Qasida (also spelled qasidah) in Arabic: قصيدة, plural qasā'id, قــصــائـد; in Persian: قصیده (or چكامه, chakameh), is a form of poetry from pre-Islamic Arabia. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) It typically runs more than 50 lines, and sometimes more than 100. It was later inherited by the Persians, where it became sometimes longer than 100 lines and was used and developed immensely. layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox
Qasida is often panegyric written in praise of a king or a nobleman. A panegyric is a formal public speech, or (in later use written verse delivered in high praise of a Person or thing, a generally highly studied and discriminating This kind of qasidah is known as a madih meaning praise. Qasidas have a single presiding subject, logically developed and concluded.
The classic form of qasida maintains a single elaborate meter throughout the poem, and every line rhymes. In Poetry, the meter or metre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse. These poems are considered some of the most elaborate in the world.
In his 9th century Kitab al-shi'r wa-al-shu'ara' (Book of Poetry and Poets) the Arabic writer ibn Qutaybah says that (Arabic) qasida are formed of three parts: - They start, he says, with a nostalgic opening in which the poets reflects on what has passed, known as nasib. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Ibn Qutaybah (828 - 889 CE / 213 - 276 AH was a renowned Islamic scholar from A common concept is the pursuit of the poet of the caravan of his love; by the time he reaches their campsite they have already moved on. - The nasib is usually followed by the takhallus - a release or disengagement. The poet often achieved this disengagement by describing his transition from the nostalgia of the nasib to the next portion of the poem. The second section is rahil (travel section) in which the poet contemplates the harshness of nature and life away from the tribe. - Finally there is the message of the poem, which can take several forms: praise of the tribe, fakhr; satire about other tribes, hija; or some moral maxims, hikam.
While a lot of poets have intentionally or unintentionally deviated from this plan in their qasida it is recognisable in many.
One of the most popular and well known qasidas is the Qasida Burda ("Poem of the Mantle") by Imam al-Busiri, which is based on the quintessential classical qasida by Ka'b ibn Zuhayr. Qaṣīda al-Burda ( Arabic: قصيدة البردة, "Poem of the Mantle" is an ode of praise for the Islamic prophet Muhammad Būsīrī ( Abū 'Abdallāh Muhammad ibn Sa'īd ul-Būsīrī) ( 1211 &ndash 1294) was an Egyptian Poet who lived in Egypt, Ibn Zuhayr's classical qasida was composed at the dawn of Islam, and as a token of his conversion. In exchange for his poem, the Prophet Muhammad awarded Ibn Zuhayr his burda, or mantle.
Persian Variation of Qasideh
As mentioned above, after the 10th century, Iranians developed qasideh immensely and used it for very different purposes other than praise or nostalgia as did Arabs originally for the tribal and nomadic life. For example, Naser Khosro used qasideh extensively for philosophical, theological, and ethical purposes. Abu Mo’in Hamid ad-Din Nasir ibn Khusraw al-Qubadiani or Nasir Khusraw Qubadyani spelled ''Khusrow'' (1004 - 1088 AD ( was a Persian ( Tajik) poet philosopher Even Avicenna used qasideh to express philosophical ideas. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> ( Persian /ابو علی الحسین ابن عبدالله ابن سینا (born
In the Persian style, the opening is usually description of a natural event like seasons (spring, fall, etc) or a natural landscape, or an imaginary sweetheart. If it's about the spring it's called 'baharieh' (in Persian: بهاريه or Spring Poem), if it's about the fall it's called 'khazanieh' (in Persian: خزانيه, or Autumn Poem). Then there comes the 'takhallos' (disengagement or escape or the main purpose) where the poets usually addresses themselves by using their pen name. Then the last section is the main purpose of the poet in writing the poem. Because, after all, 'qasideh' literally means intention and it was used to ask for support from a patron or to state a petition.
In Persian the best qasidehs are those by
- Farrokhi Sistani, the court poet of Mahmoud Ghaznavi (11th century), especially his 'Hunting Scene' (in Persian: قصيده شكارگاه),
- Masud Sa'd Salman (12th century) who was wrongfully imprisoned on the suspicion of treason
- Anvari Abiverdi, (12th century) especially his petition for help against the invasion of Mongols
- Khaghani Shervani (12th century)
- and in the 20th century, Mohammad Taghi Bahar with his innovations in using qasideh for political purposes. Abul Hasan Ali ibn Julugh Farrukhi Sistani was a 10th century and 11th century royal poet of Ghaznavids. Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی Maḥmūd-e Ghaznawī ( November 2, 971 - April 30, 1030) also known as Yāmīn Mas'ud-i Sa'd-i Salmān (1046 - 1121 CE was an 11th century Persian poet of the Ghaznavid empire Anvari (1126–1189 full name Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mohammad Khavarani or Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mahmud ( was one of the greatest Persian Poets Khāqāni or Khāghāni ( 1121 / 1122) &ndash 1190) (Persian خاقانی a Persian poet who was born in Shirvan, under the Mohammad-Taqí Bahār (محمد تقی بهار in Persian) ( November 6, 1884, Mashhad, Iran &mdash April 22, 1951
After the Mongol invasion and starting in the 14th century, Persian poets became more interested in ghazal and the qasideh declined in status. In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is a Ghazal was originally developed from the first part of qasideh where the poets praised their sweethearts. The mystic poets and sufis used ghazal for mystical purposes. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفیگری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف
See also
External links
For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Sufi poetry has been written in many languages both for private devotional reading and as lyrics for music played during worship or Dhikr. Urdu poetry ( Urdu: اردو شاعری, Urdu Shayari) is one of the most dominant and prominent poetries of times and has many different colours & types Qaṣīda al-Burda ( Arabic: قصيدة البردة, "Poem of the Mantle" is an ode of praise for the Islamic prophet Muhammad Qawwali ( Urdu / Persian: قوٌالی; Punjabi / Multani: ਖ਼ਵ੍ਵਾਲੀ قوٌالی Brajbhasha / HindiDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic