| RCA Corporation | |
|---|---|
| Slogan | The most trusted name in electronics. |
| Fate | Taken-over by General Electric and broken up |
| Founded | 1919 |
| Defunct | 1986 |
| Location | New York, |
| Industry | Electronics |
| Key people | David Sarnoff, first general manager |
RCA, formerly an acronym for the Radio Corporation of America, is now a trademark owned by Thomson SA through RCA Trademark Management S. In business a takeover is the purchase of one company (the target) by another (the acquirer, or bidder) New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual Thomson SA (,) formerly known as Thomson Multimedia is an international provider of solutions for the creation management delivery and access of video for the A. , a company owned by Thomson. The trademark is used by two companies, namely Sony BMG Music Entertainment and Thomson SA, which licences the name to other companies like Audiovox for products descended from that common ancestor. Sony BMG Music Entertainment is a diverse music and entertainment group Audiovox Corporation ( established in 1965 Audiovox continues to operate and expand under its chairman and founder John J
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During World War I the U. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All S. Navy suppressed patents of the major companies involved with radio in the United States to facilitate the war effort. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the All production of radio equipment was allocated for either the army or the navy. The incorporation of the assets of British-owned Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America, the Pan-American Telegraph Company and those controlled by the United States Navy led to a new firm started by General Electric in 1919. The Marconi Company Ltd was founded by Guglielmo Marconi in 1897 as The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (sometimes presented as Wireless The subsequent cooperation among RCA, General Electric, United Fruit, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, AT&T laid the groundwork for significant developments in point-to-point and broadcast radio, including the new National Broadcasting Company, NBC. The United Fruit Company was a major United States Corporation that traded tropical Fruit (primarily Bananas and Pineapples grown Founded in 1886 as Westinghouse Electric Company and later renamed Westinghouse Electric Corporation by George Westinghouse. Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's
RCA was formed in 1919 as a publicly held company owned by General Electric, which had a controlling interest in the company. The intent was to create an operating company that could purchase and then use GE's powerful Alexanderson alternator radio transmitters, to make it possible for the United States to utilize what were believed to be very limited numbers of radio frequencies before other countries, particularly Great Britain, could buy the alternators and take the frequencies first. This rationale soon collapsed with the discover in the mid-1920s of the practicality of the short wave band for long distance transmissions. [1] The first head was Owen D. Young[2] David Sarnoff became General Manager. Owen D Young ( October 27 1874 - July 11 1962) was an American Industrialist, businessman lawyer and diplomat at the Second
RCA's charter required it be mostly American-owned. RCA took over the assets of American Marconi, and was responsible for marketing GE and Westinghouse's radio equipment. In a subsequent deal, it also acquired the patents of United Fruit and Westinghouse, in exchange for ownership stakes. Later on the company went on a patenting and licensing binge, patenting the superheterodyne concept. In Electronics, the superheterodyne receiver (also known by its full name the supersonic heterodyne receiver, or by the abbreviated form superhet) is a Some of their early radios had their guts hidden in "catacombs" to prevent reverse-engineering.
