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"RIAA" redirects here. For RIAA equalization, see RIAA equalization. RIAA equalization is a specification for the correct playback of Gramophone records established by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA
The RIAA Logo.
The RIAA Logo.

The Recording Industry Association of America (or RIAA) is a trade group that represents the major labels of the recording industry in the United States. An industry trade group, also known as a trade association, is an organization founded and funded by Businesses that operate in a specific Industry. The record industry is the part of the Music industry that sells Sound recordings of Music. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Its members consist of a large number of private corporate entities such as record labels and distributors, which the RIAA claims "create, manufacture and/or distribute approximately 90% of all legitimate sound recordings produced and sold in the United States". [1][2]

The RIAA was formed in 1952 primarily to administer the RIAA equalization curve, a technical standard of frequency response applied to vinyl records during manufacturing and playback. RIAA equalization is a specification for the correct playback of Gramophone records established by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA Frequency is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit Time. A gramophone The RIAA has continued to participate in creating and administering technical standards for later systems of music recording and reproduction, including magnetic tape (including cassette tapes and digital audio tapes), CDs and software-based digital technologies. Magnetic tape is a medium for Magnetic recording generally consisting of a thin magnetizable coating on a long and narrow strip of Plastic. The Compact Cassette, often referred to as audio cassette, cassette tape, cassette, or simply tape, is a Magnetic tape sound Digital Audio Tape (DAT or R-DAT is a signal recording and playback medium developed by Sony in the mid 1980s A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio Like many online stalkers (such as Pedophiles), the RIAA frequently attempts to track and locate many underaged American youth, usually those who have been convicted of breaking one or more copyright laws. The term pedophilia or paedophilia has a range of definitions as found in Psychology, law enforcement and the popular vernacular


The RIAA also participates in the collection, administration and distribution of music licenses and royalties. The verb license or grant license means to give permission The noun license is the document demonstrating that permission Royalties (sometimes running royalties) are usage-based payments made by one party (the "licensee" to another (the "licensor" for ongoing use of an

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in the USA. In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America awards certification based on the number of Albums and singles sold through retail and For more information about sales data see List of best selling albums and List of best selling singles.

The RIAA's stated goals[1] are:

  1. to protect intellectual property rights worldwide and the First Amendment rights of artists;
  2. to perform research about the music industry;
  3. to monitor and review relevant laws, regulations and policies. Intellectual property ( IP) is a legal field that refers to creations of the mind such as musical literary and artistic works inventions and symbols names

Contents

Company structure and Sales

As of April 2007, the RIAA is led by Mitch Bainwol, who has been Chairman and CEO since 2003. April 2007 is the fourth month of that year It began on a Sunday and 30 days later ended on a Monday. Mitch Bainwol became Chairman and CEO of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA in 2003 succeeding Hilary Rosen A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator He is assisted by Cary Sherman, the President of the Board of Directors. Cary H Sherman is currently the President of the Recording Industry Association of America. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, drawn mostly from the big four members of the RIAA. [3]

The RIAA claims to represent over 1,600 member labels, which are private corporate entities such as record labels and distributors, and which collectively create and distribute about 90% of recorded music sold in the US. The RIAA lists its member labels on their website. However their website lists not only includes RIAA labels but non-RIAA labels that are distributors that report to the RIAA The largest and most influential of the members are the "Big Four":

The total annual net income from members of the RIAA is reported to be $11. The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in Sony BMG Music Entertainment is a diverse music and entertainment group Universal Music Group (UMG is the largest Business group and family of Record labels in the Recording industry. Warner Music Group (WMG is the third-largest of the "big four" major record labels, the others being Sony BMG, EMI, and Universal 5 billion[4], reflecting a decline since a high of $14. 5 billion in 1996.

Sales certification

Main article: RIAA certification

The RIAA operates an award program for albums which sell a large number of copies. In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America awards certification based on the number of Albums and singles sold through retail and [5] The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles and albums which reach US$1 million sales. The criteria was changed in 1975 to be based on the number of copies sold, with singles and albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, and in 1999 a Diamond Award for ten million sales. The awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. [6]

The RIAA also operates a similar program for Spanish language music sales, called Los Premios Awards.

