Citizendia

Roald Dahl

Patricia Neal and Roald Dahl
Born13 September 1916(1916-09-13)
Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales
Died23 November 1990 (aged 74)
Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England
OccupationNovelist, short story writer
GenresChildren's, adult's literature
Notable work(s)Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, others
Spouse(s)Patricia Neal (1953–1983; divorced; 5 children)
Felicity Ann d'Abreu Crosland (1983–1990; his death)
Official website

Roald Dahl (IPA: /ˌroʊld ˈdɑːl/) (13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a Welsh novelist, short story writer and screenwriter, who rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults, and became one of the world's bestselling authors. Patricia Neal (born January 20 1926) is an American award-winning Actress of stage and screen Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Llandaff ( Welsh Llandaf llan church + Taf) is a district in the City of Cardiff, Wales, having Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Great Missenden is a large Village in the valley of the River Misbourne in the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire between Amersham Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction Children's literature is an age category of literature written for published for or marketed to Children roughly through age 12 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964 is a children's book by British Author Roald Dahl. James and the Giant Peach is a children's book by Welsh author Roald Dahl, originally illustrated by Nancy Ekholm Burkert, first published in Patricia Neal (born January 20 1926) is an American award-winning Actress of stage and screen Roald Dahl ( 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British Novelist Short story Writer Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made Children's literature is an age category of literature written for published for or marketed to Children roughly through age 12

His most popular books include The Twits, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, Matilda, The Witches and The BFG. The Twits is a funny children's book written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964 is a children's book by British Author Roald Dahl. James and the Giant Peach is a children's book by Welsh author Roald Dahl, originally illustrated by Nancy Ekholm Burkert, first published in Matilda is a Novel by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. The Witches is a book for children by Roald Dahl, first published in London in 1983 by Jonathan Cape. The BFG (which stands for "Big Friendly Giant" is a children's book written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake, first published

Contents

Biography

Roald Dahl was born in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales in 1916, to Norwegian parents, Harald Dahl and Sofie Magdalene Dahl née Hesselberg. Llandaff ( Welsh Llandaf llan church + Taf) is a district in the City of Cardiff, Wales, having Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Dahl's family had moved from Norway and settled in Cardiff in the 1880s. Roald was named after the polar explorer Roald Amundsen, a national hero in Norway at the time. For the main article on polar exploration see Polar exploration. Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (ˈɾuːɑl ˈɑmʉnsən ( July 16, 1872 – c Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional He spoke Norwegian at home with his parents and sisters. Dahl and his sisters were christened at the Norwegian Church, Cardiff, where their parents worshipped. The Norwegian Church in Cardiff, Wales, is a historic Church building, which was formerly a place of worship for the Norwegian community

In 1920, when Roald was four, his seven-year-old sister, Astri, died from appendicitis. Appendicitis (or epityphlitis) is a condition characterized by Inflammation of the appendix. About a month later, his father died of pneumonia at the age of 57, following grief from his daughter's death. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal Dahl's mother, however, decided not to return to Norway to live with her relatives, but to remain in Wales since it had been her husband's wish to have their children educated in British schools. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Dahl first attended The Cathedral School, Llandaff. The Cathedral School Llandaff is a Coeducational Welsh prep school. At the age of eight, he and four of his friends were caned by the headmaster after putting a dead mouse in a jar of sweets at the local sweet shop, which was owned by a "mean and loathsome" old woman called Mrs. Headmaster redirects here For the type of Transformers please see Headmaster (Transformers. Pratchett (wife of blacksmith David Pratchett). This was known amongst the five boys as the "Great Mouse Plot of 1923". Boy Tales of Childhood (1984 is the first autobiographical book by British Writer Roald Dahl. This was Roald's own idea.

Thereafter, he was sent to several boarding schools in England, including Saint Peter's in Weston-super-Mare. A boarding school is a School where some or all pupils not only study but also live during term time with their fellow students and possibly teachers England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Weston-super-Mare is a Seaside resort town and Civil parish in North Somerset, England. His parents had wanted Roald to be educated at a British public school and at the time, due to a then regular boat link across the Bristol Channel, this proved to be the nearest. His time at Saint Peter's was an unpleasant experience for him. He was very homesick and wrote to his mother almost every day, but never revealed to her his unhappiness. Only when she died did he find out that she had saved every single one of his letters, in small bundles held together with green tape. He later attended Repton School in Derbyshire, where, according to his novel Boy, a friend named Michael was viciously caned by Geoffrey Fisher, the man who later became the Archbishop of Canterbury. Repton School, founded in 1557, is a British independent public school located in the village of Repton, in Derbyshire, England History The area that is now Derbyshire was first visited probably briefly by humans 200000 years ago during the Aveley Interglacial as evidenced by a Middle Geoffrey Francis Fisher Baron Fisher of Lambeth GCVO, PC ( May 5, 1887 &ndash September 15, 1972) was Archbishop The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the This caused Dahl to "have doubts about religion and even about God".

