- This article is about the city of Richmond, the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state For information on Richmond County, which is 53 miles (85 km) away and unrelated to the city, please see Richmond County, Virginia. For the State Capital see Richmond Virginia, a city located more than 85 kilometers (53 miles away in a different part of the state
| City of Richmond, Virginia | |||
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| Nickname: River City, Cap City | |||
| Motto: Sic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country | United States | ||
| State | Virginia | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | L. Douglas Wilder (I) | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 62. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Lawrence Douglas Wilder (born January 17, 1931) is an American Politician and was the first African American to be elected In Politics, an independent is a Politician who is not Affiliated with any Political party. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 5 sq mi (162. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 0 km²) | ||
| - Land | 60. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 1 sq mi (155. 6 km²) | ||
| - Water | 2. 5 sq mi (6. 4 km²) | ||
| Elevation | 166. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 45 ft (45. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 7 m) | ||
| Population (2007) | |||
| - City | 200,123 (estimate) | ||
| - Density | 3,211. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1/sq mi (1,239. 8/km²) | ||
| - Urban | 1,045,250 | ||
| - Metro | 1,194,008 | ||
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| Area code(s) | 804 | ||
| FIPS code | 51-67000[1] | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 1499957[2] | ||
| Website: http://www.ci.richmond.va.us | |||
Richmond (IPA: /ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the United States. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks ImageArea code 804png|right|500px|The area colored red indicates the eastern region of Virginia served by area code 804poly 391 103 368 103 343 148 324 152 325 160 317 164 Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Like all Virginia municipalities incorporated as cities, it is an independent city and not part of any county. An independent city is a City that does not form part of another general-purpose Local government entity A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. Richmond is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond area. Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced See also Richmond Virginia Richmond-Petersburg (also known as the Greater Richmond Region) is a region located in a central part of the state Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield Counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64 in central Virginia. Henrico (hɛnˈraɪkoʊ is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. Chesterfield County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. In the Commonwealth of Virginia, Interstate 95 runs through the state Interstate 64 (abbreviated I-64) is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. As of 2006 the city's estimated population is 192,913, with a metropolitan area population of 1. 2 million, making the Richmond Metropolitan Area the third largest metropolitan area in Virginia.
The site of Richmond, at the fall line of the James River in the Piedmont region of Virginia, was briefly settled by English settlers from Jamestown in 1607, near the site of a significant native settlement. In Geomorphology, a fall line (at times referred to as a fall zone) marks the area where an upland region (continental Bedrock) and a Coastal plain The James River in the US state of Virginia is a long River, including its Jackson River source Piedmont is a plateau region located in the eastern United States between the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the main Appalachian Mountains, stretching The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Jamestown, located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14 1607 The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony and occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was the English colony During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's, "Give me liberty or give me death," speech in 1775 at St. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Patrick Henry ( May 29, 1736 June 6, 1799) was a prominent figure in the American Revolution, known and remembered for his " " Give me Liberty or give me Death! " is a famous quotation attributed to Patrick Henry from a speech made to the Virginia House of Burgesses. John's Church, and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom in 1779; the latter of which was written by Thomas Jefferson in the city. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was written in 1779 by Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America, and many important American Civil War landmarks remain in the city today, including the Virginia State Capitol and the White House of the Confederacy, among others. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Virginia State Capitol is the seat of state government in the Commonwealth of Virginia located in Richmond, the third State Capital of Virginia. The Museum of the Confederacy is located in Richmond Virginia.
Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government with several notable legal and banking firms, as well as federal, state, and local governmental agencies, located in the downtown area. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Richmond is one of twelve cities in the United States to be home to a Federal Reserve Bank. There are also nine Fortune 500, and thirteen Fortune 1000 companies in the city. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content Please do not add the complete list of fortune 1000 companies
Contents |
History
In 1606, James I granted a royal charter to the Virginia Company of London to settle colonists in North America. James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James British colonization of the Americas (including colonization under the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland before the 1707 Acts of Union created The London Company (also called the Charter of the Virginia Company of London) was an English Joint stock company established by royal charter by [3] After the first permanent English settlement was established in April, 1607, at Jamestown, Captain Christopher Newport and Captain John Smith led explorers northwest up the James River, and on June 3, 1607, erected a cross on one of the small islands in the middle of the part of the river that runs through today's downtown area. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English Jamestown, located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14 1607 Christopher Newport (c 1561&ndash1618 was an English sailor and Privateer. Captain Sir John Smith (c January 1580– June 21 1631) Admiral of New England was an English Soldier, Sailor The James River in the US state of Virginia is a long River, including its Jackson River source Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering The first permanent settlement within the present limits of the city was made in 1609 in the district known as Rockett's. [4] Before 1607, Indian tribes of the Powhatan Confederacy had lived in the region. The Powhatan (also spelled Powatan and Powhaten) or Powhatan Renape (literally the "Powhatan Human Beings" is the name of a For centuries, the tribe recognized the value of this site, rich in natural beauty. They knew it as a place to hunt, fish, play, and trade, and they called it "Shocquohocan,", or Shockoe. [4][5]
Later the same year, Captain Smith bought a tract of land on the east bank of the river from the Indians, about 3 miles (4. 8 km) from the initial settlement. He named this tract, "Nonesuch," and attempted to establish a small garrison, which was later abandoned due to ongoing attacks by the Indians. In 1645, Fort Charles was erected at the falls of the James – the highest navigable point of the James River – as a frontier defense. New settlers moved in, and the community grew into a bustling trading post for furs, hides, and tobacco. [4][5]
In 1673, William Byrd I was granted lands on the James River that included the area around Falls that would become Richmond and already included small settlements. William Byrd I (1652&ndash April 12, 1704) was a native of Shadwell, London England. Byrd was a well-connected Indian trader in the area and established a fort on the site. William Byrd II inherited his father's land in 1704, and in 1737 founded the town of Richmond at the Falls of the James and commissioned Major William Mayo to lay out the original town grid. William Byrd II ( 28 March 1674 &ndash 26 August 1744) was a planter and Author from Charles City County, Virginia William Mayo ( c1685 - October 20, 1744) was an English Civil engineer who emigrated to the British colony of Byrd named the city Richmond after the town of Richmond in England (a suburb of London) because the view of the James River was strikingly similar to the view of the River Thames from Richmond, England, where he had spent time during his youth. Richmond is a town and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in England. The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. The settlement was laid out in April, 1737, and was incorporated as a town in 1742. [4][5]
American Revolutionary War
In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous, "Give me Liberty or Give me Death," speech in St. John's Church in Richmond that was crucial for deciding Virginia's (then the largest of the 13 colonies) participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence. Patrick Henry ( May 29, 1736 June 6, 1799) was a prominent figure in the American Revolution, known and remembered for his " " Give me Liberty or give me Death! " is a famous quotation attributed to Patrick Henry from a speech made to the Virginia House of Burgesses. St John's is an Episcopal church located in Richmond Virginia. The First Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen British North American colonies that met on September 5 1774 in Thomas Jefferson, who would soon write the United States Declaration of Independence, George Washington, who would soon command the Continental Army,and Ajoya Speight were in attendance at this critical moment on the path to the American Revolution. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" [6]
On April 18, 1780, as Virginia’s population moved further west, the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond, to provide a more centralized location, as well as to isolate the capital from British attack. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia [7] In 1781, under the command of Benedict Arnold, Richmond was burned by British troops causing Governor Thomas Jefferson to flee the city. Benedict Arnold V ( – June 14, 1801) was a General during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Yet Richmond shortly recovered and, by 1782, Richmond was once again a thriving city. [8]
In 1786, one of the most important and influential passages of legislation in American history was passed at the temporary state capital in Richmond, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was written in 1779 by Thomas Jefferson. Written by Thomas Jefferson and sponsored by James Madison, the statute was the basis for the separation of church and state, and led to freedom of religion for all Americans as protected in the religion clause in the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding Freedom of religion is the freedom of an individual or community in public or private to manifest religion or belief in teaching practice worship and observance The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Its importance is recognized annually by the President of The United States, with January 16 established as National Religious Freedom Day. National Religious Freedom Day commemorates the Virginia General Assembly 's adoption of Thomas Jefferson 's landmark Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom [9]
The Virginia State Capitol building, designed by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau, was completed in 1788. The Virginia State Capitol is the seat of state government in the Commonwealth of Virginia located in Richmond, the third State Capital of Virginia. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence Charles-Louis Clérisseau ( 28 August 1721 &ndash 9 January 1820) the French architectural draughtsman Antiquary, and artist occupies It is the second-oldest US statehouse in continuous use (Maryland's is the oldest) and was the first US government building built in the neo-classical Roman style of architecture, setting the trend for other state houses and the federal government buildings (including the White House and The Capitol) in Washington, DC. Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The state capitol is one of thirteen in the United States without a dome and underwent a complete renovation which was completed in May 2007. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [10]
Early nineteenth century
After the Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged an important industrial center; it also became a crossroads of transportation and commerce, much of this tied to its role as a major hub in the Transatlantic slave trade. The Atlantic Slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African people supplied to the Colonies of the New World George Washington proposed and received the support of the Virginia legislature for the establishment of the James River and Kanawha Canal, the first canal system to be established in the U. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the The James River and Kanawha Canal was a Canal in Virginia, which was built to facilitate shipments of passengers and freight by water between the western counties Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways S. The canal allowed goods and services coming up the James River to be navigated around the falls at Richmond and connect Richmond and the eastern part of Virginia with the west. As a result, Richmond became home to some of the largest manufacturing facilities in the country, including iron works and flour mills, the largest facilities of their kind in the south. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. [11] The Canal officially ceased operations in the 1880s, although portions of the canal have been preserved and rebuilt by 1998–1999, spurring tourism and economic development along the old canal route in downtown Richmond. [12]
Besides transportation and industry, antebellum Richmond was also the center of regional communications, with several newspapers and book publishers, including John Warrock, helping shape public opinion and further the education of the populace. " Antebellum " is an expression derived from Latin that means "before war" ( ante, "before" and bellum John Warrock ( November 4, 1774 &ndash March 8, 1858) was an American publisher most noted for his service as the official printer
The resistance to the slave trade was growing by the mid-nineteenth century; in one famous case in 1848, Henry “Box” Brown made history by having himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to abolitionists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, escaping slavery. Henry "Box" Brown (1815-c1879 was a 19th century Virginia slave who escaped to freedom by arranging to have himself mailed to Philadelphia abolitionists in a dry goods Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern [13]
Civil War and Reconstruction
At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the strategic location of the Tredegar Iron Works was one of the primary factors in the decision to make Richmond the Capital of the Confederacy. Richmond Virginia, served as the capital of the Confederate States of America during the vast majority of the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Tredegar Iron Works is an historic iron foundry in Richmond Virginia, United States of America. [14] From this arsenal came the 723 tons of armor plating that covered the CSS Virginia, the world’s first ironclad used in war, as well as much of the Confederates' heavy ordnance machinery. USS Merrimack becomes CSS Virginia When the Commonwealth of Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861 one of the important federal military bases threatened An ironclad was a steam-propelled Warship of the later 19th century protected by Iron or Steel armor plates [15] In February, 1861, Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as President of the Confederate States of America in Montgomery, Alabama, the first Confederate capital. Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U In the early morning of April 12, 1861, the Confederate army fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina, and the Civil War had begun. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Fort Sumter, a Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor South Carolina, was named after General Thomas Sumter Charleston is a city in Charleston county in the US state of South Carolina. On April 17, 1861, Virginia seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States, and soon thereafter the Confederate government moved its capital to Richmond. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [16] The Confederate Congress shared quarters with the Virginia General Assembly in the Virginia State Capitol, and the Confederacy's executive mansion, the "White House of the Confederacy", was two blocks away in the upscale Court End neighborhood. The Congress of the Confederate States was the legislative body of the Confederate States of America, existing during the American Civil War between 1861 and 1865 The Virginia General Assembly is the legislative body of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Virginia State Capitol is the seat of state government in the Commonwealth of Virginia located in Richmond, the third State Capital of Virginia. The Museum of the Confederacy is located in Richmond Virginia.