By 1926, RCA had grasped the market for commercial radio, and purchased the WEAF and WCAP radio stations and network from AT&T, merged them with RCA's own attempt at networking, the WJZ New York/WRC Washington chain, and formed the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's
In 1929, RCA purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the world's largest manufacturer of phonographs (including the famous "Victrola") and phonograph records (in British English, "gramophone records"). Victrola redirects here For other uses see Victrola (disambiguation The Victor Talking Machine Company ( 1901 – 1929 The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded Sound from the 1870s through the 1980s A gramophone British English or UK English ( BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the This new subsidiary then became RCA-Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper trademark. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. Nipper ( 1884 - 1895) was a Dog that served as the model for a painting entitled His Master's Voice which later became identified with a RCA Victor produced many radio-phonographs. The company also created RCA Photophone, a sound-on-film system for sound films that competed with William Fox's sound-on-film Movietone and Warner Bros. sound-on-disc Vitaphone. RCA Photophone was the trade name given to one of four major competing technologies that emerged in the American film industry in the late 1920s for synchronizing electrically recorded Sound-on-film refers to a class of Sound film processes where the sound accompanying picture is physically recorded onto photographic film usually but not always the same William Fox ( January 1, 1879 &ndash May 8, 1952) was a pioneering American Motion picture executive who founded the The Movietone sound system is a Sound-on-film method of recording sound for motion pictures which guarantees synchronisation between the sound and the picture Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and The term Sound-on-disc refers to a class of Sound film processes utilizing a Phonograph or other disc to record or playback Sound in sync with a motion Vitaphone was a Sound film process used on features and nearly 2000 Short subjects produced by Warner Bros
RCA began selling the first electronic turntable in 1930. The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded Sound from the 1870s through the 1980s In 1931, RCA Victor developed and released the first 33⅓ rpm records to the public. These had the standard groove size identical to the contemporary 78 rpm records, rather than the "microgroove" used in post-World War II 33⅓ "Long Play" records. The format was a commercial failure at the height of the Great Depression, partially because the records and playback equipment were expensive, and partially because the technical performance was terrible. (Tracking ability depends upon, among other things, the stylus's radius of curvature, and it would require the smaller-radius stylus of the microgroove system to make slower-speed records track acceptably. ) The system was withdrawn from the market after about a year. (This was not the first attempt at a commercial long play record format, as Edison Records had marketed a microgroove vertically recorded disc with 20 minutes playing time per side the previous decade; the Edison long playing records were also a commercial failure. Edison Records was the first Record label, pioneering Recorded sound and an important player in the early Record industry. )
In 1930, RCA became a crucial and key tenant in the yet to be constructed landmark building of the Rockefeller Center complex, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, which from 1933 became known as the RCA building, now the GE Building. Rockefeller Center is a complex of 19 commercial buildings covering 22 acres between 48th and 51st streets in New York City. The GE Building is an Art Deco Skyscraper that forms the centerpiece of the Rockefeller Center in Midtown Manhattan. This critical lease in the massive project enabled it to proceed as a commercially viable venture. [3]
In 1939, RCA demonstrated an all-electronic television system at the New York World's Fair and developed the USA's first-ever television test pattern. The 1939-40 New York World's Fair, Flushing Meadows-Corona Park (also the location of the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair) was one of the largest With the introduction of the NTSC standard, the Federal Communications Commission authorized the start of commercial television transmission on July 1, 1941. NTSC ( National Television System Committee) is the Analog television system used in the United States, Canada, Japan, Mexico "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. World War II slowed the deployment of television in the US, but RCA began selling television sets almost immediately after the war was over. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including (See also: History of television) RCA labs was closely involved in RADAR and radio development efforts in support of the war effort. The Television Technology can be divided along two lines those developments that depended upon both mechanical and electronic Principles and These development efforts greatly assisted RCA in their Television research efforts.
RCA was one of the leading makers of vacuum tubes (branded Radiotron) in the USA, creating a series of innovative products ranging from octal base Metal tubes co-developed with General Electric before World War II to the transistor-sized Nuvistor used in the tuners of the New Vista series of television sets. This article is about the electronic device not an evacuated pipe used for experiments in Free-fall. Tube sockets were ubiquitous in early electronic equipment to allow Vacuum tubes (also known as valves) to be easily removed for testing and replacement The nuvistor is a type of Vacuum tube announced by RCA in 1959 The Nuvistor tubes were a last hurrah for vacuum tubes and were meant to be a competitive technology for the relatively newly introduced transistors. RCA also partnered with Tung-Sol to produce the legendary 6550 hifi vacuum tube. Tung-Sol was a manufacturer of lamps and vacuum tubes in Newark New Jersey KT88 Vacuum tubes or valves are used in the power sections of Tube amplifiers The KT88 is a beam (kinkless tetrode tube fitting a standard eight-pin Their power in the marketplace was so strong that they effectively set the selling prices for vacuum tubes in the USA. In Economics, market power is the ability of a firm to alter the Market price of a good or service A look at their competitor's price lists shows them to be identical to RCA's, from 1940 through 1970 at least. In spite of this, the company had to completely switch over to making solid-state television sets by 1975.
