- for the town in Afghanistan see Rash, Afghanistan
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|---|---|
| Severe rash on a white male | |
| ICD-10 | R21. |
| ICD-9 | 782.1 |
A rash is a change of the skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture. A symptom' (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident misfortune that which befalls" from συμπίπτω, "I befall" from A Sign is an indication of some fact or quality and a medical sign is an objective indication of some medical fact or quality that is detected by a Physician The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings R00-R69 - Symptoms and Signs (R00-R09 Circulatory and Respiratory systems ( Abnormalities of Heart beat The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The skin is the outer covering of living tissue of an animal (or plant Texture refers to the properties held and sensations caused by the external surface of objects received through the sense of touch. A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful. Itch ( Latin: pruritus) is an unpleasant Sensation that evokes the desire or Reflex to scratch A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.
The presence of a rash may aid associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever starts; it classically starts at the head and spreads downwards. Erythema is redness of the Skin caused by Capillary congestion
Contents |
Causes
Common causes of rashes include:
- anxiety
- allergies, for example to foods, dyes, medicines, insect stings, metals such as zinc or nickel; such rashes are often called hives. Anxiety is a physiological and psychological state characterized by Cognitive, Somatic, Emotional and Behavioral components Allergy is a disorder of the Immune system often also referred to as Atopy.
- skin contact with an irritant
- bacterial or viral infection, e. An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species. g. , by the viruses that cause chickenpox, smallpox, cold sores and measles
- fungal infection, such as ringworm
- reaction to vaccination
- skin diseases such as eczema or acne
- exposure to sun (sunburn) or heat
- irritation such as caused by abrasives impregnated in clothing rubbing the skin. A virus (from the Latin virus meaning Toxin or Poison) is a sub-microscopic infectious agent that is unable Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by primary infection with Varicella zoster virus (VZV Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. Herpes simplex is a Viral disease caused by Herpes simplex viruses both herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2 cause herpes simplex Measles (rubeola is a Disease caused by a virus specifically a Paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus. Mycosis (plural mycoses) is a condition in which Fungi pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body and establish Infections Classification Ringworm (also called serpigo) is an infection of the skin characterized by a reddish to brownish raised or bumpy patch of skin that may be lighter in the center A vaccine is a biological preparation which is used to establish or improve immunity to a particular disease Eczema (from Greek έκζεμα) is a form of Dermatitis, or Inflammation of the Epidermis. Acne vulgaris (commonly called acne) is a Skin disease caused by changes in the Pilosebaceous units (skin structures consisting of a Hair follicle The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. A sunburn is a burn to living tissue such as Skin produced by overexposure to Ultraviolet (UV radiation commonly from the Sun 's rays In Physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is Energy transferred from one body or system to another due to a difference in Temperature Irritation or exacerbation, in Biology and Physiology, is a state of Inflammation or painful reaction to Allergy or cell-lining damage The cloth itself may be abrasive enough for some people
Uncommon causes:
Evaluating a rash
The causes of a rash are extremely broad, which may make the evaluation of a rash extremely difficult. Autoimmunity is the failure of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts as self, which results in an immune response against its own cells and tissues Psoriasis (səˈraɪəsɪs ( suh-RI-uh-sus) is a non-contagious disorder which affects the Skin and Joints It commonly causes red scaly Lead poisoning (also known as saturnism, plumbism, or painter's colic) is a medical condition caused by increased levels of the metal Lead in Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female An accurate evaluation by a doctor may only be made in the context of a thorough history (What medication is the patient taking? What is the patient's occupation? Where has the patient been?) and complete physical examination.