The Seven Days Battles, in which Union General McClellan threatened Richmond and came very near but ultimately failed to take the city, followed in late June and early July of 1862. Start of the Peninsula Campaign Opposing forces See also [[Seven Days Confederate order of battle]] [[Seven Days Union order of battle]] Almost Three years later on April 3, 1865, Ulysses S. Grant and the Union Army captured Richmond, and the state capital was then relocated to Danville. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States Danville is an Independent city in Virginia, bounded by Pittsylvania County Virginia and Caswell County North Carolina. Six days later, Robert E. Lee's retreating Army of Northern Virginia surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, symbolically ending the war. Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. Appomattox Court House is a village located three miles (5 km east of Appomattox, Virginia, USA (25 miles east of Lynchburg Virginia, in the On April 2, 1865, about 25% of the city's buildings were destroyed in a fire set by retreating Confederate soldiers. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Union soldiers put out the fires as they entered the city. [16]
After the Civil War, Richmond entered a phase of recovery and reconstruction. Monument Avenue was laid out in 1887, with a series of monuments at various intersections honoring the city's Confederate heroes, included (east to west) J.E.B. Stuart, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, Stonewall Jackson, and Matthew F. Maury. Monument Avenue, in Richmond Virginia, memorializes Virginian native Confederate participants of the Civil War and one 20th century Richmond native James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart ( February 6, 1833 &ndash May 12, 1864) was an American soldier from Virginia and a Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the Matthew Fontaine Maury ( January 14, 1806 &ndash February 1, 1873) USN was an American Astronomer, [17] Richmond's Hollywood Cemetery is the final resting place of both Stuart and Davis. This article is about the cemetery in Richmond Virginia for the cemetery in Hollywood California see Hollywood Forever Cemetery.
Contributing to Richmond's industrial reconstruction was the first successful electrically-powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The Richmond Union Passenger Railway, in Richmond Virginia, was the first practical electric trolley (tram system and set the pattern for most subsequent Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities. Frank Julian Sprague ( July 25, 1857 in Milford Connecticut - October 25, 1934) was an American naval officer [18] Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. [19]
Twentieth century
By the beginning of the Twentieth Century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 square miles (13 km²), making it the most densely populated city in the southern United States. [20]
In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier Maggie L. Walker chartered St. Maggie Lena Walker ( July 15, 1867 - December 15, 1934) was an American Teacher, Businesswoman, and Banker Luke Penny Savings Bank, and served as its first president, as well as the first female bank president in the United States. Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U. S. The Governor's School in Richmond City is also dedicated to her name. [21]
In 1910, the former city of Manchester was consolidated with the city of Richmond, and in 1914, the city annexed the Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park areas of Henrico County. Manchester Virginia was the original County seat of Chesterfield County, Virginia in the United States when it was formed from Henrico Henrico (hɛnˈraɪkoʊ is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. [22]
In May of 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank. The Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond is the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve located in Richmond Virginia. It was selected due to the city's geographic location, its importance as a commercial and financial center, its transportation and communications facilities, as well as Virginia's leading regional role in the banking business. The bank was originally located near the federal courts downtown and moved to a new headquarters building near the Capitol in 1922, and finally to its present location overlooking the James River in 1978. [23] Richmond's business and industrial development continued throughout the decade, and in 1929, Philip Morris, which began as a British company about 100 years earlier, opened its first US factory in the city. Richmond was chosen because the town's rich tobacco history. [24]
Richmond entered the broadcasting era in late 1925 when WRVA, originally known as the Edgeworth Tobacco Station and owned by Larus & Brothers, went on the air. The white ballad singers and black gospel quartets that were popular on the radio at the time were often urban and sometimes even professional men. At the time, Richmond was particularly self-conscious with its southern roots, and such music was seen as culturally inferior. WTVR-TV (CBS 6), the first television station in Richmond, was the first television station south of Washington, D. WTVR-TV ( CBS 6) is a CBS television affiliate based in Richmond Virginia owned by Raycom Media. C. [25]
Several performing arts venues were constructed during the 1920s. In 1926, The Mosque (now called the Landmark Theater) was constructed by the Shriners as their Acca Temple Shrine, and since then, many of America's greatest entertainers have appeared on its stage beneath its towering minarets and desert murals. The Landmark Theater in Richmond, Virginia, United States is a theater at the southwest corner of Monroe Park. The Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, commonly known as Shriners and abbreviated A [26] Loew's Theater was built in 1927, and was described as, "the ultimate in 1920s movie palace fantasy design. " It later suffered a decline in popularity as the movie-going population moved to the suburbs, but was restored during the 1980s and renamed as the Carpenter Center for the Performing Arts. [27] In 1928, the Byrd Theater was built by local architect Fred Bishop on Westhampton Avenue (now called Cary Street) in a residential area of the city. The Byrd Theatre named after William Byrd II, the founder of Richmond Virginia, is a cinema in the Carytown neighborhood of Richmond An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction To this day, the Byrd remains in operation as one of the last of the great movie palaces of the 1920s and 1930s. [28]
In his autobiography, "The Moon's A Balloon". Academy award winning actor David Niven described how he was on a trip from New York to Florida in the late 1930s when he decided to spend the night at Richmond's famous Jefferson Hotel, located in downtown Richmond. James David Graham Niven (1 March 1910 – 29 July 1983 was an English Academy Award -winning Actor probably best known for his role as the punctuality-obsessed The Jefferson Hotel is a luxury hotel in Richmond Virginia. It is one of 27 American hotels with Mobil Five Star and the AAA Five Diamond Hotel ratings Niven stated that as he was signing the guest registry at the Jefferson, his eyes snapped open with amazement when he noticed a full sized alligator swimming in a small pool located six feet from the reception desk. [29] Alligators at The Jefferson would become world famous, and the last alligator living in the marble pools of the Jefferson's Palm Court, named Old Pompey, remained there until he died in 1948. [30]
Between 1963 and 1965, there was a, "downtown boom," that led to the construction of more than 700 buildings in the city. In 1968, Virginia Commonwealth University was created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia with the Richmond Professional Institute. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, The Medical College of Virginia (MCV is the name of Virginia Commonwealth University's medical campus located in downtown Richmond Virginia. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, [31] In 1970, Richmond's borders expanded by an additional 27 square miles (69 km²) on the south. After several years of court cases in which Chesterfield County fought annexation, more than 47,000 people who once were Chesterfield County residents found themselves in the city’s perimeters on January 1, 1970. Chesterfield County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [32]
Between the 1984 and 1985 seasons, the city completed construction of the Diamond, a new baseball stadium for the Richmond Braves, a AAA baseball team in the Atlanta Braves minor league system. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each A modern stadium (plural stadiums or stadia in English is a place or venue for (mostly outdoor Sports Concerts or other events consisting The Richmond Braves were the AAA Minor league baseball affiliate of the Atlanta Braves and played in the International League. The park opened on April 17, 1985, replacing the old Parker Field, which previously occupied the same site. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) [33] Also in 1985, Richmond saw the opening of 6th Street Marketplace, a downtown festival marketplace, which was envisioned as a solution to the downtown areas urban erosion. The project ultimately failed, and the shopping center was closed and demolished in 2004. [34]
A multi-million dollar flood wall was completed in 1995, in order to protect the city and the Shockoe Bottom businesses from the rising waters of the James River. After the flood wall was completed, the River District businesses grew rapidly, and today the area is home to much of Richmond's entertainment, dining and nightlife activity. [35]
In 1996, a reminder of Richmond's Confederate history arose amid controversy involved in placing a statue of African American Richmond native and tennis star Arthur Ashe to the famed series of statues of Confederate heroes of the Civil War on Monument Avenue. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Arthur Robert Ashe Jr ( July 10, 1943 – February 6, 1993) was an African American Tennis player who was born and raised Monument Avenue, in Richmond Virginia, memorializes Virginian native Confederate participants of the Civil War and one 20th century Richmond native [36] After several months of controversy, the bronze statue of Ashe was finally completed on Monument Avenue facing the opposite direction of the Confederate Heroes on July 3, 1996. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) [37]
Twenty-first century
Richmond entered the twenty-first century in the process of undergoing several redevelopment initiatives. The city completed a $52 million restoration of the James River and Kanawha Canals, as well as the Haxall Canal, in 1999, which included a Canal Walk, designed to attract businesses such as restaurants and nightclubs to the area. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The James River and Kanawha Canal was a Canal in Virginia, which was built to facilitate shipments of passengers and freight by water between the western counties The riverfront project has brought the 1. 25-mile (2. 01 km) corridor back to life, with trendy loft apartments, restaurants, shops and hotels winding along the Canal Walk, along with canal boat cruises and walking tours. [12] Riverfront development continued in April 2003 with the start of construction of Riverside on the James, a 720,000 square foot (66,890 sq m) residential and office complex near Brown's Island between 10th and 12th Streets downtown. The project, costing $90 million, was completed in July 2005, and is expected to attract even more commercial development to the downtown area. [38]
On September 19, 2003, Hurricane Isabel's sustained winds of 40–60 mph (64–96 km/h) caused major power outages in the area. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Hurricane Isabel was the costliest and deadliest hurricane in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season.