Antitrust concerns led to the breakup of the NBC radio networks by the FCC, a breakup affirmed by the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. On October 12, 1943, the "NBC Blue" radio network was sold to Life Savers candy magnate Edward J. Noble for $8,000,000, and renamed "The Blue Network, Inc". Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Life Savers is an American brand of ring-shaped mints and artificially fruit-flavored hard candy. Edward John Noble (1882 &ndash 1958 was an American Broadcasting and Candy industrialist originally from Gouverneur, New York. The Blue Network was the on-air name of an American radio production and distribution service from 1942 to 1945 which traced its formal origins back to 1927 It would become the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in 1946. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. The "NBC Red" network retained the NBC name, and RCA retained ownership.
In 1941, prior to Pearl Harbor, the cornerstone was laid for a R&D Facility, RCA Laboratories, located along Route 1 and just north of New Jersey Rte 571 in Princeton, New Jersey. Pearl Harbor is a Harbor on the Island of O{{okina}}ahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. It was in this facility that myriad innovations and key technology such as color television, the electron microscope, CMOS based technology, heterojunction physics, optoelectronic emitting devices, Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs), video cassette recorders, direct broadcast television, direct broadcast satellite systems and high-definition television would be invented and developed during ensuing years. A heterojunction is the interface that occurs between two layers or regions of dissimilar Crystalline Semiconductors These semiconducting materials have unequal (After 1988, the facility would be known as Sarnoff Corporation, a subsidiary of SRI International. Sarnoff Corporation, with headquarters in West Windsor New Jersey, is the former RCA Laboratories )
In 1949, RCA-Victor developed and released the first 45 rpm record to the public, answering CBS/Columbia's 33⅓ rpm "LP". Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company A gramophone
In 1953, RCA's all electronic color-TV technology was adopted as the standard for American color TV; it is now known as NTSC (after the "National Television System Committee" that approved it). NTSC ( National Television System Committee) is the Analog television system used in the United States, Canada, Japan, Mexico RCA cameras and studio gear, particularly of the TK-40/41 series, became standard equipment at many American television network affiliates, as RCA CT-100[4] ("RCA Merrill" to dealers) television sets introduced color television to the public. A camera is a device used to capture images either as still Photographs or as sequences of moving images ( Movies or Videos. The RCA TK-40 is considered to be the first Color Television camera, initially used for special broadcasts in late 1953, and with the follow-on TK-40A Introduced in March 1954 the RCA CT-100 was the first all-electronic consumer Color television set in the USA
In 1955, RCA sold its large appliance operations to Whirlpool Corporation. Whirlpool Corporation ( is a Fortune 500 company and a global manufacturer and marketer of major Home appliances,with annual sales of approximately $18 billion more As part of the deal, Whirlpool was given the rights to market "RCA Whirlpool" appliances through the mid-1960s.
Due to their rarity and technological significance, RCA Merrill/CT-100 (and other early color television receivers) are highly sought-after collectibles. Attic "relics", especially with an RCA emblem, should be assessed by several knowledgeable and trustworthy antique radio or television collectors prior to acquisition.
Despite the company's indisputable leadership in television technology, David Sarnoff in 1955 commented, "Television will never be a medium of entertainment".
RCA was one of the eight major computer companies (along with IBM, Burroughs, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Honeywell, NCR and UNIVAC) through most of the 1960s, but abandoned computers in 1971. A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology The Burroughs Corporation began in 1886 as the American Arithmometer Company in St Control Data Corporation (CDC, was one of the pioneering Supercomputer firms Honeywell ( is a major American multinational conglomerate company that produces a variety of consumer products engineering services and aerospace systems NCR Corporation ( is a technology company specializing in products for the retail and financial sectors UNIVAC serves as the catch-all name for the American manufacturers of the lines of mainframe computers by that name which through mergers and acquisitions underwent
RCA was a major proponent of the eight-track tape cartridge, which it launched in 1965. This is an article about the 8-track cartridge For eight-track multitracking see Multitrack recording. The eight-track cartridge initially had a huge and profitable impact on the consumer marketplace. However, sales of the 8-track tape format peaked early on as consumers increasingly favored the compact cassette tape format developed by competitor Philips. Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV ( Royal Philips Electronics Inc.
