In politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are terms often defined as politics that seeks to uphold or return to traditional authorities and/or the liberties of a civil society and the preservention of the domestic culture, usually in the face of external forces for change. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Left-right politics or the Left-right political spectrum is a common way of classifying political positions political ideologies, or political parties Syncretic politics involves taking political positions that attempt to reconcile seemingly opposed ideological systems usually by combining some elements associated with the A party platform, also known as a Manifesto, is a list of the principles which a Political party supports in order to appeal to the general public for the purpose A party system is a concept in comparative Political science concerning the system of government by political parties. A dominant-party system, or one party dominant system, is a Party system where only one Political party can realistically become the Government A multi-party system is a system in which three or more political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition Non-partisan democracy (also no-party democracy) is a system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic Elections A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of Party system Government in which a single Political party A two-party system is a form of Party system where two major Political parties dominate voting in nearly all Elections at every A political spectrum (plural Spectra) is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes See also List of political parties by United Nations geoscheme This is an overview of political parties by country, in the form of a table with a link See also List of political parties by country This is a lists of political parties by United Nations geoscheme around the world in the form This is a list of political parties around the world by ideology. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Civil society is composed of the totality of voluntary civic and social organizations and institutions that form the basis of a functioning Society as opposed to the force-backed Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic In general, the right also advocates the preservation of personal wealth and private ownership and emphasises more self reliance. The term "the Right" is often associated with any of several strains of Traditionalism, Social conservatism, Classical liberalism, Laissez-faire capitalism, Corporatism, Right-libertarianism, Minarchism, Reactionism, Monarchism, Aristocracy and, to some extent, totalitarian ideologies like Fascism and Nazism. Traditionalist conservatism, also known as "Burkean conservatism" "traditionalism" "cultural conservatism" "New Conservatism" (not to be confused Social conservatism is a political or moral ideology that affirms the government's role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values or behaviors in the belief that these are what Classical liberalism (also known as traditional liberalism, Laissez-faire liberalism, Market liberalism or in much of the world Laissez-faire ( pronunciation: French,; English,) is a French phrase literally meaning Let do (“allow to do” Historically corporatism (corporativismo refers to a political or Economic system in which power is held by civic assemblies that represent Economic Right-libertarianism or right libertarianism is a phrase used to either describe non- Collectivist forms of Libertarianism or a variety of different libertarian In Civics, minarchism, sometimes called minimal Statism, small government, or limited-government Libertarianism Reactionary (also reactionist) is a derogatory term usually used by the Left wing in regards to movements which oppose radical change in society and seeks a return Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment preservation or restoration of a Monarchy as a Form of government in a nation Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German ^[1]

History

The term originates from the French Revolution, when liberal deputies from the Third Estate generally sat to the left of the president's chair, a habit which began in the Estates General of 1789. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an The Estates of the realm were the broad divisions of society usually distinguishing Nobility, Clergy, and Commoners recognized in the Middle Ages In France under the Ancien Regime, the States-General or Estates-General (French états généraux) was a Legislative assembly Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The nobility, members of the Second Estate, generally sat to the right. The Estates of the realm were the broad divisions of society usually distinguishing Nobility, Clergy, and Commoners recognized in the Middle Ages In the successive legislative assemblies, monarchists who supported the Ancien Régime were commonly referred to as rightists because they sat on the right side. During the French Revolution, the Legislative Assembly was the legislature of France from October 1 1791 to September 1792. Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment preservation or restoration of a Monarchy as a Form of government in a nation Ancien Régime ( pronounced: /ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/ refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in It is still the tradition in the French National Assembly for the representatives to be seated left-to-right (relative to the Assembly president) according to their political alignment. The French National Assembly. The other is the Senate ( “Sénat”)

As this original reference became obsolete, the meaning of the term has changed as appropriate to the spectrum of ideas and stances being compared, and the point of view of the speaker. See political spectrum and left-right politics for further discussion of this kind of classification. A political spectrum (plural Spectra) is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes Left-right politics or the Left-right political spectrum is a common way of classifying political positions political ideologies, or political parties

As new social issues arose, right wing views continued to be concerned with keeping "traditional" values (often religious values) and the preservation of individual and corporate rights through constraints on government power. However, the values and policy concerns of the right vary in different countries and eras. Also, individual right wing politicians and thinkers often have individual priorities. There are no universally accepted objective criteria to determine which of two sets of beliefs or policies is more right-wing. (See political spectrum)

Contemporary usage

Strands of right wing thought come in many forms, and individuals who support some of the objectives of one of the above stands will not necessarily support all of the others. A political spectrum (plural Spectra) is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes At the practical political policy level there are endless variations in the means that right wing thinkers advocate to achieve their basic aims.

