Edgar Cayce (1877–1945) was one of the best-known American psychics of the 20th century and made many highly publicized predictions. Edgar Cayce ( March 18, 1877 &ndash January 3, 1945) (ˈkeɪsiː was an American psychic. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on

In popular culture the word psychic (pronounced /ˈsaɪkɨk/; from the Greek psychikos—"of the soul, mental") refers to the claimed ability to perceive things hidden from the senses through means of extra-sensory perception. Extrasensory perception (ESP is the apparent ability to acquire information by Paranormal means independent of any known physical Senses or deduction from previous The term also refers to theatrical performers who use techniques such as prestidigitation and cold reading to produce the appearance of having such abilities. Sleight of hand, also known as prestidigitation ("quick fingers" or léger de main (from the French for "lightness of hand" Cold reading is a technique used by mentalists and fortune tellers, Psychics and mediums to determine details about another person in order to Parapsychologists attempt to study what some believe are psychic phenomena using a variety of methods such as random number generators to test for psychokinesis or the Ganzfeld experiment to test for extra-sensory perception. A random number generator (often abbreviated as RNG is a computational or physical device designed to generate a sequence of Numbers or symbols that lack any The term psychokinesis (from the Greek ψυχή, "psyche" meaning mind soul heart or breath; and κίνησις, "kinesis" A ganzfeld experiment (from the German for “entire field” is a technique used in the field of Parapsychology to test individuals for Extra-sensory perception Extrasensory perception (ESP is the apparent ability to acquire information by Paranormal means independent of any known physical Senses or deduction from previous ^[1]

Early examples of individuals thought by some to have psychic powers include the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi who was thought to provide prophecies from Apollo himself^[2] as well as Nostradamus, a French apothecary who is thought by some to have had the ability to predict the future. An oracle is a person or agency considered to be a source of wise counsel or prophetic opinion an Infallible authority usually spiritual in nature Delphi ( Greek,) ( pronounce and dialectal forms) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western Michel de Nostredame (14 December 1503 or 21 December 1503 &ndash 2 July 1566 usually Latinized to Nostradamus, was a French Apothecary This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ^[3] During the 19th century belief in psychics became more common and many notable individuals gained notoriety including Daniel Dunglas Home. Daniel Dunglas Home (pronounced 'Hume' ( March 20, 1833 – June 21, 1886) was a Scottish Spiritualist, famous as

Psychics are also very popular in science fiction today and many works of fiction include individuals with psychic abilities, including The Dead Zone by Stephen King as well as Jean Grey from the Marvel comic book universe. The Dead Zone is a Novel by Stephen King published in 1979. It is about Johnny Smith, who is injured in an accident and enters Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Musician, Columnist, Jean Grey-Summers ( née Jean Grey is a Fictional Comic book superheroine appearing in books published by Marvel Comics. Today, belief in psychic phenomena is widespread amongst the general public. A 2005 Gallup poll concluded that 41% of Americans believe in extra-sensory perception. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Gallup Poll is the division of Gallup that regularly conducts public Opinion polls in the United States and more than 140 countries around the world Extrasensory perception (ESP is the apparent ability to acquire information by Paranormal means independent of any known physical Senses or deduction from previous ^[4]

The existence of extra sensory psychic abilities is disputed by skeptics who contend that there is no scientific evidence supporting such abilities and apparent psychic phenomena are nothing more than intentional trickery or self delusion. A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed False Belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false fanciful or derived from Deception ^[5]

History

Etymology

The word psychic is derived from the Greek word psychikos (of the soul/mental) and refers in part to the human mind or psyche (ex. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly "psychic turmoil"). French astronomer and spiritualist Camille Flammarion is credited as having first used the word psychic, while it was later introduced to the English language by Edward William Cox in the 1870s. Spiritualism is a Religion founded in part on the writings of the Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772 Nicolas Camille Flammarion ( February 26 1842 &ndash June 3 1925) was a French Astronomer and author English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Events and Trends Technology The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G ^[6] Some credit William Crookes, an English chemist and physicist, as having first used the term in describing medium and magician Daniel Dunglas Home. Sir William Crookes, OM, FRS (17 June 1832 – 4 April 1919 was an English Chemist and Physicist. A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Mediumship is a practice in religious beliefs such as Spiritualism, Spiritism, Espiritismo, Candomblé, Louisiana Voodoo, and A magician is a person skilled in the mysterious and hidden art of magic, the ability to attain objectives acquire knowledge or perform works of wonder using Supernatural Daniel Dunglas Home (pronounced 'Hume' ( March 20, 1833 – June 21, 1886) was a Scottish Spiritualist, famous as ^[7]

