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For other people with a similar name, see Richard Clark (disambiguation) and Dick Clark. Richard Clark may refer to Richard Clark (dermatologist, dermatologist Richard Clark (pharmacologist, president of Merck Richard Wagstaff "Dick" Clark (born November 30, 1929) is an American Television, Radio personality, Game show host
Richard A. Clarke

Born1951

Richard Alan Clarke[1] (born 1951) was a U.S. government employee for 30 years, 1973 - 2003. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. He worked for the State Department during the presidency of Ronald Reagan. [2] Following the presidency of George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton promoted Clarke to be the chief counter-terrorism adviser on the U.S. National Security Council. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States The White House National Security Council ( NSC) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President for considering National Under President George W. Bush Clarke no longer had cabinet-level access, but continued in the same position until his retirement in January 2003, serving as a member of the Senior Executive Service, specializing in intelligence, cyber security and counter-terrorism. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The Senior Executive Service (SES is a paygrade in the Civil service of the United States federal government, somewhat analogous to the ranks of general Intelligence (also called intellect) is an Umbrella term used to describe a property of the Mind that encompasses many related abilities such as the capacities This article describes how security can be achieved through design and engineering Counter-terrorism or counterterrorism refers to the practices tactics, techniques and strategies that Governments militaries, Police departments He was thus a part of the executive branch at the time of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

Clarke came to widespread public attention for his role as counter-terrorism czar in the Clinton and Bush Administrations when in March of 2004 he appeared on the 60 Minutes television news magazine, his memoir about his service in government, Against All Enemies was released, and he testified before the 9/11 Commission. Not to be confused with the BBC news magazine program Sixty Minutes (TV series. Against All Enemies Inside America's War on Terror (ISBN 0-743-26823-7 is a 2004 book by former U 9/11 Commission ReportThe National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up on November 27, 2002 In all three instances, Clarke was sharply critical of the Bush Administration's attitude toward counter-terrorism before the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the decision to go to war with Iraq. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Clarke has received criticism in turn for various reasons, including his strong disagreements with the Bush Administration.

Richard Clarke is currently Chairman of Good Harbor Consulting, a strategic planning and corporate risk management firm, an on-air consultant for ABC News, and a contributor to GoodHarborReport.com, an online community discussing homeland security, defense, and politics. He has also become an author of fiction, publishing his first novel, The Scorpion's Gate, in 2005, and a second, Breakpoint, in 2007. The Scorpion's Gate is a geopolitical thriller by former United States intelligence and Counterterrorism official Richard A Breakpoint is a Cyberpunk Science fiction novel by former United States intelligence and counterterrorism official Richard A

Contents

Background

Richard Clarke was born in 1951, the son of a Boston factory worker. He studied at the Boston Latin School (graduated 1968) and received a Bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1972. The Boston Latin School is a public exam school founded on April 23 1635, in Boston, Massachusetts, making it the A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn) is a private University located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Government career

In 1973, he began work in the federal government as an employee in the U.S. Department of Defense. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Starting in 1985, Clarke served in the Reagan Administration as Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence. During the presidential administration of George H.W. Bush, he coordinated diplomatic efforts to support the 1990-1991 Gulf War and the subsequent security arrangements. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 During the Clinton Administration, Clarke became the counter-terrorism coordinator for the National Security Council. He also advised Madeleine Albright during the Genocide in Rwanda, and directed the authoring of PDD-25[3] which outlined a reduced military and economic role for the United States in Rwanda as well as future peacekeeping operations. Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelová on May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become United States Secretary of State. The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass killing of hundreds of thousands of Rwanda 's minority Tutsis and the moderates of its Hutu majority He remained counter-terrorism coordinator during the first year of the George W. Bush Administration, and later was the Special Advisor to the president on cybersecurity and cyberterrorism. He resigned from the Bush Administration in 2003.

