Citizendia

Roy Lichtenstein

Roy Lichtenstein, 1985
BornOctober 27, 1923(1923-10-27)
Manhattan, New York City
DiedSeptember 29, 1997 (aged 73)
Manhattan, New York City
NationalityAmerican
FieldPainting, Sculpture
TrainingOhio State University
MovementPop Art

Roy Fox Lichtenstein (27 October 1923 – 29 September 1997) was a prominent American pop artist, his work heavily influenced by both popular advertising and the comic book style. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The City of New York Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e The Ohio State University ( OSU) is a Coeducational public Research university in the state of Ohio. Pop Art is a visual Art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Pop Art is a visual Art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative He himself described Pop art as, "not 'American' painting but actually industrial painting". Pop Art is a visual Art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. [1]

Contents

Early years

Roy Lichtenstein was born on 27 October 1923 into an upper-middle-class New York City[2] family, and attended public school until the age of 12. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of New York He then enrolled at Manhattan's Franklin School for Boys, remaining there for his secondary education. [2] Art was not included in the school's curriculum; Lichtenstein first became interested in art and design as a hobby. [3] He was an avid jazz fan, often attending concerts at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. [3] After graduation from Franklin, Lichtenstein enrolled in summer classes at the Art Students League of New York, where he worked under the tutelage of Reginald Marsh. The Art Students League of New York is an Art school located on West 57th Street in New York City. Reginald Marsh ( 14 March 1898 - 3 July 1954) was an American painter born in Paris, most notable for his detailed depictions [1]

Lichtenstein then left New York to study at the Ohio State University which offered studio courses and a degree in fine arts. The Ohio State University ( OSU) is a Coeducational public Research university in the state of Ohio. [2] His studies were interrupted by a three year stint in the army during World War II and after between 1943 and 1946. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [2] Lichtenstein returned home to visit his dying father and was discharged from the army under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (USA). The GI Bill (officially titled Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 PL346 58 Statutes at Large 284 provided for college or vocational education for returning [3] Returning to studies in Ohio under the supervision of one of his teachers, Hoyt L. Sherman, who is widely regarded to have had a significant impact on his future work (Lichtenstein would later name a new studio he funded at OSU as the Hoyt L. Sherman Studio Art Center). Hoyt L Sherman (1903-1981 was an American artist and professor Hoyt L Sherman (1903-1981 was an American artist and professor [4] Lichtenstein entered the graduate program at Ohio State and was hired as an art instructor, a post he held on and off for the next ten years. The Ohio State University ( OSU) is a Coeducational public Research university in the state of Ohio. In 1949 Lichtenstein received a M. F. A. degree from the Ohio State University and in the same year married Isabel Wilson (divorced 1965). The Ohio State University ( OSU) is a Coeducational public Research university in the state of Ohio. [5] Wilson was previously married to Cleveland, Ohio artist Michael Sarisky. In 1951 Lichtenstein had his first one-man exhibition at Carlebach Gallery in New York. [2]

He moved to Cleveland in the same year, where he remained for six years, although frequently traveling back to New York. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Undertaking jobs as varied as a draftsman to a window decorator in between periods of painting. [2] His work at this time fluctuated between Cubism and Expressionism. Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European [3] In 1954 his first son, David Hoyt Lichtenstein was born. He then had his second son, Mitchell Lichtenstein in 1956. Mitchell Wilson Lichtenstein a German-Jew (born 10 March, 1956) is an American Actor, Writer, Producer and director [1] In 1957 he moved back to upstate New York and began teaching again. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous [1] It was at this time that he adopted the Abstract Expressionism style, a late convert to this style of painting. Abstract expressionism was an American post– World War II Art movement. [6]

Rise to fame

Drowning Girl (1963). On display at the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Drowning Girl (1963). On display at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth

Lichtenstein began teaching in Upstate, New York at State University of New York at Oswego in 1958. The State University of New York at Oswego, also known as SUNY Oswego and Oswego State, was founded in 1861 as Oswego Normal School by Edward Austin However, the brutal upstate winters were taking a toll on him and his wife. [7]

In 1960, he started teaching at Rutgers University where he was heavily influenced by Allan Kaprow, also a teacher at the University. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey Allan Kaprow ( August 23, 1927 &ndash April 5, 2006) was an American painter assemblagist and a pioneer in establishing the concepts This environment helped to reignite his interest in Proto-pop imagery. [2] In 1961 Lichtenstein began his first Pop paintings using cartoon images and techniques derived from the appearance of commercial printing. This phase would continue to 1965 and included the use of advertising imagery suggesting consumerism and homemaking. [3] His first work to feature the large scale use of hard edged figures and Benday Dots was Look Mickey (1961, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. The Ben-day Dots Printing process named after Illustrator and printer Benjamin Day, is similar to Pointillism. This article is about the National Gallery of the United States for other National Galleries see National Gallery. C. ). [5] This piece came from a challenge from one of his sons, who pointed to a Mickey Mouse comic book and said; "I bet you can't paint as good as that, eh, Dad?"[8] In the same year he produced six other works with recognizable characters from gum wrappers or cartoons. [9] In 1961 Leo Castelli started displaying Lichtenstein's work at his gallery in New York, and he had his first one man show at the gallery in 1962; the entire collection was bought by influential collectors of the time before the show even opened. Leo Castelli (born Leo Krauss on September 4, 1907, at Trieste, of Italian and Austro-Hungarian Jewish origin &ndash died August 21 New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous [2] Interestingly Castelli rejected the work of one of Lichtenstein's contemporaries, Andy Warhol. For the song by David Bowie, see Andy Warhol (song. Andrew Warhola (August 6 1928 &ndash February 22 1987 known as Andy Warhol In September 1963 he took a leave of absence from his teaching position at Douglass College at Rutgers. Douglass Residential College is a part of Rutgers University. [10]

Fame

It was at this time that Lichtenstein began to find fame not just in America but worldwide. He moved back to New York to be at the center of the art scene and resigned from Rutgers University in 1964 to concentrate on his painting. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey [11] Lichtenstein used oil and Magna paint in his best known works, such as Drowning Girl (1963, Museum of Modern Art, New York). the world's first artist Acrylic paint developed by Leonard Bocour and Sam Golden in 1947 and reformulated in 1960, are pigments ground in The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth [12] Also featuring thick outlines, bold colors and Benday Dots to represent certain colors, as if created by photographic reproduction. The Ben-day Dots Printing process named after Illustrator and printer Benjamin Day, is similar to Pointillism. A photograph (often shortened to photo) is an Image created by Light falling on a light-sensitive surface usually Photographic film or an electronic Lichtenstein would say of his own work: Abstract Expressionists "put things down on the canvas and responded to what they had done, to the color positions and sizes. My style looks completely different, but the nature of putting down lines pretty much is the same; mine just don't come out looking calligraphic, like Pollock's or Kline's. "[13] Rather than attempt to reproduce his subjects, his work tackled the way mass media portrays them. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" Lichtenstein would never take himself too seriously however: "I think my work is different from comic strips- but I wouldn't call it transformation; I don't think that whatever is meant by it is important to art". [1] When his work was first released, many art critics of the time challenged its originality. More often than not they were making no attempt to be positive. Lichtenstein responded to such claims by offering responses such as the following: "The closer my work is to the original, the more threatening and critical the content". However, my work is entirely transformed in that my purpose and perception are entirely different. I think my paintings are critically transformed, but it would be difficult to prove it by any rational line of argument". [1]

His most famous image is arguably Whaam! (1963, Tate Modern, London), one of the earliest known examples of pop art, adapted a comic-book panel from a 1962 issue of DC Comics' All-American Men of War. The Tate Modern in London is Britain 's national museum of international Modern art and is with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool, London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Pop Art is a visual Art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company All-American Comics was the flagship title of Comic book Publisher All-American Publications. [14] The painting depicts a fighter aircraft firing a rocket into an enemy plane, with a red-and-yellow explosion. The cartoon style is heightened by the use of the onomatopoeic lettering "Whaam!" and the boxed caption "I pressed the fire control. Onomatopoeia (also spelled onomatopœia, from Greek: ονοματοποιΐα is a Word or a grouping of words that imitates the sound it is describing Roy Fox Lichtenstein (October 27 1923 &ndash September 29 1997 was a prominent American Pop artist his work heavily influenced by both popular advertising and . . and ahead of me rockets blazed through the sky. . . " This diptych is large in scale, measuring 1. A diptych (pronounced "dip-tick" dip'tik (or US: 'dɪp 7 x 4. 0 m (5 ft 7 in x 13 ft 4 in). [14]

Most of his best-known artworks are relatively close, but not exact, copies of comic-book panels, a subject he largely abandoned in 1965. (He would occasionally incorporate comics into his work in different ways in later decades. ) These panels were originally drawn by such comics artists as Jack Kirby and DC Comics artists Russ Heath, Tony Abruzzo, Irv Novick, and Jerry Grandenetti, who rarely received any credit. Jack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg, August 28, 1917 &ndash February 6, 1994) was an American Comic book DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company Russell Heath Jr (born September 29, 1926, New York City, New York) is an American artist best known for his Comic book Irv Novick ( 1916 - October 15, 2004) was an American Comic book artist who worked almost continuously from 1939 until the late 1990s Jerry Grandenetti ( April 15, 1925 or 1927 differ Bronxville, New York) is an American Comic book artist and Advertising Jack Cowart, executive director of the Lichtenstein Foundation contests the notion that Lichtenstein was a copyist, saying: "Roy's work was a wonderment of the graphic formulae and the codification of sentiment that had been worked out by others. The panels were changed in scale, color, treatment, and in their implications. There is no exact copy. "[15]