Early seers and prophets

Aegeus, a mythical king of Athens, consults the Pythia, who sits on a tripod. For the Spartan hero Aegeus see Aegeus (hero. In Greek mythology, Aegeus (Αἰγεύς also Aigeus, Aegeas Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's

Elaborate systems of divination and fortune-telling date back to ancient times. Divination (from Latin divinare "to be inspired by a god" related to Divine, Diva and Deus) is the attempt of ascertaining Fortune-telling is the practice of predicting the future usually of an individual through mystical or supernatural means and often for commercial gain Perhaps the most widely-known system of early civilization fortune-telling was astrology, where practitioners believed the relative positions of celestial bodies could lend insight into people's lives and even predict their future circumstances. Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems s are significant physical entities, associations or structures which current Science has confirmed to exist in Space. Some fortune-tellers were said to be able to make predictions without the use of these elaborate systems (or in conjunction with them), through some sort of direct apprehension or vision of the future. A prediction is a statement or claim that a particular Event will occur in the Future in more certain terms than a forecast. In Spirituality including Religion, visions comprise Inspirational renderings generally of a Future state and/or of a mythical These people were known as seers or prophets, and in later times as clairvoyants and psychics. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain The word psychic (ˈsaɪkɨk from the Greek psychikos—"of the soul mental" refers to the claimed ability to perceive things hidden from the normal senses

Seers formed a functionary role in early civilization, often serving as advisors, priests, and judges. ^[8] A number of examples are included in biblical accounts. The book of 1 Samuel (Chapter 9) illustrates one such functionary task when Samuel is asked to locate the donkeys of the future king Saul. The Books of Samuel ( Hebrew: Sefer Sh'muel ספר שמואל are part of the Tanakh (part of Judaism 's Hebrew Bible) and also of Samuel ( Hebrew: שְׁמוּאֵל, Standard Šəmuʼel Tiberian Šəmûʼēl) is an important Saul (שאול המלך (or Sha'ul) ( Arabic: طالوت,Tālūt ( (reigned 1047 - 1007 BCE is identified in the Books of Samuel, 1 Chronicles ^[9] The role of prophet appeared perennially in ancient cultures. In Egypt, the priests of Ra at Memphis acted as seers. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Ra (pronounced Rah and sometimes as Rê, is an Ancient Egyptian sun god. Memphis was the ancient capitol of the first nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 2200 BC and In ancient Assyria seers were referred to as nabu, meaning "to call" or "announce". Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture ^[8]

The Delphic Oracle is one of the earliest stories in classical antiquity of prophetic abilities. PYTHIA is a computer simulation program for particle collisions at very high energies (see Event (particle physics) in Particle accelerators Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean The Pythia, the priestess presiding over the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi, was believed to be able to deliver prophecies inspired by Apollo during rituals beginning in the 8th century BC. PYTHIA is a computer simulation program for particle collisions at very high energies (see Event (particle physics) in Particle accelerators An oracle is a person or agency considered to be a source of wise counsel or prophetic opinion an Infallible authority usually spiritual in nature Delphi ( Greek,) ( pronounce and dialectal forms) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western Prophecy, generally describes the disclosing of Information that is not known to the Prophet by any ordinary means The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. ^[2] It is often said that the Pythia delivered oracles in a frenzied state induced by vapors rising from the ground, and that she spoke gibberish, believed to be the voice of Apollo, which priests reshaped into the enigmatic prophecies preserved in Greek literature. ^[10] Other scholars believe records from the time indicate that the Pythia spoke intelligibly, and gave prophecies in her own voice. ^[11] The Pythia was a position served by a succession of women probably selected from amongst a guild of priestesses of the temple. The last recorded response was given in 393 AD, when the emperor Theodosius I ordered pagan temples to cease operation. Flavius Theodosius (January 11 347 – January 17 395 also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great ( Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄ Recent geological investigations raise the possibility that ethylene gas caused the Pythia's state of inspiration. Structure This Hydrocarbon has four Hydrogen Atoms bound to a pair of Carbon atoms that are connected by a Double bond. ^[12][13]

Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus) was a seer who published collections of prophecies in the 1500s. Michel de Nostredame (14 December 1503 or 21 December 1503 &ndash 2 July 1566 usually Latinized to Nostradamus, was a French Apothecary Prophecy, generally describes the disclosing of Information that is not known to the Prophet by any ordinary means

