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This article is about the city in Croatia. For other uses, see Rijeka (disambiguation).
City of Rijeka
Grad Rijeka
View of Rijeka
View of Rijeka
Coat of arms of City of Rijeka
Coat of arms
City of Rijeka (Croatia)
City of Rijeka
City of Rijeka
Location of Rijeka within Croatia
Coordinates: 45°19′N 14°25′E / 45.317, 14.417
CountryCroatia
CountyPrimorje-Gorski Kotar County
Government
 - MayorVojko Obersnel
Area
 - Town44 km² (17 sq mi)
Elevation0 m (0 ft)
Population (2001)
 - Town144,043
 - Metro270,000
Time zoneCET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST)CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code51 000
Area code(s)051
Website: rijeka.hr

Rijeka (other Croatian dialects: Rika and Reka, Slovene: Reka, Italian and Hungarian: Fiume, German: Sankt Veit am Pflaumb) is the principal seaport of Croatia, located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Primorje-Gorski kotar county - Primorsko-goranska županija is a County in western Croatia that includes the Bay of Kvarner and the surrounding Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The Kvarner Gulf ( Croatian: Kvarnerski zaljev, Italian: Golfo del Quarnero/Quarnaro/Carnaro; sometimes also Kvarner Bay) is a It has 144,043 inhabitants (270,000 for greater area in 2001) and is Croatia's third largest city. The majority of its citizens, 80. 39% (2001 census), are Croats. The city's name means river in English. [1]

Rijeka is the center of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia. Primorje-Gorski kotar county - Primorsko-goranska županija is a County in western Croatia that includes the Bay of Kvarner and the surrounding Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The city's economy largely depends on sea transport, shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac") and tourism. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military 3 Maj (official name Treći Maj Brodogradilište dd; "Third May Shipyard" is the largest Shipyard in Croatia, located in the city of

Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre "Ivan pl. Zajc", first built in 1765, as well as the University of Rijeka, founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632. Croatian National Theatre is the name of several theatres from both the past and the present Ivan pl Zajc (ǐʋan zâjʦ ( August 3, 1832 &ndash December 16, 1914) was a prolific Croatian composer conductor director and The University of Rijeka ( Croatian Sveučilište u Rijeci) is situated in the city of Rijeka with faculties also located in cities throughout the regions The local football clubs are NK Rijeka and NK Orijent. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered HNK Rijeka is a Croatian football club from Rijeka on the Croatian coast NK Orijent is a football which was founded in 1919 It is a club from Sušak, the north-east part of the city of Rijeka in Croatia with long

Contents

History

Ancient and medieval times

Though traces of Neolithic settlements can be found in the region, the earliest modern settlements on the site were Celtic Tarsatica (modern Trsat, now part of Rijeka) on the hill, and the tribe of mariners, the Liburni, in the natural harbour below. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Liburnians (or Liburni, Greek: Λιβυρνοί were an ancient people inhabiting the district called Liburnia, a coastal region of the northeastern The city long retained its double character.

In the time of Augustus, the Romans rebuilt Tarsatica as a municipium (MacMullen 2000) on the right bank of the small river Rječina (whose name simply means "river") as Flumen. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was A municipium (pl municipia) belonged to the second highest class of Roman cities being Rječina (Fiumara is a river in Croatia which flows in the Adriatic Sea in the city of Rijeka ( Fiume) Pliny mentioned Tarsatica (Natural History iii. 140).

From the 5th century onwards, the town was ruled successively by the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines, the Lombards, the Franks, the Croats and the Hungarians before coming under the control of the Austrian Habsburgs in 1466. The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor [2].

After the 4th century the city was rededicated to St. Vitus, the city's patron saint, as Terra Fluminis sancti Sancti Viti or in German Sankt Veit am Pflaumb. "Saint Guy" redirects here For the Belgian saint see Guy of Anderlecht. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members In medieval times Rijeka got its Croatian name, Rika svetoga Vida (= the river of St. Vitus).