In September 2004, Tropical Storm Gaston swept through the area, bringing with it intense rain, causing severe flooding in the Shockoe Bottom business district, as well as major electrical outages throughout the metropolitan area. Hurricane Gaston was a minimal hurricane that made landfall in South Carolina on August 29 2004 [39]
Geography and climate
Geography
- See also: Richmond-Petersburg
Richmond is located at (37. See also Richmond Virginia Richmond-Petersburg (also known as the Greater Richmond Region) is a region located in a central part of the state 538346, -77. 461507). [40] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 5 sq mi (162. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 0 km²). 60. 1 sq mi (155. 6 km²) of it is land and 2. 5 sq mi (6. 4 km²) of it (3. 96%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. Piedmont is a plateau region located in the eastern United States between the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the main Appalachian Mountains, stretching The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The Piedmont region is categorized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. The Blue Ridge, or Blue Ridge Mountains, is a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian division Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River. The James River in the US state of Virginia is a long River, including its Jackson River source The Appomattox River is a tributary of the James River, approximately 137 miles (220 km in central and eastern Virginia in the United States, named for For the tribe see Chickahominy (tribe. Chickahominy also known as "the Chick" is a River in the southeastern portion
The Richmond-Petersburg Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), the 43rd largest in the United States, includes the independent cities of Richmond, Colonial Heights, Hopewell, and Petersburg, as well as the counties of Charles City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and Prince George. See also Richmond Virginia Richmond-Petersburg (also known as the Greater Richmond Region) is a region located in a central part of the state Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced See also Metropolitan Statistical Area, Core Based Statistical Area Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasThe United States Census Bureau has defined Colonial Heights is an Independent city in Virginia, United States. Hopewell is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Petersburg is an Independent city in Virginia, United States located on the Appomattox River. Charles City County is a county located in the US state &mdash officially " Commonwealth " &mdash of Virginia. Chesterfield County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. Dinwiddie County is a county located in the US state &mdash officially " Commonwealth " &mdash of Virginia. Goochland County is a county located in the US state &mdash officially " Commonwealth " &mdash of Virginia. Hanover County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Henrico (hɛnˈraɪkoʊ is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. New Kent County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. Powhatan County is a county located in the US state &mdash officially " Commonwealth " &mdash of Virginia. Prince George County is a county located in the US state &mdash officially " Commonwealth " &mdash of Virginia. [41] As of July 1, 2005, the total population of the Richmond—Petersburg MSA is 1,194,008. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced [42]
Cityscape
- See also: Neighborhoods of Richmond, Virginia
Richmond's original street grid, laid out in 1737, included the area between what are now Broad, 17th, and 25th Streets and the James River. North Side is an area comprised of northern Richmond Virginia and some parts of Henrico County Virginia. The Southside of Richmond is an area of the Metropolitan Statistical Area surrounding Richmond Virginia. The East End of Richmond Virginia is actually a collection of neighborhoods The West End is an urban and Suburban region of Richmond Virginia. See also Richmond Virginia This article is about the various neighborhoods in the Greater Richmond Virginia area Modern Downtown Richmond is located slightly farther west, on the slopes of Shockoe Hill. Downtown Richmond refers to a business district of Richmond Virginia. Nearby neighborhoods include Shockoe Bottom, the historically significant and low-lying area between Shockoe Hill and Church Hill, Jackson Ward, a historic neighborhood rich in African American history which was once called, "The Wall Street of Black America," and Monroe Ward, which contains the Jefferson Hotel. Shockoe Bottom is an area in Richmond Virginia, just east of downtown along the James River Jackson Ward is an historically African-American neighborhood in Richmond Virginia, USA. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The Jefferson Hotel is a luxury hotel in Richmond Virginia. It is one of 27 American hotels with Mobil Five Star and the AAA Five Diamond Hotel ratings Richmond's East End includes neighborhoods like rapidly gentrifying Church Hill, home to St. John's Church, as well as poorer areas like Fulton, Union Hill, and Fairmont, and public housing projects like Mosby Court, Whitcomb Court, Fairfield Court, and Creighton Court closer to Interstate 64. St John's is an Episcopal church located in Richmond Virginia. Fulton Hill is a Neighborhood located in the East End of Richmond, Virginia. Interstate 64 (abbreviated I-64) is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. [43]
The area between Belvidere Street, Interstate 195, Interstate 95, and the river, which includes Virginia Commonwealth University, is socioeconomically and architecturally diverse. Interstate 195 ( I-195) also known as the Beltline Expressway, is an Interstate Highway in and near Richmond Virginia, United States In the Commonwealth of Virginia, Interstate 95 runs through the state Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, North of Broad Street, the Carver and Newtowne West neighborhoods are demographically similar to neighboring Jackson Ward, with Carver experiencing some gentrification due to its proximity to VCU. Jackson Ward is an historically African-American neighborhood in Richmond Virginia, USA. The affluent area between the Boulevard, Main Street, Broad Street, and VCU, known as the Fan, is home to Monument Avenue, an outstanding collection of Victorian architecture, and many students. Boulevard (usually referred to as "The Boulevard" although the street name does not include any Definite article) is a historic Street in the The Fan is a district of Richmond Virginia, so named because of the "fan" shape of the roads that extend west from Belvidere St Monument Avenue, in Richmond Virginia, memorializes Virginian native Confederate participants of the Civil War and one 20th century Richmond native The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. West of the Boulevard is the Museum District, the location of the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Boulevard (usually referred to as "The Boulevard" although the street name does not include any Definite article) is a historic Street in the The Virginia Historical Society, founded in 1831 as the Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society and headquartered in Richmond Virginia, is a major repository The Virginia Museum of Fine arts, or ‘’’VMFA’’’ is an art museum in Richmond Virginia. South of the Downtown Expressway are Byrd Park, Maymont, Hollywood Cemetery, the predominantly black working class Randolph neighborhood, and white working class Oregon Hill. State Route 195, also known as the Downtown Expressway, is a primary State highway in Richmond Virginia, United States. Byrd Park is a Public park located in Richmond Virginia, USA north of the James River and adjacent to Maymont History Habitats Horticulture Maymont is a 100 acre (400000 m² Victorian estate located at 2201 Shields Lake Drive Richmond Virginia. This article is about the cemetery in Richmond Virginia for the cemetery in Hollywood California see Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Oregon Hill is a Historically Working class neighborhood in Richmond Virginia. Cary Street between Interstate 195 and the Boulevard is a popular commercial area called Carytown. Interstate 195 ( I-195) also known as the Beltline Expressway, is an Interstate Highway in and near Richmond Virginia, United States Boulevard (usually referred to as "The Boulevard" although the street name does not include any Definite article) is a historic Street in the Carytown is the name of two places in the United States of America: Carytown Missouri, a village in Jasper County Carytown Richmond [43]
Further to the west is the affluent, suburban West End. The West End is an urban and Suburban region of Richmond Virginia. There are three major neighborhoods in the West End: Westhampton, Windsor Farms, and Sauer's Gardens. The University of Richmond and the Country Club of Virginia can also be found here. The University of Richmond is a private nonsectarian liberal arts university located on the border of the city of Richmond and Henrico County, Virginia [43]
The portion of the city south of the James River is known as the Southside. Neighborhoods in the city's Southside area range from affluent and middle class suburban neighborhoods like Westover Hills, Southampton, Stratford Hills, Oxford, Huguenot Hills, Hobby Hill, and Woodland Heights to the impoverished Manchester and Blackwell areas, the Hillside Court housing projects, and the ailing Jefferson Davis Highway commercial corridor. Manchester Virginia was the original County seat of Chesterfield County, Virginia in the United States when it was formed from Henrico Other Southside neighborhoods include Fawnbrook, Broad Rock, Cherry Gardens, Cullenwood, and Beaufont Hills. Much of Southside developed a suburban character as part of Chesterfield County before being annexed by Richmond, most notably in 1970. Chesterfield County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. [43]
The other side of the city, the Northside, began to develop at the end of the 19th century when the new streetcar system made it possible for people to live on the outskirts of town and still commute to jobs downtown. Several neighborhoods developed here: Ginter Park, Bellevue, Barton Heights, Highland Park, Azalea and Chamberlayne among others. [43]
Climate
Richmond has a humid subtropical climate with moderate changes of seasons. Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters Spring arrives in March with mild days and cool nights, and by late May, the temperature has warmed up considerably to herald warm summer days. Summer temperatures can be unpleasantly hot, often topping 90 °F (32 °C) with high humidity. On average, July is the warmest month of the year, with the maximum average precipitation. Days stay warm to mild until October, and fall is marked by nights once again becoming cooler. Autumn (also known as fall in North American English) is one of the four Temperate Seasons Autumn marks the transition from Summer Winter is usually mild in Richmond, with the coldest days featuring lows in the mid-upper 20s and highs in the mid 40s. The highest temperature ever recorded was 107 °F (42 °C) in 1918, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was −12 °F (−24. 4 °C) in 1940. On average, the coolest month of the year is January. [44] Snow falls every winter, averaging 12 inches (300 mm) per season. [45]
| Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures | ||||||||||||
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high | 81°F (27°C) | 83° (28°) | 94° (34°) | 96° (36°) | 100° (38°) | 104° (40°) | 105° (41°) | 107° (42°) | 103° (39°) | 99° (37°) | 86° (30°) | 81° (27°) |
| Normal high | 45° (7°) | 49° (9°) | 58° (14°) | 69° (21°) | 76° (24°) | 84° (29°) | 88° (31°) | 86° (30°) | 80° (27°) | 69° (21°) | 60° (16°) | 50° (10°) |
| Normal low | 28° (-2°) | 30° (-1°) | 37° (3°) | 45° (7°) | 55° (13°) | 63° (17°) | 68° (20°) | 67° (19°) | 60° (16°) | 47° (8°) | 38° (3°) | 31° (-1°) |
| Record low | -12° (-24°) | -10° (-23°) | 11° (-12°) | 19° (-7°) | 31° (-1°) | 40° (4°) | 51° (11°) | 39° (4°) | 35° (2°) | 21° (-6°) | 10° (-12°) | -2° (-19°) |
| Precipitation | 3. 6 in. (9 cm. ) | 3 (7. 6) | 4. 1 (10. 4) | 3. 2 (8. 1) | 4 (10. 1) | 3. 5 (9) | 4. 7 (11. 9) | 4. 2 (10. 6) | 4 (10. 1) | 3. 6 (9. 1) | 3. 1 (7. 8) | 3. 1 (7. 9) |
| Source: The Weather Channel[44] | ||||||||||||
Demographics
| City of Richmond Population by year[20] | |
| 1790 | 3,761 |
| 1800 | 5,737 |
| 1810 | 9,735 |
| 1820 | 12,067 |
| 1830 | 16,060 |
| 1840 | 20,153 |
| 1850 | 27,570 |
| 1860 | 37,910 |
| 1870 | 51,038 |
| 1880 | 63,600 |
| 1890 | 81,388 |
| 1900 | 85,050 |
| 1910 | 127,628 |
| 1920 | 171,667 |
| 1930 | 182,929 |
| 1940 | 193,042 |
| 1950 | 230,310 |
| 1960 | 219,958 |
| 1970 | 249,621 |
| 1980 | 219,214 |
| 1990 | 203,056 |
| 2000 | 197,790 |
| 2007 | 200,123 |
As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 197,790 people, 84,549 households, and 43,627 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The estimated population for 2006 is 192,913. [46][47] The population density was 3,292. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6 people per square mile (1,271. 3/km²). There were 92,282 housing units at an average density of 1,536. 2/sq mi (593. 1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 38. 30% White, 57. 19% African American, 0. 24% Native American, 1. 25% Asian, 0. 08% Pacific Islander, 1. 49% from other races, and 1. 46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 57% of the population.
There were 84,549 households out of which 23. 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27. 1% were married couples living together, 20. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48. 4% were non-families. 37. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 21 and the average family size was 2. 95.
In the city the population was spread out with 21. 8% under the age of 18, 13. 1% from 18 to 24, 31. 7% from 25 to 44, 20. 1% from 45 to 64, and 13. 2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 87. 1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83. 5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $31,121, and the median income for a family was $38,348. Males had a median income of $30,874 versus $25,880 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,337. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 17. 1% of families and 21. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 9% of those under age 18 and 15. 8% of those age 65 or over.
Being home to many institutions of higher education, the Richmond area boasts a college student population of nearly 45,000 (not including the two large community colleges and many technical schools in the area). Many of these students, especially those living in dormitories, are not included in the official population count.
Economy
Historic development as a commercial center
Richmond's strategic location on the James River, built on undulating hills at the rocky fall line separating the piedmont and tidewater regions of Virginia provided a natural site for the development of commerce. Piedmont is a plateau region located in the eastern United States between the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the main Appalachian Mountains, stretching The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state
The first European explorers came in 1607, from the Virginia Company of London. The Virginia Company refers collectively to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I in 1606 with the purposes of establishing London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. They discovered a fragrant weed grown by the natives, and tobacco became a lucrative commodity in the area. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. The trading post developed into a village, and by 1733 a town was laid out by William Byrd II and William Mayo. William Byrd II ( 28 March 1674 &ndash 26 August 1744) was a planter and Author from Charles City County, Virginia William Mayo is the name of William B Mayo (1860-1944 former chief engineer of the Ford Motor Company Two co-founders of the Mayo Clinic Its early buildings were clustered around the Farmers' Market, existing today at 17th Street.