Dahl was very tall, reaching 6'6" (1. 98m) in adult life,[1] and he was good at sports, being made captain of the school Fives and Squash team, and also playing for the football team. Fives is a British sport believed to derive from the same origins as many racquet sports. Squash is a racquet sport that was formerly called squash racquets, a reference to the "squashable" soft ball used in the game (compared with the Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered This helped his popularity. He developed an interest in photography. Photography (fә'tɒgrәfi or fә'tɑːgrәfi (from Greek φωτο and γραφία is the process and Art of recording pictures by means of capturing During his years there, Cadbury, a chocolate company, would occasionally send boxes of new chocolates to the school to be tested by the pupils. Cadbury plc () is a Confectionery and Beverage Dahl himself apparently used to dream of inventing a new chocolate bar that would win the praise of Mr. Cadbury himself, and this proved the inspiration for him to write his third book for children, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964 is a children's book by British Author Roald Dahl.

Throughout his childhood and adolescent years, Dahl spent his summer holidays in his parents' native Norway, mostly enjoying the Fjords. His childhood is the subject of his autobiographical work, Boy: Tales of Childhood. Boy Tales of Childhood (1984 is the first autobiographical book by British Writer Roald Dahl.

After finishing his schooling, he spent three weeks hiking through Newfoundland with a group called the Public Schools' Exploring Society (now known as BSES Expeditions). Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation BSES Expeditions is a Youth development charity based in the United Kingdom. In July 1934, he joined the Shell Petroleum Company. Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known simply as Shell, is a multinational oil company of Dutch and British origins

Following two years of training in the UK, he was transferred to Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika (now Tanzania). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. Tanganyika is the name of an East African territory lying between the largest of the African great lakes Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya Along with the only two other Shell employees in the entire territory, he lived in luxury in the Shell House outside Dar-es-Salaam, with a cook and personal servants. A cook is a person that prepares Food for consumption A cook is sometimes referred to as a Chef, although within the professional kitchen the terms are not exchangeable A domestic worker, domestic, servingman, servingwoman, or servant is one who works and often also lives within the employer's household While on the job, supplying oil to customers across Tanganyika, he encountered green mambas (a type of snake), and lions, amongst other wildlife. MAMBA stands for Mobile Artillery Monitoring Battlefield Asset, a Counter-battery radar operated by the Royal Artillery. The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera. Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants animals and other organisms

World War II

In August 1939, as World War II was imminent, plans were made to round up the hundreds of Germans in Dar-es-Salaam. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. Dahl was made an officer in the King's African Rifles, commanding a platoon of askaris. The King's African Rifles (KAR was a multi- Battalion British colonial Regiment raised from the various British possessions in East Africa Askari is an Arabic, Turkish, Somali, Persian, and Swahili word meaning "soldier" (عسكري ‘askarī

In November 1939, Dahl joined the Royal Air Force. After a 600-mile (970 km) car journey from Dar-es-Salaam to Nairobi, he was accepted for flight training with 20 other men, 17 of whom would later die in air combat. Nairobi (naɪˈroʊbɪ is the capital and largest city of Kenya. With seven hours and 40 minutes experience in a De Havilland Tiger Moth, he flew solo; Dahl enjoyed watching the wildlife of Kenya during his flights. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south He continued on to advanced flying training in Iraq, at RAF Habbaniya, 50 miles (80 km) west of Baghdad. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Royal Air Force Station Habbaniya, more commonly known as RAF Habbaniya, (originally RAF Dhibban) was a Royal Air Force station Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous Following six months training on Hawker Harts, Dahl was made a Pilot Officer. The Hawker Hart was a British two-seater Biplane light-bomber of the Royal Air Force (RAF which had a prominent role during the RAF's inter-war period Pilot Officer ( Plt Off officially in the RAF PLTOFF in the RAAF and RNZAF P/O in the former RCAF and frequently in the RAF is the lowest commissioned

He was assigned to No. 80 Squadron RAF, flying obsolete Gloster Gladiators, the last biplane fighter plane used by the RAF. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A biplane is a Fixed-wing aircraft with two main Wings The first powered heavier-than-air Aircraft, the Wright brothers' Wright Flyer A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed Dahl was surprised to find that he would not receive any specialised training in aerial combat, or in regard to flying Gladiators. Air power redirects here for electrical and mechanical energy supplied by air movement see Wind power On 19 September 1940, Dahl was ordered to fly his Gladiator from Abu Sueir in Egypt, on to Amiriya to refuel, and again to Fouka in Libya for a second refuelling. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab From there he would fly to 80 Squadron's forward airstrip 30 miles (48 km) south of Mersa Matruh. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land Marsa Matruh ( Arabic مرسى مطروح Maṭrūḥ (known in Ptolemaic and Byzantine times as Paraitonion (Παραιτόνιον and On the final leg, he could not find the airstrip and, running low on fuel and with night approaching, he was forced to attempt a landing in the desert. Fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy An aviation accident is defined in the International Civil Aviation Organization Annex 13 Unfortunately, the undercarriage hit a boulder and the plane crashed, fracturing his skull, smashing his nose in, and blinding him. Blindness is the condition of lacking Visual perception due to Physiological or Neurological factors He managed to drag himself away from the blazing wreckage and passed out. Later, he wrote about the crash for his first published work (see below).

