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro, PTB is the name of two different parties first a historical one and secondly a present-day party Mário Covas Júnior ( Santos, 21 April 1930 &mdash São Paulo, 6 March 2001) was an important Brazilian The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party ( Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, PMDB is the successor of the Brazilian Democratic Movement. The São Paulo Sé Cathedral ( Portuguese: Catedral da Sé de São Paulo) is the Cathedral of the city of São Paulo, in Brazil

São Paulo old downtown area

Physical setting

São Paulo is located on a plateau that is part of the Serra do Mar (Portuguese for "Sea Range"), itself a component of the vast region known as the Brazilian Highlands, with an average elevation of around 800 metres (2,625 ft) above sea level - though at a distance of only about 70 kilometers (43 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean. In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting Serra do Mar ( Portuguese for Mountain Range of the Sea) is a 1500 km long system of Mountain ranges and Escarpments in Southeastern Brazil The Brazilian Highlands (or Planalto Brasileiro) are an extensive geographical region covering most of the eastern southern and central portions of Brazil This distance is covered by two highways, the Anchieta and the Imigrantes, (see "Transportation" section below) that roll down the range, leading to the portuary city of Santos and the beach resort of Guarujá. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve Rodovia Anchieta (Anchieta Highway official designation SP-150 is a highway connection between São Paulo and the Atlantic coast the cities of Cubatão Rodovia dos Imigrantes (official designation SP-160 is a highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Guarujá is a municipality in the São Paulo state of Brazil. Rolling terrain prevails within the urbanized areas of São Paulo but in the North of the city - where the Serra da Cantareira Range boasts higher elevations and a sizable remnant of the Atlantic Rain Forest. The Serra da Cantareira is a Brazilian mountain range to the north of the city of São Paulo in the São Paulo state. The Atlantic Forest ( Mata Atlântica in Portuguese) is a region of tropical and subtropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, tropical The entire region is very stable tectonically, and no significant seismic activity has ever been recorded. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer

The Tietê River was once a source of fresh water and leisure for São Paulo. The Tietê River ( Rio Tietê) is a River in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved However, in the latter half of the 20th century, it became grossly polluted by raw sewage and industrial effluents, much like its tributary the Pinheiros River. Sewage is the mainly liquid Waste containing some solids produced by humans which typically consists of washing water Feces, Urine, laundry waste and other The Pinheiros River (Rio Pinheiros is an affluent of the Tietê River that runs 30 km through the city of São Paulo, Brazil. However, a substantial clean-up program for both rivers are in the pipeline, financed by international development banks such as the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. The, also known by its acronym JBIC is a Japanese governmental financial aid institution created in October 1, 1999, through the merging of the Export-Import ^[7] Neither river is navigable in the stretch that flows through the city, however water transport becomes increasingly important on the river Tietê further downstream (towards South, near river Paraná), as the river is part of the River Plate basin. This article is about the second-longest river in South America For the shorter river in Goiás, central Brazil see Paranã River The Paraná River The Río de la Plata ( Spanish: " Silver River" &mdash which is often referred to in English-speaking countries as the River Plate

There are no large natural lakes in the region, but the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs in the outskirts of São Paulo are used for power generation, water storage, and leisure activities such as sailing. A reservoir is most broadly a place or hollow vessel where Fluid is kept in Reserve, for later use

The original flora consisted mainly of a great variety of broadleaf evergreens. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round Today, non-native species are common, as the mild climate and abundant rainfall permit a multitude of tropical, subtropical and temperate plants to be cultivated, with eucalyptus being especially ubiquitous. Eucalyptus (From Greek ευκάλυπτος meaning "well covered" is a diverse Genus of Trees (and a few shrubs the members of which

Climate

According the Köppen climate classification São Paulo has a humid subtropical climate. The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters Temperatures seldom reach 30 °C (86 °F) during summer, while frost is rare during winter due to urban heat island. An urban heat island ( UHI) is a metropolitan area which is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas All-time record temperatures are 35. 3 °C (96. 6 °F) on November 15, 1985 and -2. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) 1 °C (28 °F) on August 2, 1955 (both at the Mirante de Santana National Weather Station, in the north region). Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) In the mountains around the city (Horto Florestal), -3. 9 °C (25 °F) was recorded also in August 2, 1955 (unofficially). Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Snow flurries were reported officially just on one occasion on June 25, 1918. "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rainfall is abundant, especially in the warmer months, but rare between June and August. Neither São Paulo nor the nearby coast has ever been hit by a tropical cyclone, and tornadic activity is uncommon. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus August is a month which, in the last years, despite of belonging to the winter, is mostly dry and hot, sometimes reaching temperatures of 28 °C (82. 4 °F). This is a phenomenon called "veranico" (in portuguese, "little summer"). On the other hand, January may have some relatively low temperatures in some years.

Metropolitan region

Main article: Greater São Paulo

Greater São Paulo at night. The Greater São Paulo ( Grande São Paulo, in Portuguese) is a nonspecific term for the large Metropolitan area located in the São

The nonspecific term "Grande São Paulo" ("Greater São Paulo") denotes any of São Paulo's metropolitan area definitions. The legally defined Região Metropolitana São Paulo consists of 39 municipalities in total, and a population of more than 19 million inhabitants (as of 2005, according to IBGE).

Because São Paulo is sprawling like Los Angeles, it has another definition for its metropolitan area. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Analogous to the US's CSA (Combined Statistical Area) type definition of metropolitan area, it is the second largest city in the world with 27 million inhabitants (Complexo Metropolitano Expandido). Table of United States Combined Statistical AreasThe United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB defines micropolitan and metropolitan statistical areas. ^[8], which includes 2 contiguous legally defined metropolitan regions, and 3 microregions.

Boroughs

Aerial view of Itaim Bibi and Morumbi, two important financial districts in São Paulo.

The city of São Paulo is divided into 31 boroughs, called subprefectures (subprefeituras in Portuguese). Subprefecture is an Administrative division of a country that is below Prefecture or Province. Each subprefecture is divided into several districts (in most cases, two or three). The subprefectures with the largest number of districts are the boroughs of Sé, in the historical downtown, Butantã, the location of the University of São Paulo, Lapa, Penha and Mooca, all having eleven districts. Butantã (pron butɐ̃'tɐ̃ tupi for "crushed soil" is a borough of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The University of São Paulo (in Portuguese Universidade de São Paulo; USP) is one of the three public universities funded by the State of São Paulo. Together with the administrative division, there is also a geographic radial division established in 2007 by the mayor Gilberto Kassab. Gilberto Kassab (born August 12, 1960 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian politician current Mayor of São Paulo. The city is divided in ten regions (historical downtown, extended downtown, north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest), each one identified with a distinct color in the buses and in the street plaques. These divisions have no relationship with the subprefectures and districts, and, in some cases, the same district may be in two or more geographic regions. The district where the headquarters of the subprefecture is located receives the same name of the subprefecture, with exception of M'Boi Mirim.

