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Roundel of the Royal Netherlands Air Force.
Roundel of the Royal Netherlands Air Force. A roundel in Heraldry is any circular shape in military use it is an Emblem of nationality employed on military aircraft and air force flags generally round and

The Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF), Dutch Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu), is the aviation branch of the Netherlands armed forces. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Its ancestor, the Luchtvaartafdeling (aviation department) of the Dutch Army was founded on July 1, 1913, with just 4 pilots. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Contents

History

The beginning in 1913

Farman
Farman

The Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) is the second youngest operational part of the Dutch armed forces, which consists of four parts: Navy, Army, Air Force and Military Police.

Dutch air power started in July 1913 with the founding of the Army Aviation Group (Luchtvaartafdeeling or abbreviated LVA) at Soesterberg airfield (vliegbasis Soesterberg). When founded, the Army Aviation Group operated just one aircraft, the Brik, which was supplemented with three French Farman aircraft a few months later. Farman Aviation Works was an aeronautic enterprise founded and run by the brothers Henry and Maurice Farman.

These aircraft were soon outdated and the Dutch government ordered several fighter/reconnaissance Nieuport and Caudron aircraft to replace them. Nieuport, later Nieuport-Delage, was a French aeroplane company famous for racers before World War I and fighter aircraft during World War I The Caudron Airplane Company ( Société des avions Caudron) was a French aircraft company founded in 1909 by brothers Gaston Caudron (1882-1915 and René Caudron

1914-1918 WWI

The Netherlands maintained a neutral position during WW I and the Army Aviation Group did not take part in any action, instead developing the force's capabilities.

Pilot training was opened for ranks below officer, and technical, aerial photography, meteorological and navigation flights were established.

A number of new airfields were established at Arnhem, Gilze-Rijen air base, Venlo and Vlissingen. Gilze en Rijen ( is a Municipality in the southern Netherlands.

Between the wars

After the end of WWI the Dutch government cut the defence budget and the carefully built up Army Aviation Group was almost dissolved. As political tensions in Europe increased during the late 1930s the government tried to rebuild the armed forces again in 1938 but there were many problems, not least the shortage of pilot instructors, navigators and pilots to fly the new multiple engine aircraft. Lack of standardisation and resulting maintenance issues added to the complexity of the rebuilding task.

World War II and late 1940s

Fokker D.XXI at the Air Force Museum in Soesterberg.
Fokker D.XXI at the Air Force Museum in Soesterberg. The Fokker DXXI fighter was designed in 1935 for use by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force (ML-KNIL
Fokker G.I Jachtkruiser
Fokker G.I Jachtkruiser

As war loomed, in July 1939 the Army Aviation Group was renamed the Army Aviation Brigade. The Fokker GI was a Dutch heavy twin-engined fighter plane comparable in size and role to the German Messerschmitt Bf 110 and the British Mosquito

In August 1939, the Netherlands government mobilised its armed forces, but due to limited budgets the Army Aviation Brigade operated only 125 combat-ready aircraft of several types.

In May 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Fokker DXXI fighter was designed in 1935 for use by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force (ML-KNIL The Fokker GI was a Dutch heavy twin-engined fighter plane comparable in size and role to the German Messerschmitt Bf 110 and the British Mosquito The Battle of the Netherlands (Slag om Nederland was part of Case Yellow (Fall Gelb the German invasion of the Low Countries ( Belgium Within five days the Dutch Army Aviation Brigade was virtually wiped out by the German Luftwaffe. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. All of the Brigade's bombers, along with 30 D. XXI and 17 G. I fighters were shot down; two D. XXI and eight G. I were destroyed on the ground. Two G. I were captured by German forces, one of which was later flown to England by a Fokker pilot.

In spite of their numerical inferiority, the Dutch armed forces did enjoy success against the Luftwaffe, with more than 350 Luftwaffe aircraft destroyed . While many were lost to anti-aircraft fire and crashes at improvised landing fields in the Netherlands, the Aviation Brigade did enjoy successes. Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging hostile military Aircraft in defence of ground objectives, ground or naval forces The cost was high - almost 95% of the Dutch pilots lost. In recognition of their actions Queen Wilhelmina granted the highest Dutch military decoration, the Militaire Willemsorde (MWO), to the Army Aviation Brigade collectively. Wilhelmina (Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Marie 31 August 1880 &ndash 28 November 1962) was Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the

Some aircrews escaped to England and on June 1, 1940, 320 Squadron and 321 Squadron were established there under RAF operational command. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Due to a shortage of personnel, 321 Squadron was absorbed by 320 Sqn in January 1941. Although their personnel were predominantly from the Navy Air Service, Army Aviation aircrew also served with 320 Sqn until the end of the war.