Clarke's positions inside the government have included:

9/11 Commission

Richard A. Clarke
Richard A. The White House National Security Council ( NSC) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President for considering National Clarke

On March 24, 2004, Clarke testified at the public 9/11 Commission hearings. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " [4] At the outset of his testimony Clarke offered an apology to the families of 9/11 victims and an acknowledgment that the government had failed: "I also welcome the hearings because it is finally a forum where I can apologize to the loved ones of the victims of 9/11. . . your government failed you, those entrusted with protecting you failed you and I failed you. We tried hard, but that doesn't matter because we failed. "[4] Clarke was the only member of the Bush Administration who provided an apology to the family members of victims along with an acknowledgement of the government's failure. [5]

Many of the events Clarke recounted during the hearings were also published in his memoir, Against All Enemies. Among his highly critical statements regarding the Bush Administration, Clarke charged that before and during the 9/11 crisis, many in the administration were distracted from efforts against Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda organization by a pre-occupation with Iraq and Saddam Hussein. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 Clarke had written that on September 12, 2001, President Bush pulled him and a couple of aides aside and "testily" asked him to try to find evidence that Saddam Hussein was connected to the terrorist attacks. In response he wrote a report stating there was no evidence of Iraqi involvement and got it signed by all relevant agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the CIA. The paper was quickly returned by a deputy with a note saying "Please update and resubmit". [5] After initially denying that such meeting and request between the President and Clarke took place, the White House later reversed its denial when others present backed Clarke's version of the events. [6][7]

According to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Clarke gave the final okay for the members of the bin Laden family living in the U. 9/11 Commission ReportThe National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up on November 27, 2002 The bin Laden family (بن لادن S. to fly to Saudi Arabia on Sept. 14, 2001. Clarke had initially claimed under oath someone in the Bush Administration had asked for the flight and he consulted with the FBI [8]; However, the FBI denied they had a role in approving the flight for bin Laden's family as alleged by Clarke when FBI spokesman John Iannarelli said: "I can say unequivocally that the FBI had no role in facilitating these flights. " http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=971322003. Later, Clarke admitted that he alone authorized the flight. He told reporters “I take responsibility for it. I don’t think it was a mistake, and I’d do it again. ” [9]

After Clarke appeared before the 911 Commission, his detractors attacked his credibility, suggesting that he was too partisan a figure, and charging that he exaggerated perceived failures in the Bush Administration' counter terrorism policies while exculpating the former Clinton administration from its perceived shortcomings. 9/11 Commission ReportThe National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up on November 27, 2002 [10] According to news agency Knight-Ridder, the White House tried to discredit Clarke in a move described as "shooting the messenger. For the unrelated television series see Knight Rider. For other articles see Knight Rider (disambiguation Knight Ridder " [11] New York Times columnist Paul Krugman was more blunt, calling the attacks on Clarke "a campaign of character assassination. Paul Robin Krugman ( born February 28 1953 is an American Economist, Columnist, Author, and Intellectual. "[12]

Clarke has also exchanged criticism with Michael Scheuer, former chief of the bin Laden Unit at the Counterterrorist Center at the CIA. Michael F Scheuer is a former CIA employee In his 22-year career he served as the Chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station (aka "Alec Station" from 1996 The Bin Laden Issue Station (1996-2005 was a unit of the Central Intelligence Agency dedicated to tracking Osama bin Laden. The US Central Intelligence Agency 's Counterterrorist Center was established in 1986 near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all When asked to respond to Clarke's claim that Scheuer was "a hothead, a middle manager who really didn't go to any of the cabinet meetings," Scheuer returned the criticism as follows: "I certainly agree with the fact that I didn't go to the cabinet meetings. But I'm certainly also aware that I'm much better informed than Mr. Clarke ever was about the nature of the intelligence that was available against Osama bin Laden and which was consistently denigrated by himself and Mr. Tenet. " [13] Matthew Continetti writes: "Scheuer believes that Clarke’s risk aversion and politicking negatively impacted the hunt for Bin Laden prior to September 11, 2001. Matthew Continetti is a Conservative Journalist and associate editor at The Weekly Standard whose articles frequently appear in the magazine Scheuer stated that his unit, codename 'Alec,' had provided information that could have led to the capture and or killing of Osama bin Laden on ten different occasions, only to have his recommendations for action turned down by senior intelligence officials, including Clarke. "[14]

Pre-9/11 memo about Al Qaeda threat

Clarke and his communications with the Bush administration regarding Osama bin Laden and associated terrorist plots targeting the United States were mentioned frequently in National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice's public interview by the 9/11 investigatory commission on April 8, 2004. Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, commonly referred to as the National Security Adviser (abbreviated NSA, or sometimes ANSA Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Of particular significance was a memo [15] from January 25, 2001 that Clarke had authored and sent to Rice. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.