Demography

Demographics

Italian immigrants in São Paulo: picture of the early 20th century. An Italian Brazilian ( Italian: Ítalo-Brasiliano, Portuguese: Ítalo-Brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Italian The twentieth century of the Common Era began on

São Paulo is the most ethnically diverse city in Brazil. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld After the end of the African slave traffic in the country (1850), São Paulo started to replace the African manpower with immigrants in the coffee plantations. Afro-Brazilian, or Black Brazilian, is the term used to racially categorize Brazilian citizens who are black or Multiracial As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom The pioneer in this new project was the senator Nicolau Vergueiro, who brought German, Swiss and Portuguese people to work in his own properties. A German Brazilian ( German: Deutschbrasilianer, Portuguese: teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian Swiss Brazilian ( Portuguese: Suíço Brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly Swiss ancestry or a Swiss-born Portuguese-Brazilian' (luso-brasileiro is a Portuguese born citizen with Brazilian citizenship or a Brazilian born citizen of Portuguese ^[9]

After the abolition of slavery (1888), São Paulo received large numbers of immigrants, most of them coming from Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In 1897, Italians were over half of the city's population. An Italian Brazilian ( Italian: Ítalo-Brasiliano, Portuguese: Ítalo-Brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Italian Portuguese, Spaniards, Germans, Jews and Christian Lebanese and Syrians also came in significant numbers. Portuguese-Brazilian' (luso-brasileiro is a Portuguese born citizen with Brazilian citizenship or a Brazilian born citizen of Portuguese Spanish-Brazilian ( Spanish: hispanobrasileño, Portuguese: hispano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly A German Brazilian ( German: Deutschbrasilianer, Portuguese: teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian A Brazilian Jew ( Portuguese: Judeu Brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly Jew ancestry or a Jew-born person residing in Brazil Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings An Arab Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Arab descent sometimes including other non-Arabic Middle Eastern peoples Syrian Brazilian (Sírio Brasileiro is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly Syrian ancestry or a Syrian-born person immigrant in Brazil From 1908 to 1950, many Japanese immigrants arrived. A Japanese Brazilian' (日系ブラジル人 in Kanji and Kana Japanese writing nikkei burajiru-jin in Rōmaji Japanese ^[10]In the 1960s, Chinese and Koreans started arriving. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Chinese Brazilians ( Portuguese: sino-brasileiro or chinês-brasileiro; Chinese: 巴西华人 or 巴西华裔 are people of Chinese The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. In the mid-20th century, many people from the poor Northeast Brazil started to migrate to São Paulo. Nowadays, there is a growing Bolivian community in the city. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America.

As in all of Brazil, people of different ethnicities mix with each other, producing a multi-ethnic society. Multi-ethnic societies, in contrast to single ethnic societies integrate different Ethnic groups irrespective of differences in culture race and history under a common Today, people of 100 different ethnicities make São Paulo their home. ^[11] The main communities are:

• 6 million Italians (including descendants). An Italian Brazilian ( Italian: Ítalo-Brasiliano, Portuguese: Ítalo-Brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Italian ^[12]
• 3 million Portuguese (including descendants). Portuguese-Brazilian' (luso-brasileiro is a Portuguese born citizen with Brazilian citizenship or a Brazilian born citizen of Portuguese ^[13]
• 3 million Africans (including descendants). Afro-Brazilian, or Black Brazilian, is the term used to racially categorize Brazilian citizens who are black or Multiracial
• 1 million Arabs (including descendants). An Arab Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Arab descent sometimes including other non-Arabic Middle Eastern peoples ^[14]
• 400,000 Germans (including descendants). A German Brazilian ( German: Deutschbrasilianer, Portuguese: teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian ^[15]
• 326,000 Japanese (including descendants). A Japanese Brazilian' (日系ブラジル人 in Kanji and Kana Japanese writing nikkei burajiru-jin in Rōmaji Japanese ^[16]
• 120,000 Chinese (including descendants). Chinese Brazilians ( Portuguese: sino-brasileiro or chinês-brasileiro; Chinese: 巴西华人 or 巴西华裔 are people of Chinese ^[17]
• 70,000 Jews (including descendants). A Brazilian Jew ( Portuguese: Judeu Brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly Jew ancestry or a Jew-born person residing in Brazil ^[18].
• 60,000 Bolivians. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. ^[19]
• 50,000 Greeks (including descendants). Greek Brazilian (Greco Brasileiro is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly Greek ancestry or a Greek-born person residing in Brazil ^[20]
• 50,000 Koreans (including descendants). Korean Brazilian ( Portuguese: Coreano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly Korean ancestry or a Korean-born ^[21]

Ethnically, São Paulo is made up of 8 million Whites, 2,6 million mixed-race (Pardos), 527 thousand Blacks, 456 thousand Asians and 18 thousand Amerindians. According to the 2006 census White Brazilians make up 497% of Brazil's population or around 93 million people Brazil does not have a category for multiracial people but a Pardo (brown one which may include people of mixed European, African and Amerindian In Brazil, the Pardos are a mixture of Whites Blacks and Amerindians, varying from light to dark complexion as used by the Brazilian Institute Afro-Brazilian, or Black Brazilian, is the term used to racially categorize Brazilian citizens who are black or Multiracial An Asian Brazilian is a Brazilian born person of Asian ancestry The Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( Portuguese: povos indígenas) comprise a large number of distinct Ethnic groups who inhabited the country prior to ^[22]

Religion

Source: IBGE 2000. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Gehjgygmmliografia e Estatística is the agency responsible for Statistical ^[23]

Languages

The Japanese-speaking community of São Paulo live mostly in Liberdade Neighbourhood. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Liberdade São Paulo SP, Brazil. Liberdade (pron libeɾ'dadzi Portuguese for "Freedom" is the name of a district in the

As in all Brazil, the language spoken by the vast majority of the population is Portuguese. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Due to the large influx of Italian immigrants, the Portuguese spoken in the city reflects a significant influence from the dialects of the Italian language. An Italian Brazilian ( Italian: Ítalo-Brasiliano, Portuguese: Ítalo-Brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Italian A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The Italian dialects mixed with the countryside Caipira accent of São Paulo; some linguists maintain that the São Paulo dialect of Portuguese was born in Mooca, a district settled in the early 20th century mainly by people from Naples, southern Italy. Caipira ( (in English " Hillbilly " or "country people" is a Brazilian Portuguese term used to designate inhabitants of rural remote areas of Mooca (pron mɔ'ka is the name of a borough of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Geography Southern Italy forms the lower "boot" of the Italian peninsula containing the ankle (Abruzzo and Molise and southern Lazio the toe (Calabria and the heel ^[24][25]

Other languages spoken in the city are mainly among the Asian community: Liberdade district is home to the largest Japanese population outside of Japan. An Asian Brazilian is a Brazilian born person of Asian ancestry Liberdade São Paulo SP, Brazil. Liberdade (pron libeɾ'dadzi Portuguese for "Freedom" is the name of a district in the Although nowadays most Japanese Brazilians can speak only Portuguese, some of them are still fluent in Japanese. A Japanese Brazilian' (日系ブラジル人 in Kanji and Kana Japanese writing nikkei burajiru-jin in Rōmaji Japanese is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities People of Chinese and Korean descent are slightly able to speak their ancestral languages. Chinese Brazilians ( Portuguese: sino-brasileiro or chinês-brasileiro; Chinese: 巴西华人 or 巴西华裔 are people of Chinese The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. However, most of the Brazilian-born generations only speak Portuguese. ^[26]

English and Spanish are taught in most schools, though few São Paulo residents exhibit a high degree of fluency in either language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Statistics

Vila Olimpia.

• Vehicles: 6,000,000 (March 2007)
• Daily newspapers: 19 (May 2007)
• Foundation date: 01/25/1554^[27]

Economy

Trade panel of BM&F Bovespa, the São Paulo Stock Exchange. Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce.

Buildings in the region of Luís Carlos Berrini Avenue.

São Paulo is the 19th richest city of the world and is expected to be the 13th richest in 2020. ^[28] According to data of IBGE, its Gross domestic product (GDP) in 2005 was R$ 263,177,148,000. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Gehjgygmmliografia e Estatística is the agency responsible for Statistical The real (meaning "royal" ɹeˈal in English, [xe{{IPA|ˈ}}aw] in Brazilian Portuguese) ( sign: R$; code: 00 (US$ 156,280,780,941. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 00), equivalent to approximately 12. 26% of the Brazilian GDP and 36% of all production of goods and services of the State of São Paulo. ^[29]

One of the biggest financial centres of Brazil and the world, São Paulo's economy is going through a deep transformation. Once a city with a strong industrial character, São Paulo's economy has become increasingly based on the tertiary sector, focusing on services and businesses for the country.