In 1941, the Royal Netherlands Military Flying School was re-established, in the United States at Jackson Field (also known as Hawkins Field), Jackson, Mississippi, operating lend-lease aircraft and training all military aircrew for the Netherlands. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Hawkins Field is a city-owned public-use Airport located three miles (5 km northwest of the Central business district of Jackson, a city in Lend-Lease (Public Law 77-11 was the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union,

The separate Militaire Luchtvaart van het Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger (ML-KNIL; Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Military Air Service) continued in the Netherlands East Indies (NEI), until its occupation by Japan in 1942. The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force ( Militaire Luchtvaart van het Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger, ML-KNIL was the air arm of the Royal Netherlands East See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below Imperial Japan occupied Indonesia during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945 Some personnel escaped to Australia and Ceylon. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island 321 Squadron was re-formed in Ceylon, in March 1942, from Dutch aviators.

B-25 Mitchell
B-25 Mitchell

In 1942, 18 (NEI) Squadron, a joint Dutch-Australian unit was established, in in Canberra, equipped with B-25 Mitchell bombers. No 18 (Netherlands East Indies Squadron was a joint Dutch and Australian bomber squadron of World War II. Canberra ( is the capital city of Australia With a population of over 340000 it is Australia's largest inland City. It saw action in the New Guinea campaign and over the Dutch East Indies. The New Guinea campaign ( 1942 – 45) was one of the major Military campaigns of World War II. In 1943, 120 (NEI) Squadron was established. 120 (Netherlands East Indies Squadron was a joint Dutch and Australian fighter squadron of World War II. Equipped with Kittyhawk fighters, it flew many missions under Australian command, including the recapturing of Dutch New Guinea. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Western New Guinea campaign was a series of actions in the New Guinea campaign of World War II.

P-40D Kittyhawk
P-40D Kittyhawk

In June 1943, a Dutch fighter squadron was established in England. 322 (Dutch) Squadron, equipped with the Supermarine Spitfire, saw action as part of the RAF. No 322 (Dutch Squadron of the Royal Air Force was a Fighter Squadron during the Second World War History No WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout 322 Sqn aircraft featured the British RAF roundels as well as the Dutch orange triangle. 322 Sqn was successfully deployed against incoming V-1 flying bombs. The Fieseler Fi 103, better known as V-1 (German Vergeltungswaffe 1 was an early Cruise missile used during World War Two From mid-1944, during the invasion of Normandy, it executed ground attack missions over France and Belgium. In Military tactics, close air support ( CAS) is defined as air action by fixed or rotary winged aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to

In July 1944, the Directorate of Netherlands Airpower was established in London.

In 1947, its Chief of Air Force Staff as been appointed.

The Netherlands East Indies ceased to exist in December 1949, when the Dutch government surrendered its territory (except for Dutch New Guinea) to the Republic of Indonesia. Netherlands New Guinea was the official name of Western New Guinea while it was a colonial possession of the Netherlands. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia.

The 1950s and 1960s

In 1951, for the first time in history, several non-combat functions in the Army Aviation were opened to women.

In March 1953 the Royal Netherlands Air Force officially became an autonomous part of the Dutch armed forces.

The Air Defense Command, (Commando Lucht Verdediging, abbreviated CLV) consisting of a command unit, five radar stations and six fighter squadrons, had been established. Its radar equipment as well as its air defense fighters all came from obsolete RAF stocks.

Initially the Spitfire Mk9 was used by 322 sqn until 1954, but were replaced as new squadrons were established.

After the Netherlands joined NATO another new command: Tactical Air Command (Commando Tactische Luchtstrijdkrachten, abbreviated CTL) was established. The North Atlantic Treaty

F-84F Thunderstreak
F-84F Thunderstreak
F-84G Thunderjet
F-84G Thunderjet

New Guinea conflict

The Indonesian government claimed New Guinea following the end of the second world war. The Dutch government considered the area Dutch territory. Negotiations over the country were conducted for years, but tensions grew until Indonesia broke diplomatic relations with the Netherlands at the end of the 1950s.

In response, in 1958, the Netherlands deployed military reinforcements to New Guinea, including an Air Force detachment for the air defense of the island Biak as there was evidence that Indonesia was infiltrating the island in advance of a military operation.

The first Air Force contribution was the installation of two MkIV early warning radars on Biak and neighbouring Woendi island.

The political situation between the Netherlands and Indonesia continued to deteriorate and in 1960 the Dutch government decided to deploy reinforcements. The operations were known by name as ’Plan Fidelio’. For the Dutch Air Force this meant the establishment of an Air Defense Command for New Guinea (Commando Luchtverdediging Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea - CLV NNG) consisting of :

The Dutch government decided deployment of a squadron consisting of 12 Hawker Hunter Mk. 4 AD fighters and two Alouette II SAR helicopters. They were transported to Southeast Asia by the aircraft carrier ‘Karel Doorman’. One year later the Dutch government deployed another 12 Hawker Hunter Mk6 AD fighters; these aircraft were capable to carry more fuel and had a larger combat radius.