Early trade grew rapidly, primarily in the agriculture sector, but also in the slave trade. The history of slavery uncovers many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures throughout history Slaves were imported to Richmond's Manchester docks from Africa, and were bought and sold at the same market.
To facilitate the transfer of cargo from the flat-bottomed bateaux above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below, George Washington helped design the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 1700s to bypass Richmond's rapids. A bateau is a shallow- draft, flat-bottomed Boat which was used extensively across North America, especially in the colonial period and in the Fur trade. In Geomorphology, a fall line (at times referred to as a fall zone) marks the area where an upland region (continental Bedrock) and a Coastal plain George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the The James River and Kanawha Canal was a Canal in Virginia, which was built to facilitate shipments of passengers and freight by water between the western counties The canal was later superseded by rail in the 1800s, and the railroads were laid on the original canal towpaths. In the 1900s highways were constructed in the air over the same area.
Throughout these three centuries and three modes of transportation, downtown has always been a hub, with the Great Turning Basin for boats, the world's only triple crossing of rail lines, and the intersection of two major interstates.
- See also: Transportation in Richmond, Virginia
Industries that defined Richmond
Richmond emerged from the smoldering rubble of the Civil War as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Transportation in Richmond Virginia and its immediate surroundings include land sea and air modes Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Innovations of this era included the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81, and the world's first successful electric street car system. James Albert Bonsack ( October 9 1859, Roanoke Virginia, US &ndash June 2 1924, Philadelphia) invented in For the metropolitan area see Roanoke Metropolitan Area. Roanoke is an Independent city located in the Roanoke Metropolitan Area in A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train
Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, led by such influential people as Maggie L. Walker (first woman to charter a bank in the U. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Maggie Lena Walker ( July 15, 1867 - December 15, 1934) was an American Teacher, Businesswoman, and Banker S. ) and John Mitchell, Jr. The city's historic Jackson Ward became known as the "Wall Street of Black America. John Mitchell Jr ( July 11, 1863 to December 3, 1929) was a Businessman, Politician Jackson Ward is an historically African-American neighborhood in Richmond Virginia, USA. "
Law and finance have long been driving forces in the economy. Because the city is home to both a U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and a Federal Reserve Bank, as well as offices for international firms such as Hunton & Williams, McGuireWoods, Troutman Sanders, CapitalOne, Philip Morris USA, and numerous other banks and brokerages, Richmond was cited as having minimal evidence of being a Global city. The United States courts of appeals (or circuit courts) are the intermediate appellate courts Founded in 1901 Hunton & Williams LLP is a US Law firm that employs more than 1000 Attorneys. McGuireWoods is a major United States law firm based in Richmond Virginia. Capital One Financial Corp ( is a McLean Virginia -based Bank holding company specializing in Credit cards, home loans, Auto loans Philip Morris USA is the United States tobacco division of Altria Group, Inc [48]
Since the 1960s Richmond has been a prominent hub for advertising agencies and advertising related businesses, including The Martin Agency. The Martin Agency is an American Advertising agency based in Richmond Virginia. As a result of local advertising agency support, VCU's graduate advertising school (VCU BrandCenter) is consistently ranked the #1 advertising graduate program in the country. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, [49]
Fortune 500 companies and other large corporations
The Greater Richmond area was named the third-best city for business by MarketWatch in September of 2007; ranking behind only the Minneapolis and Denver areas and just above Boston. MarketWatch operates a financial information website that provides business news analysis and stock market data to some 6 million people The area is home to nine Fortune 500 companies, including electric utility Dominion Resources; consumer electronics retailer Circuit City, which also spun off the used car retailer CarMax, now a separate Fortune 500 company; Performance Food Group; LandAmerica Financial Group; Owens & Minor; Brink's Company, a security services outfit; Genworth Financial, the former insurance arm of GE, the recently relocated MeadWestvaco, a leading global producer of packaging, coated and specialty papers, consumer and office products and specialty chemicals and Altria Group. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content Dominion Resources ( is one of the nation's largest producers and transporters of energy Circuit City ( is an American dealer and retailer in brand-name consumer electronics personal computers and entertainment software CarMax is the United States ' largest used-car retailer and a Fortune 500 company Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content Performance Food Group Company (PFGC is a Fortune 500 company that was founded in 1875. LandAmerica Financial Group Inc ( is the third largest title insurance group in the US Owens & Minor ( is a Fortune 500 company based in Mechanicsville Virginia. The Brink's Company ( is a security and protection company headquartered in Richmond Virginia, United States. Genworth Financial is an international Financial services organization that offers a portfolio of primarily consumer-focused products through its various companies including Insurance, in Law and Economics, is a form of Risk management primarily used to hedge against the Risk of a contingent loss Altria Group Inc ( (previously named Philip Morris Companies Inc
Richmond has the most Fortune 500 headquarters of any city in Virginia and only five metro areas in the country have more Fortune 500 company headquarters than the Richmond area. In addition to the nine Fortune 500 companies headquartered in the Richmond area, four Fortune 1000 companies also have their headquarters located in the area. [50]
Other Fortune 500 companies, while not headquartered in the area, do have a major presence here. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content These include Wachovia Securities headquarters (a subsidiary of Charlotte-based Wachovia Corporation), SunTrust Banks Incorporated (based in Atlanta), credit card agency Capital One Financial Corporation (officially based in McLean, Virginia, but founded in Richmond with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), the medical and pharmaceutical giant, McKesson (based in San Francisco) and Universal Corporation, also in the tobacco industry, has its corporate headquarters here as well. Wachovia Securities, located in St Louis Missouri, is the second largest brokerage firm in the United States as of October 1, 2007 with Wachovia Corporation ( based in Charlotte North Carolina, is a diversified Financial services holding company provided via its operating subsidiaries a broad SunTrust Banks Inc ( is an American Bank holding company. The largest subsidiary is SunTrust Bank Capital One Financial Corp ( is a McLean Virginia -based Bank holding company specializing in Credit cards, home loans, Auto loans McLean (pronounced "mick-CLANE") is an Unincorporated community located in Fairfax County in Northern Virginia. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Universal Corporation ( is one of the world's leading tobacco merchants Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Capital One and Altria company's Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers. In 2007, Altria announced its plans to move the corporate HQ from New York City to Richmond in 2008, adding another Fortune 500 corporation to Richmond's list.
DuPont also maintains a production facility known as the Spruance Plant, and Qimonda, formerly Infineon Technologies, has a facility located at Elko Tract (a former WWII airfield and ghost town) near Richmond International Airport, and produces DRAM computer memory in the area. E I du Pont de Nemours and Company (,) is an American chemical company that was founded in July 1802 as a Gunpowder mill by Eleuthère Irénée Infineon Technologies AG () was founded in April 1999 when the Semiconductor operations of parent company Siemens AG, were spun off to form a separate Elko Tract is a 2220 acre (9 km² tract of land in Henrico County Virginia. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A ghost town is a Town or City that has been abandoned usually because the economic activity that supported it has failed or due to natural or human-caused Richmond International Airport is a public Airport located in Sandston, Virginia, an Unincorporated community
Richmond is also home to the rapidly developing Virginia BioTechnology Research Park, which opened in 1995 as an incubator facility for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, the park currently has more than 575,000 square feet (53,000 m²) of research, laboratory and office space for a diverse tenant mix of companies, research institutes, government laboratories and non-profit organizations. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, The United Network for Organ Sharing, which maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list, occupies one building in the park. Philip Morris USA also recently opened a $350 million research and development facility in the park as well. Philip Morris USA is the United States tobacco division of Altria Group, Inc With approximately 600 additional Philip Morris researchers in 2007, once fully developed in the next five to 10 years, park officials expect the site to employ roughly 3,000 scientists, technicians and engineers.
Richmond is also the home of the Ukrop's Super Market, a regional, family-owned chain of supermarkets, known for its remarkable customer service, innovation, and friendly employees, as well as its closed-on-Sundays and no-alcohol-on-the-shelves policies. Ukrop's is a family-owned and operated Grocery store chain located in central Virginia. Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good Ukrops is a high-profile sponsor of community events like the Monument Avenue 10K, Easter on Parade, and the Ukrop's Christmas Parade. Monument Avenue, in Richmond Virginia, memorializes Virginian native Confederate participants of the Civil War and one 20th century Richmond native
Recent economic developments
In recent years, Richmond has been attempting to revive its downtown. Recent downtown initiatives include the Canal Walk, a new Greater Richmond Convention Center, and expansion on both VCU campuses. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, Despite numerous controversies related to excessive employee salaries and wasteful spending of public tax money,[51] a new performing arts center, Richmond CenterStage, will reportedly open in 2009. [52] The complex will include a renovation of the Carpenter Center and construction of a new multipurpose hall, community playhouse, and arts education center in parts of the old Thalhimers department store. [53] As planned by the Virginia Performing Arts Foundation (VAPAF), the publicly-funded arts center project now known as CenterStage has been mired in controversy, poor planning and questionable spending of money raised from a special citywide meals tax hike. [54]
The center is set to receive $25 million in 'City of the Future' funds from Mayor Doug Wilder even though the current planners of CenterStage have yet to disclose annual administrative and operating expenses or initiate an artists endowment. Lawrence Douglas Wilder (born January 17, 1931) is an American Politician and was the first African American to be elected [55] There are also few representatives from the area's performing arts community in key positions of authority within the project, leading critics to speculate that CenterStage is more of a real estate deal designed to prop up a failing convention center expansion than a worthwhile arts venture. [56] The city has entertained multiple proposals for a new baseball stadium for the AAA Class Richmond Braves in recent years, but none has yet advanced beyond initial planning. The Richmond Braves were the AAA Minor league baseball affiliate of the Atlanta Braves and played in the International League. In January, 2008, the Braves announced that in 2009 they will be leaving Richmond for Gwinnett County, GA due to Richmond's continued inaction on an improved ballpark.
In February, 2006, MeadWestvaco announced that they would move from Stamford, Connecticut, to Richmond in 2008. Stamford is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. [57] The company is planning an 8-10 story office building downtown, near the Federal Reserve building. [58]
Arts and culture
Museums and art galleries
Richmond has a significant art community, and the Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts is consistently ranked as one of the best in the nation. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, [59] In addition to many art venues associated with the university, there are also several attractions nearby, including the Library of Virginia, the Valentine Richmond History Center, the Virginia Historical Society, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Richmond Symphony, and the Richmond Ballet. Library of Virginia in Richmond Virginia, is the Library agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia, its archival agency and the reference library at the The Virginia Historical Society, founded in 1831 as the Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society and headquartered in Richmond Virginia, is a major repository The Virginia Museum of Fine arts, or ‘’’VMFA’’’ is an art museum in Richmond Virginia. The Byrd Theatre in Carytown is a classical movie theater from the 1920s era that still features second-run movies on a regular basis, and is popular among the college student population, particularly because of its low ticket price of $1. The Byrd Theatre named after William Byrd II, the founder of Richmond Virginia, is a cinema in the Carytown neighborhood of Richmond The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 99.