Whaam! (1963). On display at Tate Modern, London.
Whaam! (1963). On display at Tate Modern, London. The Tate Modern in London is Britain 's national museum of international Modern art and is with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool, London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

In 1967 his first museum retrospective exhibition was held at the Pasadena Art Museum in California. The Norton Simon Museum is a premier art museum located in Pasadena California. Also in this year his first solo exhibition in Europe was held at museums in Amsterdam, London, Bern and Hannover. [5] He married his second wife, Dorothy Herzka in 1968. [5]

In the 1970s and 1980s, his work began to loosen and expand on what he had done before. He produced a series of "Artists Studios" which incorporated elements of his previous work. A notable example being Artist's Studio, Look Mickey (1973, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis) which incorporates five other previous works, fitted into the scene. This page is about the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. [2]

In the late 1970s, this style was replaced with more surreal works such as Pow Wow (1979, Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst, Aachen). Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French,

In addition to paintings, he also made sculptures in metal and plastic including some notable public sculptures such as Lamp in St. Mary’s, Georgia in 1978, and over 300 prints, mostly in screenprinting. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink blocking stencil [16]

His painting Torpedo. . . Los! sold at Christie's for $5. Christie's is a leading art business and a fine arts Auction house 5 million in 1989, a record sum at the time, making him one of only three living artists to have attracted such huge sums. [5]

In 1996 the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC became the largest single repository of the artist's work when he donated 154 prints and 2 books. This article is about the National Gallery of the United States for other National Galleries see National Gallery. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D In total there are some 4,500 works thought to be in circulation. [2]

He died of pneumonia in 1997[8] at New York University Medical Center. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal

He was survived by his second wife Dorothy and by his sons, David and Mitchell, from his first marriage. Mitchell Wilson Lichtenstein a German-Jew (born 10 March, 1956) is an American Actor, Writer, Producer and director The DreamWorks Records logo was his last completed project. DreamWorks Records was an American Record label. Founded in 1996 by David Geffen, Steven Spielberg and Jeffrey Katzenberg as a subsidiary [2]


Awards

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Coplans, John (1972). John Coplans (1920-2003 was a British Artist. A veteran of World War II and a Photographer, he emigrated to the United States in 1960 Roy Lichtenstein, Interviews, p55, 30, 31.  
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Clare Bell. The Roy Lichtenstein Foundation - Chronology. Retrieved on 2007-11-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days
  3. ^ a b c d e Hendrickson, Janis (1993). Lichtenstein, p94.  
  4. ^ The Ohio State University. Sculpture. Facilities. Retrieved on 2007-11-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days
  5. ^ a b c d e Alloway, Lawrence (1983). Roy Lichtenstein, p113.  
  6. ^ Hendrickson, Janis (1993). Lichtenstein, p94, 95.  
  7. ^ Whaam! Suddenly Roy was the darling of the art world. Retrieved on 2007-11-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days
  8. ^ a b Lucie-Smith, Edward (September 1, 1999). John Edward McKenzie Lucie-Smith (born 27 February 1933) is a British writer poet art critic curator and author of exhibition catalogues Lives of the Great 20th-Century Artists. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0500237397.  
  9. ^ Lobel, Michael (2002). Image Duplicator, p33.  
  10. ^ Joan M Marter, Off limits: Rutgers University and the Avant-Garde 1957-1963, Rutgers University Press, 1999, p37. ISBN 0813526108
  11. ^ Hendrickson, Janis (1993). Lichtenstein, p96.  
  12. ^ Hendrickson, Janis (1993). Lichtenstein, p31.  
  13. ^ Kimmelman, Michael. "Roy Lichtenstein, Pop Master, Dies at 73", New York Times, 1997-09-30. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Retrieved on 2007-11-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days  
  14. ^ a b Lichtenstein, Roy. Whaam!. Tate Collection. Retrieved on 2008-01-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva.
  15. ^ Beam, Alex (October 18, 2006). Lichtenstein: creator or copycat? (Web). Editorial. Boston. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and
  16. ^ Corlett, Mary Lee. The prints of Roy Lichtenstein, a catalogue raisonné, 1948-1997 2nd ed. (New York: Hudson Hills Press, 2002).

External links

Selection of museums showing Lichtenstein's work

Roy Lichtenstein's Mural with Blue Brushstroke, in the atrium of the AXA Center, New York
Roy Lichtenstein's Mural with Blue Brushstroke, in the atrium of the AXA Center, New York

Further reading and viewing

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