In August 1962 Indonesia was ready to attack New-Guinea. Despite reinforcements the Dutch defences would be insufficient to withstand the coming attack. This, and because of international political pressure the Dutch government was forced to agree to the peaceful surrender of New Guinea. Dutch forces were withdrawn from the territory.

The establishment of 336 transport squadron is closely connected to New Guinea. Soon after activation this unit was deployed to New Guinea to take over air transport from the Dutch Navy. 336 Sqn deployed and took over three Navy Dakota’s and three US supplied aircraft. 336 Sqn operated from Mokmer airstrip and transported more than 5,400 passengers between September 1961 and September 1962.

The Cold War era, 1960s, 1970s and later

During the cold war era Dutch Air Force units played an important part in the West European defence against the opposing Warsaw Pact forces. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The Dutch Air Force manned five fully operational self supporting Missile Groups in West Germany (1 and 2 MslGrp were equipped with NIKE batteries, while 3,4 and 5 MslGrp were equipped with Hawk). Nike-Hercules Missile, designation MIM-14 (initially SAM-N-25) was a Solid fuel propelled Surface-to-air missile, used by US and NATO Development Development of the HAWK missile system began in 1952 when the United States Army began studies into a medium range Semi-active radar homing Dutch fighters and other weapon systems also took a full part in NATO alert, standby duties and exercises through the years.

Kosovo

F-16AM 312 Multirole Sqn RNLAF
F-16AM 312 Multirole Sqn RNLAF

RNLAF F-16s participated in Operation Allied Force over Yugoslavia in 1999 from a base in Italy. The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (code-named Operation Allied Force) was NATO 's military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian A RNLAF F-16AM (mid-life update) shot down a Yugoslavian MiG-29 with an AMRAAM, but the force was more recognized for its high bombing accuracy. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile, or AMRAAM (pronounced am-ram is a modern Beyond Visual Range (BVR air-to-air Missile

Operation Enduring Freedom and NATO in Afghanistan

In October 2002 a tri-national detachment of 18 Dutch, Danish and Norwegian F-16 ground attack aircraft and one Dutch KDC-10 tanker deployed to Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan in support of ground forces in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. The Royal Danish Air Force ( Danish: Flyvevåbnet) is the Air force of Denmark, it is an expeditionary Air Force with capability organised The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF ( Norwegian: Luftforsvaret) is the Air force of Norway. Manas Air Base (unofficially Ganci Air Base) is a United States military installation at Manas International Airport, near Bishkek, the capital Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF is the official name used by the U The RNLAF returned to Manas AB in September 2004 with five F-16 and one KDC-10 in support of the presidential elections of Afghanistan. This time the aircraft flew under the NATO ISAF flag. The North Atlantic Treaty International Security Assistance Force (10 ( ISAF) is a NATO -led security and development mission in Afghanistan established by the United Nations

In February 2006 four Dutch F-16s were joined by four Royal Norwegian Air Force F-16s in a detachment known as the 1st Netherlands-Norwegian European Participating Forces Expeditionary Air Wing (1 NLD/NOR EEAW). The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF ( Norwegian: Luftforsvaret) is the Air force of Norway. This was a follow up of the participation with the Belgian Air Force. [1]

As part of the expanded NATO ISAF mission in southern Afghanistan in August 2006, the Royal Netherlands Air Force had six F-16 ground-attack aircraft, three CH-47D Chinook of 298 Sq stationed at Kandahar Airfield. Kandahar International Airport (more commonly known as Kandahar Airport) is located 10 miles (16 kilometers south-east of Kandahar City in Afghanistan Additionally, a detachement of five AH-64D Apache helicopters has been stationed of Tarin Kowt, Uruzgan province. Tarin Kowt is the capital of Orūzgān (also written "Uruzgan" Province in southern Afghanistan.

On August 31, 2006 a Royal Netherlands Air Force (Michael "Sofac" Donkervoort) pilot was killed when his plane crashed during a mission to support British ground troops in Helmand province. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [2]

Structure of the Royal Netherlands Air Force

Main Operating Bases (MOB's)

Air Defense Group

At the Air Defense Group de Peel in 2005 the Joint Air Defense Centre has been activated and the activation af the Joint Air Defense School will follow soon. In the future all anti aircraft units of the Dutch Air Force, Army and Navy will be integrated on and relocated to this base. JADC not only will take care of future air defense training, but also will coordinate and support all air defense related operations.

