Prince Philip
Duke of Edinburgh
Prince Philip in 2007
Duke of Edinburgh
Heir-Apparent	Charles, Prince of Wales
Consort to	Elizabeth II
Issue
Charles, Prince of Wales Anne, Princess Royal Andrew, Duke of York Edward, Earl of Wessex
Full name
Philip[1]
Detail Titles and styles
HRH The Duke of Edinburgh Lt. The Duke of Edinburgh is a Dukedom associated with Edinburgh, Scotland. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Philip Mountbatten RN HRH Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark
Royal house	House of Glücksburg
Father	Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark
Mother	Princess Alice of Battenberg
Born	10 June 1921 (1921-06-10) (age 86) Villa Mon Repos, Corfu, Greece
Baptised	St. A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (in Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg) from Glücksburg in northernmost Germany Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark ( 20 January / 2 February 1882 ( o Princess Alice of Battenberg, later Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark (Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Marie Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Corfu (Κέρκυρα Kérkyra, ˈkʲe̞ɾkʲiɾa Κέρκυρα or Κόρκυρα Corcyra Corfù is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία George's Church, the Palaio Frourio, Corfu
Occupation	Prev. Military

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, 10 June 1921)^[2] is the husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar A prince consort, generally speaking is a common term for the husband of a Queen regnant, unless he himself also is a king in his own right For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II

Originally a royal Prince of Greece and Denmark, Prince Philip renounced these titles shortly before his marriage, though he retains the Greek flag (white cross on blue field) on his Shield of Arms. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe At the time of his engagement he was known as Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten. On 20 November 1947, he married Princess Elizabeth, the heiress presumptive to King George VI. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Prince Philip is a member of the Danish-German House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, which includes the royal houses of Denmark and Norway and the deposed royal house of Greece. Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (in Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg) from Glücksburg in northernmost Germany Arrival The family came to throne when Otto I of Greece allowed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Second French Empire to occupy

The day before his marriage, King George VI granted him the style of His Royal Highness and, on the morning of the marriage, created him Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the The Duke of Edinburgh is a Dukedom associated with Edinburgh, Scotland. The title Earl of Merioneth was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1947 along with the Dukedom of Edinburgh and the Barony of Greenwich The title Baron Greenwich was created in 1947 for Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh, the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. In 1957, Philip was created a Prince of the United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II. This is a list of British princes from the accession of George I in 1714 When he became a British subject, Prince Philip took the surname Mountbatten, an anglicised version of his mother's German family name, Battenberg. In British nationality law, the term British subject has at different times had different meanings Mountbatten is the family name adopted by two branches of the Battenberg family due to rising Anti-German sentiment among the British public during World War Anglicisation or anglicization (see -ise vs -ize) is a process of conversion of verbal or written elements of any other language into a more comprehensible English The Battenberg family was a Cadet branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, rulers of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in Germany. (Later it was realised that, as a descendant of Sophia of Hanover, Philip had been a British subject from birth. Electress Sophia of Hanover (born Sophia Countess Palatine of Simmern; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714) was the youngest daughter )

In addition to his royal duties, the Duke of Edinburgh is also the patron of many organisations, including The Duke of Edinburgh's Award and the World Wide Fund for Nature, and he is Chancellor of both the University of Edinburgh and the University of Cambridge. The DofE (or The Duke of Edinburgh's Award is a programme of activities that can be undertaken by anyone aged from 14 to 25 regardless of personal ability A Chancellor is the head of a University. Other titles are sometimes used such as President or Rector. The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the In particular, he has devoted himself to raising public awareness of the relationship of humanity with the environment since visiting the Southern Antarctic Islands in 1956, and has published and spoken widely for half a century on this subject. See Wikiquote excerpts from these speeches.

The prince continues to fulfil his public duties as a member of the British Royal Family, and is an established public figure in the United Kingdom and in the Commonwealth Realms. The British Royal Family is the group of close relatives of the monarch of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A Commonwealth realm is any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that each have Elizabeth II as their respective Monarch He has gained a reputation for making controversial remarks, some of which have been regarded as being racist,^[3] particularly when meeting the British public or on state visits to other countries.