One of the most enduring historical references to what some consider to be psychic ability is the prophecies of Michel de Nostredame (1503 – 1566), often Latinized to Nostradamus, published during the French Renaissance period. Michel de Nostredame (14 December 1503 or 21 December 1503 &ndash 2 July 1566 usually Latinized to Nostradamus, was a French Apothecary Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Michel de Nostredame (14 December 1503 or 21 December 1503 &ndash 2 July 1566 usually Latinized to Nostradamus, was a French Apothecary French Renaissance is a recent term used to describe a cultural and artistic movement in France from the late 15th century to the early 17th century Nostradamus, was a French apothecary and seer who wrote collections of prophecies that have since become famous world-wide and have rarely been out of print since his death. Michel de Nostredame (14 December 1503 or 21 December 1503 &ndash 2 July 1566 usually Latinized to Nostradamus, was a French Apothecary This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Prophecy, generally describes the disclosing of Information that is not known to the Prophet by any ordinary means He is best known for his book Les Propheties, the first edition of which appeared in 1555. Taken together, his written works are known to have contained at least 6,338 quatrains or prophecies,^[3] as well as at least eleven annual calendars. A quatrain is a Poem, or a Stanza within a poem that consists always of four lines Most of the quatrains deal with disasters, such as plagues, earthquakes, wars, floods, invasions, murders, droughts, and battles — all undated.

Nostradamus is a controversial figure. His many enthusiasts, as well as the popular press, credit him with predicting numerous major world events. Interest in his work is still considerable, especially in the media and in popular culture. The prophecies of the sixteenth century author Nostradamus have become a ubiquitous part of the Popular culture of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries By contrast, most academic scholars maintain that the associations made between world events and Nostradamus' quatrains are largely the result of misinterpretations or mistranslations (sometimes deliberate) or else are so tenuous as to render them useless as evidence of any genuine predictive power. ^[14]

In addition to the belief that some historical figures were endowed with a predisposition to psychic experiences, some psychic abilities were thought to be available to everyone on occasion. For example, the belief in prophetic dreams was common and persistent in many ancient cultures. ^[15]

Modern psychics

In the mid-nineteenth century, Modern Spiritualism became prominent in the United States and the United Kingdom. Spiritualism is a Religion founded in part on the writings of the Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The movement's distinguishing feature was the belief that the spirits of the dead could be contacted by mediums to lend insight to the living. The English word " spirit " comes from the Latin " spiritus " (breath Mediumship is a practice in religious beliefs such as Spiritualism, Spiritism, Espiritismo, Candomblé, Louisiana Voodoo, and ^[5] The movement was fueled in part by anecdotes of psychic powers. One such person believed to have extraordinary abilities was Daniel Dunglas Home, who gained notoriety during the Victorian period for his reported ability to levitate to a variety of heights and speak to the dead. Daniel Dunglas Home (pronounced 'Hume' ( March 20, 1833 – June 21, 1886) was a Scottish Spiritualist, famous as Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities ^[16]

As the Spiritualist movement grew other comparable groups arose, including the Theosophical Society, which was co-founded in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky (1831–1891). The Theosophical Society was the organization formed to advance the spiritual principles and search for Truth known as Theosophy. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Elena Petrovna Gan (Елена Петровна Ган also Hélène, Yekaterinoslav, Ukraine, Russian Empire — May 8 1891 London) better Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Theosophy coupled spiritualist elements with Eastern mysticism and was influential in the early 20th century, later influencing the New Age movement during the 1970s. New Age ( New Age Movement and New Age Spirituality) is a Social Collective Phenomenon and a Spiritual Nature This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Blavatsky herself claimed numerous psychic powers. ^[17]

Popular culture

Belief in psychic abilities

A survey of the beliefs of the general United States population regarding paranormal topics was conducted by the Gallup Organization in 2005. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Gallup Organization provides a variety of Management consulting, human resources and statistical research services Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[4] The survey found that 41 percent of those polled believed in extrasensory perception and 26 percent believed in clairvoyance. Extrasensory perception (ESP is the apparent ability to acquire information by Paranormal means independent of any known physical Senses or deduction from previous Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain Thirty-one percent of those surveyed indicated that they believe in telepathy or psychic communication.