Tactical Air Operations Base

In 2009 710 and 711 Sqn will be united in one Air Operations Sqn. The status of the base will change to NATO status as an airmobile NATO Deployable Air control centre. Sensor fusion post DARS radar unit is planned to be operational on the base in the same year.

Tactical Helicopter Group

After integration of all Soesterberg units, all Navy helicopters will also be integrated into the Dutch Defense Helicopter Command (DHC). All Dutch Air Force and Navy helicopter operations and maintenance will be coordinated by the DHC. Main bases of the DHC will be Gilze-Rijen and De Kooy. In contrast to other countries with Army helicopter forces the Dutch government put all military helicopters in the Air Force organisation.

Air Transport Base

Common Support Base

Rank Structure

Ranks of the Netherlands Armed Forces(PDF) file.

Strength

AircraftOriginTypeIn service[1]Notes
Aérospatiale SA316B Alouette IIIFlag of France FranceLight VIP Helicopter4outdated and only used for Royal and VIP flights
Agusta-Bell 412Flag of Italy ItalyLight S&R and Utility Helicopter3SAR role, supporting the RNLAF training area over Vlieland and the Wadden Sea. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For an overview of the whole Huey family of aircraft see Bell Huey WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Vlieland ( Flylân is a Municipality in the northern Netherlands. The Wadden Sea ( Vadehavet, Waddenzee, Wattenmeer, Low German: Wattensee, West Frisian: Waadsee [2]
Boeing AH-64D Apache LongbowFlag of the United States United StatesAttack Helicopter25(30 bought, 1 crashed, 4 kept in reserve)
Eurocopter AS 532U2 Cougar Mk2Flag of France FranceMedium Utility Helicopter17
Boeing CH-47D ChinookFlag of the United States United StatesHeavy Lift Helicopter116 + 3 CH-47Fs on order[3]
Lockheed C-130H-30 HerculesFlag of the United States United StatesMedium Transport Aircraft22 former US Navy C-130s being converted to C-130H for RNLAF[4]
Fokker 50Flag of the Netherlands NetherlandsShort to Medium Range Transport Aircraft2VIP transport
Fokker 60Flag of the Netherlands NetherlandsMaritime Patrol Aircraft (former Utility aircraft)0[5]phased out and replaced by 2 Dash 8 (leased from a private company from Canada)
McDonnell Douglas KDC-10Flag of the United States United StatesWide body transport Aircraft2Aerial refuelling and passenger/cargo transport
McDonnell Douglas DC-10Flag of the United States United StatesWide body transport Aircraft1Former United Airlines passenger aircraft, updated in Italy and by Stork Aerospace (NL)
Gulfstream IVFlag of the United States United StatesLight Utility Aircraft1VIP transport
Lockheed Martin F-16AM/BM Fighting FalconFlag of the United States United StatesMultirole Fighter Aircraft90another 15 in storage/for sale. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Eurocopter AS 532 Cougar is a twin-engined medium-weight multipurpose Helicopter. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the "G400" redirects here For the graphics card see Matrox G400. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Pilatus PC-7 Turbo TrainerFlag of Switzerland SwitzerlandLight Training Aircraft13Painted Yellow before, now Dark with 2 yellow markings
Dornier 228Flag of Germany GermanyCoastal patrol duties2Wearing civil registrations but with military crew both air force and navy
F-16 J-229 painted in 2004 to celebrate 25 years service of the F-16 in Dutch service
F-16 J-229 painted in 2004 to celebrate 25 years service of the F-16 in Dutch service
F-16 MLU of RNLAF's Solo Display Team at Radom Air Show 2005
F-16 MLU of RNLAF's Solo Display Team at Radom Air Show 2005

The future

The Netherlands was the first country to sign up for the Production Sustainment & Follow On Development (PSFD) Phase of the F-35 Lightning II aircraft. [10]

The RNLAF is taking part in a NATO initiative, through the NATO Strategic Airlift Capability, to buy several C-17s to solve the lack of strategic airlift. The NATO Strategic Airlift Capability is an initiative of several NATO members and two partner countries Sweden and Finland, which signed Letters of Intention to WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [11]

See also

References

  1. ^ "World Military Aircraft Inventory", Aerospace Source Book 2007, Aviation Week & Space Technology, January 15, 2007. See also F-104 Starfighter The List of F-104 Starfighter operators lists the countries and their air force units that have operated the F-104 Starfighter Aviation Week & Space Technology, often abbreviated Aviation Week or AW&ST, is a weekly Magazine. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  2. ^ Koninklijke Luchtmacht (Main - Materieel - Helikopters)
  3. ^ Dutch military aviation OrBat
  4. ^ Dutch military aviation OrBat
  5. ^ Dutch military aviation OrBat

External links

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