Many analysts point to São Paulo as an important global city, even though this assignment can be criticized considering its serious problems of social exclusion and spacial segregation. ^[30] Although being the most important financial centre of the country, São Paulo's economy also presents a high degree of informality. In Economics, the term informal economy (or second economy in the South African context refers to all economic activities that fall outside the formal ^[31]

The São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&F Bovespa) is Brazil's official stock and bonds exchange. The BM&F Bovespa is the largest stock exchange in Latin America and third largest in the world. ^[32]

The GDP for the city was R$ 263,177,148,000 (2005). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[33]

The per capita income for the city was R$ 24,083 (2005). Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[34]

Culture

Music

The Municipal theater.

Adoniran Barbosa was a famous samba singer and composer who became successful during São Paulo's radio era. Adoniran Barbosa, Artistic name of João Rubinato ( 6 July, 1912, Valinhos - 23 November, 1982, São Paulo Samba ( is one of the most popular forms of music in Brazil. It is widely viewed as Brazil's national musical style Born in 1912 in the town of Valinhos, Barbosa was known as the composer to the lower classes of São Paulo, particularly the poor Italian immigrants living in the quarters of Bexiga (Bela Vista) and Brás, as well as the poor who lived in the city's many shanties and cortiços (degraded multifamily row houses). The topics of his songs are drawn from the life of low-wage urban workers, the unemployed and the vagabonds. His first big hit was Saudosa Maloca ("Shanty of Fond Memories", 1951), wherein three homeless friends recall with nostalgia their improvised shanty, which was torn down by the landowner to make room for a building. In his Trem das Onze ("The 11 PM Train", 1964) record, which has been ranked one of the five best samba songs ever, the protagonist explains to his lover that he cannot stay any longer because he has to catch the last train to the Jaçanã suburb, for his mother will not sleep before he arrives. An old-school samba band called Demônios da Garoa still plays his songs in the traditional Bar Brahma venue in the Centro. CentrO is part of a large commercial development in Oberhausen, Germany called the "Neue Mitte" or "new center"

Sala São Paulo. The Julio Prestes Cultural Center which is in the old Julio Prestes Station was inaugurated on July 9 1999

In the late 1960s, a psychedelic rock band called Os Mutantes led the way in the national avant garde music scene. Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. Os Mutantes (uz muˈtɐ̃tʃis The Mutants are an influential Brazilian Psychedelic rock band that were linked with the Tropicália movement Their success is sometimes related to that of other tropicalia musicians, but they also had a musical style and ideas of their own. They were regarded as very paulistanos in their behaviour and clothing. Os Mutantes released five albums together before lead singer Rita Lee departed in 1972 to start a solo career. Rita Lee Jones, now Rita Lee Jones Carvalho, known simply as Rita Lee, (born on December 31, 1947) is a Brazilian rock Although almost exclusively known in Brazil at that time, Os Mutantes became quite successful abroad after the 1990s (a well-spread legend has it that one Brazilian girl in an exchange programme in California, U. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. S. , forgot one Mutantes' vinyl record in her American host family, leading the way to the popularisation of the band in that U. S. state). In 2000, a record sung in English, Tecnicolor, was released with artwork designed by Sean Lennon. Tecnicolor would have been the fourth album by the Brazilian Tropicália band Os Mutantes. Sean Taro Ono Lennon (aka Sean Ono Lennon, born 9 October 1975 is an American singer songwriter musician and actor

Ibirapuera Auditorium. The Ibirapuera Auditorium ( Auditório Ibirapuera) is a building conceived by Oscar Niemeyer for the presentation of musical spectacles situated in Ibirapuera

After the two oil price shocks in the 1970s, the country suffered from an economic recession during the 1980s, a phenomenon that was named the lost decade. The very repressive military government of the day did not help in any way the social situation. A late punk and garage scene became strong in the 1980s, perhaps associated with the gloomy scenario of unemployment and few actual prospectives from the viewpoint of the youth. Underground rock bars and clubs in town were full of thriving musicians and artists waiting for their moment to come. Examples of bands originating from this movement include Ira! and Titãs. Ira! ( Portuguese for ire, even though the name was actually inspired by the Irish Republican Army) was a Brazilian rock Titãs are one of the most successful rock bands in Brazil, along with Legião Urbana, Os Paralamas do Sucesso and Barão Vermelho In the 1990s, drum & bass became another musical movement in São Paulo, with artists such as DJ Marky, DJ Patife, XRS, Drumagick, and Fernanda Porto. Marco Antonio Silva aka DJ Marky is a Brazilian Drum and bass DJ Wagner Borges Ribeiro de Souza (born September 15, 1977) better known by his Stage name DJ Patife, is a prominent Brazilian XRS, aka XRS Land is one of several pseudonyms of Xerxes de Oliveira a Drum and bass producer from Brazil Drumagick are the brothers JrDeep (born 1977) and Guilherme Lopes (born 1981) Fernanda Porto, or Maria Fernanda Dutra Clemente (Serra Negra - Brazil, December 31 1965) is a Brazilian singer of Drum 'n' Bossa ^[35] Many heavy metal bands also originated in São Paulo, such as Angra and Torture Squad. Torture Squad is a Brazilian death / Thrash metal band. The band has been around since 1990 and to this date they have released five studio Many "alternative" cultures of São Paulo mingle at a small shopping mall dubbed Galeria do Rock (English: "Rock Gallery"), which includes shops which cater to a broad range of alternative niches.

The classical music in São Paulo is also very prevalent. Many of the most important classical Brazilian composers who are still alive, like Amaral Vieira, Osvaldo Lacerda and Edson Zampronha, were born in and live in São Paulo. Osvaldo Lacerda (born March 23, 1927 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian composer São Paulo has two important opera houses: Teatro Municipal de São Paulo and Theatro São Pedro, and some opera performances are sometimes hosted in other theaters like Credicard Hall. Municipal Theatre of São Paulo is one of the most important Theatres in South America and one of the landmarks of the city of São Paulo. Local baritone Paulo Szot has won international acclaim and a Tony Award nomination for his performance in a 2008 revival of South Pacific. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. Paulo Szot ( pronounced /poʊ'lu 'ʃɒt/) (born 1969) is a Tony Award -winning Brazilian Opera Baritone singer and Actor The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented South Pacific is a musical, with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and book by both Hammerstein and Joshua The São Paulo State Symphony is one of the outstanding orchestras in Latin America and in the world. Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo ( OSESP) ( São Paulo State Symphony) is a Symphony orchestra based in São Paulo, Brazil

Literature

São Paulo was home to the first jesuit missionaries in Brazil, in the early 16th century. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order They wrote reports to the Portuguese crown about the newly found land, the native peoples and composed pieces of poetry and music for the catechism. A catechism (ˈkætəkɪzəm κατηχισμός is a summary or exposition of Doctrine, traditionally used in Christian religious teaching from New Testament Among them were priests such as Manuel da Nóbrega and José de Anchieta, living in or near the colony then called Piratininga. Manuel da Nóbrega (old spelling Manoel da Nóbrega) (1517 Sanfins do Douro Trás-os-Montes, Portugal - 1570 was a Portuguese Jesuit priest José de Anchieta ( March 19 1534 &ndash June 9 1597) was a Canarian Jesuit Missionary to Brazil in They also helped to register the Old Tupi language, lexicon and its grammar. Old Tupi or Classical Tupi is an extinct Tupian language which was spoken by the native Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who lived close

The Brazilian Modernist Movement as an organized trend started in São Paulo in 1922. Both these authors were influential writers form the Modernism in Brazil:

• Mário de Andrade
• Oswald de Andrade

Sites of interest

The Estação da Luz in downtown. For the Angolan politician and writer see Mário Pinto de Andrade. José Oswald de Andrade Souza ( January 11, 1890 – October 22, 1954) was a Brazilian Poet and Polemicist The Luz Station ( Estação da Luz) is the common name for a train station in the Luz neighbourhood in São Paulo, Brazil.

Contemporary buildings in the district of Itaim Bibi.

São Paulo's Avenida Paulista.