“Digital” sales certification

In 2004, the RIAA added a branch of certification for what it inexplicably calls “digital” recordings, meaning roughly “recordings transferred to the recipient over a network” (such as those sold via the iTunes Store), and excluding other obviously-digital media such as those on CD, DAT, or MiniDiscs. The iTunes Store is a software-based online Digital media store operated by Apple Inc A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio Digital Audio Tape (DAT or R-DAT is a signal recording and playback medium developed by Sony in the mid 1980s A MiniDisc ( MD) is a Magneto-optical disc-based Data storage device initially intended for storage of up to 80 minutes of digitized audio In 2006, “digital ringtones” were added to this branch of certification. As of 2007, the certification criteria for these recordings are as follows:

Music Video Longform [sic] certification

Along with albums, digital albums, and singles there is another classification of music release called "Music Video Longform. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. " This style includes live albums, compilation albums, and greatest hits albums. The certification criteria is slightly different from other styles. [7]

Efforts against copyright infringement

Stance on home recording

See also: Audio Home Recording Act and Private copying levy

The RIAA has asserted apparently contradictory positions both for and against home recording, such as transferring the contents of music CDs to portable players or making backup copies of music CDs. A private copying levy (also known as blank media tax or levy) is a Government -mandated scheme in which a special Tax or Levy (additional

In 2005 argument before the Supreme Court in MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., counsel for the RIAA stated that "it's perfectly lawful to take a CD that you've purchased, upload it onto your computer, put it onto your iPod. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. MGM Studios Inc v Grokster Ltd 545 US 913 ( 2005) is a United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court unanimously held that "

In 2006, the RIAA appeared to reverse its position, claiming that copying the contents of CDs or backing them up does not constitute fair use, because recordings transferred from CDs do not maintain controversial Digital Rights Management (DRM) to prevent the music file from being copied, and are therefore infringing under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, even though audio CDs (formally Compact Disc Digital Audio), by definition, have no DRM. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio Fair use is a doctrine in United States copyright law that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders such as use for Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA is a United States Copyright Law which implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Red Book is the standard for audio CDs ( Compact Disc Digital Audio system or CDDA) They argue that there is no evidence that any of the relevant media are "unusually subject to damage" and that "even if CDs do become damaged, replacements are readily available at affordable prices. "[8]

Efforts against file sharing

Main article: Trade group efforts against file sharing

The RIAA opposes unauthorized file sharing of its music. Arts and media Industry trade groups such as the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA and Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA are fierce opponents It has commenced high profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers. It has also commenced a controversial series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children. It is accused of employing techniques such as peer-to-peer network pollution to combat file sharing.

Lawsuits against other recording, distribution, and search technologies

In October 1998, the Recording Industry Association of America filed a lawsuit in the Ninth U. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) S. Court of Appeals in San Francisco claiming the Diamond Multimedia Rio PMP300 player violated the 1992 Audio Home Recording Act. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Diamond Multimedia is a company that specializes in many forms of multimedia technology The Rio PMP300 was the second portable consumer MP3 Digital audio player (portable digital audio player and was produced by Diamond Multimedia. The Rio PMP300 was significant because it was the second portable consumer MP3 digital audio player released on the market. The Rio PMP300 was the second portable consumer MP3 Digital audio player (portable digital audio player and was produced by Diamond Multimedia. The three judge panel ruled in favor of Diamond, paving the way for the development of the portable digital player market. [9]

RIAA has also filed suit in 2006 to enjoin digital XM Satellite Radio from enabling its subscribers from playing songs it has recorded from its satellite broadcasts. [10] It is also suing several Internet radio stations. [11]

On December 21, 2006, the RIAA filed a lawsuit against Russian owned and operated website AllOfMP3.com in the amount of $1. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. AllOfMP3, MP3Sparks and MemphisMembers are brands of Online music store that were operated by Mediaservices Inc a company founded in 2000 in 65 trillion ($1,650,000,000,000). This number was derived from multiplying 11 million songs with statutory damages of $150,000 per song. Statutory damages are pre-established Damages for cases where calculating a correct sum is deemed difficult The Moscow court ruled in favor of AllOfMP3. com[12]

On April 28, 2008, RIAA member labels sued Project Playlist, a web music search site, claiming their copyrights are infringed by the site's index of links. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Project Playlist's website denies that any of the music is hosted on Project Playlist's own servers.