Along with making an urgent request for a meeting of the National Security Council's Principals Committee to discuss the growing al-Qaeda threat in the greater Middle East, the memo also suggests strategies for combating al-Qaeda that might be adopted by the new Bush Administration. Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The [16]

Criticism

Just before and after Clarke appeared before the 9/11 Commission, defenders of the Bush Administration tried to attack his credibility. They charged that he exaggerated perceived failures in the Bush Administration's counterterrorism policies while exculpating the former Clinton administration from its perceived shortcomings. [17]

According to some reports, the White House tried to discredit Clarke in a move described as "shooting the messenger. "[18] New York Times columnist Paul Krugman was more blunt, calling the attacks on Clarke "a campaign of character assassination. Paul Robin Krugman ( born February 28 1953 is an American Economist, Columnist, Author, and Intellectual. "[19]

Conservatives inside and outside the Bush Administration vigorously attacked both Clarke's testimony and his tenure during the hearings. In the furor over Clarke's revelations before the 9/11 Commission, Senate Republican Majority Leader Bill Frist immediately took to the Senate floor to make a speech accusing Clarke of telling "two entirely different stories under oath", pointing to congressional hearing testimony Clarke gave in 2002, but Frist later admitted to reporters that he was unaware of any actual discrepancies in Clarke's testimony. William Harrison "Bill" Frist [20] Some White House attempts to discredit Clarke were inconsistent, specifically, the day after Clarke's revelations Vice President Dick Cheney went on the Rush Limbaugh radio program to claim that Clarke's account of the events leading to the 9/11 attacks was not credible because Clarke "wasn't in the loop" on pre-9/11 counter-terrorism planning, while at the same time National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice was telling reporters that Clarke was the center of all counter-terrorism efforts. Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (born January 30 1941 is the forty-sixth and current Vice President of the United States. Rush Hudson Limbaugh III (born January 12, 1951) is an American radio host and conservative Political commentator. Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States [6]

Clarke has also been criticized by conservatives for suggesting the possibility of a link between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda but then, after investigation, concluding that no link had been established. Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by some U

Specifically, in February 1999 Clarke wrote the Deputy National Security Advisor that one reliable source reported Iraqi officials had met with Bin Ladin and may have offered him asylum. [7] Therefore, Clarke advised against surveillance flights to track Bin Laden in Afghanistan: Anticipating an attack, “old wily Usama will likely boogie to Baghdad”[8], where he would be impossible to find.

Clarke also made statements that year to the press linking Hussein and al-Qaeda to an alleged joint chemical weapons development effort at the Al Shifa pharmaceutical plant in Sudan. Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The The Al-Shifa ( Arabic for "healing" pharmaceutical Factory in Khartoum North, Sudan was constructed between 1992 Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. [21]

Since 1999, however, the United States government has admitted that its evidence regarding Al Shifa is inconclusive, and Clarke has concluded that there was no Iraq-al Qaeda link. In Against All Enemies he writes, "It is certainly possible that Iraqi agents dangled the possibility of asylum in Iraq before bin Laden at some point when everyone knew that the U. Right of asylum (or political asylum) is an ancient Judicial notion under which a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in his S. was pressuring the Taliban to arrest him. The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately If that dangle happened, bin Laden's accepting asylum clearly did not," (p. 270). In an interview on March 21, 2004, Clarke made the statement: "There's absolutely no evidence that Iraq was supporting al-Qaeda, ever. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " " Clarke makes clear in his book that he came to his more recent conclusion as a result of several investigations, prompted by the Bush Administration, specifically into the possibility of an Iraqi connection to September 11. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul

In response to Clarke's charges against the Bush administration, Fox News, with the Administration's consent, identified and released a background briefing that Clarke gave in August 2002, at the Administration's request, to minimize the fallout from a Time Magazine story about the President's failure to take certain actions before 9/11. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and [22] In that briefing on behalf of the White House, Clarke stated "there was no plan on Al Qaeda that was passed from the Clinton administration to the Bush administration," and that after taking office President Bush decided to "add to the existing Clinton strategy and to increase CIA resources, for example, for covert action, fivefold, to go after Al Qaeda. The United States Presidency of Bill Clinton, also known as the Clinton Administration, was the executive branch of the Federal George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all "[23] At the next day's hearing, 9/11 Commission member Thompson challenged Clarke with the 2002 account, and Clarke explained: "I was asked to make that case to the press. I was a special assistant to the president, and I made the case I was asked to make. . . . I was asked to highlight the positive aspects of what the administration had done and to minimize the negative aspects of what the administration had done. And as a special assistant to the president, one is frequently asked to do that kind of thing. I've done it for several presidents. "[24]

In his book, Clarke wrote that that when he first briefed Rice on Al Qaeda, in a January 2001 meeting, "her facial expression gave me the impression she had never heard the term before. " Rice, however, discussed the threat of Bin Laden striking U. S. territory in an Oct. 2000 radio interview. [25] [26]

Cyberterrorism and Cybersecurity

Clarke, as Special Advisor to the President on Cybersecurity, spent his last year in the Bush Administration focusing on cybersecurity and the threat of terrorism against the critical infrastructure of the United States. At a security conference in 2002, after citing statistics that indicate that less than 0. 0025 percent of corporate revenue on average is spent on information-technology security, Clarke was famously heard to say, "If you spend more on coffee than on IT security, then you will be hacked. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom What's more, you deserve to be hacked. "[9]

Book: Against All Enemies

Main article: Against All Enemies

On March 22, 2004, Clarke's book, Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror--What Really Happened (ISBN 0-7432-6024-4), was published. Against All Enemies Inside America's War on Terror (ISBN 0-743-26823-7 is a 2004 book by former U Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The book was critical of past and present presidential administrations for the way they handled the war on terror both before and after September 11, 2001 but focused much of its criticism on Bush for failing to take sufficient action to protect the country in the elevated-threat period before the September 11, 2001 attacks and for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, which Clarke feels greatly hampered the war on terror, and was a distraction from the real terrorists. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Clarke's 2004 views on Iraq were strikingly different from those offered in an October 1998 speech in which he spoke of the dangers of a rogue state such as Iraq, which had been designated a "state sponsor of terrorism" by the State Department, providing weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups:

"I frequently get accused of wasting the taxpayers' money on an extravagant program of chem-bio defense that is unnecessary, that is a pork barrel, that is an overreaction to one incident by a religious cult in Japan. Let me try to tell those who say that, why they are wrong. There are two lists that I want to talk about. One is the list of state sponsors of terrorism that the Secretary of State issues every year, by law. You know who is on that list. It is a public document.

"There is another list that the Director of Central Intelligence issues on a classified basis every year, and that is the list of states that have chemical or biological weapons. There is almost a one-for-one copy of the terrorist state sponsors list resident within the list of states that have chemical and biological weapons. What does it mean to be a state sponsor of terrorism? It means that you have trained, equipped, financed, provided sanctuary to, provided leadership for, provided intelligence to, and armed terrorist groups.

"Now if these state sponsors of terrorism have done all of that, do we want to bet the security of our people here at home that those state sponsors will not go the additional step of providing terrorist groups with the chemical and biological weapons that are already in the inventory of the state sponsors of terrorism? I don't want to. The president doesn't want to. "[27]

Iraq was on both of those lists in 1998 and 2003.

Additional works

Affiliations

Notes

  1. ^ Dobbs, Michael. "An Obscure Chief in U. S. War on Terror". The Washington Post, April 2, 2000. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.
  2. ^ Profile: Richard Clarke, BBC
  3. ^ Text of Presidential Decision Directive 25
  4. ^ Transcript: Wednesday's 9/11 Commission Hearings (washingtonpost.com)
  5. ^ Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror--What Really Happened (ISBN 0-7432-6024-4)
  6. ^ Bumiller, Elizabeth, "Threats and Responses: Was an Official 'In the Loop?' It all Depends", The New York Times, March 25, 2004 [1]
  7. ^ The 9/11 Commission Report, p. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 134. [2]
  8. ^ The 9/11 Commission Report, p. 134. [3]
  9. ^ ["Security Guru: Let's Secure the Net", ZDNet, February 20, 2002 http://techupdate.zdnet.com/techupdate/stories/main/0,14179,5103462,00.html]

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