The Science Museum of Virginia, is also located on Broad Street near the Fan district. The Science Museum of Virginia is a Science museum located in Richmond Virginia. It is housed in the neoclassical Union Station, designed by Beaux-Arts-trained John Russell Pope in 1919. Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and Beaux Arts architecture denotes the academic classical Architectural style that was taught at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris. John Russell Pope ( April_24, 1874 – August 27, 1937) was an architect most known for his designs of the Jefferson Memorial Adjacent to the Science Museum is the Richmond Children's Museum, a fun-filled museum with many hands-on activities.
As the former Capital of the Confederate States of America, Richmond is home to many museums and battlefields of the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Museum of the Confederacy, located near the Virginia State Capitol and the MCV Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, is in Court End along with the Davis Mansion, also known as the White House of the Confederacy; both today feature a wide variety of objects and material from the era. The Museum of the Confederacy is located in Richmond Virginia. The Virginia State Capitol is the seat of state government in the Commonwealth of Virginia located in Richmond, the third State Capital of Virginia. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, Near the riverfront is the Tredegar Iron Works and Civil War Battlefields National Park Visitors Center. Tredegar Iron Works is an historic iron foundry in Richmond Virginia, United States of America. There is a former slave trail along the river as well. The National Park Service's Richmond Civil War Visitor Center, in the Tredegar Iron Works, has three floors of exhibits and artifacts, films, a bookstore, picnic areas and more. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Tredegar Iron Works is an historic iron foundry in Richmond Virginia, United States of America.
Other historical points of interest include St. John's Church, the site of Patrick Henry's famous, "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum, features many of his writings and other artifacts of his life, particularly when he lived in the city as a child, a student, and a successful writer. St John's is an Episcopal church located in Richmond Virginia. Patrick Henry ( May 29, 1736 June 6, 1799) was a prominent figure in the American Revolution, known and remembered for his " " Give me Liberty or give me Death! " is a famous quotation attributed to Patrick Henry from a speech made to the Virginia House of Burgesses. The Edgar Allan Poe Museum is a museum located in Richmond, Virginia, dedicated to American writer Edgar Allan Poe. The John Marshall House, the home of the former Chief Justice of the United States, is also located downtown and features many of his writings and objects from his life. John Marshall (September 24 1755 – July 6 1835 was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U Hollywood Cemetery is also the burial grounds of two U.S. Presidents as well as many other civil war officers and soldiers. This article is about the cemetery in Richmond Virginia for the cemetery in Hollywood California see Hollywood Forever Cemetery. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The home of former Confederate General Robert E. Lee still stands on Franklin Street in downtown Richmond.
The city is also home to many monuments, most notably several along Monument Avenue in the Fan District. Monument Avenue, in Richmond Virginia, memorializes Virginian native Confederate participants of the Civil War and one 20th century Richmond native The Fan is a district of Richmond Virginia, so named because of the "fan" shape of the roads that extend west from Belvidere St Other monuments of interest in the city include the A.P. Hill monument, the Bill "Bojangles" Robinson monument, the Christopher Columbus monument, and the Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. Ambrose Powell Hill (November 9 1825 &ndash April 2 1865 was a Confederate general in the American Civil War. Bill "Bojangles" Robinson ( May 25, 1878 – November 25, 1949) was a pre-eminent African-American tap dancer Christopher Columbus (1451 &ndash May 20 1506 was an Italian Navigator, colonizer
Dedicated in 1956, the Virginia War Memorial is also located on Belvedere near the riverfront, and is a monument to Virginians who died in battle in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War. The Virginia War Memorial is a memorial in Richmond, Virginia. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Located near Byrd Park is the famous World War I Memorial Carillon, a 56 bell carillon tower. A carillon (/kaʁijɔ̃/ /ˈkærɪljɒn/ or /kəˈrɪljən/ is a Musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells which are played A carillon (/kaʁijɔ̃/ /ˈkærɪljɒn/ or /kəˈrɪljən/ is a Musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells which are played
Performing arts
- Richmond Ballet - Founded in 1957. Current artistic director is Stoner Winslet.
- Richmond Symphony - Current music director is Mark Russell Smith. The Richmond Symphony Orchestra is based in Richmond Virginia.
- Richmond Virginians - Barbershop chorus founded in the 1950s (as the Tobaccoland Chorus). The Virginians (also known as the Richmond Virginians) is a barbershop chorus located in Richmond Virginia. Current music director is Mike Wallen.
- Virginia Opera - The Official Opera Company of the Commonwealth of Virginia, founded in 1974. Virginia Opera is an Opera company based in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Current artistic director is Peter Mark. Presents eight mainstage performances every year at the Landmark Theater. The Landmark Theater in Richmond, Virginia, United States is a theater at the southwest corner of Monroe Park.
- Greater Richmond Chorus - Sweet Adeline chorus. Current music director is Roger Tarpy.
- Richmond Department of Recreation and Parks presents an annual Festival of the Arts at Dogwood Dell in Byrd Park. Byrd Park is a Public park located in Richmond Virginia, USA north of the James River and adjacent to Maymont Byrd Park is a Public park located in Richmond Virginia, USA north of the James River and adjacent to Maymont
- Barksdale Theatre- Founded in 1953, originally as the Hanover Tavern. Created the nation's first dinner theatre. The Barksdale was Virginia’s first performing arts organization to open its doors to integrated audiences. Continues today as The Hanover Tavern, in Hanover Virginia, Barksdale Theatre in Richmond.
- Theatre IV- founded in 1975 by Bruce Miller and Phil Whiteway and is one of the largest running theatres in Virginia. Tours children's shows all over the country. Now a family playhouse after Bruce and Phil took over Barksdale Theatre in Willow Lawn in 2001.
- S. P. A. R. C. - School Of The Performing Arts in the Richmond Community. SPARC was founded in 1981, and trained children to become "triple threats", meaning they were equally versed in singing, acting, and dancing. SPARC has become the largest community-based theater arts education program in Virginia and it offers classes to every age group, during the summer and throughout the year.
- Recently, the Richmond Coliseum has drawn high-profile acts such as Cher, Bette Midler, Bruce Springsteen, Elton John, Keith Urban, Martina McBride, Hilary Duff, George Strait, Mary J. Blige, Nine Inch Nails, Tim McGraw and Faith Hill, Alison Krauss, Toby Keith, Dancing with the Stars, Blue Man Group, R. Kelly, My Chemical Romance and Tool. Richmond Coliseum is an Arena in Richmond Virginia, where the SPHL Richmond Renegades play Cher ( IPA: /ʃɛr/ born Cherilyn Sarkisian, May 20 1946 Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is anAmerican Singer, Actress and Comedian, also known (as her informal stage name as Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 is an English pop / rock Singer, Composer Keith Lionel Urban (born 26 October 1967 in Whangarei, New Zealand) is an Australian Grammy - and ARIA -winning Country music singer Martina McBride (born Martina Mariea Schiff, July 29, 1966 in Sharon, Kansas, USA) is an American country-pop Hilary Erhard Duff (born September 28 1987 is an American Actress, pop Singer-songwriter George Harvey Strait (born May 18, 1952) is an American Country music singer Mary Jane Blige (surname pronounced /blaɪʒ/) (born January 11, 1971) is an American Singer-songwriter, Rapper Samuel Timothy "Tim" McGraw (born May 1, 1967) is an American country Singer and actor Audrey Faith McGraw, known professionally as Faith Hill (born September 21 1967 is an American country singer known both for her commercial success Alison Krauss ( born July 23 1971 is an American bluegrass - country singer and Fiddle player Toby Keith Covel (born July 8 1961 is an American Country music singer-songwriter record producer and actor Dancing with the Stars is the name of a group of international Television series based on the format of the British series Strictly Blue Man Group ( Blue Man, BMG) is a creative organization founded by Phil Stanton Chris Wink and Matt Goldman it is centered on a trio of mute performers called Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967) better known by his Stage name R My Chemical Romance (often shortened to MCR or' My Chem') is an American alternative / post-hardcore quintet that formed in 2001 A broader definition of a tool is an entity used to interface between two or more domains that facilitates more effective action of one domain upon the other
- Richmond CenterStage, a new performing arts center planned to open in Downtown Richmond in 2009. The complex will reportedly include a renovation of the Carpenter Center and construction of a new multipurpose hall, community playhouse, and arts education center in parts of the old Thalhimers department store.
- Classic Amphitheatre at Strawberry Hill, the former summer concert venue located at Richmond International Raceway. The Classic Amphitheatre at Strawberry Hill is a 10000-seat outdoor concert venue in Richmond Virginia that presented a summer-long concert series of major music acts from Richmond International Raceway (RIR is a 3/4-mile (12 km D-shaped asphalt race track located just outside Richmond Virginia in Henrico County. Full season schedules from 1993-1998 are listed.
- Theatre IV - the Children's Theatre of Virginia offers year-round live performances for families, geared for ages four and up.
- A local franchise of ComedySportz in the West End just outside the city in Henrico county. ComedySportz is an Improvisational comedy organization started in 1984 in Milwaukee Wisconsin, by Dick Chudnow.
Sports
Richmond does not have any major league professional sports teams. However, there are several minor league teams. The city's professional baseball team is the Richmond Braves, a AAA minor league baseball team (the farm team of the Atlanta Braves). The Richmond Braves were the AAA Minor league baseball affiliate of the Atlanta Braves and played in the International League. Part of the History of baseball series Minor league baseball is a hierarchy of Professional baseball leagues in North The Braves currently play at The Diamond through the 2008 season, although they recently announced plans to move to Gwinnett County, Georgia at the start of the 2009 season. The Diamond, a stadium located in Richmond Virginia, USA on Boulevard, is the home of the Virginia Commonwealth University Baseball team Gwinnett County is a County located in the US state of Georgia. [60]
The Richmond Lions, a USA Rugby Division 2 rugby union team, play at Dorey Park. USA Rugby is the national governing body for the sport of Rugby union in the United States of America. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short The Richmond Kickers, a United Soccer Leagues Second Division soccer team, and the 2007 Colonial Athletic Association Champions, Richmond Spider football team play at the University of Richmond Stadium. Richmond Kickers is an American professional Soccer team founded in 1993 History In 1995 the USISL split into two leagues one professional and one amateur The University of Richmond Stadium is used by the Richmond Kickers for Soccer and the University of Richmond for American football.
The Richmond Coliseum, a 13,000 plus seat multi-purpose arena in downtown Richmond, is the home of a large number of sporting events, concerts, festivals, and trade shows and is also home to the Richmond Renegades of the Southern Professional Hockey League. Richmond Coliseum is an Arena in Richmond Virginia, where the SPHL Richmond Renegades play The Richmond Renegades are a SPHL Ice hockey team in Richmond Virginia. The Colonial Athletic Association has hosted its annual men's basketball tournament at the Coliseum since 1990. The Colonial Athletic Association, also known as the CAA, is a NCAA Division I college athletic conference whose members are located in East The Coliseum has played host as a NCAA men's basketball tournament site and in 1994 played host to the women's basketball Final Four. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations The NCAA Women's Division I Championship is an annual Basketball tournament for women In December 2006, WWE's Armageddon Live Pay-Per-View was held at the Coliseum.
Th Stuart C. Siegel Center, on the campus of Virginia Commonwealth University in downtown Richmond, is the 7,500 plus seat home multi-purpose arena of the Virginia Commonwealth University Rams. Stuart C Siegel Center is a 190000 square foot multi-purpose facility on the campus of Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond Virginia. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, The Virginia Commonwealth University Rams are the athletic teams of Virginia Commonwealth University. The area also plays host to concerts and local and state high school basketball games and tournaments as well as several high school graduations in the surrounding area.