A poll of 439 college students conducted in 2006 by researchers Bryan Farha of Oklahoma City University and Gary Steward of University of Central Oklahoma, suggested that college seniors and graduate students were more likely to believe in psychic phenomena than college freshmen. Oklahoma City University, abbreviated OCU, is a Coeducational, urban private University located in Oklahoma City, in the Midtown The University of Central Oklahoma, often referred to as UCO, is a four year Coeducational public University located in Edmond, Twenty-three percent of college freshmen expressed a belief in paranormal ideas. The percentage was greater among college seniors (31%) and graduate students (34%). ^[18]

Some people also believe that psychic abilities can be activated or enhanced through the study and practice of various disciplines and techniques such as meditation, with a number of books and websites being dedicated to instruction in these methods. Another popular belief is that psychic ability is hereditary, with a psychic parent passing their abilities on to their children. ^[19]

Psychic advice industry

Many people proclaim to have psychic abilities and some make a living as professional fortune tellers or earn celebrity hosting their own TV programs. Fortune-telling is the practice of predicting the future usually of an individual through mystical or supernatural means and often for commercial gain Individuals such as John Edward and Sylvia Browne either have their own television shows or are frequently featured on talk shows. John Edward McGee Jr (born October 19, 1969) better known as John Edward, is an American author and Television personality Sylvia Browne (born Sylvia Celeste Shoemaker October 19, 1936) is a best-selling American Author on the subject of Spirituality (see Paranormal television). Paranormal television is a genre of popular television broadcasting

Some psychics are first known by the public as celebrities. Rock singer and actress Danielle Egnew, whose psychic work with law enforcement and claim to many predictions such as the 2001 New York 9/11 Twin Towers disaster and the Iraq War, have resulted in her frequent radio and television appearances as a psychic, rather than a singer. Danielle Egnew is a musician actress vocalist media personality Psychic, and activist known in the areas of music film radio and television for both performing and producing

Other celebrity psychics, like Tana Hoy, attempt to help people identify and fine tune their psychic abilities. They teach classes and liken the instruction to coaching a fine art like singing, painting or writing.

Science fiction

The use of psychic abilities as a plot device or super power is common in fiction. Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. Psychic abilities in science fiction are frequently depicted as inborn and heritable, as in Alfred Bester's The Demolished Man, A. E. van Vogt's Slan, and the television series Babylon 5. Alfred Bester ( December 18, 1913 - September 30, 1987) known to his friends as Alfie, was an American science fiction The Demolished Man, by Alfred Bester, is a Science fiction novel that was the first Hugo Award winner in 1953 Alfred Elton van Vogt (April 26 1912 – January 26 2000 was a Canadian -born Science fiction author who was one of the most prolific Slan is also the name of a character in Berserk (manga; for the Irish phrase see Slán Abhaile Slan is a Science Babylon 5 is an American science fiction television series created produced and largely written by J Another recurring trope is the conveyance of psychic power through psychoactive drugs, as in the Dune novels and indirectly in the Scanners films. Dune is a Science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert and published in 1965. Scanners is a 1981 action / Science fiction / Horror film written and directed by David Cronenberg. Somewhat differently, in Madeleine L'Engle's A Wind in the Door and Robert A. Heinlein's Stranger in a Strange Land, psychic abilities may be achieved by any human who learns the proper mental discipline, known as kything in the former work and grokking in the latter. Madeleine L'Engle ( November 29 1918 &ndash September 6 2007) was an American writer best known for her Young Adult fiction A Wind in the Door ( 1973, ISBN 0-374-38443-6 is a young adult Science fantasy Novel by Madeleine L'Engle. Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Stranger in a Strange Land is a best-selling 1961 Hugo Award -winning Science fiction Novel by Robert A Psychic characters are also common in superhero comic books, for instance Jean Grey and Professor X from the Marvel comic X-Men. A superhero (sometimes rendered super-hero or super hero) is a Fictional character "of unprecedented physical prowess dedicated to acts of derring-do A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative Jean Grey-Summers ( née Jean Grey is a Fictional Comic book superheroine appearing in books published by Marvel Comics. Charles Francis Xavier, also known as Professor X, is a Fictional character, a Marvel Comics Superhero known as the leader and founder of The X-Men is a team of fictional Superhero characters in Comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Validity of psychic abilities

Psychical research

Main article: Parapsychology

Participant of a Ganzfeld Experiment which proponents say may show evidence of telepathy. Parapsychology is a discipline that seeks to demonstrate the existence and causes of Psychic abilities and life after death using the Scientific method Telepathy ( Greek τηλε tele meaning "distant" and πάθεια patheia meaning "to be affected by" describes the purported transfer