Dahl was rescued and taken to a first-aid post in Mersa Matruh, where he regained consciousness, but not his sight, and was then taken by train to the Royal Navy hospital in Alexandria. First aid is the provision of initial care for an Illness or Injury. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια There he fell in and out of love with a nurse, Mary Welland. Dahl had fallen in love with her voice while he was blind, but once he regained his sight, he decided that he no longer loved her. An RAF inquiry into the crash revealed that the location he had been told to fly to was completely wrong, and he had mistakenly been sent instead to the no man's land between the Allied and Italian forces.

Doctors said he had no chance of flying again, but in February 1941, five months after he was admitted to the hospital, he was discharged and passed fully fit for flying duties.

By this time, 80 Squadron had been transferred to the Battle of Greece Greek campaign and based at Eleusina, near Athens. Elefsina (Ελευσίνα Ancient/ Katharevousa: Eleusis is a town and municipality about 20 km NW of Athens. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's The squadron was now equipped with Hawker Hurricanes. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Dahl flew a replacement Hurricane across the Mediterranean Sea in April 1941, after seven hours flying Hurricanes. By this stage in the Greek campaign, the RAF had only 18 combat planes in Greece: 14 Hurricanes and four Bristol Blenheim light bombers. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Dahl saw his first aerial combat on 15 April 1941, while flying alone over the city of Chalcis. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Chalcis or Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis or Chalkis ( Greek, Modern Χαλκίδα xal'ciða Ancient/ Katharevousa: -ίς He attacked six Junkers Ju-88s that were bombing ships. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Dahl managed to shoot one down. On 16 April in another air battle, he shot down another Ju-88. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom

On 20 April 1941 Dahl took part in the "Battle of Athens", alongside the highest-scoring British Commonwealth ace of World War II, Pat Pattle and Dahl's friend David Coke. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Squadron Leader Marmaduke Thomas St John "Pat" Pattle DFC & bar ( 3 July 1914 &ndash 20 April 1941 David Arthur Coke, DFC (1915–1941 was a British pilot The son of Thomas Coke 4th Earl of Leicester of Holkham, he was a Flight Lieutenant in the Twelve Hurricanes were sent in, and five Hurricanes were shot down and four of their pilots killed, including Pattle. Greek observers on the ground counted twenty-two German aircraft downed, but none of the pilots knew who they shot down due to the carnage of the aerial engagement. Roald Dahl described it as "an endless blur of enemy fighters whizzing towards me from every side. " The wing returned back to Elevsis. Elefsina (Ελευσίνα Ancient/ Katharevousa: Eleusis is a town and municipality about 20 km NW of Athens. Later on in the day, the aerodrome was ground-strafed by Bf 109s, but miraculously, none of them hit any of the Hawker Hurricanes. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout After that, the seven Hurricanes were evacuated to a small, secret airfield near Megara, a small village on 21 April 1941, where the pilots hid. Megara ( Greek:, "Big Houses" is an ancient city (pop A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Approximately 50 miles (80 km) north half of the Luftwaffe were searching for the remaining Hurricanes. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. By approximately 6 or 7 A. M. , about thirty Bf-109s and Stuka dive-bombers flew over the seven pilots who were hiding. The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka (from Stu rz' ka' mpfflugzeug, " Dive bomber " was a two-seat (pilot and rear gunner The Stukas dived bombed a tanker in the Bay of Athens, and sank it. Dahl and his comrades were only 500 yards (460 m) away from the incident. Surprisingly, none of the bombers nor the fighters were able to spot the Hurricanes parked in the nearby field. Somewhere in the afternoon, an Air Commodore arrived in a car to the airfield and asked if one of the seven could volunteer to fly and deliver a package to a man named Carter at Elevsis. Air Commodore ( Air Cdre in the RAF, AIRCDRE in the RNZAF and RAAF, A/C in the former RCAF) is a rank in Elefsina (Ελευσίνα Ancient/ Katharevousa: Eleusis is a town and municipality about 20 km NW of Athens. Roald Dahl was the only one that volunteered to do it. The contents of the package were of vital importance, and Dahl was told that if he was shot down, or captured, he should burn the package immediately, so it would not fall into enemy hands, and once he had handed over the package, he was to fly to Argos, an airfield, with the rest of the seven pilots in the squadron. Argos ( Greek: Ἄργος, Árgos ˈaɾɣos is a city in Greece in the Peloponnese near Nafplio, which was its historic harbor