São Paulo is a major cultural centre. The city has an ethnically diverse metropolitan area, with heavy Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, German, Arabic Christians, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Jewish, Armenian & Russian/Slavic influences. Besides those ethnic groups, the city has also a fair amount of African-Luso-Brazilians and migrants from Northeast Brazil, Minas, the Southern states, and from all over Brazil. Lately, it has been getting an influx of Nigerian, Kenian, and Angolans, as well as Bolivians and other South Americans who migrate to work in sweatshops run by Arabs and Koreans. Cape Verdeans are known for frequently travelling to and from the city to shop at 25 de Marco Street's bargain clothing market district. The city is known for its varied and sophisticated cuisine, ranging from Chinese to French, from fast food chains to five star restaurants. Chinese cuisine ( Traditional Chinese: 中國菜 Simplified Chinese: 中国菜 originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in French cuisine is a style of cooking derived from the nation of France. Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly There are approximately 62 different types of cuisines in São Paulo, and more than 12,000 restaurants. ^[36] Other venues such as bars, pubs, lounges and discos cater to a variety of music tastes.

São Paulo is home to the São Paulo Museum of Art (MASP), dedicated by Queen Elizabeth II in the first half of the XX century and "Pinacoteca do Estado" art museums, a symphonic orchestra (São Paulo State Symphony (OSESP - based in the Sala São Paulo theatre in the gorgeous Julio Prestes train station), and a Formula One Grand Prix racing circuit (Interlagos). The São Paulo Museum of Art (in Portuguese Museu de Arte de São Paulo, or MASP) is an important fine-art museum located on Paulista Avenue Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo ( OSESP) ( São Paulo State Symphony) is a Symphony orchestra based in São Paulo, Brazil The Julio Prestes Cultural Center which is in the old Julio Prestes Station was inaugurated on July 9 1999 Grand Prix motor racing has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as far back as 1894 Autódromo José Carlos Pace or Interlagos is the venue of the Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix, located in a suburb of the city of São Paulo

Landmarks

• Pátio do Colégio (founding site of the city, former Jesuit mission-school to convert the natives to Catholicism)
• Praça da Sé (Large square next to the São Paulo Cathedral. Pátio do Colégio ( School Yard in Portuguese) also written with the archaic spelling Pateo do Collegio, is the name given to the historical The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order The Praça da Sé ( Cathedral Square) is a public space in São Paulo, considered the center of town because is the point from where the distancy of all roads that The São Paulo Sé Cathedral ( Portuguese: Catedral da Sé de São Paulo) is the Cathedral of the city of São Paulo, in Brazil Official centre of the city)
• Catedral da Sé (the metropolitan cathedral, a symbol of the city)
• Edifício Itália (skyscraper with observation deck)
• Banespa Building (skyscraper with observation deck and museum designed after the Empire State building)
• Museu do Ipiranga (museum built where the Independence of Brazil was proclaimed in 1822)
• Estação da Luz (historical railway station built 1895-1901)
• Museum of the Portuguese Language (located inside Estação da Luz, a historic British built old world charming train station through which European immigrants arrived into the city from the Port of Santos)
• Municipal Theatre of São Paulo (magnificent opera house built in the early 20th century)
• Solar da Marquesa (rare example of 18th century architecture)
• Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (important museum of Brazilian art)
• Museu de Arte Sacra (museum of religious art, with important baroque art pile)
• Mercado Municipal (historical market place in São Paulo)
• Avenida Paulista (one of the most important thoroughfares of the city and the site of many cultural centers and museums, such as the MASP and Centro Cultural Itaú)
• Ibirapuera Park (the second largest park of the city (Parque do Carmo is the biggest), is also home to several museums. The São Paulo Sé Cathedral ( Portuguese: Catedral da Sé de São Paulo) is the Cathedral of the city of São Paulo, in Brazil Edifício Itália ( Portuguese for Italy Building is a 168 metre tall 46 story skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil, built from 1956 to 1965 The Altino Arantes Building also known as the "Banespa Building" is an important Skyscraper located in São Paulo, Brazil. The Museu Paulista of the University of São Paulo (commonly known by Brazilians as Museu do Ipiranga) is a The Empire of Brazil was a political entity that comprised present-day Brazil under the rule of Emperors Pedro I and his son Pedro II. The Luz Station ( Estação da Luz) is the common name for a train station in the Luz neighbourhood in São Paulo, Brazil. The Museum of the Portuguese Language (Portuguese Museu da Língua Portuguesa) is an interactive Museum about the Portuguese language in the city of Municipal Theatre of São Paulo is one of the most important Theatres in South America and one of the landmarks of the city of São Paulo. An opera house is a theater building used for Opera performances that consists of a stage an orchestra pit audience seating and backstage facilities for costumes Paulista Avenue (in Portuguese, Avenida Paulista) is one of the most important avenues in São Paulo, Brazil. The São Paulo Museum of Art (in Portuguese Museu de Arte de São Paulo, or MASP) is an important fine-art museum located on Paulista Avenue Ibirapuera Park (in Portuguese Parque do Ibirapuera) is a major urban park in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for its buildings designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer, such as the Oca and the new Ibirapuera Auditorium)
• Edifício Copan, also designed by Oscar Niemeyer, in the Centro neighbourhood. Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important Built between 1951 and 1966, its wavy shape gives the building an impression of movement, and the integration of small businesses and residential flats are of innovative urbanism.
• Memorial da América Latina (another complex of buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer)
• Rock's Gallery (rock'n'roll especialized shopping center)
• Shoppings Malls Iguatemi, Ibirapuera, Morumbi, Eldorado & Daslu boutique
• Unique Boutique Hotel around Ibirapuera Park with a fancy bar; 5-Star Renaissance Marriott Hotel with renowned cuisine in Jardins; Hilton Hotel, where President Bush, Mrs. Bush and Condoleeza Rice stayed around Berrini Ave.
• Liberdade (Asian district of São Paulo)artifact & food open market every Sunday and festivals during Chinese New Year, Japanese holidays, and on the birthday of Buddha. Liberdade São Paulo SP, Brazil. Liberdade (pron libeɾ'dadzi Portuguese for "Freedom" is the name of a district in the

São Paulo has 280 cinemas, 120 theatres, 71 museums, 39 cultural centers and about 70 shopping malls.

Events

There are some Web sites and magazines specialising in the cultural events in the city, including the Agenda Cultural de São Paulo (São Paulo's Cultural Calendar). ^[37]

Bienal de São Paulo

2006 Brazilian GP in Interlagos. Interlagos is in the City of São Paulo, Brazil. It's the home to the Formula One Brazilian

São Paulo Art Biennial. São Paulo Art Biennial was founded in 1951 and has been held every two years since

The São Paulo Art Biennial is a cultural event hosted in town every two years. São Paulo Art Biennial was founded in 1951 and has been held every two years since Almost 1 million people visited the 26th Bienal in 2004. Its theme was chosen to enable a wide range of artistic positions to feel comfortable. The concept of "Free Territory" involved various dimensions: it had a physical-geographical, a socio-political as well as an aesthetic dimension — the latter, of course, being of greatest interest in the context of this exhibition.

In order to emphasise the thematic unity of the overall exhibition, the invited artists and those representing the countries are mixed together on the 25,000 square metres of the spacious Oscar Niemeyer Pavilion. Despite the complexity of individual voices, the final result was intended to be a unity.

In addition to an intensification of the North-South dialogue inside Brazil, the Bienal's aims include the promoting of links between non-European cultures along a South-South orientation. The next edition of the Biennale will take place in 2008.