The Robins Center, a 9,071-seat multi-purpose arena, is home to the University of Richmond Spiders basketball. The Robins Center is a 9071-seat multi-purpose Arena in Richmond Virginia.
Auto racing is also very popular in the area, and the Richmond International Raceway also hosts two annual NASCAR Nextel Cup races, the Suntrust Indy Challenge, as well as the Virginia State Fair and other community and sporting events. Richmond International Raceway (RIR is a 3/4-mile (12 km D-shaped asphalt race track located just outside Richmond Virginia in Henrico County. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. The Virginia State Fair is held annually at the end of September at the former State Fairgrounds (now known as The Richmond International Raceway Complex located in eastern Henrico Southside Speedway also sits just southwest of Richmond in Chesterfield County, and is a . History Southside Speedway which used to be known as Royall Speedway in the early 50'sfirst opened on July 11th 1959 with Modifieds as the feature division 33 mile oval short-track that features weekly stock car racing on Friday nights. Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of current NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin. Richard Lee Petty (born July 2, 1937) is a former NASCAR driver who raced in the Strictly Stock/Grand National Era and the Winston Cup Series Robert Arthur Allison (born December 3, 1937 in Hialeah Florida) is a former NASCAR Winston Cup driver and was named one of NASCAR's Darrell Lee Waltrip (born February 5, 1947 in Owensboro Kentucky) is a three-time former NASCAR Winston Cup champion the 1989 Daytona James Dennis Alan Hamlin Jr (born November 18, 1980 in Chesterfield Virginia) is an American race car driver. Richmond was considered as one of the possible resting places for the future NASCAR Hall of Fame, but it was ultimately awarded to Charlotte, North Carolina. The NASCAR Hall of Fame will honor drivers who have shown exceptional skill at NASCAR driving all-time great crew chiefs and owners and other major contributors to the sport
Colonial Downs is a horse racing track in New Kent, Virginia adjacent to Interstate 64, approximately 20 miles (32 km) east of Richmond's city limits. History and information The track opened on September 1, 1997. The track plays host to the Virginia Derby each July.
Richmond has played host to the Xterra (off-road triathlon) East Championship since 2000. Mountain bikers and Triathletes alike revel in the incredible trail system of the James River Park. Each June the best off-road Triathletes in the world converge on Richmond for the Xterra East Regional Championship bringing with them the Xterra Triathlon festival, including family events, athletic competitions, and a twilight concert.
Richmond is also the home of the River City Rollergirls, a rookie league for the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA),and of Richmond Lucha Libre, a popular local independent wrestling group. This is a list of Roller derby leagues Any league for which a can be found to confirm it ever having existed is eligible for inclusion
WWE Women's Champion Mickie James resides in Richmond, Virginia. This article is about the championship that is currently defended on the Raw brand of WWE
Richmond also has a few famous paintball teams as well. The most well known paintball teams are Richmond Aftermath and Richmond Riot.
Parks and outdoor recreation
The city operates one of the oldest municipal park systems in the country. The Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden (30 acres is a Botanical garden located at 1800 Lakeside Avenue on the North Side of Richmond Virginia. The park system began when the city council voted in 1851 to acquire 7. 5 acres (3 hectares), now known as Monroe Park. Today, Monroe Park sits adjacent to the Virginia Commonwealth University campus and is one of more than 40 parks comprising a total of more than 1,500 acres (610 hectares). Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond,
Several parks are located along the James River, and the James River Parks System offers bike trails, hiking and nature trails, and many scenic overlooks along the river's route through the city. The mountain bike trail system in James River and Forest Hill parks is considered by professional riders to be one of the best urban trail systems in the country. The trails are used as part of the Xterra East Championship course for both the running and mountain biking portions of the off-road triathlon.
There are also parks on two major islands in the river: Belle Isle and Brown's Island. Belle Isle is a small (54 acre island in the James River in Richmond Virginia in the United States. Belle Isle, at various former times a Powhatan fishing village, colonial-era horse race track, and Civil War prison camp, is the larger of the two, and contains many bike trails as well as a small cliff that is used for rock climbing instruction. Rock climbing is a Sport in which participants climb up or across natural rock formations or man-made rock walls with the goal of reaching the One can walk the island and still see many of the remains of the Civil War prison camp, such as an arms storage room and a gun emplacement that was used to quell prisoner riots. Brown's Island is a smaller island and a popular venue of a large number of free outdoor concerts and festivals in the spring and summer, such as the weekly Friday Cheers concert series or the James River Beer and Seafood Festival.
Two other major parks in the city are Byrd Park and Maymont, located near the fan district of Richmond. Byrd Park is a Public park located in Richmond Virginia, USA north of the James River and adjacent to Maymont History Habitats Horticulture Maymont is a 100 acre (400000 m² Victorian estate located at 2201 Shields Lake Drive Richmond Virginia. Byrd Park features a one mile (1. 6 km) running track, with exercise stops, a public dog park, and a number of small lakes for small boats, as well as two monuments and an amphitheatre. This article is about the exercise area for dogs there is also a Dog Park (movie. A boat is a Watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water and provide transport over it Prominently featured in the park is the World War I Memorial Carillon, built in 1926 as a memorial to those that died in the war. A carillon (/kaʁijɔ̃/ /ˈkærɪljɒn/ or /kəˈrɪljən/ is a Musical instrument consisting of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells which are played Maymont, located adjacent to Byrd Park, is a 100 acre (40-hectare) Victorian estate with a museum, formal gardens, native wildlife exhibits, nature center, carriage collection, and children's farm. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the A garden is a planned space usually outdoors set aside for the display cultivation and enjoyment of Plants and other forms of Nature. A carriage is a wheeled vehicle for people usually horse-drawn Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden is also located in the city. Major Lewis Ginter ( 1824 - October 1, 1897) was a prominent businessman army officer and philanthropist in Richmond Virginia Of Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes
Other parks in the city include Joseph Bryan Park Azalea Garden, Forest Hill Park (former site of the Forest Hill Amusement Park), Chimborazo Park (site of the National Battlefield Headquarters), among others. The Joseph Bryan Park Azalea Garden (17 acres is a Botanical garden specializing in Azaleas located within Joseph Bryan Park (262 acres located on Bryan
Several theme parks are also located near the city, including Kings Dominion to the north, and Busch Gardens to the east, near Williamsburg. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group Kings Dominion is a amusement park located in Doswell in Hanover County 23 miles (37 km north of Richmond Virginia and 83 miles (134 km south of Busch Gardens is the name of two Amusement parks in the United States, and a planned amusement park in Dubai, owned and operated by Busch Entertainment Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia UK-based Diggerland will soon begin construction of a construction-themed park planned to open in 2007. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Diggerland is the name of four Theme parks in England based around the theme of diggers and JCBs Diggerland is owned by the excavator hire firm [61]
Media and popular culture
The Richmond Times-Dispatch is the local daily newspaper in Richmond, with a Sunday circulation of 215,000. According to nielsonmediacom statistics for 2005-2006 the Richmond Virginia market area is the 60th largest Designated Market Area in the United States with 510770 households The Richmond Times-Dispatch ( RTD or TD for short is the primary daily Newspaper in Richmond Virginia A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Style Weekly is an alternative weekly publication covering popular culture, arts, and entertainment. Style Weekly is an alternative weekly Newspaper published in Richmond Virginia, United States. City Edition is a weekly news magazine distributed throughout Richmond that focuses on city government and civic life in the city. Richmond Magazine is the city's monthly magazine. The Richmond Free Press and the Voice cover the news from an American perspective. Spanish-language publications in the city include the magazine La Voz Hispana de Virginia and the newspaper, Centro. La Voz Hispana de Virginia magazine is the only Hispanic magazine in the U
The Richmond metro area is served by many local television and radio stations. The Richmond-Petersburg designated market area (DMA) is the 61st largest in the U. A media market, broadcast market, media region, designated market area, DMA or simply market is a region where the Population S. with 517,800 homes (0. 46% of the total U. S. ). [62] The major network television affiliates are WTVR-TV 6 (CBS), WRIC-TV 8 (ABC), WWBT 12 (NBC), WRLH 35 (FOX), and WUPV 65 (CW). WTVR-TV ( CBS 6) is a CBS television affiliate based in Richmond Virginia owned by Raycom Media. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. WRIC-TV is the ABC affiliate for the Richmond Virginia television market The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. WWBT, also known locally as NBC12 is a Television station on VHF channel 12 in Richmond Virginia. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's WRLH may refer to WRLH-TV, a television station in Richmond Virginia Tanah Grogot Airport in Tanah Grogot, Indonesia WUPV, known on air as CW Richmond, is a CW television affiliate servicing the Richmond Virginia television market and licensed to the nearby Public Broadcasting Service stations include WCVE-TV 23 and WCVW 57. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the WCVE-TV is a public television station licensed to Richmond Virginia. WCVE-TV is a public television station licensed to Richmond Virginia. There are also a wide variety of radio stations in the Richmond area, catering to many different interests, including news, talk radio, and sports, as well as an eclectic mix of musical interests. News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth Talk radio is a Radio format containing discussion about topical issues Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time.
Cited in a 2008 report by the Project for Excellence in Journalism as having one of the highly developed community of citizen journalism sites in the country, Richmond boasts a thriving collection of hyperlocal news sites including Church Hill People's News, RVA News, RVA Blogs, Hills and Heights, River District News, and several others.
Many films and television shows have been filmed, in whole or in part, in Richmond, including Finnegan Begin Again, Hannibal, The Jackal, Hearts in Atlantis, The Contender, Shadow Conspiracy, Evan Almighty, and Iron Jawed Angels. A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U Hannibal is a 2001 Thriller film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from the Thomas Harris novel of the same name. "The Jackal" redirects here For other uses see Jackal (disambiguation The Jackal is a 1997 Suspense Hearts in Atlantis is a 2001 Film directed by Scott Hicks. It is loosely adapted from Stephen King 's novella "Low Men in Yellow The Contender ( 2000) is a political thriller starring Gary Oldman, Joan Allen, Jeff Bridges and Christian Slater. Shadow Conspiracy is a 1997 political Thriller film starring Charlie Sheen and Linda Hamilton. Evan Almighty is a 2007 Comedy film, and sequel to the 2003 film Bruce Almighty. Iron Jawed Angels is a 2004 film about the American Women's suffrage movement during the early 1900s [63] Richmond's elite society has also been portrayed in various popular culture references, such as in 1920s novels by Ellen Glasgow and James Branch Cabell, or the 1990s television sitcom A Different World, which featured the character Whitley Gilbert, an obnoxious and wealthy African American debutante. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow ( April 22, 1873 - November 21, 1945) was a Pulitzer Prize winning American Novelist James Branch Cabell ( April 14, 1879 - May 5, 1958) was an American Author of Fantasy fiction and Belles Whitley Marion Gilbert-Wayne is a Fictional character from the 1980 's Black sitcom A Different World, a spinoff from The African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa A debutante ( deb or presentation ball (from the French débutante, "female beginner" is a young lady from an aristocratic or [64]
Several rock bands were also formed in Richmond, including GWAR, Carbon Leaf, and Lamb of God. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. GWAR is Carbon Leaf is a five-piece pop rock band from Richmond Virginia. Lamb of God is an American heavy metal band formed in 1990 in Richmond The city is considered a hotbed of underground music, especially in the punk and heavy metal genres. The Dave Matthews Band is also often mistakenly associated with the city, as it was actually formed in Charlottesville, Virginia, about 65 miles (105 km) to the west. Dave Matthews Band (also known by the initials DMB) is a United States -based rock band originally formed in Charlottesville, Virginia Charlottesville is an Independent city located within the confines of Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States
Religion
Richmond has several historic churches. Because of its early English colonial history from the early 1600s to 1776, Richmond has a number of prominent Anglican/Episcopal churches including Monumental Church, St. Paul's Episcopal Church and St. John's Episcopal Church. Monumental Church is an Episcopal Church that stands at 1224 E St Paul's Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal Church in Richmond Virginia. St John's is an Episcopal church located in Richmond Virginia. Methodists and Baptists made up another section of early churches, and First Baptist Church of Richmond was the first of these, established in 1780. First Baptist Church is an historic Baptist Church in Richmond Virginia. In the Reformed church tradition, the first Presbyterian Church in the City of Richmond was First Presbyterian Church, organized on June 18, 1812. The Reformed churches are a group of Christian Protestant Denominations formally characterized by a similar Calvinist system of doctrine historically Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year On February 5, 1845, Second Presbyterian Church of Richmond was founded, which was a historic church where Stonewall Jackson attended and was the first Gothic building and the first gas-lit church to be built in Richmond. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. Gas lighting refers to a technology used to produce light from gas usually methane but also including hydrogen and ethylene [65]
Due to the influx of German immigrants in the 1840s, Saint Johns German Evangelical church was formed in 1843. St John's is an Episcopal church located in Richmond Virginia. Saints Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox Cathedral held its first worship service in a rented room at 309 North 7th Street in 1917. The cathedral relocated to 30 Malvern Avenue in 1960 and is noted as one of two Eastern Orthodox churches in Richmond and home to the annual Richmond Greek Festival. There are two other Orthodox churches in the immediate Metropolitan area.