For the rest of April, the situation was horrible for the RAF in Greece. If the Luftwaffe destroyed the remaining seven planes, they would then have complete control of the skies in Greece. They intended to wipe them out. If the squadron were to be found, it would mean the worst. According to Dahl's report, at about 4:30 P. M. an Bf 110 swooped over the airfield at Argos, and found them. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The pilots discussed that it would take the 110 roughly half an hour to return to base, and then another half hour for the whole enemy squadron to get ready for take-off, and then another half hour for them to reach Argos. They had roughly an hour and thirty minutes until they would be ground-strafed by enemy aircraft. However, instead of having the remaining seven pilots airborne and intercepting the 110s an hour ahead, the CO ordered them to escort ships evacuating their army in Greece at 6:00. The seven planes got up into the air, but the formation was quickly disorganized as the radios were not working. Dahl and Coke found themselves separated from the rest of the wing. They could not communicate with the rest of the wing, so they continued on flying, looking for the ships to escort. Eventually they ran out of fuel and returned back to Argos, where they found the entire airfield in smoke and flames, with tents flamed, ammunition destroyed, etc. ; however there were few casualties. What happened was that while Roald Dahl and David Coke took off, three other aircraft in the wing somehow managed to get away. The sixth pilot who was taking off was ground-strafed by the enemy and killed. The seventh pilot managed to bail out. Everybody else in the camp was hiding in the slit trenches. Immediately after Dahl and Coke figured out what was going on, the squadron was sent to Crete. A month later they were evacuated to Egypt.

As the Germans were pressing on Athens, Dahl was evacuated to Egypt. His squadron was reassembled in Haifa. Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with From there, Dahl flew missions every day for a period of four weeks, downing a Vichy French Air Force Potez 63 on 8 June and another Ju-88 on 15 June, but he then began to get severe headaches that caused him to black out, and he was invalided home to Britain. The Vichy French Air Force (Armée de l'Air de Vichy was the aerial branch of the armed forces of Vichy France. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history At this time his rank was Flight Lieutenant. Flight Lieutenant ( Flt Lt in the RAF; FLTLT in the RAAF and RNZAF, F/L in the former RCAF) is a junior

Dahl began writing in 1942, after he was transferred to Washington, D.C. as Assistant Air Attaché. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D An air attaché is an Air force officer who is part of a Diplomatic mission; this post is normally filled by a high-ranking officer His first published work, in the 1 August 1942 issue of the Saturday Evening Post was "Shot Down Over Libya", describing the crash of his Gloster Gladiator. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. C. S. Forester had asked Dahl to write down some RAF anecdotes so that he could shape them into a story. Cecil Scott Forester was the Pen name of Cecil Louis Troughton Smith ( August 27 1899 – April 2, 1966) an English After Forester sat down to read what Dahl had given him, he decided to publish it exactly as it was. The original title of the article was A Piece of Cake — the title was changed to sound more dramatic, despite the fact that the he was not "shot down".

During the war, Forester worked for the British Information Service and was writing propaganda for the Allied cause, mainly for American consumption. [2] This work introduced Dahl to espionage and the activities of the Canadian spymaster William Stephenson, known by the codename "Intrepid". Sir William Samuel Stephenson, CC, MC, DFC, ( January 23, 1897 &ndash January 31, 1989) was a During the war, Dahl supplied intelligence from Washington to Stephenson and his organization, which was known as British Security Coordination. The British Security Coordination was a cover organization set up in New York City by the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6 in May 1940 upon the Dahl was sent back to Britain, for supposed misconduct by British Embassy officials: "I got booted out by the big boys," he said. Stephenson sent him back to Washington — with a promotion. [3] After the war Dahl wrote some of the history of the secret organization and he and Stephenson remained friends for decades after the war. [4]

He ended the war as a Wing Commander. Wing Commander ( Wg Cdr in the RAF, WGCDR in the RNZAF and RAAF, W/C in the former RCAF) is a commissioned His record of five aerial victories, qualifying him as a flying ace, has been confirmed by post-war research and cross-referenced in Axis records, although it is most likely that he scored more than that during 20 April 1941 where 22 German aircraft were downed. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down several enemy Aircraft during aerial combat [5]

