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Princess Irene Emma Elisabeth of the Netherlands (born August 5, 1939), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the second child of then Princess Juliana of the Netherlands (later Queen Juliana) and Prince Bernhard, a prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Soestdijk Palace is one of the four official palaces of the Dutch royal family. Carlos Hugo Duke of Parma and Piacenza (born April 8, 1930 in Paris, France) is the current titular Duke of Parma and the head Early life Born in Nijmegen. Together with her mother and her siblings she moved from Spain to The Netherlands, to live with her grandparents Queen Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (29 June 1911 in Jena – 1 December 2004 in Utrecht) Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld born HSH Count Bernhard Leopold Friedrich Juliana (Juliana Emma Louise Marie Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau 30 April 1909 &ndash 20 March 2004) was Queen regnant of the Children Princess Margriet and Pieter van Vollenhoven have four sons Prince Maurits (born 17 April 1968) m Birth She was born Maria Christina (Marijke at Soestdijk Palace The Netherlands The Netherlands has been an independent Monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau Willem-Alexander Prince of Orange (in Dutch: Prins van Oranje Princess Máxima of the Netherlands ( Née Máxima Zorreguieta; born May 17, 1971) is the spouse of Willem-Alexander Prince of Orange Life Princess Catharina-Amalia was born in the Bronovo Hospital in The Hague. Life Princess Alexia was born in the Bronovo Hospital in The Hague. Birth Princess Ariane was born in the Bronovo Hospital in The Hague at 2156 local time on April 10, 2007 as the third child and third daughter of Education and work The prince studied in 1988 mechanical engineering at the University of California Berkeley, and from 1988 to 1994 at Delft University of Technology Early life She was born Mabel Martine Los to Henk Los and Flos Kooman Names Emma refers to her great-grandmother Queen Emma and her godmother Emma Bonino Luana is a Germanic Names Joanna refers to her father Johan Friso Zaria refers to the Slavonian goddess Zaria. Issue Early life Petra Laurentien Brinkhorst was born in Leiden on 25 May 1966 the daughter of the former Dutch minister of Economic Affairs Laurens Jan Brinkhorst and Children Princess Margriet and Pieter van Vollenhoven have four sons Prince Maurits (born 17 April 1968) m Emma van Vollenhoven On June 9 2006 Prince Pieter-Christiaan and Princess Anita announced that Princess Anita was expecting their first child Children In the early morning of October 9, 2007, Aimée gave birth to a healthy baby girl the couple's first child to be named Magali Margriet Eleonoor van Birth She was born Maria Christina (Marijke at Soestdijk Palace The Netherlands Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau) a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life The House of Lippe is a German royal house The house of Lippe descends from Hermann of Lippe (died ca Juliana (Juliana Emma Louise Marie Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau 30 April 1909 &ndash 20 March 2004) was Queen regnant of the Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (29 June 1911 in Jena – 1 December 2004 in Utrecht) Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld born HSH Count Bernhard Leopold Friedrich She was born in Soestdijk Palace. She is the sister of the current Queen of the Netherlands, Beatrix. Among her godparents is Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the late Queen Mother of the United Kingdom. Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite 4 August 1900 &ndash 30 March 2002 was the Queen Consort of King George
Princess Irene is a descendant of Sophia, Electress of Hanover via her great-granddaughter Anne, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange, Princess of Nassau née Princess of Great Britain and Ireland. Electress Sophia of Hanover (born Sophia Countess Palatine of Simmern; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714) was the youngest daughter Princess Anne Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (2 November 1709 – 12 January 1759 was the second child and eldest daughter of George II and his consort Queen
Because of the invasion of the Netherlands by Nazi Germany during World War II the Dutch Royal family chose to live in exile in Canada, where Irene attended Rockcliffe Park Public School, in Ottawa. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Rockcliffe Park Public School (RPPS is a public elementary school in the Rockcliffe Park neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. As a teenager, she was dubbed by the Dutch press as "the glamorous Princess of the Netherlands. " During the war, the Royal Dutch Brigade (the formation of Free Dutch soldiers that fought alongside the Allies) was named for Princess Irene. During World War II, the Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade was a military unit initially formed from approximately 1500 Dutch troops including a small group guarding This was continued after the war as the Regiment Prinses Irene. The Garderegiment Fuseliers Prinses Irene is a Regiment of the Royal Netherlands Army, named after Princess Irene, the sister of Queen Beatrix
Princess Irene studied at the University of Utrecht, then went to Madrid to learn the Spanish language. Utrecht University ( Universiteit Utrecht in Dutch) is a University in Utrecht, The Netherlands. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain.
Marriage controversy
In Madrid, she met Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma, eldest son of Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain Xavier, Duke of Parma. Carlos Hugo Duke of Parma and Piacenza (born April 8, 1930 in Paris, France) is the current titular Duke of Parma and the head Carlism is a traditionalist and legitimist political movement in Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. (Francis Xavier Duke of Parma and Piacenza (called Francisco Javier de Borbón Parma y de Braganza in Spain; 25 May, In the summer of 1963, Princess Irene secretly converted from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The first the public or the Royal Family knew about the conversion was when a photograph appeared on the front page of an Amsterdam newspaper showing the Princess kneeling at a Mass in the Roman Catholic Church of the Geronimites (Los Jerónimos) in Madrid. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. San Jerónimo el Real (St Geromimo the Royal is the church of the former monastery of St Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. News leaked out that she was engaged to Prince Carlos Hugo (b. 1930), provoking a Protestant outcry and a constitutional crisis.