The first Jewish congregation in Richmond was Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom was the sixth congregation in the United States and was the westernmost in the United States at the time of its foundation. By 1822 K. K. Beth Shalom members worshipped in the first synagogue building in Virginia. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of They eventually merged with Congregation Beth Ahabah, an offshoot of Beth Shalom. There are three Orthodox Synagogues, Congregation Kol Emes, Keneseth Beth Israel, and Chabad of the Virginias[66]. Congregation Kol Emes (קהילת קול אמת ד'ריטשמאנד ("Kol Emes" means "voice truth" in Hebrew) also known as Young Israel of Richmond There is an Orthodox Yeshivah K-12 school system known as Rudlin Torah academy. Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n There are two Conservative synagogues, Beth El and Or Atid. There are two Reform synagogues, Beth Ahabah and Or Ami. Along with such religious congregations, there are a variety of other Jewish charitable, educational and social service institutions, each serving the Jewish and general communities. These include the Weinstein Jewish Community Center, Jewish Family Services, Jewish Community Federation of Richmond and Richmond Jewish Foundation. Richmond Jewish Foundation is a charity based in Richmond Virginia
There are several seminaries in Richmond. A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in Higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students Three of these have banded together to become the Richmond Theological Consortium. Richmond Theological Consortium is a group of theological schools in the Richmond Virginia area that cooperates and shares resources This consortium consists of a theology school at Virginia Union University, a Presbyterian seminary called Union PSCE , and a Baptist seminary known as Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond. A consortium is an association of two or more individuals companies organizations or governments (or any combination of these entities with the objective of participating Virginia Union University (VUU is a historically black university located in Richmond Virginia. Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education ( Union-PSCE) located on the near north side of the city of Richmond Virginia, is a Theological Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond (BTSR is a Seminary in Richmond Virginia.
Two bishops sit in Richmond, those of the Episcopal Diocese of Virginia (the denomination's largest) and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond, which encompasses all of central and southern Virginia and its eastern shore. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond is an ecclesiastical and episcopal see or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. The Eastern Shore of Virginia consists of two Counties ( Accomack and Northampton) on the Atlantic coast of the Commonwealth of The Presbytery of the James -- Presbyterian Church (USA) -- also is based in the Richmond area.
There are five masjids in the Greater Richmond area, accommodating the Muslim population. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger They are Islamic Center of Virginia (ICVA) in the south side, Islamic Society of Greater Richmond (ISGR) in the west end, Masjidullah in the north side, Masjid Bilal near downtown, and Masjid Ar-Rahman in the east end. [67]
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was penned in Richmond by Thomas Jefferson. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was written in 1779 by Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence
Government
- See also: List of mayors of Richmond, Virginia
Richmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council representative each to serve a two-year term. Beginning with the November 2008 election Council terms will be lengthened to 4 years. The city council elects from among its members one member to serve as Council President and one to serve as Council Vice President. The city council meets at City Hall (900 E. Broad St. , 2nd Floor) on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August.
In 1977, a federal district court ruled in favor of Curtis Holt Jr. who had claimed the councils existing election process - an at large voting system - was racially biased. Curtis J Holt Sr was a social activist who challenged the imposition of a moral code through subsidies and other forms of state funding The verdict required the city to rebuild its council into 9 distinct wards. Within the year the city council switched from majority white to majority black (a reflection of the city's populace). This new city council elected Richmond's first black mayor, Henry L. Marsh. Civil rights attorney Henry L Marsh III was born December 10 1933, in Richmond Virginia.
Richmond's government changed in 2004 from a council-manager form of government to an at-large, popularly elected Mayor. In the council-manager form of government an elected city council (typically between five and 11 people is responsible for making Policy, passing Ordinances voting Appropriations A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government In a landslide election, incumbent mayor Rudy McCollum was defeated by L. Douglas Wilder, who previously served Virginia as the first elected African American governor in the United States since Reconstruction. Lawrence Douglas Wilder (born January 17, 1931) is an American Politician and was the first African American to be elected The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government The Mayor is not a part of the Richmond City Council.
As of January, 2007, the Richmond City Council consists of: William (Bill) J. Pantele, 2nd District, President of Council; Rev. Delores L. McQuinn, 7th District, Vice-President of Council; Bruce Tyler, 1st District; Chris A. Hilbert, 3rd District; Kathy C. Graziano, 4th District; E. Martin (Marty) Jewell, 5th District; Ellen F. Robertson, 6th District; Reva M. Trammell, 8th District; and Douglas Conner Jr. , 9th District
Education
- See also: Richmond Public Schools
The city of Richmond operates 31 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, with a cosmopolitan student population of 25,000 students. This School division contains Public schools serving the Independent city of Richmond Virginia.
There are also many private, college preparatory schools in Richmond. Several of these, such as St. Christopher's School, St. Catherine's School, Collegiate School and the Steward School, which offer a full K-12 education. For other schools of the same name see St Catherine's School. Collegiate School is a preparatory school for boys and girls located in Richmond Virginia. Founded in 1972, The Steward School is a private Day school in the Suburbs of Richmond Virginia. Other area prep schools include Benedictine High School, Trinity Episcopal School, and St. Benedictine High School may refer to Benedictine High School (Detroit Michigan, US Benedictine High School (Cleveland Ohio, US Gertrude High School. Richmond is also home to the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School, an esteemed public regional magnet high school. The Maggie L Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies (MLWGSGIS is a public regional magnet high school in Richmond, Virginia
The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including the University of Richmond (private), Virginia Commonwealth University (public), Virginia Union University (private), and the Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education (private). The University of Richmond is a private nonsectarian liberal arts university located on the border of the city of Richmond and Henrico County, Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, Virginia Union University (VUU is a historically black university located in Richmond Virginia. Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education ( Union-PSCE) located on the near north side of the city of Richmond Virginia, is a Theological Several community colleges are found in the metro area, including J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College and John Tyler Community College (Chesterfield County). J Sargeant Reynolds Community College (JSRCC is a Community college serving not only Richmond, Virginia, but Goochland County, Hanover John Tyler Community College (JTCC is a public two-year Community college in Virginia open since 1967. Chesterfield County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. In addition, there are several Technical Colleges in Richmond including, ITT Technical Institute, ECPI College of Technology and Beta Tech. ECPI College of Technology is a private for-profit college that serves students in North Carolina and South Carolina and Virginia through online and on-campus classes
Virginia State University is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of Richmond, in the suburb of Ettrick, just outside of Petersburg, and Randolph-Macon College is located about 15 miles (24 km) north of Richmond, in the incorporated town of Ashland. For the previously named Virginia State University see Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Ettrick is a Census-designated place (CDP in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States. Petersburg is an Independent city in Virginia, United States located on the Appomattox River. Randolph-Macon College is a private co-educational liberal arts college located in Ashland, Virginia, near the capital city of Richmond Ashland is a town located just north of Richmond in Hanover County, Virginia.
Infrastructure
Transportation
The Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Transportation in Richmond Virginia and its immediate surroundings include land sea and air modes Richmond International Airport is a public Airport located in Sandston, Virginia, an Unincorporated community An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many The ICAO (ˌaɪˌkeɪˈoʊ Airport code or location indicator is a four-letter Alphanumeric Code designating each airport around Sandston is an unincorporated community in Henrico County, Virginia, United States, near the state capital Richmond. Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over 200 daily flights provide non-stop service to major destination markets and connecting flights to destinations worldwide. A record 3. 3 million passengers used Richmond International Airport in 2006, a 13% increase over 2005.
Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound Lines. Greyhound Lines is an intercity Common carrier of passengers by Bus serving over 3700 destinations in the United States. Local transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). Paratransit is an alternative mode of flexible passenger transportation that does not follow fixed routes or schedules Henrico (hɛnˈraɪkoʊ is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. Chesterfield County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. The Greater Richmond Transit Company, known locally as GRTC, is a local government-owned Public service company which operates an Urban-suburban bus line The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield County have no public transportation despite dense housing, retail, and office development. Recent statistics in the Richmond Times-Dispatch have shown that the vast majority of GRTC riders ride the bus because they do not own a car and have no other choice.
Richmond also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond from Washington, DC, Philadelphia, and New York. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The City of New York The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. The Richmond Staples Mill Road Amtrak station lies about 5 miles (8 km north of downtown Richmond Virginia. Raleigh (pronounced rah-lee) is the Capital of the State of North Carolina and the county seat of Wake County, USA Durham is a city in the US state of North Carolina. It is the County seat of Durham County Savannah is a city located in the state of Georgia, United States. Newport News is an Independent city in Virginia. It is at the south-western end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the north shore of the James River Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The historic and recently renovated Main Street Station near downtown Richmond only receives trains bound for Newport News and Williamsburg at this time, due to its track layout. History Richmond's Main Street Station in the downtown area was built in 1901 by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad (SAL and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Newport News is an Independent city in Virginia. It is at the south-western end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the north shore of the James River Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more service overall.
Richmond also benefits from an excellent position in reference to the state's transportation network, lying at the junction of east-west Interstate 64 and north-south Interstate 95, two of the most heavily traveled highways in the state, as well as along several major rail lines. Interstate 64 (abbreviated I-64) is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. In the Commonwealth of Virginia, Interstate 95 runs through the state Other major highways passing through Richmond include U. S. Routes 1, 33, 60, 250, 301 and 360. US Route 1 (US 1 is a major north-south US Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. United States Highway 33 is a United States highway that runs northwest-southeast for 709 miles (1141 km from northern Indiana to Richmond Virginia US Route 60 in Virginia runs 312 miles west to east through the central part of the state generally close to and paralleling the Interstate 64 corridor US Route 250 is a spur of US Highway 50. It currently runs for 514 miles (827 km from Richmond Virginia to Sandusky Ohio. US Route 301 is a spur of US Route 1 running through the South Atlantic States. US Route 360 is a spur of US Route 60 in the US state of Virginia.