Postwar life

Family

Dahl married American actress (and future Oscar-winner) Patricia Neal on 2 July 1953 at Trinity Church in New York City. Patricia Neal (born January 20 1926) is an American award-winning Actress of stage and screen Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Trinity Church, at 79 Broadway in New York City, is a historic full service Parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. The City of New York Their marriage lasted for 30 years and they had five children: Olivia (died of measles encephalitis, aged seven), Tessa, Theo, Ophelia, and Lucy. Chantal Sophia "Tessa" Dahl (born on April 11, 1957, in the UK) is a British author Ophelia Magdalena Dahl (born May 12 1964) is a Social justice and Health care advocate He dedicated The BFG to Olivia Dahl

When he was four months old, Theo Dahl was severely injured when his baby carriage was hit by a taxi in New York City. For a time, he suffered from hydrocephalus, and as a result, his father became involved in the development of what became known as the "Wade-Dahl-Till" (or WDT) valve, a device to alleviate the condition. Hydrocephalus (pronunciation ˌhaɪˌdɹoʊˈsɛfələs is a term derived from the Greek words "hydro" meaning water and "cephalus" meaning head and this condition [6]

In 1965, Neal suffered three burst cerebral aneurysms while pregnant with their fifth child, Lucy. A cerebral aneurysm or brain aneurysm is a cerebrovascular disorder in which weakness in the wall of a cerebral Artery or Vein Dahl took control of her rehabilitation and she eventually relearned to talk and walk. They were divorced in 1983 following a very turbulent marriage, and he subsequently married Felicity ("Liccy") d'Abreu Crosland (born 12 December 1938), who was 22 years his junior. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Ophelia Dahl is director and co-founder (with doctor Paul Farmer) of Partners in Health, a non-profit organization dedicated to providing health care to some of the most impoverished communities in the world. Ophelia Magdalena Dahl (born May 12 1964) is a Social justice and Health care advocate Paul Farmer (born October 26, 1959) is an American anthropologist and physician the Presley Professor of Medical Anthropology in Partners In Health (PIH is a Boston Massachusetts -based non-profit Health care organization dedicated to providing a "preferential option for the poor" Lucy Dahl is a screenwriter in Los Angeles. Tessa's daughter Sophie Dahl (who was the inspiration for Sophie, the main character in her grandfather's book The BFG) is a model and author who remembers Roald Dahl as "a very difficult man – very strong, very dominant . Sophie Dahl (born 15 September 1977 in London) is an English Fashion model and The BFG (which stands for "Big Friendly Giant" is a children's book written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake, first published . . not unlike the father of the Mitford sisters sort of roaring round the house with these very loud opinions, banning certain types – foppish boys, you know – from coming round. The Mitford family is an aristocratic English family that traces its origins in Northumberland back to the time of the Norman Conquest. "

Way Out

In 1961, Dahl hosted and wrote for a science fiction and horror television anthology series called Way Out, which preceded the similar but less dark and edgy Twilight Zone series on the CBS network Saturday nights for 14 episodes from March to July. ANThology is the first Major label album by Alien Ant Farm released on March 6, 2001 in the USA and March 19 Way Out is a 1961 Science fiction television Anthology series hosted by horror writer Roald Dahl. The Twilight Zone is an American Television Anthology series created by Rod Serling. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. Dahl's comedic monologues bookended the episodes, frequently explaining exactly how to murder one's spouse without getting caught. The show was the last dramatic network series filmed in New York City, and the entire series remains available for viewing at the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles. The City of New York The Paley Center for Media, formerly The Museum of Television & Radio ( MT&R) and The Museum of Broadcasting, founded in 1975 by William S The City of New York Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West

Anti-Semitic remarks

In the summer of 1983, he wrote a book review for the Literary Review of God Cried by Newsweek writer Tony Clifton, a picture book about the invasion of Lebanon by Israel. Literary Review is a British literary periodical founded in 1979 by Dr Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Dahl's review stated that the Israeli ordered-invasion of Lebanon in June 1982 was when "we all started hating Israel," and that the book would make readers "violently anti-Israeli". The 1982 Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון Milhemet Levanon) (الإجتياح Al-Ijtīāḥ, "the invasion" called by Israel the Operation Peace According to biographer Jeremy Treglown, Dahl had originally written "when we all started hating Jews" - but editor Gillian Greenwood of the Literary Review changed Dahl's terms from "Jews" and "Jewish" to "Israel" and "Israeli". [7] On the basis of the published version, Dahl would later claim, "I am not anti-Semitic. I am anti-Israel."[7]

He told a reporter in 1983 that: "there’s a trait in the Jewish character that does provoke animosity . Anti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism, an international political movement and ideology that supports a Homeland for the Jewish People in the land known . . I mean there is always a reason why anti-anything crops up anywhere; even a stinker like Hitler didn’t just pick on them for no reason. "[7][8] Nonetheless, according to Treglown, Dahl maintained friendships with a handful of individual Jews. [7]