Points to note in the examination include:
- the appearance: e. g. , purpuric (typical of vasculitis and meningococcal septiaemia), fine and like sandpaper (typical of scarlet fever); umbilicated lesions are typical of molluscum contagiosum (and in the past, small pox); plaques with silver scales are typical of psoriasis. Purpura (from the Latin purpura, meaning "purple" is the appearance of red or purple discolorations on the Skin, caused by Bleeding underneath Vasculitis (plural vasculitides) a group of diseases featuring Inflammation of the wall of Blood vessels including veins ( Phlebitis) arteries Scarlet fever is a disease caused by an Exotoxin released by Streptococcus pyogenes. Molluscum contagiosum ( MC) is a viral infection of the Skin or occasionally of the Mucous membranes. Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. Psoriasis (səˈraɪəsɪs ( suh-RI-uh-sus) is a non-contagious disorder which affects the Skin and Joints It commonly causes red scaly
- the distribution: e. g. , the rash of scarlet fever becomes confluent and forms bright red lines in the skin creases of the neck, armpits and groins (Pastia's lines); the vesicles of chicken pox seem to follow the hollows of the body (they are more prominent along the depression of the spine on the back and in the hollows of both shoulder blades); very few rashes affect the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (secondary syphilis, rickettsia or spotted fevers,[1] guttate psoriasis, hand, foot and mouth disease, keratoderma blenorrhagica);
- symmetry: e. Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by primary infection with Varicella zoster virus (VZV Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. Rickettsia is a Genus of motile, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming, highly Pleomorphic bacteria that can present A spotted fever is a type of Tick-borne disease which presents on the skin Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD is a human Syndrome caused by intestinal viruses of the Picornaviridae family. Keratoderma blennorrhagica (or keratosis blennorrhagica) are skin lesions commonly found on the palms and Soles but which may spread to the g. , herpes zoster usually only affects one side of the body and does not cross the midline. Herpes zoster (or simply zoster) commonly known as shingles, is a Viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with Blisters in a limited
Typically, it is never a good habit for one to scratch a rash, as doing so may invigorate the rash and cause it to spread. Gently rubbing the rash may provide temporary relief, but it is more than likely better to avoid contact with the affected areas altogether.
Quick Overview of Symptoms of Skin Rashes/Diseases
| Skin Disease | Symptoms | Usual Area of Body |
|---|---|---|
| Acne | Covered in small pus-filled sacs, blackheads, pimples or sore red bumps | Face, Chest or Back |
| Rosacea | Flushed appearance or Redness | Around cheeks, chin, forehead or nose |
| Boil | Painful red bump or a cluster of painful red bumps | Anywhere |
| Cellulitis | Red, tender and swollen areas of skin | Around a cut, scrape or skin breach |
| Insect bite | Red and/or itchy bumps on your skin | Anywhere and can be sprinked randomly |
| Allergic Reaction | Irregular, raised or flat red sores that appeared after taking medicine/drugs or eating certain foods | Anywhere |
| Hives | Bumps formed suddenly | Anywhere but usually first noticed on face |
| Seborrheic dermatitis | Bumps and swelling | Near glands |
| Cradle Cap | Dry, scaly skin | Cover the head of a child |
| Irritant contact dermatitis | Red, itchy, scaly or oily rash | Eyebrows, nose, edge of the scalp, point of contact with jewellery, perfume or clothing. Acne vulgaris (commonly called acne) is a Skin disease caused by changes in the Pilosebaceous units (skin structures consisting of a Hair follicle Rosacea (rəʊˈzeɪʃə is a common but often misunderstood condition that is estimated to affect over 45 million people worldwide Boil or furuncle is a skin disease caused by the infection of Hair follicles resulting in the localized accumulation of Pus and dead tissue Cellulitis is an Infection of the deep Subcutaneous tissue of the Skin. Insect bites and stings occur when an Insect is agitated and seeks to defend itself through its natural defense mechanisms or when an insect seeks to feed off the bitten person Allergy is a disorder of the Immune system often also referred to as Atopy. Seborrhoeic Eczema (also Seborrheic dermatitis AmE, seborrhea) is a skin disorder affecting the scalp face and trunk causing scaly flaky Cradle Cap (infantile or neonatal Seborrhoeic dermatitis, also known as crusta lactea, milk crust, honeycomb disease) is a yellowish patchy Contact dermatitis is a term for a Skin reaction resulting from exposure to Allergens (allergic contact dermatitis or irritants (irritant contact dermatitis |
| Allergic Contact Dermatitis caused by poison ivy, oak or sumac | Red, itchy, scaly or oily rash | Eyebrows, nose, edge of the scalp, point of contact with jewellery, perfume or clothing. Sumac (ˈʃuːmæk or /ˈs(juːmæk/ also spelled sumach) is any one of approximately 250 species of Flowering plants in the Genus Rhus |