São Paulo Fashion Week

Brazil first entered the international fashion circuit with the increasing reputation of famous Brazilian top models such as Adriana Lima, Gisele Bündchen, Alessandra Ambrosio, Fernanda Tavares, Ana Beatriz Barros, Izabel Goulart and Ana Hickmann, and the "discovery" of some fresh talents such as Alexandre Herchcovitch by some international fashion magazines. Adriana Francesca Lima (born June 12 1981 is a Brazilian model known for her work with Victoria's Secret and Maybelline cosmetics Gisele Caroline Bündchen (born July 20 1980 is a Brazilian model. Alessandra Corine Ambrósio (born April 11, 1981 is a Brazilian model. Fernanda Tavares (born on September 22, 1980) is a Brazilian model. Ana Beatriz redirects here for the Brazilian racing driver see Bia Figueiredo. Maria Izabel Goulart Dourado (born October 23, 1984 is a Brazilian model. Ana Hickmann (born March 1, 1981 in Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) is a professional Supermodel. Alexandre Herchcovitch (born in 21 July, 1971, in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Fashion designer. As a consequence of this, São Paulo Fashion Week is the place to see and to be seen in Brazilian fashion scene, always attracting a number of international editors and models. ^[38]

Electronic Language International Festival

The Electronic Language International Festival^[39] is a non-profit cultural organization, whose purpose is to disseminate and to develop arts, technologies and scientific research, by means of exhibitions, debates, lectures, and courses. FILE - Electronic Language International Festival is a New media art festival held yearly in São Paulo Brazil since 2000 and with iterations being held eventually in other The festival promotes a yearly meeting in Brazil, in the city of São Paulo. The event is open to the public, and intends to expand its educational reach to local and eventually remote audiences, thus sharing the experiences learned with FILE, through technologies of education, communication, registration and memory. The File Festival show in its events web art, net. art, artificial life, hypertext, computer animation, real time teleconferences, virtual reality, panoramas, interactive movie, e- video, electronic art installations and robotics through interactive and immersive rooms.

Festival of Electronic Art

Itaim Bibi District.

Every two years, Associação Cultural Videobrasil's International Electronic Art Festival brings groundbreaking work by cream-of-the-crop artists from all over the world to São Paulo. In 1983 despite the fact that electronic art had just arrived in Brazil, Associação Cultural Videobrasil (or simply Videobrasil) organized the first edition of In keeping with the constant transformations in media and support, the curatorship has added installations, performances, VJs, CD-ROM art, and Internet art to the programme.

The Festival includes a competitive exhibition of so-called southern circuit and an extensive parallel programme. Art shows, debates and meetings introduce new ideas and artwork, setting new guidelines for contemporary art in Brazil. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld

Exhibitions featuring work by prominent electronic artists are also part of the Festival. Brazilian pioneers such as Rafael França and Olhar Eletrônico, and international guests such as Nam June Paik, Bill Viola and Gary Hill, have featured in the event’s past editions. Each edition has a theme of its own. ^[40]

Carnival of São Paulo.

• January 25 Sao Paulo anniversary municipal holiday
• São Paulo Fashion Week
• Anima Mundi — an international competitive video and film festival devoted exclusively to animation)
• AnimeCon — International Anime Convention
• AnimeDreams — International Anime Convention
• Anime Friends — International Anime Convention
• Mercado Mundo Mix
• São Paulo International Film Festival
• São Paulo International Short Film Festival
• Carnival of São Paulo
• Virada Cultural, 24 hr Music & Arts shows throughout the city in April
• Skol Beats
• Tim Festival — indie music festival
• Nokia Trends
• Corpus Christi Mass in solemn procession on decorated streets, mostly in State towns: May or June
• Jesus Day Parade led by Evangelicals on Corpus Christi holiday - Zona Norte/Leste
• Largest Gay Parade in the World - May: Avenida Paulista
• Festas Juninas celebrating 3 popular saints Anthony, John, & Peter: June 13,24,29 or their eve - square dance
• 9 de Julho --July 9th--Constitutional Revolution - holiday in Sao Paulo
• Festa de N. Anima Mundi is a competitive Brazilian video and Film festival devoted exclusively to Animation, held every July in the cities of Rio de Janeiro The São Paulo International Film Festival is a Film festival held annually in São Paulo, Brazil since 1976. S. Achiropita in Bixiga in August
• San Gennaro Feast in Bras in August
• 7 de Setembro --Sept 7th-- Independence Day Parade
• 12 de Outubro --Oct 12th-- Children's Day & Lady Aparecida, patroness saint of Brazil
• November 2 - All Souls' Day holiday with cemetery visits, candle lighting & Mass
• November 15 Proclamation of the Republic/Election Day
• December 8 Immaculate Conception/Yemanja' Day with African Brazilian offerings to the goddess of the sea in Santos
• Christmas/New Year season: concerts at municipal theatre, Sala Cidade de Sao Paulo, Se' Cathedral & Protestant churches, & shoppings malls. Decorations & carols along avenida Paulista.
• December 31 Sao Silvestre international race & concerts/fireworks on avenida Paulista
• Fenasoft (International Computer and Software Trade Fair)
• UD Fare — Domestic Utilities Fair
• Feira Bienal Internacional de Arte de Sao Paulo - Ibirapuera Park
• Feira Internacional do Livro — Book International Fair
• São Paulo Restaurant Week^[41]

Sports

Football

Morumbi Stadium

Pacaembu Stadium

As in the rest of Brazil, football is by far the most popular sport in the city. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The major teams in São Paulo are Corinthians, Palmeiras and São Paulo FC. Sport Club Corinthians Paulista is a Brazilian Sports club, based in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, most known for its football Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, usually called Palmeiras, is a Brazilian football team from São Paulo. São Paulo Futebol Clube, usually called São Paulo FC or just São Paulo, is a traditional Brazilian football team from São Paulo, founded There are three other small clubs in the city, Portuguesa, Juventus and Nacional. Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, usually called Portuguesa or Lusa, is a Sports club, and a traditional Brazilian football team from The Clube Atlético Juventus ( Latin for Youth) usually known simply as Juventus, is a traditional Brazilian football club based in Nacional Atlético Clube, usually known simply as Nacional, is a Brazilian football team, from the city of São Paulo, São Paulo state Another popular club in São Paulo is Santos FC from the nearby coastal city of the same name, Santos.

São Paulo is one of the 18 remaining candidates to host games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, for which Brazil is the host nation. The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld

Soccer/Football teams

Corrida de São Silvestre

The São Silvestre Race takes place every New Year's Eve (31 December). Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, usually called Palmeiras, is a Brazilian football team from São Paulo. The Série A (informally called Brasileirão) is the highest division of Brazilian football. São Paulo Futebol Clube, usually called São Paulo FC or just São Paulo, is a traditional Brazilian football team from São Paulo, founded The Série A (informally called Brasileirão) is the highest division of Brazilian football. Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo is a Stadium in São Paulo, Brazil, popularly known as Estádio do Morumbi, or just Morumbi Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, usually called Portuguesa or Lusa, is a Sports club, and a traditional Brazilian football team from The Série A (informally called Brasileirão) is the highest division of Brazilian football. The Estádio do Canindé, also known as Estádio Oswaldo Teixeira Duarte, is a football stadium inaugurated on January 11, 1956 in Canindé Sport Club Corinthians Paulista is a Brazilian Sports club, based in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, most known for its football Teams currently playing Série B See also Campeonato Brasileiro Série B 2008 Champions of Série B Titles by Team Titles The Estádio Alfredo Schürig most commonly known as Estádio Parque São Jorge, or Fazendinha, is a football stadium inaugurated on July 22 The Clube Atlético Juventus ( Latin for Youth) usually known simply as Juventus, is a traditional Brazilian football club based in History and Past Champions The Campeonato Brasileiro has existed ever since 1971 Estádio Conde Rodolfo Crespi, usually known as Estádio Rua Javari, is a multi-use Stadium located in São Paulo 's Mooca neighborhood Nacional Atlético Clube, usually known simply as Nacional, is a Brazilian football team, from the city of São Paulo, São Paulo state History and Past Champions The Campeonato Brasileiro has existed ever since 1971 New Year's Eve is on December 31, the final day of the Gregorian year and the day before New Year's Day. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. It was first held in 1925, when the competitors ran about 8,000 metres across the streets. Since then, the distance raced has varied, and it is now fixed at 15 km. Registration takes place from 1 October, with the maximum number of entrants limited to 15,000. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.