Utilities
Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. Electric power is defined as the rate at which Electrical energy is transferred by an Electric circuit. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry Nuclear Generating Station, as well as a coal-fired station in Chester, Virginia. The North Anna Nuclear power plant is on a 1075 acre (44 km² site in Louisa County Virginia. The Surry Nuclear power plant is located in Surry County in southeastern Virginia Chester is a Census-designated place (CDP in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States. These three plants provide a total of 4,453 megawatts of power. The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during times of peak demand. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, These include a facility in Chester, in Surry, and two plants in Richmond (Gravel Neck and Darbytown). Chester is a Census-designated place (CDP in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States. Surry (formerly Cross Roads, McIntosh's Cross Roads, McIntoshs Cross Roads, Scuffletown, Smithville, Surry Court House, [68]
Water is provided by the city's Department of Public Utilities, and is one of the largest water producers in Virginia, with a modern plant that can treat up to 132 million gallons of water a day from the James River. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The James River in the US state of Virginia is a long River, including its Jackson River source [69]
Wastewater: The treatment plant and distribution system of water mains, pumping stations and storage facilities provide water to approximately 62,000 customers in the city. Distinguish from Wastwater (a lake in the Lake District in northwest England The facility also provides water to the surrounding area through wholesale contracts with Henrico, Chesterfield, and Hanover counties. Henrico (hɛnˈraɪkoʊ is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. Chesterfield County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. Hanover County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Overall, this results in a facility that provides water for approximately 500,000 people. There is also a wastewater treatment plant located on the south bank of the James River. This plant can treat up to 70 million gallons of water per day of sanitary sewage and stormwater before returning it to the river. The wastewater utility also operates and maintains 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of sanitary sewer, pumping stations, 38 miles (61 km) of intercepting sewer lines, and the Shockoe Retention Basin, a 44-million-gallon stormwater reservoir used during heavy rains.
Sister cities
Richmond has six sister cities, as designated by the Sister Cities International, Inc. :[70]
Olsztyn (Poland)
Richmond (United Kingdom)
Saitama (Japan)
Uijongbu (South Korea)
Windhoek (Namibia)
Zhengzhou (China)
See also
References
- ^ a b American FactFinder. Olsztyn (Allenstein Olštynas Old Prussian: Alnāsteini) is a City in northeastern Poland, on the River Łyna. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Richmond is a town and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located is the capital and the most populous city of Saitama Prefecture in Japan, situated in the south-east of the prefecture For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Uijeongbu (ɰidʑʌŋbu is a city in Gyeonggi Province South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast Zhengzhou ( formerly called Zhengxian is a Prefecture-level city, and the capital of Henan province, People's Republic of China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The people listed below were born in residents of or otherwise closely associated New South or New South Creed is a phrase that has been used intermittently since the American Civil War to describe the American South, in whole or in part United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ "History of Jamestown. " APVA Preservation Virginia. 1997, 2000. Retrieved on July 9, 2007. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b c d "Richmond, Virginia. " Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved on July 9, 2007. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b c "Government & History of Richmond. " City of Richmond. Retrieved on July 9, 2007. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
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- ^ Morrissey, Brendan. "Yorktown 1781: The World Turned Upside Down. " Published 1997, Osprey Publishing, pp. 14-16.
- ^ Peterson, Merrill D. ; Vaughan, Robert C. "The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom: Its Evolution and Consequences in American History. " Published 1988, Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Jefferson & The Capital Of Virginia. " An Exhibition at the Library of Virginia; January 7 – June 15, 2002. Library of Virginia in Richmond Virginia, is the Library agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia, its archival agency and the reference library at the Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Dunaway, Wayland F. "History of the James River and Kanawha Company. " Published 1922, Columbia University. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b "MULTIMEDIA TOUR: Canal Walk. " Discover Richmond. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Switala, William J. "The Underground Railroad in Pennsylvania. " Published 2001, Stackpole Books. pp. 1-4.
- ^ "Capital Cities of the Confederacy. " Civil War Preservation Trust. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Time-Life Books. "The Blockade: Runners and Raiders. " Published 1983, Time-Life, Inc. ISBN 0809447096
- ^ a b Hansen, Harry. "The Civil War: A History. " Published 2002, Signet Classic. ISBN 0451528492
- ^ Edwards, Kathy; Howard, Esme Joy; Prawl, Tony. "Monument Avenue: history and architecture. " Published 1992, United States Department of the Interior. The United States Department of the Interior ( DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally
- ^ Smil, Vaclav. "Creating the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations of 1867-1914 and Their Lasting Impact. " Published 2005, Oxford University Press, p. 94. ISBN 0195168747
- ^ Harwood, Jr. , Herbert H. "Baltimore Streetcars: The Postwar Years. " Published 2003, Johns Hopkins University Press, p. vii. ISBN 0801871905
- ^ a b Gibson, Campbell. "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990. " United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census June, 1998. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Felder, Deborah G. "A Century of Women: The Most Influential Events in Twentieth-Century Women's History. " Published 1999, Citadel Press, p. 338. ISBN 1559724854
- ^ Chesson, Michael B. "Richmond After the War, 1865 to 1890. " Published 1981, Virginia State Library, p. 177.
- ^ "Richmond Federal Reserve Bank History. " RichmondFed.org. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Mollenkamp et al. "The People Vs. Big Tobacco: How the States Took on the Cigarette Giants. " Published 1998, Bloomberg Press, p. 151. ISBN 1576600572
- ^ Tyler-McGraw, Marie. "At the Falls: Richmond, Virginia, and Its People. " Published 1994, UNC Press, p. 257. ISBN 0807844764
- ^ Staff Writer. "Richmond's Landmark Theater. " Virginia.Org. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Renouf, Norman; Renouf, Kathy. "Romantic Weekends. " Published 1999, Hunter Publishing, Inc. p. 42. ISBN 1556508352
- ^ Trader, Carly. "A Grand Old House. " Inside Richmond. September 15, 1992. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Niven, David. "The Moon's a Balloon. " Published 1972, Putnam Publishing. ISBN 0399105573
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- ^ "About VCU. " Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, or VCU, is a large public American research University with its main campuses located in downtown Richmond, Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "City of Richmond v. United States, 422 U.S. 358. " 1975. United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "The Diamond. " Richmond Metropolitan Authority. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Ward, Mike. "6th Street to be torn down?" richmond.com. September 26, 2001. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "River District History. " Richmond River District. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Edds, Margaret; Little, Robert. "Why Richmond voted to Honor Arthur Ashe on Monument Avenue. The Final, Compelling Argument for Supporters: A Street Reserved for Confederate Heroes had no Place in this City. " The Virginian-Pilot. The Virginian-Pilot is a daily Newspaper based in Norfolk Virginia and serving southeastern Virginia, Virginia's Eastern Shore July 19, 1995. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Staff Writer. "Arthur Ashe Statue Set Up in Richmond at Last. " New York Times. July 5, 1996. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Philips, Matthew. "Riverside on the James adds 230,000 sq ft (21,000 m²). of high-end office space to Downtown Richmond. " June 9, 2005. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Crocker, Robb. "Gaston Aftermath. " September 2, 2004. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ "The Richmond-Petersburg MSA at a Glance. " Richmond Regional Planning District Commission. January 2006. Retrieved on July 12, 2007. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Population Estimates for Metropolitan, Micropolitan, and Combined Statistical Areas Population Estimates for Metropolitan, Micropolitan, and Combined Statistical Areas. " United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on July 12, 2007. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b c d e "Neighborhood Guide. " City of Richmond. Retrieved on July 12, 2007. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation Information from The Weather Channel. " Retrieved on July 11, 2007. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Quick Data View Richmond. " National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the 1971-2000.
- ^ 2006 Population Estimate. U.S. Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on July 10, 2007. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "2000 Census Reports. " City of Richmond. 2000. Retrieved on February 22, 2007. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Taylor, P. J. "The GaWC Inventory of World Cities. " Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network. Accessed on May 31, 2006. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ The Top 5. Creativity. Creativity is a monthly Magazine covering all things creative in Advertising and Design. March, 2005.
- ^ FORTUNE 500 2006: States: Virginia. Money (2006). Money is a Time Inc Personal finance magazine Its first issue was published in October 1972 Retrieved on 2007-11-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal
- ^ Jones, Will. "Arts Foundation Misstated Salary. " "Richmond Times-Dispatch. The Richmond Times-Dispatch ( RTD or TD for short is the primary daily Newspaper in Richmond Virginia " June 22, 2007. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on July 18, 2007. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Richmond CenterStage performing arts center. " Richmond Times-Dispatch. The Richmond Times-Dispatch ( RTD or TD for short is the primary daily Newspaper in Richmond Virginia January 13, 2007. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on February 22, 2007. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Jones, Will. "Showtime's set. " "Richmond Times-Dispatch. The Richmond Times-Dispatch ( RTD or TD for short is the primary daily Newspaper in Richmond Virginia " January 14, 2007. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on February 22, 2007. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Bass, Scott. "The Untold Story of Richmond's Arts Center. " "Style Weekly. Style Weekly is an alternative weekly Newspaper published in Richmond Virginia, United States. " June 8, 2005. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on July 18, 2007. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Harrison, Don. "Centerstage on Paper. " "Saverichmond. com. " June 26, 2007. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on July 18, 2007. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Harrison, Don. "The Missing Notes. " "Style Weekly. Style Weekly is an alternative weekly Newspaper published in Richmond Virginia, United States. " January 10, 2007. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on July 18, 2007. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ O'Dell, Larry. "MeadWestvaco to Move Headquarters to Virginia. " ABC News. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American February 15, 2006. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Blackwell, John Reid. "Big plans in store for Foundry Park. " "Richmond Times-Dispatch. The Richmond Times-Dispatch ( RTD or TD for short is the primary daily Newspaper in Richmond Virginia " December 17, 2006. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Top-ranked Graduate and First Professional Programs. " U.S. News & World Report. USNews & World Report is an influential weekly American Newsmagazine published in Washington D March 31, 2006. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on February 22, 2007. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Bowman, Mark. "Braves moving Triple-A team in '09. " MLB.com. January 15, 2008. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on January 27, 2008. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ "Diggerland Take to the Beach at Eastbourne. " Eastbourne. July 10, 2006. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on February 22, 2007. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Holmes, Gary. "Nielsen Reports 1.1% increase in U.S. Television Households for the 2006-2007 Season. " Nielsen Media Research. Nielsen Media Research ( NMR) is an American firm that measures media Audiences including Television, Radio September 23, 2006. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on September 28, 2007. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Titles with locations including Richmond, Virginia, USA. " IMDB. Retrieved on September 28, 2007. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "A Different World. " IMDB. Retrieved on September 28, 2007. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "History of Second Presbyterian Church, Richmond. " Second Presbyterian Church.
- ^ Chabad of the Virginias
- ^ "History of Local Masajid. " Islamic Society of Greater Richmond. February, 2006. Retrieved on February 22, 2007. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Dominion Virginia Power Website.
- ^ City of Richmond, Department of Public Utilities
- ^ Sister Cities information obtained from the Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI). " Retrieved on February 22, 2006. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
External links
- Official Government Website
- Richmond Region Tourism Website
- Greater Richmond Convention Center
- Richmond, Virginia, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
- Richmond Chamber of Commerce
- Richmond.Com
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