| Allergic purpura | Small red dots on your skin, or larger, bruise-like spots that appeared after taking medicine | Anywhere |
| Pityriasis Rosea | Started with a single scaly, red and slightly itchy spot, and within a few days, did large numbers of smaller patches of the rash, some red and/or others tan | Chest and Abdomen |
| Dermatitis herpetiformis | Intensely itchy rash with red bumps and blisters | Elbows, knees, back or buttocks |
| Erythema nodosum | Large red bumps that seem to bruise and are tender to touch | Anywhere |
| Psoriasis | White, Scaly rash over red, irritated skin | Elbows and knees |
| Erythema multiforme | Red, blotchy rash, with "target like" hives or sores. Henoch-Schönlein purpura, also known as allergic purpura and commonly abbreviated to HSP, is a systemic Vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels characterized Pityriasis rosea (PR is a common human Skin disease which presents as numerous patches of pink or red oval Rash, mainly on the torso Dermatitis herpetiformis, or DH, is a Skin disorder often associated with Celiac disease. Erythema nodosum (EN ( red nodules) is an Inflammation of the fat cells under the skin ( Panniculitis) Psoriasis (səˈraɪəsɪs ( suh-RI-uh-sus) is a non-contagious disorder which affects the Skin and Joints It commonly causes red scaly Erythema multiforme is a skin condition of unknown etiology possibly mediated by deposition of Immune complex ( mostly IgM) in the superficial microvasculature of the | Anywhere |
| Measles | Red Rash that is raised with a fever or sore throat. Measles (rubeola is a Disease caused by a virus specifically a Paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus. | Usually starts first on the forehead and face and spreads downward. |
| Chickenpox | Multiple blisters with a fever, cough, aches, tiredness and sore throat. Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by primary infection with Varicella zoster virus (VZV | Usually starts first on the face, chest and back and spreads downward. |
| Shingles | Red Blisters that are very painful and may crust | Anywhere |
| Fifth Disease | Started as a fever and then developed a bright red rash | Cheeks |
| Warts | Soft bumps forming that don't itch and have no other symptoms | Anywhere |
| Ringworm | Bald spot on your scalp or a ring of itchy red skin | Anywhere |
| Syphilis | Rash that is red but not itchy | Palms of hands or soles of feet |
| Jock Itch, Yeast Infection or Diaper rash | Red itchy rash | Groin |
| Tinea versicolor | Light coloured patches | Anywhere |
| Impetigo | Crusted, tan-colored sores | Near nose or lip |
| Scabies | Bite-like sores that itch and spread intensely | Usually start on hands or feet and spread everywhere |
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever | A fine rash with a fever and headache | Usually start on arms and legs including the hands and feet |
| Lupus Erythematosus | A butterfly rash with achy joints | Forehead and cheeks |
| Jaundice or sign of Hepatitis | Yellowish | Skin, whites of eyes and mouth |
| Bruise | Blue or black area after being hit | Anywhere |
| Actinic keratoses | Scaly, pink, gray or tan patches or bumps | Face, scalp or on the backs or your hands |
| Keloid or Hypertrophic scar | Scar that has grown larger than expected | Anywhere |
| Lipoma | Soft or rubbery growth | Anywhere |
| Milia | Lots of white spots | on the face of a baby |
| Molluscum or Contagiosum | Small, firm, round bumps with pits in the center that may sit on tiny stalks | Anywhere |
| Sebaceous cyst | Bump with a white dome under your skin | Scalp, nape of your neck or upper back |
| Skin Tag | Soft, fleshy growth, lump or bump | Face, neck, armpits or groin |
| Xanthelasma | Yellow area under your skin | Under Eyelids |
| Melanoma | Dark bump that may have started within a mole or blemish, or, a spot or mole that has changed in color, size, shape or is painful or itchy | Anywhere |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | Fleshy, growing mass | Areas exposed to the sun |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Unusual growth that is red, scaly or crusted | Face, lip or chin |
| Kaposi's Sarcoma | Dark or black raised spots on your skin that keep growing or have appeared recently | Anywhere |
| Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (EAC) | Pink-red ring or bullseye marks | Anywhere |
See also
References