In later years, Dahl occasionally tried to bridge closer relations with the Jewish community. He included a sympathetic episode about German-Jewish refugees in his book Going Solo, and on another occasion he claimed that he was opposed to injustice, not Jews. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Going Solo is an autobiography by Roald Dahl published in 1986 [9] He maintained his strong political stance against Israel, and shortly before his death in 1990 he told the British newspaper The Independent, "I'm certainly anti-Israeli and I've become anti-Semitic in as much as that you get a Jewish person in another country like England strongly supporting Zionism," and he added that Jews "control the media. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the "[10]

Death and legacy

Roald Dahl died in November 1990 at the age of 74 of a rare blood disease, myelodysplastic anaemia (sometimes called "pre-leukemia"), at his home, Gipsy House in Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, and was buried in the cemetery at the parish church of Saints Peter and Paul. The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS formerly known as "preleukemia" are a diverse collection of hematological conditions united by ineffective production (or Great Missenden is a large Village in the valley of the River Misbourne in the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire between Amersham Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. According to his granddaughter, the family gave him a "sort of Viking funeral". A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas He was buried with his snooker cues, some very good burgundy, chocolates, HB pencils and a power saw. In his honour, the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery was opened at Buckinghamshire County Museum in nearby Aylesbury. The Roald Dahl Children's Gallery is in Church Street Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England. The Buckinghamshire County Museum is a Museum in the centre of Aylesbury, in Buckinghamshire, England. See also Aylesbury Urban Area Aylesbury is the County town of Buckinghamshire in south east England.

In 2002, one of Cardiff's modern landmarks, the historic Oval Basin plaza, was re-christened "Roald Dahl Plass". Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Roald Dahl Plass ( Welsh: Plas Roald Dahl) is a public Plaza in Cardiff Bay, part of Cardiff, Wales. "Plass" means plaza in Norwegian, a nod to the acclaimed late writer's Norwegian roots. Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language There have also been calls from the public for a permanent statue of him to be erected in the city.

Dahl's charitable commitments in the fields of neurology, haematology and literacy have been continued by his widow since his death, through the Roald Dahl Foundation. Hematology ( American English) or haematology ( British English) is the branch of biology (physiology Pathology, Clinical laboratory traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, In June 2005, the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre opened in Great Missenden to celebrate the work of Roald Dahl and advance his work in literacy. The Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre is in the village of Great Missenden in Buckinghamshire, England, which was the home of the children's writer and Great Missenden is a large Village in the valley of the River Misbourne in the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire between Amersham traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen,

Roald Dahl Day

The anniversary of Dahl's birthday on 13 September has recently become widely celebrated as Roald Dahl Day. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September [11][12]

Writing

Dahl's first published work, inspired by a meeting with C. S. Forester, was Shot Down Over Libya. Cecil Scott Forester was the Pen name of Cecil Louis Troughton Smith ( August 27 1899 – April 2, 1966) an English Today the story is published as "A Piece of Cake". The story, about his wartime adventures, was bought by the Saturday Evening Post for $900, and propelled him into a career as a writer. Its title was inspired by a highly inaccurate and sensationalized article about the crash that blinded him, which claimed he had been shot down instead of simply having to land due to low fuel.

His first children's book was The Gremlins, about mischievous little creatures that were part of RAF folklore. The Gremlins is a children's book, written by Roald Dahl and published in 1943 The book was commissioned by Walt Disney for a film that was never made, and published in 1943. Walter Elias Disney (December 5 1901 – December 15 1966 was a multiple Academy Award -winning American Film producer, director, Screenwriter Dahl went on to create some of the best-loved children's stories of the 20th century, such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda and James and the Giant Peach. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964 is a children's book by British Author Roald Dahl. Matilda is a Novel by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. James and the Giant Peach is a children's book by Welsh author Roald Dahl, originally illustrated by Nancy Ekholm Burkert, first published in

He also had a successful parallel career as the writer of macabre adult short stories, usually with a dark sense of humour and a surprise ending. Many were originally written for American magazines such as Ladies Home Journal, Harper's, Playboy and The New Yorker, then subsequently collected by Dahl into anthologies, gaining world-wide acclaim. Ladies' Home Journal is a Magazine which first appeared February 16, 1883 and eventually became one of the leading magazines of the 20th Century Harper's Magazine (also Harper's) is a monthly general-interest Magazine of literature politics culture finance and the arts Playboy is an American Men's magazine, founded in Chicago Illinois, by Hugh Hefner and his associates which has grown into Playboy The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry Dahl wrote more than 60 short stories and they have appeared in numerous collections, some only being published in book form after his death. See List of Roald Dahl short stories. List of Roald Dahl short stories. A comprehensive annotated list of short stories written by Roald Dahl. His stories also brought him three Edgar Awards: in 1954, for the collection Someone Like You; in 1959, for the story The Landlady; and in 1980, for the episode of Tales of the Unexpected based on "Skin". The Edgar Allan Poe Awards (popularly called the Edgars) named after Edgar Allan Poe, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America. The Landlady is a short story by Roald Dahl. Plot summary The story focuses on a 17-year old boy named Billy Weaver who has just stepped into Tales Of The Unexpected is a British Television series that originally aired between 1979 and 1988, made by Anglia Television