Although it was a constitutional tradition and not a law that forbade a Catholic to reign over the Netherlands, it was a practice predicated upon a history of the Protestant-dominated Dutch Parliament (States-General) born out of the 16th century war with Spain. The States-General ( Staten-Generaal) is the Parliament of the Netherlands. Fears of Catholic domination had increased over the centuries through difficulties and wars over the policies of many neighboring Catholic European countries and the precedent created by the ascension of a member of the House of Orange to the throne of the Kingdom of England solely because he was Protestant. The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau) a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. By the middle of the 20th century religious attitudes had begun to change, but only very slowly. While members of the Roman Catholic Church accounted for approximately 34% of the Dutch population, and Catholic political parties had been in coalition governments since 1918, the high fertility rate of the Catholics was a matter of some concern for all non-Catholics.
Amplifying the crisis over a Royal conversion to Catholicism and a marriage without approval of the Dutch States-General (which the Princess, then second-in-line to the throne, knew she would never get), were the still very fresh memories of General Franco's support for Nazi Germany. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid For the second in line to the throne not merely to convert to Roman Catholicism but associate with an alleged leader of Franco's party, caused shock and consternation in the Netherlands.
Queen Juliana attempted to stop the marriage, first by sending a member of her staff to Madrid to persuade the Princess not to go ahead with a marriage that was a political disaster for the monarchy in the Netherlands. Juliana (Juliana Emma Louise Marie Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau 30 April 1909 &ndash 20 March 2004) was Queen regnant of the It seemed to work and the Queen went on Dutch radio to tell the citizens that Princess Irene had agreed to cancel her engagement and was returning to the Netherlands. However, when the airplane arrived at Schiphol Airport, the Princess was not on it, and Queen Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernhard were supplied with a Dutch military plane to go to Spain to retrieve their daughter. Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (29 June 1911 in Jena – 1 December 2004 in Utrecht) Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld born HSH Count Bernhard Leopold Friedrich However, a message was delivered to the Queen from the Dutch government warning that it would resign en masse if she set foot in Spain. Given the ramifications and the fact that a monarch from the House of Orange had never visited Spain, the Queen had no choice but to turn back.
It was suggested that Princess Irene was a pawn of General Francisco Franco who tried to maximize the event to his benefit. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid In early 1964 Princess Irene flew home in the company of Carlos Hugo where an immediate meeting took place with the couple, the Queen, Prime Minister Marijnen, and three top cabinet ministers. In an attempt to gain public favour for her proposed marriage, Princess Irene publicly stated that her marriage was intended to help end religious intolerance. This caused a division in public opinion, as less than 40% of the country ruled by the Protestant House of Orange was Roman Catholic. Over the ensuing weeks, things deteriorated further when Pope Paul VI granted an Audience requested by the couple in Rome. Pope Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Queen at first denied such a meeting had taken place, but it was later verified. Irene alienated herself from most every Dutch citizen when a photo appeared in a Dutch paper showing Irene at a Carlist rally in Spain and she declared that she supported her fiancé's politics. Carlism is a traditionalist and legitimist political movement in Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on
No one from the Dutch Royal family or any Dutch diplomatic representative attended the marriage of Princess Irene and Prince Carlos Hugo at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, Italy on April 29, 1964. The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (its Italian name known in English also as St Mary Major, is an ancient Catholic Basilica of Rome Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Because she had failed to obtain the approval of the States-General to marry, Irene lost her right of succession to the Dutch throne. She agreed that she would live outside of the Netherlands.
After the marriage, Irene was very active in her husband's right-wing political cause, but over time they drifted away from right wing extremism to left wing sympathies and became a part of the international jet-set crowd. Jet Set was a Television programme in the UK It was presented by Eamonn Holmes, and it first started in 2001, on BBC television channel The prince, head of the Royal House of Bourbon-Parma, became a naturalized Spanish citizen in 1979. A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) The couple had four children, but the marriage ended in divorce in 1981. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981
Irene returned to live in the Netherlands with her children and became involved in various personal development workshops, trying to "find herself. " Her connection with nature, that she says she had felt since childhood, intensified, and in 1995 she published her book Dialogue with Nature. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The book outlined her philosophy that human beings are alienated from the natural world, but the Dutch media seized upon passages that recounted conversations she said she had with the trees and dolphins.
In 1999 Princess Irene purchased a farm near Nieu-Bethesda in South Africa, turning it into a sanctuary. Nieu-Bethesda is a village in the Eastern Cape at the foot of the Sneeuberge, approximately from Graaff Reinet. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa In 2001, she helped establish the NatuurCollege in the Netherlands. The Princess is honourable member of The Club of Budapest.
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Family
Carlos Hugo and Princess Irene had four children:
- Prince Carlos Xavier Bernardo Sixto Maria of Bourbon-Parma, Prince of Piacenza, born January 27, 1970 in Nijmegen. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nijmegen (ˈnɛɪmeɣən) (obsolete spellings Nijmwegen Nymegen Nieumeghen &mdash Nimwegen in local dialect and in German, Nimègue in French He has one natural son, Carlos Hugo Roderik Sybren Klynstra who was born on 20 January 1997 to Gitte Klynstra
- Princess Margarita Maria Beatrix of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Colorno, born October 13, 1972 in Nijmegen. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Early life Born in Nijmegen. Together with her mother and her siblings she moved from Spain to The Netherlands, to live with her grandparents Queen Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nijmegen (ˈnɛɪmeɣən) (obsolete spellings Nijmwegen Nymegen Nieumeghen &mdash Nimwegen in local dialect and in German, Nimègue in French
- Prince Jaime (Jacques) Bernardo of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi, born October 13, 1972 in Nijmegen
- Princess Maria Carolina Christina of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Sala, born June 23, 1974 in Nijmegen
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