Legislation

The RIAA has supported and still supports several pieces of legislation in the United States which it believes help it to prevent copyright infringement. This legislation includes the proposed Digital Content Protection Act of 2006, which is being considered by the United States Senate. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives According to PublicKnowledge[13] and the EFF,[14] this would prevent new ways to use media content, and could prevent customers from recording music, even if covered by fair use. Public Knowledge is a non-profit Washington DC -based public interest group that is involved in Intellectual property law, competition and Fair use is a doctrine in United States copyright law that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders such as use for This would effectively create a radio broadcast flag rule. A broadcast flag is a set of status Bits (or a " flag " sent in the data stream of a Digital television program that indicates whether or not the The RIAA has supported legislation in the past which also attempted to introduce a radio broadcast flag.

Artists’ opinions

The role of the RIAA in the music industry is often questioned by many people, including some of the artists the RIAA claims to be protecting. The matter is increasingly controversial, especially among students and musicians themselves. It is often argued that by making the music easily acquired, more people are apt to listen, thus creating a larger mass of fans. By increasing the number of listeners, things such as concert tickets, shirts, and other such marketing products and events are bought. A more substantial fanbase does, in the long run, make an artist even more financially stable.

The "Work Made for Hire" controversy

In 1999, Stanley M. Glazier, a Congressional staff attorney, inserted, without public notice or comment, substantive language into the final markup of a "technical corrections" section of copyright legislation, classifying many music recordings as "works made for hire," thereby stripping artists of their copyright interests and transferring those interests to their record labels. A work made for hire (sometimes abbreviated as work for hire and WFH) is an exception to the general rule that the person who actually creates a work is the legally-recognized [15] Shortly afterwards, Glazier was hired as Senior Vice President of Government Relations and Legislative Counsel for the RIAA, which vigorously defended the change when it came to light. The battle over the disputed provision led to the formation of the Recording Artists' Coalition, which successfully lobbied for repeal of the change. The Recording Artists' Coalition ( RAC) is an American Music industry organization that represents Recording artists and attempts to defend their rights

Cultural references

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Who We Are. Anti-copyright refers to the complete or partial opposition to prevalent Copyright laws. The Canadian Recording Industry Association is a Non-profit trade organization that was founded in 1964 to represent the interests of Canadian companies An industry trade group, also known as a trade association, is an organization founded and funded by Businesses that operate in a specific Industry. The RIAA lists its member labels on their website. However their website lists not only includes RIAA labels but non-RIAA labels that are distributors that report to the RIAA Parental Advisory is a message affixed by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA to audio and video recordings in the United States containing offensive Phynd is a LAN-indexing Search engine used to facilitate Peer-to-peer File sharing over a Local-area network. The Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC was an American committee formed in 1985 by four women Tipper Gore, wife of Senator and later Vice President RIAA.
  2. ^ p2pnet. p2pnet. net.
  3. ^ Board of the RIAA (RIAA website)
  4. ^ [1] (RIAA website)
  5. ^ RIAA Website. Gold and Platinum (Index).
  6. ^ RIAA Website. Gold and Platinum Certification.
  7. ^ Billboard.com Latest Video Longform Certifications Retrieved on May 14, 2008
  8. ^ RIAA Says Ripping CDs to Your iPod is NOT Fair Use, EFF Deep Links, 15 February 2006
  9. ^ Court OKs Diamond Rio MP3 Player, by Elizabeth Clampet, InternetNews. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Com, 16 June 1999
  10. ^ XM Faces The Music In RIAA Copyright Suit, by Joseph Palenchar, TWICE, 22 May 2006
  11. ^ RIAA sues Internet radio stations, Out-Law. com, July 2001
  12. ^ ALLOFMP3. Digital music., Allofmp3. com, November 05, 2007
  13. ^ "New and Improved" Draft Broadcast Flag Bill: This Time for TV and Radio, by Alex Curtis, PublicKnowledge, 20 January 2006
  14. ^ New Senate Broadcast Flag Bill Would Freeze Fair Use, EFF Deep Links, 20 January, 2006
  15. ^ Wired. Rule Reversal: Blame It on RIAA. Retrieved on 2007-04-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
  16. ^ FoxTrot comic from March 4, 2007

External links

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