One of his more famous adult stories, "The Smoker" (also known as "Man From the South"), was filmed twice as both 1960 and 1985 episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and also adapted into Quentin Tarantino's segment of the 1995 film Four Rooms. Man from the South is a short story by Roald Dahl. In this story an old man named Carlos offers a boastful American boy his Cadillac if the boy can strike Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an Anthology Television series hosted by Alfred Hitchcock. Quentin Jerome Tarantino (born March 27, 1963) is an Academy Award - BAFTA Award - and Palme d'Or -winning Emmy - and Four Rooms is a 1995 Anthology film telling four stories set in a Los Angeles hotel on New Year's Eve This bizarre, oft-anthologized suspense classic concerns a man residing in Jamaica who wagers with visitors in an attempt to claim the fingers from their hands; the 1960 Hitchcock version stars Steve McQueen and Peter Lorre. Terrence Steven "Steve" McQueen (March 24 1930 – November 7 1980 was an American movie Actor, nicknamed "The King of Cool" Peter Lorre ( June 26 1904 &ndash March 23 1964) born László Löwenstein, was a Hungarian - Austrian

His short story collection Tales of the Unexpected was adapted to a successful TV series of the same name, beginning with "Man From the South. Tales Of The Unexpected is a British Television series that originally aired between 1979 and 1988, made by Anglia Television Man from the South is a short story by Roald Dahl. In this story an old man named Carlos offers a boastful American boy his Cadillac if the boy can strike " When the stock of Dahl's own original stories was exhausted, the series continued by adapting stories by authors that were written in Dahl's style, including the American writers John Collier and Stanley Ellin. John Collier ( May 3, 1901 - April 6, 1980) was a British-born author and screenplay writer best known for his short stories, many Stanley Bernard Ellin ( October 6, 1916 – July 31, 1986) was an American mystery writer

A number of his short stories are supposed to be extracts from the diary of his (fictional) Uncle Oswald, a rich gentleman whose sexual exploits form the subject of these stories.

For a brief, relatively unsuccessful period in the 1960s, Dahl wrote screenplays. Two of his screenplays – the James Bond film You Only Live Twice and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang – were adaptations of novels by Ian Fleming. James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story You Only Live Twice (1967 is the fifth Spy film of the British James Bond series and stars Sean Connery as the Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is a 1968 feature Film with a script by Roald Dahl and Ken Hughes, and songs by the Sherman Brothers Ian Lancaster Fleming ( May 28, 1908 – August 12, 1964) was a British author, Journalist and Second World War Dahl also wrote an initial draft adapting his own novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, which was heavily rewritten by David Seltzer, and produced as the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971). David Seltzer (born 1940 is an American screenwriter, producer, and director who is perhaps best known for having written The Omen Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 motion picture based on the 1964 Roald Dahl novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Dahl later disowned the film.

Memories with Food at Gipsy House, written with his wife Felicity and published posthumously in 1991, was a mixture of recipes, family reminiscences and Dahl's musings on favourite subjects such as chocolate, onions, and claret.

Dahl ranks amongst the world's bestselling fiction authors, with sales estimated at 100 million. This page provides a list of best-selling Fiction authors to date and in any language [13][14]

Children's fiction

Dahl's children's works are usually told from the point of view of a child. They typically involve adult villainesses who hate and mistreat children, and feature at least one "good" adult to counteract the villain(s). These stock characters are possibly a reference to the abuse that Dahl stated that he experienced in the boarding schools he attended. A boarding school is a School where some or all pupils not only study but also live during term time with their fellow students and possibly teachers They usually contain a lot of black humour and grotesque scenarios, including gruesome violence. Black comedy, also known as black humor or dark comedy, is a sub-genre of Comedy and Satire where topics and events that are usually regarded The Witches, George's Marvelous Medicine and Matilda are examples of this formula. The Witches is a book for children by Roald Dahl, first published in London in 1983 by Jonathan Cape. George's Marvellous Medicine (or "Marvelous" in the US print-runs is a children's book written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake Matilda is a Novel by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. The BFG follows it in a more analogous way with the good giant (the BFG or "Big Friendly Giant") representing the "good adult" archetype and the other giants being the "bad adults". The BFG (which stands for "Big Friendly Giant" is a children's book written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake, first published This formula is also somewhat evident in Dahl's film script for Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is a 1968 feature Film with a script by Roald Dahl and Ken Hughes, and songs by the Sherman Brothers Class-conscious themes – ranging from the thinly veiled to the blatant – also surface in works such as Fantastic Mr. Fox and Danny, the Champion of the World. Fantastic Mr Fox is a children's Novel written by Roald Dahl, first published in the US by Alfred A Danny the Champion of the World is a 1975 Children's book by Roald Dahl.