Psychical research is largely conducted in the field of parapsychology. Parapsychology is a discipline that seeks to demonstrate the existence and causes of Psychic abilities and life after death using the Scientific method Parapsychological research uses a variety of qualitative and quantitative methodologies in an attempt to find evidence for psychic ability. A quantitative attribute is one that exists in a range of magnitudes and can therefore be measured. ^[20] The experimental methods of parapsychologists include the use of random number generators to test for psychokinesis, mild sensory deprivation in the Ganzfeld experiment to test for extra-sensory perception, and research trials conducted under contract by the U. A random number generator (often abbreviated as RNG is a computational or physical device designed to generate a sequence of Numbers or symbols that lack any The term psychokinesis (from the Greek ψυχή, "psyche" meaning mind soul heart or breath; and κίνησις, "kinesis" A ganzfeld experiment (from the German for “entire field” is a technique used in the field of Parapsychology to test individuals for Extra-sensory perception Extrasensory perception (ESP is the apparent ability to acquire information by Paranormal means independent of any known physical Senses or deduction from previous S. government to investigate remote viewing. Remote Viewing (RV refers to the attempt to gather information about a distant or unseen target using paranormal means or Extra-sensory perception. The statistical methods of parapsychologists have generated a number of meta-analytical studies, which combine the data from several previous experiments into one large data set. In Statistics, a meta-analysis combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses Although all of the research methods of parapsychology have contributed to the field, the experimental and statistical methods have attracted much attention and debate. ^[1][21]

Parapsychology is a fringe science because it involves research that does not fit within standard theoretical models accepted by mainstream science. Fringe science is scientific Inquiry in an established Field of study which departs significantly from Mainstream or Orthodox Scientific modelling is the process of generating abstract, conceptual, Graphical and or mathematical models. Scientific consensus is the collective judgement position and Opinion of the community of Scientists in a particular field of Science at a particular Scientists such as psychologists Ray Hyman and James A. Ray Hyman (born June 23, 1928, Chelsea Massachusetts) is a Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Oregon in Eugene Alcock, among others, are critical of the methodology and results of parapsychology. Skeptical researchers suggest that methodological flaws best explain apparently successful experimental results, as opposed to the paranormal explanations offered by many parapsychologists. Some critical analysts argue that parapsychology crosses the line into pseudoscience. Pseudoscience is defined as a body of knowledge methodology belief or practice that is claimed to be Scientific or made to appear scientific but does not adhere to the [1] To date, no evidence has been accepted by the mainstream scientific community as irrefutably supporting paranormal phenomena. Scientific consensus is the collective judgement position and Opinion of the community of Scientists in a particular field of Science at a particular ^{[22][23][24][25]}

Skepticism

The existence of psychic abilities and the validity of parapsychological experiments is disputed by skeptics. Skeptics assert that the evidence presented for psychic phenomena is not sufficiently verified for scientific acceptance and contend that there are better non-paranormal alternative explanations available. ^[5] Many parapsychologists who study psychic phenomena agree that many of the instances of more popular psychic phenomena such as mediumism and other psychic feats, can be attributed to non-paranormal techniques such as cold reading and hot reading, or even self-delusion. Parapsychology is a discipline that seeks to demonstrate the existence and causes of Psychic abilities and life after death using the Scientific method Mediumship is a practice in religious beliefs such as Spiritualism, Spiritism, Espiritismo, Candomblé, Louisiana Voodoo, and Cold reading is a technique used by mentalists and fortune tellers, Psychics and mediums to determine details about another person in order to Hot reading is the use of foreknowledge when giving a " Psychic " reading in Stage magic performances A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed False Belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false fanciful or derived from Deception ^[26][27] Magicians such as Ian Rowland and Derren Brown have demonstrated techniques and results similar to those of popular psychics, but they present psychological explanations opposed to paranormal ones. Ian Rowland is a writer and entertainer who lives in South Croydon just outside London, England. Derren Victor Brown (born 27 February 1971 is an English magician, psychological Illusionist, Mentalist, painter and ^[28] They have identified, described, and developed complex psychological techniques of cold reading and hot reading. Cold reading is a technique used by mentalists and fortune tellers, Psychics and mediums to determine details about another person in order to Hot reading is the use of foreknowledge when giving a " Psychic " reading in Stage magic performances

See also

• Psychic detective
• Scrying
• Mediumship
• Magic (paranormal)
• Mentalist

Footnotes

External links

• The Society for Psychical Research — Founded in 1882 to examine psychic phenomena scientifically.
• James Randi Educational Foundation — Educational resource on skepticism of the paranormal, pseudoscientific, and the supernatural.
• Parapsychological Association website — Professional organization of scientists and scholars engaged in the study of psychic phenomena.
• Psychic essay in the Skeptic's Dictionary, by Robert Todd Carroll. Robert Todd Carroll (born 1945 PhD, is an American writer and academic
• Nonsense (And Why It's So Popular) A course syllabus from The College of Wooster.