- ^ Boyd MA, Menon P, Graves S, Gordon DL (2007). Herpes zoster (or simply zoster) commonly known as shingles, is a Viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with Blisters in a limited Fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by Parvovirus B19. A wart (also known as verruca) is generally a small rough Tumor, typically on hands and feet but often other locations that can resemble a Cauliflower Ringworm (also called serpigo) is an infection of the skin characterized by a reddish to brownish raised or bumpy patch of skin that may be lighter in the center Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. Tinea cruris, also known as jock itch (American English Dhobi itch or scrot rot (British English is a fungal infection of the Candidiasis, commonly called yeast infection or thrush, is a Fungal infection (mycosis of any of the Candida species of which Diaper rash ( US) or nappy rash ( UK) is a generic term applied to Skin rashes in the Diaper area that are caused by various skin Tinea versicolor or Pityriasis versicolor is a common skin Infection caused by the Yeast Malassezia furfur (formerly Impetigo (sometimes impetaigo) is a superficial Bacterial Skin Infection most common among children 2 to 6 years old Scabies is a transmissible ectoparasite Skin Infection characterized by superficial Burrows intense pruritus (itching and Secondary Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most severe and most frequently reported Rickettsial illness in the United States. Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE or lupus,) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal though with recent medical advances fatalities are becoming Jaundice, also known as icterus (attributive adjective "icteric" is yellowish discoloration of the Skin, sclerae (whites of the eyes Hepatitis (plural hepatitides) implies injury to the Liver characterized by the presence of Inflammatory cells in the tissue of Actinic keratosis (also called solar keratosis, or AK) is a Premalignant condition of thick scaly or crusty patches of skin A keloid is a type of Hypertrophic scar with mainly type I and some type III collagen which results in an overgrowth of tissue at the site of a healed skin injury Scars (also called cicatrices) are areas of fibrous tissue that replace normal Skin (or other tissue after injury A lipoma is a Benign tumor composed of fatty tissue. These are the most common form of Soft tissue tumor Milia, also known as milk spots or oil seeds, are Benign, Keratin -filled Cysts that can appear just under the epidermis Molluscum contagiosum ( MC) is a viral infection of the Skin or occasionally of the Mucous membranes. A sebaceous cyst (a form of Trichilemmal Cyst) is a closed sac or Cyst below the surface of the skin that has a lining that resembles the An acrochordon (aka skin tag, pedunculated papilloma, or fibroepithelial polyp) is a small Benign Tumor that forms primarily in Xanthelasma (or xanthelasma palpebrarum) is a sharply demarcated yellowish collection of Cholesterol underneath the skin usually on or around the Eyelids Melanoma is a Malignant Tumor of Melanocytes which are found predominantly in skin but also in the Bowel and the Eye (see Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer It is a malignant epithelial cell tumor that begins as a papule (a small circumscribed solid elevation of the skin and enlarges peripherally developing In Medicine, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC is a form of Cancer of the Carcinoma type that may occur in many different organs including the Skin Kaposi's sarcoma (KS is a tumor caused by Human herpesvirus 8 ( HHV8) also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (EAC is a descriptive term for a skin lesion Dermatology (from Greek grc δέρμα derma, "skin" and grc -λογία -logia) is a branch of Medicine dealing with Dermatology (from Greek grc δέρμα derma, "skin" and grc -λογία -logia) is a branch of Medicine dealing with Dermatitis is a Blanket term meaning any " Inflammation of the skin" (e Seborrhoeic Eczema (also Seborrheic dermatitis AmE, seborrhea) is a skin disorder affecting the scalp face and trunk causing scaly flaky Contact dermatitis is a term for a Skin reaction resulting from exposure to Allergens (allergic contact dermatitis or irritants (irritant contact dermatitis Ringworm (also called serpigo) is an infection of the skin characterized by a reddish to brownish raised or bumpy patch of skin that may be lighter in the center Toxicodendron is a genus of woody Trees Shrubs and Vines in the Anacardiaceae or Sumac Family including poison ivy poison oak Urtica dioica, commonly called stinging nettle, is a Herbaceous perennial Flowering plant, native to Europe, Asia, Miliaria (miliaria rubra sweat rash or prickly heat is a Skin disease marked by small and itchy Rashes Miliaria is a common ailment in hot and humid conditions For a person to flush is to become markedly Red in the Face and often other areas of the skin from various physiological conditions Erythema is redness of the Skin caused by Capillary congestion "A febrile illness with generalized papular rash involving the palms and soles". Clin Infect Dis 44: 755–756.
External links
- Guide to rashes on Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia - includes photographs
- Guide to rashes on RevolutionHealth.com
- Rashes on DiscoveryHealth.com
- Links to pictures of skin rashes (Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa)
- Clinical pictures of common childhood skin rashes - VisualDxHealth
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