Medieval Rijeka was a city surrounded by a wall and was thus a feudal stronghold. The fort was in the center of the city, at its highest point. It was protected by massive walls against external enemies but also against enemies within - the citizens of the Rijeka.

Under Habsburg suzerainty

Rijeka around the year 1900
Rijeka around the year 1900
The Baroque city clock tower above the arched gateway linking the Korzo to the inner city, designed by Filbert Bazarig in 1876
The Baroque city clock tower above the arched gateway linking the Korzo to the inner city, designed by Filbert Bazarig in 1876

Created a free port in 1723, Rijeka during the 18th and 19th centuries was passed among the Habsburgs' Austrian, Croatian, and Hungarian possessions until being attached to Hungary for the third and last time in 1870. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc A free port ( porto franco) or free zone (US Foreign-Trade Zone is a port or area with relaxed jurisdiction with respect to the country of location Year 1723 ( MDCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Although Croatia had constitutional autonomy within Hungary, the City of Rijeka was independent, governed directly from Budapest by an appointed governor, as Hungary's only international port. There was competition between Austria's Port of Trieste and Hungary's Port of Rijeka. Trieste (Trieste Slovene and Croatian: Trst; German: Triest) is a city and port in northeastern Italy very near to

Major port development, the general expansion of international trade and the city's connection (1873) to the Hungarian and Austrian railway networks contributed to rapid population growth from only 21,000 in 1880 to 50,000 in 1910. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting A lot of major civic buildings went up at that time, including the Governor's Palace designed by the Hungarian architect Alajos Hauszmann. Hauszmann Alajos ( Buda, June 9, 1847 – Velence, July 31, 1926) architect professor member of the Hungarian Academy The future mayor of New York City, Fiorello La Guardia, lived in the city at the turn of the 20th century, and reportedly even played football for the local sports club. The City of New York LaGuardia redirects here For the airport see LaGuardia Airport. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered In 1912 the future Hungarian head of state János Kádár was born in then Rijeka. János Kádár, né Giovanni Czermanik (his Italian first name was due to the laws of Fiume, his father the soldier János Kressinger denied paternity and refused

The Italo-Yugoslav dispute and the Free State

Habsburg-ruled Austria-Hungary's disintegration in the closing weeks of World War I in the fall of 1918 led to the establishment of rival Croatian and Italian administrations in the city; both Italy and the founders of the new Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) claimed sovereignty based on their "irredentist" ("unredeemed") ethnic populations. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija Irredentism is any position advocating Annexation of territories administered by another State on the grounds of common Ethnicity or prior historical possession

After a brief Italian occupation, an international force of French, British and American troops occupied the city (November 1918) while its future was discussed at the Paris Peace Conference during the course of 1919. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Free State of Fiume between 1918 and 1923
Free State of Fiume between 1918 and 1923

Italy based its claim on the fact that Italians were the largest single nationality within the city. Croats made up most of the remainder and were also a majority in the surrounding area, including the neighbouring town of Sušak. Sušak is a part of the city of Rijeka in Croatia, where it composes the eastern part of the city However, Italy's territorial claim to Rijeka/Fiume was rejected by the other major victors of World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

On September 10, 1919, the Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed declaring the Austro-Hungarian monarchy dissolved. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new Negotiations over the future of the city were interrupted two days later when a force of Italian nationalist irregulars led by the writer Gabriele d'Annunzio seized control of the city; d'Annunzio eventually established a state, the Italian Regency of Carnaro. Gabriele d'Annunzio ( 12 March 1863 &ndash 1 March 1938) was an Italian Poet, Journalist, Novelist The Italian Regency of Carnaro ( Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro in Italian) was proclaimed as a state by Gabriele D'Annunzio in Fiume now the city of

The resumption of Italy's premiership by the liberal Giovanni Giolitti in June 1920 signaled a hardening of official attitudes to d'Annunzio's coup. Giovanni Giolitti ( October 27, 1842 &ndash July 17, 1928) was an Italian statesman Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar On November 12, Italy and Yugoslavia concluded the Treaty of Rapallo, under which Rijeka/Fiume (Fiume) was to be an independent state, the Free State of Rijeka/Fiume, under a regime acceptable to both. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days See also Treaty of Rapallo 1922 The Treaty of Rapallo was a treaty between the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes The Free State of Fiume, also known as the Free State of Rijeka (Croatian Slobodna Država Rijeka) was an independent free state which existed between

D'Annunzio's response was characteristically flamboyant and of doubtful judgment: his declaration of war against Italy invited the bombardment by Italian royal forces which led to his surrender of the city at the end of the year. Italian troops took over in January 1921. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The election of an autonomist-led constituent assembly for the territory did not put an end to strife: a brief Italian nationalist seizure of power was ended by the intervention of an Italian royal commissioner, and a short-lived local Fascist takeover in March 1922 ended in a third Italian military occupation. A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting and in some cases adopting a Constitution. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Seven months later Italy herself fell under Fascist rule.

A period of diplomatic acrimony closed with the Treaty of Rome (January 27, 1924), which assigned Rijeka to Italy and Sušak to Yugoslavia, with joint port administration. The Treaty of Rome of January 27, 1924 was an agreement by which Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes revoked the parts of the Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Formal Italian annexation (March 16, 1924) inaugurated twenty years of Fascist rule and a policy of forced Italianization of the Croatian population, followed by twenty months of German military occupation. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Italianization is a term used to describe a process of Cultural assimilation in which ethnically non- or partially- Italian people or territory become Italian Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. During WWII the city was heavily damaged by a number of Allied air attacks. The harbour area was destroyed by the retreating Germans.

After World War II

The aftermath of World War II saw the city's fate again resolved by a combination of force and diplomacy. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including This time, Yugoslav troops advanced (early May 1945) as far west as Trieste in their campaign against the German occupiers of both countries; once occupied, the city of Rijeka became Croatian (i. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Trieste (Trieste Slovene and Croatian: Trst; German: Triest) is a city and port in northeastern Italy very near to e. , Yugoslav), a situation formalized by the Paris peace treaty between Italy and the wartime Allies on February 10, 1947. The Paris Peace Conference ( July 29 to October 15, 1946) resulted in the Paris Peace Treaties signed on February 10, 1947 Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Once the change in sovereignty was formalized, 58,000 of the 66,000 Italian speakers left the city in advance of the Yugoslav army, and went into "exile" (esuli). Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA YPA ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian: Jugoslavenska Narodna Armija or Jugoslovenska The discrimination and persecution many of them experienced at the hands of the Yugoslav populace and officials in the dying days of World War II and the first weeks of peace were a painful memory for them. Summary and brutal executions of fascists, Italian public servants and military officials convinced many Italians to abandon Rijeka.

City Mayors of Rijeka (Fiume) before 1948

City Mayors of Rijeka after 1948


Jadrolinija Palaca
Jadrolinija Palaca

Main sights

HNK Ivana pl. Zajca
HNK Ivana pl. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian Zajca

Tvornica "Torpedo" (the Torpedo factory) The first European prototypes of a self-propelled torpedo were created by Giovanni Luppis, a retired naval engineer from Rijeka. Giovanni Biagio Luppis von Rammer ( Croatian Ivan Lupis) ( August 27, 1813 &ndash January 11, 1875) was an officer of the The remains of this factory still exist, including a well-preserved launch ramp used for testing self-propelled torpedoes on which in 1866 the first torpedo was tested.