A former RCA facility is located in Taiwan's northern county of Taoyuan. More than 1,000 former employees of that facility are suffering from cancer and more than 200 have died. Most believe the company's plants polluted groundwater with toxic chemicals which lead to the outbreak of illness. Richard Knoph, a spokesman for RCA's current owners, Thomson Multimedia of France, denied responsibility for the illnesses, saying a study conducted by the Taiwan government showed no correlation between the illnesses and the company's facilities. He also said a 1999 lawsuit alleging similar connections. [5] After RCA operated the plants for more than two decades, its facilities in northern Taiwan were shut down in 1991 and the area was declared a toxic site by the Taiwanese Environmental Protection Agency. General Electric, which bought RCA in 1986, sold it to Thomson one year later, in 1987. [6] Both GE and Thomson spent millions of dollars for the cleanup of the site in the mid-1990s, removing 10,000 cubic yards (7,600 m³) of soil and installing municipal water treatment facilities for neighboring communities. [7]
In many ways the story of RCA is the story of David Sarnoff. His drive and business acumen led to RCA becoming one of the largest companies in the world, successfully turning it into a conglomerate during the era of their success. A conglomerate is a large Company that consists of seemingly unrelated Business sections However in 1970, at 79 years old, Sarnoff retired and was succeeded by his son Robert. David Sarnoff died the next year; by some accounts, much of RCA's success died with him.
During the 1970s, RCA Corporation, as it was now formally known, ventured into other markets. Under Robert Sarnoff's leadership, RCA diversified far beyond its original focus on electronics and communications. The company acquired Hertz (rental cars), Banquet (frozen foods), Coronet (carpeting), Random House (publishing) and Gibson (greeting cards). The Hertz Corporation (also known as Hertz Rent A Car or simply Hertz) is the largest general-use Car rental company in the world with 1900 locations Banquet Foods is a company that sells food products - primarily frozen Chicken - and still exists as the brand name on many prepared Random House Inc is the world's largest English-language general trade book publisher Despite this diversification, or perhaps because of it, the corporation was plagued by financial problems.
Robert Sarnoff was ousted in a 1975 boardroom coup by Anthony Conrad, who resigned a year later after admitting failing to file income tax returns for six years. A boardroom coup is the sudden overthrow of the management or governing body of a Corporation by an individual or small group of individuals usually from within the company Despite maintaining a high standard of engineering excellence in such fields as broadcast engineering and satellite communications equipment, ventures such as the NBC radio and television networks declined. This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Forays into new consumer electronics products, such as the innovative but technologically obsolescent SelectaVision videodisc system, proved money losers. Consumer electronics include electronic equipment intended for everyday use The Capacitance Electronic Disc (or CED) was a video playback system developed by RCA, in which video and audio could be played back on a TV using a special analog Videodisc (or video disc) is a general term for a Laser - or Stylus -readable random-access circular disc that contains both audio and Video
While maintaining profitability, in 1983, RCA switched manufacturers of its SelectaVision VHS VCRs from Matsushita (Panasonic) to Hitachi. () is a Multinational corporation specializing in high-technology and services headquartered in Marunouchi Itchome Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. SelectaVision was then abandoned in 1985, in a tremendous and very public write-off of several hundred million dollars. Its chief competitor, videotape, held two key advantages: recordability, and lower cost. (Some also claim that easy viewing of pornographic and erotic programs in private was an important factor in favor of the VCR. RCA was unwilling to produce CED discs with adult content, allegedly reducing demand for the CED system. ) VCRs quickly took a dominant market share, and did so at an inauspicious time, just as the market for publicly traded equities was growing rapidly. RCA could not take part in that field, and its better-managed competitors showed superior performance in these years.
