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Ptolemy XII smashing his enemies with a royal mace. Relief from the first pylon in the temple at Edfu
Ptolemy XII smashing his enemies with a royal mace. Relief from the first pylon in the temple at Edfu
Numbering the Ptolemies is a modern invention; the Greeks distinguished them by nickname. Edfu (also spelt Idfu or in modern French as Edfou and known in antiquity as Behdet) is an Egyptian city located on the west bank The number given here is the present consensus; but there has been some disagreement about which Ptolemies should be counted as reigning. Older sources may give a number one higher or lower, but the same epithet.

Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Διόνυσος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ Θεός Φιλάδελφος), New Dionysus, God Beloved of his Father, God Beloved of his Brother) (117 BC – 51 BC) was of Macedonian descent and son of Ptolemy IX Soter II. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman Year 51 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Marcus Claudius Marcellus The Ancient Macedonians (Μακεδόνες Makedónes were an ancient tribe which inhabited the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmon and lower Axius, north Ptolemy IX Soter II or Lathyros (" Chickpea " ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ Λάθυρος, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr His mother was probably Cleopatra IV of Egypt. Cleopatra IV was the daughter of Ptolemy VIII Physcon and Cleopatra III (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα which means "she who has a glorious father" He was king of Egypt from 80 BC to 58 BC and from 55 BC until his death in 51 BC. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Year 80 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Battle of the Baetis River — Democratic rebel Year 58 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus Year 55 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Marcus Licinius Crassus and He was more commonly known as "Auletes" (The Flutist), or "Nothos" (The Bastard).

Contents

Life

In 80 BC, Ptolemy XII succeeded Ptolemy XI to the throne of Egypt. Ptolemy XI Alexander II (grc Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty who ruled Egypt for a The latter had been lynched by an angry crowd, after he had killed his popular coregent Berenice III, who was incidentally also a daughter of Ptolemy IX Soter II. Berenice III (120&ndash80 BC Greek: Βερενίκη) sometimes called Cleopatra Berenice, ruled as queen of Egypt from 81 to 80 BC and possibly Ptolemy IX Soter II or Lathyros (" Chickpea " ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ Λάθυρος, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr When Ptolemy XI died without a male heir, the only available male descendents of the Ptolemy I lineage were the illegitimate sons of Ptolemy IX by an unknown Alexandrian Greek concubine (Clayton, 1994) . The boys were living in exile in Sinope, at the court of Mithridates VI, King of Pontus. Sinop ( Greek: Σινώπη /Sinope is a city with a population of 47000 on İnce Burun ( İnceburun, Cape Ince) by its See Mithridates for people and concepts with the same name Mithridates VI (Μιθριδάτης 132&ndash63 BC also known as Mithridates Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges The eldest of the boys was proclaimed king as Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos and married his sister, Tryphaena.

At first, Ptolemy XII was coregent with his daughter Cleopatra VI Tryphaena and his wife Cleopatra V Tryphaena, but the former mysteriously disappears from the records in 69 BC. Cleopatra VI Tryphaena ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Τρύφαινα) was an Egyptian Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα, born c Year 69 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus

Ptolemy XII's personal cult name (Neos Dionysos) earned him the ridiculing sobriquet Auletes (flute player) — as we learn from Strabo's writing (Strabo XVII, 1, 11):

Now all at kings after the third Ptolemy, being corrupted by luxurious living, have administered the affairs of government badly, but worst of all the fourth, seventh, and the last, Auletes, who, apart from his general licentiousness, practised the accompaniment of choruses with the flute, and upon this he prided himself so much that he would not hesitate to celebrate contests in the royal palace, and at these contests would come forward to vie with the opposing contestants. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher.

The first pylon at Edfu Temple was decorated by Ptolemy XII in 57 BC with figures of himself smiting the enemy.
The first pylon at Edfu Temple was decorated by Ptolemy XII in 57 BC with figures of himself smiting the enemy. Pylon is the Greek term for a monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple (Egyptian bxn Edfu (also spelt Idfu or in modern French as Edfou and known in antiquity as Behdet) is an Egyptian city located on the west bank

During his reign, Ptolemy XII tried to secure his own fate and the fate of his dynasty by means of a pro-Roman policy. At the height of his success in 59 BC, after paying substantial bribes to Julius Caesar and Pompey, a formal alliance was formed (foedera) and his name was inscribed into the list of friends and allies of the people of Rome (amici et socii populi Romani). Year 59 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation However in 58 BC after he failed to comment on the Roman conquest of Cyprus, a territory ruled by his brother, he was forced to flee to Rome. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía His daughter Berenice IV became his successor. Berenice IV ( Greek: Βερενίκη) born in Alexandria, Egypt in 77 BC, died in Alexandria 55 BC, was the daughter of Ptolemy

From Rome he prosecuted his restitution, finding favor with his old ally Pompey but meeting some opposition with certain members of the Senate. Dio Cassius reports that a group of 100 men were sent as envoys from Egypt to make their case to the Romans against Ptolemy XII, but Ptolemy had most of these killed before they reached Rome. Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ( Greek:) (c 155 or 163/164 to after 229 known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius, or Dio was He finally recovered his throne by paying Aulus Gabinius 10,000 talents to invade Egypt in 55 BC. Aulus Gabinius, Roman statesman and general and supporter of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, was a prominent figure in the later days of the Roman Berenice was executed. From then on he reigned until he fell ill in 51 BC.

Soon before his death he chose his daughter Cleopatra VII as his coregent. Cleopatra VII Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC &ndash 30 BC was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt In his will he declared that she and her brother Ptolemy XIII should rule the kingdom together. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Theós Philopátōr, lived 62 BC/61 BC– To safeguard his interests, he made the people of Rome executors of his will.

Auletes means pipes-player, and refers to his chubby cheeks (a Ptolemaic family trait ), like the inflated cheeks of a pipe-player.

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Preceded by:
Ptolemy XI		Ptolemaic King of Egypt
First Reign
with Cleopatra V and Cleopatra VI		Succeeded by:
Cleopatra V and Berenice IV
Berenice IVPtolemaic King of Egypt
Second Reign
with Cleopatra VII		Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra VII
Ptolemy XI Alexander II (grc Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty who ruled Egypt for a The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα, born c Cleopatra VI Tryphaena ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Τρύφαινα) was an Egyptian Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα, born c Berenice IV ( Greek: Βερενίκη) born in Alexandria, Egypt in 77 BC, died in Alexandria 55 BC, was the daughter of Ptolemy Berenice IV ( Greek: Βερενίκη) born in Alexandria, Egypt in 77 BC, died in Alexandria 55 BC, was the daughter of Ptolemy The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family Cleopatra VII Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC &ndash 30 BC was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator ( Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Theós Philopátōr, lived 62 BC/61 BC– Cleopatra VII Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC &ndash 30 BC was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt
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