In recent times, the term almost always includes some forms of conservatism. Some consider the political Right to include those forms of liberalism that emphasize the free market more than egalitarianism in wealth, but some free-market advocates, including some libertarians, conceive of a two-dimensional political spectrum that they say more accurately portrays their political position. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the ^[2] (See Nolan chart, Pournelle Chart, Political Compass). The Nolan Chart is a political diagram popularized by the American libertarian David Nolan. The Pournelle chart, developed by Jerry Pournelle (in his 1963 political science Ph A political compass or political diamond is a multi-axis model used to label or organize political thought on several dimensions Many anarchists (including libertarian socialists) also avoid placing themselves on the classic political spectrum. Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent

Outside the United States and Canada (where capitalism is supported by most major politicians and most people from both the left and right), the most notable distinction between left and right is in economic policy. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Economic policy refers to the actions that Governments take in the economic field. The right advances capitalism, whereas the left advocates socialism (including democratic socialism) or communism. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements tendencies and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Some on the right advocate laissez faire capitalism, tending toward minarchism, with little government intervention in the economy other than to control the money supply and little taxation except to support military and police functions. Laissez-faire ( pronunciation: French,; English,) is a French phrase literally meaning Let do (“allow to do” In Civics, minarchism, sometimes called minimal Statism, small government, or limited-government Libertarianism In Economics, money supply, or money stock, is the total amount of money available in an Economy at a particular point in time At the other extreme within what is usually considered right of centre, the centre-right Gaullists in post-World War II France advocated considerable social spending on education and infrastructure development, as well as extensive economic regulation and even a limited amount of the wealth redistribution measures more characteristic of social democracy. Gaullism (Gaullisme is a French political ideology based on the thought and action of Charles de Gaulle. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left

A more obscure strand of contemporary right wing thought, often associated with the original right wing from the times of monarchy, supports the preservation of wealth and power in the hands that have traditionally held them, social stability, and national solidarity and ambition. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or

Left-Right politics

Main article: Left-Right politics

As noted above, the political use of the terms "left" and "right" has evolved across linguistic, societal, and national boundaries, sometimes taking on meanings in one time and place that contrast sharply with those in another. Left-right politics or the Left-right political spectrum is a common way of classifying political positions political ideologies, or political parties

Two prominent political ideologies, very different from one another, are widely considered "right-wing", but in each case, for different reasons, the classification is controversial.

Libertarianism has focused on the preservation of individual and corporate rights through constraints on government power, while not necessarily favoring "traditional" values. Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the Some on the right, especially outside of the United States and Canada, reject the rights-based assumptions of this philosophy. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Conversely some, but by no means all, libertarians do not consider themselves to be right wing and reject the traditional one-dimensional political spectrum, preferring to think in terms of liberty vs. authority rather than socialism vs. capitalism.

According to most scholars of fascism, there are both left and right influences on fascism as a social movement, but fascism, especially once in power, has historically attacked communism, conservatism and parliamentary liberalism, and attracted support primarily from the "far right" or "extreme right. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology "^[3] (See: Fascism and ideology). There are numerous debates concerning fascism and ideology. The position of fascism on the political spectrum is a point of contention The left influences in fascism are claimed to originate in the fact that several prominent theorists of fascism began their political careers as socialists, syndicalists, anarchists, or a combination thereof. Still even scholars reluctant to call fascism a purely right wing ideology contend that fascist movements ultimately build alliances with the political right. However, certain scholars and many conservative authors argue that Fascism is a left-wing movement. ^[4][5][6][7] Their argument is based on a view of the political spectrum that equates "left" with support for increased government power and "right" with opposition to the same. However this idea is contradicted by the fact that leftists like Anarchists believe in no state. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i In addition, Karl Marx and Lenin, envisoned that a pure communist society would be stateless. Stateless Communism is the ideal post-socialist stage of society which Karl Marx predicted would inevitably follow the historical stages of Capitalism