Brazilian Grand Prix

The Brazilian Grand Prix (Portuguese: Grande Prêmio do Brasil) is a Formula One championship race which occurs at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace in Interlagos. The Brazilian Grand Prix (Grande Prêmio do Brasil is a Formula One championship race which occurs at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace in Interlagos Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Autódromo José Carlos Pace or Interlagos is the venue of the Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix, located in a suburb of the city of São Paulo Interlagos is in the City of São Paulo, Brazil. It's the home to the Formula One Brazilian In 2006 the Grand Prix was the final round of the FIA Formula 1 World Championship. The Spanish driver Fernando Alonso won the 2006 drivers championship at this circuit by coming second in the race. Fernando Alonso Díaz (born July 29, 1981 in Oviedo, Spain) is a Spanish Formula One racing driver and a two-time The race was won by the young Brazilian driver Felipe Massa, driving for the Scuderia Ferrari team. Felipe Massa (born in São Paulo April 25, 1981) is a Brazilian Formula One racing driver currently employed by the Ferrari Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing

Other sports

Volleyball, basketball and tennis are other major sports. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) There are several traditional sports clubs in São Paulo that are home for teams in many championships. The most important are Esporte Clube Pinheiros (waterpolo, volleyball, swimming, basketball and handball), Clube Atlhetico Paulistano (basketball), Esporte Clube Banespa (volleyball, handball and futsal), Associação Atlética Hebraica (basketball) and São Paulo Athletic Club (rugby union). Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six Futsal is an indoor version of Association football. Its name is derived from the Portuguese fut ebol de sal ão and the Spanish São Paulo Athletic Club, also known as SPAC, was a historic Brazilian football club founded on May 15, 1888 by Charles William Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short

International sports events

The following international sports events have been held in São Paulo:

• 1950 — FIFA World Cup (football)
• 1963 — Pan American Games (Multi-sports)
• 1971 — FIBA World Championship for Women
• 1977 — Women's U20 Volleyball World Championship
• 1983 — FIBA World Championship for Women
• 1993 — Volleyball World League
• 1994 — Women's Volleyball World Championship
• 2000 — FIFA Club World Championship (Football)
• 2005 — World Cup in Artistic Gymnastics
• 2006 — International Police and Fire Games (Multi-sports)
• 2006 — FIBA World Championship for Women (Basketball)
• 2006 — 13th World Cup Final in Artistic Gymnastics
• 2007 — 3rd International Blind Sports Association World Championships and Games

Transportation

See: Transport in São Paulo

Motorways

Imigrantes highway, one of two major roads connecting São Paulo to the Atlantic coastline through a range of hills known as Serra do Mar. The FIFA World Cup, occasionally called the Football World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international Association football The 4th Pan American Games were held from April 20 to May 5, 1963 in São Paulo, Brazil. The Pan American Games are a Multi-sport event, held every four years between competitors from all nations of The Americas. The FIBA World Championship for Women (also called the Basketball World Championship for Women) is a world Basketball tournament for women's national teams held quadrennially The FIBA World Championship for Women (also called the Basketball World Championship for Women) is a world Basketball tournament for women's national teams held quadrennially The World League is a men's Volleyball competition Created in 1990 it is the longest and richest of all the international events organized by the FIVB. The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship was the inaugural FIFA Club World Championship held in Brazil from 5 January to 14 January 2000 The FIFA Club World Cup, formerly known as the FIFA Club World Championship, is a football competition contested between the champion clubs from all six continental The 2006 FIBA World Championship for Women took place in Brazil from September 12 to September 23, 2006. The FIBA World Championship for Women (also called the Basketball World Championship for Women) is a world Basketball tournament for women's national teams held quadrennially The urban mobility in São Paulo is characterized by a complex transport system composed of several variables and subsystems Rodovia dos Imigrantes (official designation SP-160 is a highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

The city is crossed by many of the most important Brazilian motorways, such as the BR-116, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Rodovia Anhangüera, Rodovia dos Bandeirantes, Rodovia Anchieta, Rodovia Castelo Branco and Rodovia dos Imigrantes. Rodovia Raposo Tavares (official designation SP-270 is the longest Highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with 664 km History The route was first used in 1774 as a dirt road between São Paulo city Jundiaí and Campinas, serving the Cattle troops and voyagers See also Highway system of São Paulo Brazilian Highway System Rodovia Anchieta (Anchieta Highway official designation SP-150 is a highway connection between São Paulo and the Atlantic coast the cities of Cubatão See also Highway system of São Paulo Brazilian Highway System Rodovia dos Imigrantes (official designation SP-160 is a highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Automobiles are still the main means to get into the city.

Rodoanel

São Paulo grew quickly from the 1940s to the 1980s and many roads and buildings were built without major planning. As a result, heavy traffic is common on the city's main avenues, and traffic jams are relatively common on its largest highways. The main means of commuting into the city is by car and by bus. An effective way of avoiding heavy vehicles traffic in the city, such as buses and trucks that crossed the city for other destinations, was planned by ex-governor Mário Covas as a road ring that circles the city, called Rodoanel Mario Covas,^[42] and is being built by DERSA. Mário Covas Júnior ( Santos, 21 April 1930 &mdash São Paulo, 6 March 2001) was an important Brazilian ^[43]

Railways

Luz railway station in São Paulo Downtown.

Although poorly served by heavy rail services, there is an infrastructure project to build a high-speed railway service linking Brazil's two largest cities, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. ^[44] The trains would go as fast as 280 km per hour (the trip would last about 1 hour and 30 minutes). This specific project is still waiting an official announcement by the Brazilian government, who is trying to obtain international financing through a public-private partnership. Public-private partnership ( PPP) describes a government service or private business venture which is funded and operated through a partnership of government and one or more

Another important project is the "Expresso Bandeirantes", which is a medium-speed rail service (about 160 km/h) from São Paulo to Campinas, which would reduce the journey time from the current one hour and a half by car to about 50 minutes by train, linking the towns of São Paulo, Jundiaí, Campinas Airport, and Campinas city center. Campinas (kɐ̃ːˈpinɐs is a city and county ( município) located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Jundiaí is a city and Municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This service is also going to be connected to the railway service between São Paulo city center and Guarulhos Airport.

Major works on an express railway service between São Paulo city center and Guarulhos International Airport were announced by the São Paulo state government in 2007,^[45] which will be a milestone in the revitalisation and improvement of the Brazilian passenger railway services.

Airports

Congonhas-São Paulo International Airport.

São Paulo has three airports. There are two major airports in the São Paulo metropolitan area: São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport (IATA: GRU) for domestic and international flights and Congonhas (IATA: CGH) for domestic flights. São Paulo/Guarulhos – Governor André Franco Montoro International Airport, also known as Cumbica International Airport, is a major Brazilian airport the An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many There's also a small airport known as Campo de Marte north of the Old Center for small, private aircraft and helicopters. Campo de Marte Airport (see Campus Martius) was São Paulo 's first airport situated 6 km north of the city center Campo de Marte also hosts the Ventura Goodyear Blimp. The Goodyear Blimp is the collective name for a fleet of blimps operated by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company for Advertising purposes and for use as a

Congonhas Airport operates domestic and regional flights, mainly to Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Brasília. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Belo Horizonte ( Portuguese for "beautiful horizon", (bɛloɾiˈzõtʃi) is the capital of Minas Gerais state located in the Campo de Marte airport handles some private and small-sized airplanes. Guarulhos International Airport, also known to São Paulo dwellers as "Cumbica", is located 25 km North East of the city centre, in the neighbouring city of Guarulhos. Guarulhos is the second largest city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo and a suburb of São Paulo city itself Guarulhos airport operates both domestic and international flights.

On 2007-07-17 the worst airline accident in Brazil's history occurred at Congonhas airport, blamed on rain and a shortended runway. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians TAM Airlines Flight 3054 (JJ 3054 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight between Porto Alegre and São Paulo, Brazil. 199 people from the plane and on the ground died. Following the accident, pilots refused to land under rainy conditions and the Brazilian President signed an act so that ticket sales for flights to the airport be stopped. Aviation throughout the entire country reached a crisis state, which is slowly being overcome by new safety measures such as the introduction of a grooved pavement in the runways.