Svetište Majke Božje Trsatske (Sanctuary of Madonna Trsatian) (Zvijezda mora, Kraljica Jadrana, zaštitnica putnika - Star of the sea, Queen of Adriatic, protector of the travelers. ) Built 135 meters above the sea on the Trsat hill 7 centuries ago, it represents the Guardian of Travelers, especially seamen, who bring offerings to her so she will guard them or help them in time of trouble or illness. Among other points of interest are the Gothic sculpture of (Gospa Slunjska) the Madonna of Slunj and works by the Baroque painter C. Tasce.

Stara vrata, Rimski luk (Old gate, Roman arch) At first it was thought that this was a Roman Triumphal Arch built by the Roman Emperor Claudius Gothicus but later it was discovered to be just a portal to Pretorij, the army command in late antiquity.

Transport

Ferry in Rijeka harbour.
Ferry in Rijeka harbour.

Rijeka is the largest port in Croatia. According to the Rijeka Port Authority, its total throughput cargo in 2006 was close to 11 million tons. In Communication networks, such as Ethernet or Packet radio, throughput is the average rate of successful message delivery over a communication channel

Rijeka has efficient transport connections to other parts of Croatia and neighbouring countries. The A6 Zagreb-Rijeka motorway was completed in 2004; a shorter stretch connecting Rijeka with the Slovenian border, part of the A7 motorway, was completed that same year. Rijeka gains access to the A8/A9 Istrian Y expressway network by means of the Učka Tunnel. The Istrian Y (Istarski ipsilon is a Highway complex in the Croatian highway network consisting of B8 expressway (Matulji-Kanfanar and B9 expressway An intricate series of high-capacity bypass and connection roads has recently been under construction. The eastern half of this project was due to open on 15 July 2006, and the more complex western half is to open 2 years later.

Rijeka is difficult to get to by air; it has its own international airport, but this is located on the nearby island of Krk. Rijeka Airport ( Croatian: Zračna luka Rijeka) is the airport serving Rijeka, Croatia. Krk ( Italian Veglia, German: Vegl; Latin Curicta) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea Handling only 130,000 passengers in 2005, and projected to handle only 250,000 by 2008, the facility is more of a charter airport than a serious transport hub, although various scheduled airlines have begun to serve it.

Rijeka is well integrated into the Croatian railway network and critical international rail lines. Croatian Railways ( Hrvatske željeznice, ( HŽ) is the national railway company of Croatia, formed after the dissolution of Yugoslavia and A fully-electrified line connects Rijeka with Zagreb and beyond towards Koprivnica and the Hungarian border as part of the international 5b corridor. Koprivnica is a city in northern Croatia. It is the capital of the Koprivnica-Križevci county Rijeka is also connected to Trieste and Ljubljana by a separate electrified stretch that extends northwards from the city. A transport bill, to have been passed by the Croatian Parliament in July 2006, was to see the start of construction along the aforementioned 5b corridor of Croatia's first high-speed rail line, making possible speeds nearing 250 km/h. Construction on the new line was to start in 2007 and is slated to be completed by 2013. Higher speeds on this line will mean a trip from Rijeka to Zagreb will take about an hour, as opposed to the current two hours. Rijeka is well connected by direct train to Munich in Germany or Salzburg in Austria, and there are direct night trains running to Rijeka from these two cities.

Rijeka has good ferry connections with the surrounding islands and cities within Croatia, but no direct foreign connections. There are daily coastal routes to Zadar, Split, and onwards to Dubrovnik which has international connections. Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea, with a population of 72717 (2001 Split (Spalatum Ancient Greek: Aspálathos, Ασπάλαθος Spalato is the largest and most important Dalmatian city the second-largest ||-||-||-||-||-||-||} Dubrovnik (ˈdǔbro̞ːʋniːk Dalmatian: Ragusa; Latin: Ragusium, also Rhausium, Rhaugia; Pula offers more direct southward connections from northwestern Croatia. Pula (Pietas Iulia Pulj Istriot Pula; Pola is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria

Twin cities

See also: Town twinning

See also

External links

References

Template:Croatian Cities

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