In 1984, RCA Broadcast Systems Division relocated from its Camden, New Jersey location to the site of the RCA antenna engineering facility in Gibbsboro, New Jersey. The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into Gibbsboro is a Borough in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. Over time, all of the broadcast product lines developed in Camden were terminated or sold off. Most of the buildings at the Camden site were eventually demolished, save for the original RCA Victor buildings, having been declared national historical buildings. [8]
At the ripest moment, conditions led to RCA's takeover by GE in 1986 and its subsequent break-up. GE sold its 50 percent interest in what was then RCA/Ariola International Records to its partner Bertelsmann and the company was renamed BMG Music for Bertelsmann Music Group. Bertelsmann AG is a transnational media corporation founded in 1835 based in Gütersloh, Germany.
GE sold the rights to make RCA and GE brand consumer electronics products, notably television sets, to the French Thomson Group, in exchange for some of Thomson's medical businesses. After Thomson Group's takeover, many owners of RCA products began to see steep declines in quality.
RCA Laboratories was transferred to SRI International as the David Sarnoff Research Center, subsequently renamed Sarnoff Corporation. SRI International, based in the United States is one of the world's largest contract Research institutes. Sarnoff Corporation, with headquarters in West Windsor New Jersey, is the former RCA Laboratories Sarnoff Corporation, with headquarters in West Windsor New Jersey, is the former RCA Laboratories Sarnoff Labs was put on a five year plan whereby GE would fund the labs activities 100 percent for the first year. That funding declined to zero or near zero after the 5th year of Sarnoff Labs operation. This required the Sarnoff Labs to change their business model to become an industrial contract research facility.
At present, the RCA trademark is used by two companies for products descended from RCA Corporation:
Thomson and BMG bought those assets from General Electric, which took over the RCA conglomerate in 1986 and kept RCA's NBC broadcast television interests (GE sold off the NBC Radio Network and the NBC-owned radio stations). The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Initially, GE continued to control the RCA trademarks (including the rights to the His Master's Voice trademark and the dog Nipper) which were then licensed to Thomson and Bertelsmann. His Master's Voice, today usually abbreviated to HMV, is a famous Trademark in the music business and for many years was the name of a large record label Nipper ( 1884 - 1895) was a Dog that served as the model for a painting entitled His Master's Voice which later became identified with a Thomson eventually bought the RCA trademarks in 2003[9] subject to the perpetual license GE had issued to Sony BMG's predecessor.
In 2002, Thomson and the Chinese company TCL formed a joint venture for the production and distribution of television sets and related consumer products. Tcl (originally from "Tool Command Language" but nonetheless conventionally rendered as "Tcl" rather than "TCL" pronounced as " tickle "
In December 2006, Thomson SA agreed to sell its consumer electronics accessory business, including rights to use the RCA name for consumer electronic accessories, to Audiovox[10]
On October 16, 2007, Thomson SA agreed to sell its consumer electronics audio video business outside Europe including the worldwide rights to the RCA Brand for consumer electronics audio video products[11]
Although Bertelsmann AG was new to the RCA family (though the creation of Sony BMG is similar to that of EMI more than 70 years earlier), Thomson started as the French subsidiary of Thomson-Houston Electric, a company which later evolved into General Electric. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in The Thomson-Houston Electric Company was formed in 1883 when a group of Lynn Massachusetts investors led by Charles A
Due to their popularity during the golden age of radio, their manufacturing quality, their engineering innovations, their styling and their name, RCA antique radios are one of the more sought-after brands of collectible radios. Old-Time Radio (OTR and the Golden Age of Radio refer to a period of Radio programming lasting from the proliferation of radio broadcasting in the early 1920s until Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Design is used both as a Noun and a Verb. The term is often tied to the various Applied arts and Engineering (See design disciplines An antique radio is a Radio receiving set that is collectible because of its age and uniqueness
The historic old RCA Victor Building 17 in Camden, New Jersey, was redeveloped in 2003 as a high-rise luxury apartment building. The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. [12][13]