In 2006, about 34,3 million people went through the city's airports (mainly from Congonhas and Guarulhos International Airport, the only two operating commercial flights). Infraero, Brazil's main aviation authority, estimates that with the remodelling of Guarulhos Airport, São Paulo's airports will be able to handle about 45 million passengers a year within the next five years. Infraero is a Brazilian Government corporation created in 1970 and responsible for administering the main Brazilian commercial airports There are also plans to expand the Viracopos-Campinas International Airport at Campinas, a city about 90 km North of São Paulo. Viracopos/Campinas International Airport is an international Airport in Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Campinas (kɐ̃ːˈpinɐs is a city and county ( município) located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

São Paulo has allegedly one of the highest per capita helicopter ownership in the world. History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. The owners are an elite wealthy class who take advantage of around one hundred helipads and heliports to conveniently avoid heavy traffic. ^[46]

Underground and light rail system

Train of São Paulo Metro. The São Paulo Metro ( Portuguese: Metropolitano de São Paulo, commonly called Metro) is the city of São Paulo 's Rapid transit

Train of CPTM. Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (short form CPTM, pronunciation seh-peh-teh-eh-meh ( English: São Paulo Metropolitan Train Company) is

The city has 61,3 km of underground railway systems (34. 6 km fully underground) (the São Paulo Metro,^[47] locally known as the Metrô), with 4 lines in operation and 55 stations, complemented by another 261,7 km of Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM, or "Paulista Company of Metropolitan Trains") railways. The São Paulo Metro ( Portuguese: Metropolitano de São Paulo, commonly called Metro) is the city of São Paulo 's Rapid transit The São Paulo Metro ( Portuguese: Metropolitano de São Paulo, commonly called Metro) is the city of São Paulo 's Rapid transit Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (short form CPTM, pronunciation seh-peh-teh-eh-meh ( English: São Paulo Metropolitan Train Company) is Both CPTM and the underground railway lines carry some 5 million people on an average weekday, and a few new underground lines to be constructed are expected to add another million people to the system within the next five years. The projects expected to expand São Paulo's urban railway system from the current 323 km to more than 500 km on the next 10 years. ^[48]

São Paulo has three rapid transport systems:

• The underground rail system (called "metrô", short for "metropolitano"), with three complete lines
• The suburban rail system, Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM), has six lines that serve many regions not reached by the underground system, and even some other cities in the metropolitan region. Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (short form CPTM, pronunciation seh-peh-teh-eh-meh ( English: São Paulo Metropolitan Train Company) is The CPTM network is longer than the underground rail system.
• The fast-lane bus system: there are many such bus lines in the city, called "Passa Rápido", which are street-level, placed on large avenues, and connected with the underground or suburban train stations.

São Paulo has no tram lines, although trams used to be common in the first half of the 20th century. ^[49]

São Paulo's underground train system is modern, safe, clean and efficient, considered one of the best subway systems in the world, as certified by the NBR ISO 9001. It has four lines (a fifth, the Yellow line, is under construction) and links to the metropolitan train network, the CPTM.

The underground rail lines are:

• Line 1 - Blue: The first Metrô line built connects the North and the South Side of São Paulo. The São Paulo Metro ( Portuguese: Metropolitano de São Paulo, commonly called Metro) is the city of São Paulo 's Rapid transit Connections are available for the Green, Red and Yellow lines and also for CPTM trains. Tietê and Jabaquara bus terminals are also reachable through the use of this line.
• Line 2 - Green: The Green line transverses the Avenida Paulista ridge, connecting Ipiranga to Vila Madalena, and also integrating the Blue and Yellow lines. The São Paulo Metro ( Portuguese: Metropolitano de São Paulo, commonly called Metro) is the city of São Paulo 's Rapid transit
• Line 3 - Red: One of São Paulo's busiest lines, it connects the East Side to the West Side. The São Paulo Metro ( Portuguese: Metropolitano de São Paulo, commonly called Metro) is the city of São Paulo 's Rapid transit Connections to the Blue and Yellow lines are possible, as are with CPTM trains. The Barra Funda bus terminal is located on this line.
• Line 4 - Yellow (under construction): Scheduled to be open in 2009, the Yellow line will connect the central Luz station to the South side in a route constructed immediately below the Consolação and Rebouças avenues. The São Paulo Metro ( Portuguese: Metropolitano de São Paulo, commonly called Metro) is the city of São Paulo 's Rapid transit Connections will be available to the Blue, Green and Red lines and to CPTM trains.
• Line 5 - Lilac: Built for users who need to reach specific places in São Paulo's South Side. The São Paulo Metro ( Portuguese: Metropolitano de São Paulo, commonly called Metro) is the city of São Paulo 's Rapid transit Only a short distance of the line is already available (six complete stations), connecting to CPTM trains at Santo Amaro station.
• Line 6 - Orange (planned): Announced in 2008 and scheduled to be open in 2012, the Orange Line will connect the borough of Freguesia do Ó, in the northwestern side of the city to downtown Sao Paulo. The São Paulo Metro ( Portuguese: Metropolitano de São Paulo, commonly called Metro) is the city of São Paulo 's Rapid transit It will be connected to the subway lines 1 and 4, as well as the line 7 of CPTM.

The following lines are composed by surface trains and managed by CPTM, named after precious stones:

• Line 7 - Ruby: Formerly the northern part of the ancient São Paulo Railway, it connects the Luz station downtown to the city of Francisco Morato, crossing all of the northwestern side of the city. São Paulo Railway (SPR was a railway company in São Paulo (state, Brazil. Francisco Morato is a suburban city in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. An operational extension connects Francisco Morato to the city of Jundiaí. Jundiaí is a city and Municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This is the longest line of the railway system in São Paulo.

• Line 8 - Diamond: Formerly part of the ancient Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana, it connects the Julio Prestes station downtown to Itapevi, going across the western side of the city. Itapevi is a Municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. An operational extension with another train links this line to four more stations in Itapevi. The last station (Amador Bueno) is placed near the border with São Roque. The Julio Prestes station houses the State of the Art concert hall Sala Cidade de São Paulo.

• Line 9 - Emerald: It's located along the Nações Unidas Avenue (Marginal Pinheiros), and connects the region of the Interlagos Speedway to the neighbouring city of Osasco. Osasco is a municipality and city in São Paulo in Brazil, ranking 5th in population among São Paulo municipalities Presently, it makes the only connection with the subway Line 5 - Lilac.

• Line 10 - Turquoise: Formerly the southern part of the ancient São Paulo Railway, it's actually a continuation of the Line 7 - Ruby, and crosses the ABC Region. São Paulo Railway (SPR was a railway company in São Paulo (state, Brazil. The term ABC Region is an industrial region in Greater São Paulo, Brazil.

• Line 11 - Coral: Also known as "Expresso Leste" (East Express), it crosses all the eastern side of São Paulo from downtown, to Guaianases. It is within the largest distance between two stations (between Tatuapé and Itaquera) in all the railway net. There is an operational extension from Guaianases to the campus of the Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, in the city of Mogi das Cruzes. Mogi das Cruzes, also known as Moji das Cruzes, is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo.

• Line 12 - Sapphire: It crosses the northeastern side of São Paulo, from the Brás station downtown until the city of Itaquaquecetuba. Itaquaquecetuba is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.

Buses

EMTU's Modern Trollleybus in São Paulo.

Articulated buses on Tiradentes Express. Articulated buses (either motorbuses or Trolleybuses) also known as tandem buses, bendy buses, banana buses, slinky buses or

The bulk of the public transport (government and private companies) is composed of approximately 17,000 buses (including about 210 trolley buses), coloured uniformily according to the non-central region served (ex. : light green for the buses that go South West, dark blue for the Northern area). Until the past few years, there was a strong presence of informal transport vans (dab vans), but the vast majority of such vans are already fully registered with the city council, legalized and operating under the same color scheme of the main system.