Dahl also features in his books characters that are very fat, usually children. Augustus Gloop, Bruce Bogtrotter, and Bruno Jenkins are a few of these characters, although an enormous woman named Aunt Sponge is featured in James and The Giant Peach. Augustus Gloop is a fictional character in the Roald Dahl novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and subsequent film adaptations All of these characters (with the possible exception of Bruce Bogtrotter) are either villains or simply unpleasant gluttons. They are usually punished for this: Augustus Gloop drinks from Willy Wonka's chocolate river, disregarding the adults who tell him not to, and falls in, getting sucked up a pipe and nearly being turned into fudge. Bruce Bogtrotter steals cake from the evil headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, and is forced to eat a gigantic chocolate cake in front of the school. Bruno Jenkins is turned into a mouse by witches and, it is speculated, possibly disowned or even killed by his parents because of this. Aunt Sponge is flattened by a giant peach.

Dahl's mother used to tell him and his sisters tales about trolls and other mythical Norwegian creatures and some of his children's books contain references or elements inspired by these stories, such as the giants in The BFG. Many of his children's books are illustrated by Quentin Blake. Quentin Saxby Blake CBE (born December 16 1932 in Sidcup) is a British Cartoonist, illustrator

List of works

Children's writing

Children's stories

Children's poetry

Adult fiction

Novels

Short story collections

See the alphabetical List of Roald Dahl short stories. Skin and Other Stories is a collection of short stories written by Roald Dahl. Roald Dahl Collected Stories is the only hardcover edition of short-stories by Roald Dahl for adults The Roald Dahl Treasury is an anthology book of works of children's author Roald Dahl. List of Roald Dahl short stories. A comprehensive annotated list of short stories written by Roald Dahl. See also Roald Dahl: Collected Stories for a complete, chronological listing. Roald Dahl Collected Stories is the only hardcover edition of short-stories by Roald Dahl for adults

Non-fiction

Plays

Film scripts

Television

Sources

References

  1. ^ Roald Dahl - Penguin UK Authors - Penguin UK
  2. ^ Cambridge Guide to Literature (Cambridge University Press, 1989) ISBN 0-521-26751-X. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885
  3. ^ Bill Macdonald - The True Intrepid p249 (Raincoast 2001)ISBN 1-55192-418-8 Dahl also speaks about his espionage work in the documentary The True Intrepid
  4. ^ Macdonald - The True Intrepid p243 ISBN 1-55192-418-8.
  5. ^ Christopher Shores and Clive Williams – Aces High: A Tribute to the Most Notable Fighter Pilots of the British and Commonwealth Air Forces in WWII (Grub Street Publishing, 1994) ISBN 1-898697-00-0.
  6. ^ Water on the Brain. MedGadget: Internet Journal of Emerging Medical Technologies (2005-07-15). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Retrieved on 2006-05-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
  7. ^ a b c d Roald Dahl An Autobiography, Jeremy Treglown (Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1994), pp. 255-256.
  8. ^ Philip Howard, ‘Dahl, Roald (1916–1990)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 16 Sept 2007
  9. ^ Treglown, p. 258
  10. ^ Brian Appleyard. "Interview: Roald and the promiscuous girl. " The Independent (London), March. 21, 1990, p. 15.
  11. ^ Roald Dahl Day celebrations, Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre (accessed 20 Sept 2007)
  12. ^ Roald Dahl's 90th Birthday!, Random House UK (accessed 20 Sept 2007)
  13. ^ The International Herald Tribune on Roald Dahl: "Dahl's books, many of them darkly comic and featuring villainous adult enemies of the child characters, have sold over 100 million copies. " (13 September 2006)
  14. ^ BBC on Roald Dahl: "Exhibitions and children's reading campaigns are being held to commemorate the life of Dahl, who died in 1990 and has sold more than 100 million books. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. " (13 September 2006)
  15. ^ Source: written for a leaflet published in 1986 by Sandwell Health Authority (now Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust). Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust is one of the largest National Health Service teaching Trusts in the UK and comprises Sandwell General Hospital in Reproduced at http://www.blacktriangle.org/blog/?p=715.

External links


Persondata
NAMEDahl, Roald
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTIONBritish novelist, short story writer
DATE OF BIRTH13 September 1916
PLACE OF BIRTHLlandaff, Cardiff, Wales
DATE OF DEATH23 November 1990
PLACE OF DEATHGreat Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England
Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Llandaff ( Welsh Llandaf llan church + Taf) is a district in the City of Cardiff, Wales, having Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Great Missenden is a large Village in the valley of the River Misbourne in the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire between Amersham Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
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