The Right and Foreign policy

Further information: Neoconservative - Paleoconservative Conflict

The right has a complex and sometimes contradictory view on foreign issues. Starting in the 1980s two factions in the American Conservative movement began quarrelling with one another Neoconservatives and Paleoconservatives. As is the case with Paleoconservatives and Neoconservatives in the United States. Paleoconservatism (sometimes shortened to paleo or paleocon when the context is clear is a term for an anti-communist and Anti-authoritarian Neoconservatism (or Neocon is a Right-wing political philosophy that emerged in the United States from the rejection of the Social liberalism, Moral relativism

Paleo-conservatives generally debate over whether supporting other countries is in the United States' interests. Paleo-conservatives are generally against wars of aggression, upon the basis of their illegal and unconstitutional nature, and are generally cautious about military action or sanctions against foreign entities. Paelo-conservatism is generally viewed as a kind of shelter for those, generally in the Republican party, who feel that neo-conservative ideology has hijacked the traditional Republican position. . Unlike the paleolibertarians, some paleoconservatives like Buchanan supported the Cold War. Paleolibertarianism is a school of thought within American Libertarianism founded by Lew Rockwell and Murray Rothbard, and closely associated Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Most paleo-conservatives believe that any support of other countries, such as Israel, South Korea, Germany, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, for instance, over American neutrality is not in the United States' interests while also viewing such aid is illegal and immoral. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and

Neoconservatives believe that America should "export democracy", that is, spread its ideals of government, economics, and culture abroad, they grew to reject U. S. reliance on international organizations and treaties to accomplish these objectives. Compared to other U. S. conservatives, neoconservatives take a more idealist stance on foreign policy; adhere less to social conservatism; have a weaker dedication to the policy of minimal government; and in the past, have been more supportive of the welfare state. See also Idealism (disambiguation. Idealism usually refers to the school of thought personified in American diplomatic history by Woodrow Foreign Policy is a bimonthly American Magazine founded in 1970 by Samuel P Social conservatism is a political or moral ideology that affirms the government's role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values or behaviors in the belief that these are what In Civics, minarchism, sometimes called minimal Statism, small government, or limited-government Libertarianism None of these qualities are necessary.

Aggressive support for democracies and nation building is additionally justified by a belief that, over the long term, it will reduce the extremism that is a breeding ground for Islamic terrorism. For nation-building in the sense of enhancing the capacity of state institutions building state-society relations and also external interventions see State-building Extremism is a term used to describe the actions or ideologies of individuals or groups outside the perceived political center of a society or otherwise claimed to violate Neoconservatives, along with many other political theorists, have argued that democratic regimes are less likely to instigate a war than a country with an authoritarian form of government. Further, they argue that the lack of freedoms, lack of economic opportunities, and the lack of secular general education in authoritarian regimes promotes radicalism and extremism. Consequently, neoconservatives advocate the spread of democracy to regions of the world where it currently does not prevail, notably the Arab nations of the Middle East, communist China and North Korea, and Iran. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

The Right and religion

Many religious groups have allied with the Right. Notably the Christian Right in America. The Christian right is a term used predominantly in the United States to describe a spectrum of right-wing Christian political and social movements and

Social conservatives emphasize traditional views of social units such as the family, church, or locale. Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence Social conservatives would typically define family in terms of local histories and tastes. To the Protestant or Catholic, social conservatism may entail support for defining marriage as between a man and a woman (thereby banning gay marriage) and laws placing restrictions on abortion. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same An

Some conservatives want to use federal power to block state actions they disapprove of. Thus in the 21st century came support for the "No Child Left Behind" program, support for a constitutional amendment prohibiting same-sex marriage, support for federal laws overruling states that attempt to legalize marijuana or assisted suicide. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-110 often abbreviated in print as NCLB and sometimes shortened in pronunciation to "nickelbee" is a controversial Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same Since the 20th century most countries have enacted laws affecting the legality of cannabis regarding the cultivation use possession or transfer of cannabis for recreational Euthanasia (literally "good death" in Ancient Greek) refers to the practice of ending a life in a painless manner The willingness to use federal power to intervene in state affairs is the negation of the old state's rights position.