Current critical problems

Congestion on a boulevard in São Paulo.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, São Paulo has been a major economic center in Latin America. With the arrival of the two World Wars and the Great Depression, coffee exports to the United States and Europe were critically affected, leading wealthy coffee farmers to invest in industrial activities which eventually turned São Paulo into Brazil's largest industrial hub. A world war is a War affecting the majority of the world's most powerful and populous nations The new job positions thereof contributed to attracting a significant number of immigrants from Europe and Asia and migrants from within the country, especially the northeastern states. From a population of merely 32,000 inhabitants in 1880, São Paulo increased its population to approximately 250,000 in 1900, 1,800,000 in 1940, 4,750,000 in 1960 and 8,500,000 in 1980. The effects of this population boom have been:

• Although urban planning has been implemented in some areas, São Paulo has developed quickly without major planning. Population growth is the change in Population over time and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for
• Overcrowded public transport associated with a high number of cars and other vehicles in circulation lead to consistently congested traffic on many roads of the city.
• Due to heavy usage and poor maintenance, the quality of the pavement on certain roads (especially in the outskirts of the city) is problematic, and potholes and other asphalt defects are common. Potholing can also be the sport of exploring vertical caves as a synonym of Caving.
• Although the situation is improving, crime rates and gang violence are still high,^[50] especially in the numerous city slums and peripheral neighbourhoods. Crime in Brazil has various facets Common forms of Crime include Drug trafficking, Money laundering, Extortion, murder for hire, According to a federal government research, the city itself ranks 493rd in the list of the 5565 most violent cities in Brazil, but ranks second in the number of firearm-related deaths. In 2004, it ranked 182nd on that same list^[51][52] Additionally, crime rates overall have been steadily decreasing for the past 8 years. ^[53] The number of murders state-wide in 2007 was 63% lower than it was in 1999, ^[54] one-quarter of that in Rio de Janeiro state. Rio de Janeiro ( pron ˈhiu dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. ^[55] One person is kidnapped in the city every two days. In Criminal law, kidnapping is the taking away or Asportation of a person against the person's will usually to hold the person in False imprisonment ^[56]
• Approximately 13. 3% of the population in São Paulo lived in poor conditions^[57]
• High air pollution,^[58] mainly due to the high circulation of automobiles and buses in town. Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of Chemicals Particulate matter, or Biological materials that cause harm or discomfort
• The two major rivers crossing the city, Tietê and Pinheiros , are highly polluted. A major project to clean up these rivers is under process.

Human development

The human development of São Paulo City varies greatly between neighborhoods. While some neighbourhoods presented very high human development indexes in 2000 (equal to or greater than the average indexes of some Scandinavian countries), others presented medium range values (in line with, for example, North Africa)

Top 5 districts

• Moema (0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well The Maghreb (المغرب العربي al-Maġrib al-ʿArabī) also rendered Maghrib (or rarely Moghreb) meaning "place of Sunset 961) - (Equal to  Canada - 0. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page 961)
• Pinheiros (0. 960) - (Greater than  Ireland - 0. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. 959)
• Jardim Paulista (0. 957) - (Greater than  Sweden - 0. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. 956)
• Perdizes (0. 957) - (Greater than  Sweden - 0. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. 956)
• Itaim Bibi (0. 953) - (Equal to  Japan,  Netherlands - 0. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands 953)

Districts in last 5 places:

• Marsilac (0. 701) - (In line with  Mongolia - 0. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East 700)
• Parelheiros (0. 747) - (In line with  Azerbaijan - 0. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South 746)
• Lajeado (0. 748) - (In line with  Azerbaijan - 0. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South 746)
• Jardim Angela (0. 750) - (In line with  Guyana - 0. Guyana (ɡaɪˈænə or /ɡiːˈɑːnə/ officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is the only Nation state 750)
• Iguatemi (0. 751) - (In line with  Guyana - 0. Guyana (ɡaɪˈænə or /ɡiːˈɑːnə/ officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is the only Nation state 750)

Recent news

Clean City Law: Total Billboard Ban

Effective 2008-01-01, the city has implemented the first of its new "Clean City Law" policy. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Almost all outdoor signage, public transportation advertising, and video screens have be removed in an effort to reduce the amount of "visual pollution" ^[59].

Major holidays and celebrations

Summer* January 1 – New Year

• January 25 – São Paulo's Anniversary — city holiday
• Between February and March – Carnival (Brazilian national holidays, from Friday to Fat Tuesday preceding Lent, ending at noon on Ash Wednesday)

Autumn * April 21 National Hero Tiradentes' Day Between April>May: Virada Cultural-- 24 hrs of outdoor cultural displays & pop, rock, international & country music concerts 2nd Sunday in May: Mothers' Day

• May 1 – Labour Day Workers' Rally

May/June: Gay parade

• Between May and June – Catholic Corpus Christi processions mainly in state towns; Evangelical Jesus' Day Parade

in Zona Norte or Leste Winter * June Festas Juninas, celebrating popular saints Peter, Anthony of Padua or Lisbon and John, the Baptist with square dancing & bill hilly attires at clubs, church social rooms or the home. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate The Brazilian Carnival, or Carnaval (Carnaval is an annual festival in Brazil held 4 days before Ash Wednesday and marks the beginning Lent, in some Christian denominations, is the forty-day-long liturgical season of fasting and prayer before Easter. In the Western Christian Calendar, Ash Wednesday is the first day of Lent and occurs forty days before Easter (excluding Sundays Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Labour Day is an annual Holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of

• July 9 – 1932 Paulista Constitutional Revolution, holiday in Sao Paulo

August Italian feasts of San Gennaro in Bras & Lady Achiropita in Bexiga/Bela Vista 2nd Sunday in August, Fathers' Day Spring *September 7 – Independence Day September 21 Arbor Day

• October 12 – Our Lady Aparecida, Patroness saint of Brazil, national holiday

November 2 All Souls Day, National holiday

• November 15 – Proclamation of the Republic
• November 20 – Zumbi dos Palmares/Black History Day

Summer* December 25 – Christmas Day: Decorations at Banco Real & throughout Ave. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Paulista, shoppings, and water/colourful lights show at the giant fountain of Ibirapuera park. December 31 Sao Silvestre Race/New Year's Eve concert & fireworks on Paulista Avenue

Sister cities

See also

• List of municipalities in the state of São Paulo by population
• Conservatório Dramático Musical de São Paulo
• 1963 Pan American Games in São Paulo
• Sister cities of São Paulo
• São Paulo Turismo S/A - Official Tourism Board of the City of São Paulo
• Large Cities Climate Leadership Group
• May 2006 São Paulo violence

References

External links

Official Web sites

• (English) São Paulo Tourism Office home page
• (English) City of São Paulo home page
• (Portuguese) São Paulo official tourist agency Web site
• (Portuguese) São Paulo City Hall Web site
• (English) São Paulo Metro Underground official Web site
• (English) (Portuguese) Bovespa - São Paulo Stock Exchange Web site
• (English) (Portuguese) (Spanish) São Paulo Convention & Visitors Bureau

Other Web sites

• São Paulo Convention and Visitors Bureau
• (English) Gringoes Website
• (English) The New York Times São Paulo's Travel Guide
• (English) UK House of Commons Trade and Industry Committee report on Brazil

Related Wiki links

• São Paulo travel guide from Wikitravel

Maps

• (Portuguese) Maplink — São Paulo Street Guide and Maps

• São Paulo is at coordinates 23°32′36″S 46°37′59″W / -23.5433, -46.633 (São Paulo)Coordinates: 23°32′36″S 46°37′59″W / -23.5433, -46.633 (São Paulo)

News

• (English) Rich Brazilians Rise Above Rush-Hour Jams
• (English) "Sao Paulo: A City Without Ads"
• The Times, "Cutting-edge style in Sao Paulo", by Alex Bello. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
• The Times, "Where cafezinho is the key to commerce", retrieved 06 Dec 2007.
• Guardian Unlimited, "Blog by blog guide to … Sao Paulo".
• The New York Times, "36 Hours in Sao Paulo".

Photographs

• Photo gallery of São Paulo's rail systems