Anti-intellectualism has sometimes been a component of social conservatism, especially when intellectuals were seen in opposition to religion or as proponents of "progress". Anti-intellectualism describes a sentiment of hostility towards or mistrust of Intellectuals and Intellectual pursuits ^[8] In the 1920s, William Jennings Bryan led the battle against Darwinism and evolution, a battle which still goes on in some conservative circles today. For other persons of the same name see William Bryan and William Jennings. Darwinism is a term used for various different movements or concepts related to a greater or lesser extent to Charles Darwin 's work on Evolution. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008

However Libertarian conservatives like Barry Goldwater have been strong opponents of mixing religion with government. Right-libertarianism or right libertarianism is a phrase used to either describe non- Collectivist forms of Libertarianism or a variety of different libertarian In addition some right-wing parties support separation of church and state. Separation of church and state is a Political and Legal Doctrine that Government and religious institutions are to be kept separate

The New Right and populism

Further information: Right-wing populism

Right-wing populism and Radical right-wing populism (RRP) relies on a combination of ethno-nationalism with anti-elitist (populist) rhetoric and a radical critique of existing political institutions. Right-wing populism (also radical right-wing populism, RRP is a Political ideology and rhetorical style found around the world Ethnic nationalism is a form of Nationalism wherein the " Nation " is defined in terms of Ethnicity. Elitism is the belief or attitude that those individuals who are considered members of the Elite &mdash a select group of people with outstanding personal abilities intellect ^{[9][10][11][12]}

In the United States, radical right wing populism traces back to roots in the Jacksonian period and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the mid-19th century following the Civil War. Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South It also played a role in mobilizing middle class support for the Nazi Party in Weimar Germany. ^[13]In this case, distressed middle–class populists during the pre-Nazi Weimar period mobilized their anger at government and big business. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The Nazis "parasitized the forms and themes of the populists and moved their constituencies far to the right through ideological appeals involving demagoguery, scapegoating, and conspiracism". Demagogy (also demagoguery) ( Ancient Greek δημαγωγία from dēmos "people" and agein "to lead" refers to a political ^[14]

They are considered radical because they oppose the current welfare system and the present political system; right-wing because they oppose aspects of socialism and have traditional policies on immigration; and populist because they appeal to the fears and frustrations of common citizens. ^[15]

See also

• Left-Right politics
• Left-wing politics
• Extremism
• Ideology
• Political spectrum
• Political compass
• Nolan chart
• Sinisterism
• World's Smallest Political Quiz

References

• Berlet, Chip and Matthew N. Lyons. 2000. Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort. New York: Guilford Press.
• Diamond, Sara. 1995. Roads to Dominion: Right–Wing Movements and Political Power in the United States. New York: Guilford.
• Easton, Nina J. 2000. Gang of Five: Leaders at the Center of the Conservative Crusade. New York: Simon and Schuster.
• Eatwell, Roger. 1996. Fascism: A History. New York: Allen Lane.
• Fritzsche, Peter. 1990. Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505780-5
• Griffin, Roger. Roger Griffin is a British academic Political theorist at Oxford Brookes University, England. 2000. "Revolution from the Right: Fascism," chapter in David Parker (ed. ) Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560-1991, Routledge, London.
• Griffin, Roger. 1991. The Nature of Fascism. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
• Himmelstein, Jerome L. 1990. To The Right: The Transformation of American Conservatism. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Laclau, Ernesto. 1977. Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory: Capitalism, Fascism, Populism. London: NLB/Atlantic Highlands Humanities Press.
• Laqueur, Walter. Walter Zeev Laqueur (born 26 May 1921) is an American historian and political commentator 1966. Fascism: Past, Present, Future, New York: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
• Payne, Stanley G. 1995. A History of Fascism, 1914-45. Madison, Wisc. : University of Wisconsin Press ISBN 0-299-14874-2
• Reich, Wilhelm. Wilhelm Reich ( March 24, 1897 – November 3, 1957) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. 1970. The Mass Psychology of Fascism. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
• Weber, Eugen. Eugen Joseph Weber ( April 24, 1925, Bucharest - May 17, 2007, Brentwood Los Angeles California) was a prominent [1964] 1982. Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, (Contains chapters on fascist movements in different countries. )

External links

/ The Right-Winger's Guide to the Radical Left [*Political Compass

• The Nolan Charts, other alternative political spectra (mostly libertarian-oriented).
• publiceye.org - A leftist organization's perspective on the right.
• The Political Compass and Why Libertarianism is Not Right Wing by J. C. Lester
• Putting the Far Right into Perspective - Public Good Project
• Chronicle of Bias, a site that attacks media bias towards the left and advances the right's views