Early life

Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark was born on 10 June 1921 at Villa Mon Repos on Corfu, a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Corfu (Κέρκυρα Kérkyra, ˈkʲe̞ɾkʲiɾa Κέρκυρα or Κόρκυρα Corcyra Corfù is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. His father was Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, the fourth son of Greece's King George I, who was of partial Byzantine Greek descent, and Queen Olga of Greece. Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark ( 20 January / 2 February 1882 ( o George I King of the Hellenes (Γεώργιος A' Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων Georgios A' Vasileus ton Ellinon; 24 December 1845 &ndash 18 March 1913 was The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Olga Constantinovna of Russia Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία His mother was the former Princess Alice of Battenberg, elder daughter of the 1st Marquess of Milford Haven (formerly Prince Louis of Battenberg) and his wife, the former Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine. Princess Alice of Battenberg, later Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark (Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Marie Admiral of the Fleet Louis Alexander Mountbatten 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, GCB, GCVO, KCMG, PC (24 May 1854 – 11 September Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, later Victoria Mountbatten Marchioness of Milford Haven (Victoria Alberta Elisabeth Mathilde Marie 5 April 1863 &ndash 24 September Lady Milford Haven, through her mother, the Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine (formerly Princess Alice of the United Kingdom), was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. The Princess Alice (Alice Maud Mary 25 April 1843 &ndash 14 December 1878) was a member of the British Royal Family, the third Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (As a descendant of Queen Victoria, he is himself in line of succession to the British Throne, but very distantly. The line of succession to the British Throne is a partial list of the people in line to succeed to the throne ) Philip's mother Princess Alice, who ended her life as a Greek Orthodox nun and sheltered Jewish refugees in Athens during World War II, was also a sister of Queen Louise of Sweden; George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven; and Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma. Biography Louise was born "Her Serene Highness Princess Louise of Battenberg " at Heiligenberg Palace in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Captain George Louis Victor Henry Serge Mountbatten 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven ( December 6 1892 – April 8 1938) was born the Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, He is currently the oldest living great-great grandchild of Queen Victoria, as well as her second-oldest living descendant after Prince Carl Johan of Sweden. Titles from birth His Royal Highness Prince Carl Johan of Sweden Duke of Dalarna ( 31 October 1916 - 19 February 1946

British Royal Family
HM The Queen HRH The Duke of Edinburgh HRH The Prince of Wales HRH The Duchess of Cornwall HRH Prince William of Wales HRH Prince Henry of Wales HRH The Duke of York HRH Princess Beatrice of York HRH Princess Eugenie of York HRH The Earl of Wessex HRH The Countess of Wessex Viscount Severn Lady Louise Windsor HRH The Princess Royal HRH The Duke of Gloucester HRH The Duchess of Gloucester HRH The Duke of Kent HRH The Duchess of Kent HRH Prince Michael of Kent HRH Princess Michael of Kent HRH Princess Alexandra
v • d • e

The Prince was baptised a few days after his birth at St. The British Royal Family is the group of close relatives of the monarch of the United Kingdom. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II For actual Princes of Wales called Henry see Henry Prince of Wales. Princess Beatrice of York (Beatrice Elizabeth Mary born 8 August 1988 is a member of the British Royal Family. Princess Eugenie of York ( Eugenie Victoria Helena;; born 23 March 1990 is a member of the British Royal Family and a granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II Sophie Countess of Wessex ( née Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 is a member of the British Royal Family, the wife of Prince Edward Earl of Wessex James Viscount Severn (James Alexander Philip Theo born 17 December 2007 is a member of the British Royal Family. The Lady Louise Windsor (Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary born 8 November 2003 is a member of the British Royal Family. Prince Richard Duke of Gloucester (Richard Alexander Walter George born 26 August 1944 is a member of the British Royal Family, the youngest grandchild of King George Birgitte Duchess of Gloucester (Birgitte Eva (bree-gee-tae; formerly van Deurs born Henriksen 20 June 1946 is a member of the British Royal Family, the wife Prince Edward Duke of Kent (Edward George Nicholas Patrick Paul born 9 October 1935 is a member of the British Royal Family, a grandchild of George V. Katharine Duchess of Kent (Katharine Lucy Mary née Worsley 22 February 1933 is a member of the British Royal Family, the wife of Prince Edward Duke of Kent, "Prince Michael" redirects here For other people named Prince Michael see Prince Michael (disambiguation. Princess Michael of Kent (Marie Christine née Baroness Marie Christine Agnes Hedwig Ida von Reibnitz 15 January 1945 is a member of the British Royal Family. George's Church in the Palaio Frourio ("Old Fortress") in Haddokkos, Corfu. His godparents were Queen Olga and the Corfu community (represented by Alexander S. Kokotos, Mayor of Corfu, and Stylianos I. Maniarizis, Chairman of Corfu City Council). In later life he has had a rediscovered interest in his original Greek Orthodox faith. The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches

Prince Andrew and Princess Alice remained in residence on the Island of Corfu for 18 months. Greece entered an unpredictable period, and it was expected that the monarchy would soon be overthrown. On 22 September 1922, Constantine I was forced to abdicate the throne. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Constantine I King of the Hellenes (Κωνσταντίνος A' Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων - 11 January 1923 was King of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from Abdication (from the Latin abdicatio, disowning renouncing from ab, away from and dicare, to declare to proclaim as not belonging to one This article is about royal thrones for the order of Angels by the same name see Thrones. A revolutionary court sentenced Prince Andrew, his older brother, to banishment for life. ^[4] Fortunately for the family, George V ordered that the Royal Navy vessel, HMS Calypso, evacuate the family, and Philip was carried to safety in a cot made from an orange box. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) See also List of shipwrecks in 1940

The prince was educated at Schule Schloss Salem in Germany and at Gordonstoun, a private boarding school in the north east of Scotland. Schule Schloss Salem (or Schule Schloß Salem Anglicisation: School of Salem Castle, Salem Castle School) is a boarding school with campuses Gordonstoun is a Scottish Co-educational Independent school famed for having educated three generations of British royalty Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

Philip has survived his four elder sisters, all of whom married German princes:

• Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark (1905-1981) married Gottfried, 8th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and had issue;
• Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (1906-1969) married Berthold, Margrave of Baden and had issue;
• Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark (1911-1937) married Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, had issue;
• Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (1914-2001) married firstly Prince Christoph of Hesse-Cassel, had issue; and secondly, after Prince Christoph's accidental death in 1943, Prince George William of Hanover, had issue. Ancestry Through her father she was a grandchild of George I of Greece and Olga Konstantinova of Russia, a granddaughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia Hohenlohe-Langenburg was a German county of northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located around Langenburg. Ancestry Through her father she was a grandchild of George I of Greece and Olga Konstantinova of Russia, a granddaughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia Berthold Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst August Heinrich Karl Margrave of Baden was born on 24 February 1906 in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark ( June 22 1911 - November 16 1937) was the wife of Hereditary Grand Duke George Donatus of Hesse Georg Donatus Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse ( Georg Donatus Wilhelm Nikolaus Eduard Heinrich Karl, 8 November, 1906 - 16 November, Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark ( 26 June 1914 &ndash 3 November / 24 November 2001) was the fourth child and youngest daughter Prince George William of Hanover ( Georg Wilhelm Ernst August Friedrich Axel Prinz von Hannover) was the second eldest son of Ernest Augustus III Duke of Brunswick

Philip's first real family tragedy occurred in 1937, when his sister Cecilie, her husband, mother-in-law and two young sons were killed in the Sabena OO-AUB Ostend crash. A Junkers Ju 52 aircraft owned and operated by Belgian air operator Sabena crashed near Ostend, Belgium on November 16, 1937. Philip, who was only sixteen at the time, attended the funeral in Darmstadt. Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland

Military service

After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Prince Philip joined the Royal Navy, graduating in 1940 from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth as the best cadet in his course. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC is the initial officer training establishment of the Royal Navy, located on a hill overlooking Dartmouth, Devon ^[5]

Commissioned as a Midshipman, Prince Philip spent six months on the battleship HMS Ramillies then serving in the Indian Ocean. For the fish called midshipman see Midshipman fish. The rank of midshipman is one of the oldest ranks still in existence Construction and launch Ramillies was built by William Beardmore and Company at Dailmuir in Scotland. In January 1941 he was posted to the Mediterranean fleet aboard the battleship HMS Valiant where, amongst other engagements, he was involved in the Battle of Crete. World War I The contract for the construction of the Valiant was given to The Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Limited. The Battle of Crete ( German Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II He was mentioned in despatches for his service during the Battle of Cape Matapan and was also awarded the Greek War Cross of Valour. Mentioned in Despatches (MID is a Military award for gallantry or otherwise commendable service The Battle of Cape Matapan (Battle of Tenaro) was a World War II Naval battle fought off the Peloponnesian coast of Greece from ^[5] Midshipman Mountbatten encountered a range of duties; for example, he is remembered for having helped stoke the boilers of the troop transport SS Empress of Russia in 1941. ^[6]

Promoted Sub-Lieutenant, and after a series of courses, Prince Philip was appointed to the V&W class destroyer, flotilla leader HMS Wallace, where he was subsequently involved in convoy escort tasks. Sub-Lieutenant is a military rank It is normally a junior officer rank A flotilla leader was a warship suitable for commanding a Flotilla of Destroyers or other small warships typically a small Cruiser or a large destroyer Ships The first two ships to this design were ordered under the War Emergency Programme, in April 1916 and the third - Wallace - in April 1917; Promotion to Lieutenant followed on 16 July 1942 and in October 1942, he became the ship's First Lieutenant (at 21 years of age, he was one of the youngest to be appointed a First Lieutenant). Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. First Lieutenant is a Military rank. The rank of Lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations (see Comparative military ranks Whilst with HMS Wallace, he took part in the Allied invasion of Sicily. The Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky, was a major World War II campaign in which the Allies took Sicily from the Axis ^[5]

Prince Philip was later appointed as the First Lieutenant of the new destroyer HMS Whelp where he saw service with the British Pacific Fleet in the 27th Destroyer Flotilla (see [3]) for the ship's war service), including being present in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese surrender was signed. W class ''Kempenfelt'' - flotilla leader built by John Brown Clydebank, laid down 24 June 1942, launched 8 May The British Pacific Fleet (BPF was a multinational Allied naval force which saw action against Japan during World War II. The surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close He eventually returned to Britain with the ship in January 1946. In the post-war years, Prince Philip served as an instructor at the Petty Officers' School and attended Naval Staff College, Greenwich. The Royal Naval College Greenwich is now known as the Old Royal Naval College and is open to visitors ^[5] (For the remainder of his naval career, see below).

Prince Philip has for many years been Colonel-in-Chief of the oldest Canadian Infantry Regiment, the Royal Canadian Regiment. The Royal Canadian Regiment ( The RCR) is an Infantry Regiment of the Canadian Forces. This regiment continues to be the only Regiment in the Commonwealth to be authorized to wear a dead Monarch's insignia, that being Queen Victoria's insignia.

HRH Prince Phillip is also an honorary Field Marshal in Australia. HRH was promoted to the rank of field marshal in the Australian Army on 1 April 1954 - over a year after he attained that rank in the British Army on 15 January 1953. However, as consort of Queen Elizabeth II, the duke's rank is purely ceremonial. He has no command or control role in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and is not part of the ADF's operational structure. He has never paraded as a field marshal with any units or elements of the ADF.

Prince Phillip succeeded Sir Winston Churchill as Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars in 1965 and remained so until the regiment amalgamated with the Queen's Own Hussars in 1993 to form the Queen's Royal Hussars. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 In the British and other Commonwealth armies the Colonel-in-Chief of a Regiment is its (usually royal) Patron. The Queen's Royal Irish Hussars, normally referred to by the abbreviation QRIH, was a cavalry regiment of the British Army formed from the amalgamation The Queen's Own Hussars, normally referred to by the abbreviation QOH, was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, formed from the amalgamation of The Queen's Royal Hussars (The Queen's Own and Royal Irish (QRH is the senior United Kingdom light cavalry regiment. Upon the death of the Queen Mother in 2002 he became Colonel in Chief of the Queen's Royal Hussars. Queen mother is a title or position reserved for a widowed Queen consort (a Queen dowager) whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch

Marriage

On 20 November 1947, Prince Philip married the heiress presumptive to the British throne, The Princess Elizabeth, elder daughter of George VI and Queen Elizabeth, his third cousin through Queen Victoria and second cousin, once removed through Christian IX of Denmark. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An heir presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne peerage or other hereditary honor but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an Heir apparent For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite 4 August 1900 &ndash 30 March 2002 was the Queen Consort of King George cousin in Kinship terminology is a relative with whom one shares a common Ancestor, but in modern usage the term is rarely used when referring to a Christian IX ( April 8, 1818 - January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 16, 1863 to January 29 The couple was married in a glittering ceremony in Westminster Abbey, London which was recorded and broadcast by the BBC. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

The Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh on their wedding day.
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Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, May 2007

Before they could marry, Prince Philip was required to convert from Greek Orthodoxy to the Church of England, to renounce his allegiance to the Greek Crown, and to become a naturalised British subject. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Arrival The family came to throne when Otto I of Greece allowed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Second French Empire to occupy ^[7] He renounced his Greek and Danish royal titles on 18 March 1947 and decided to take the name Mountbatten, an Anglicised version of Battenberg, his mother's family name. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The day before his wedding, King George VI titled his future son-in-law Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich, of Greenwich in the County of London.

The King also issued Letters patent creating the Duke of Edinburgh His Royal Highness. Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right After their marriage, his wife became Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh. On the popular but erroneous assumption that if Philip had the style of 'Royal Highness' he was automatically a prince, media reports often mentioned "Prince Philip", with or without reference to his ducal title. Although the princely prefix was omitted in the Regency Act of 1953 and in Letters Patent of November 1953 appointing Counsellors of State, it had been included in the Letters Patent of 22 October 1948 conferring princely rank on children of his marriage to Princess Elizabeth. The Regency Acts are Acts of the British Parliament passed at various times to provide a Regent if the British monarch were to be incapacitated In the United Kingdom, Counsellors of State are senior members of the British royal family to whom the Monarch presently Elizabeth II, delegates certain Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. George VI, however, appears to have been clear and intentional in having withheld the princely title from his future son-in-law. ^[8] From 1947 to 1957, Philip's correct style was His Royal Highness Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

At the marriage of his youngest son in 1999 it was announced that Prince Edward would be created Duke of Edinburgh when the current creation of that Dukedom reverts to the Crown. ^[9][10]

In post-war Britain it was not acceptable to invite any of the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations to his wedding. The sole exception was his mother, who was born at Windsor of parents who had both renounced their German titles. Windsor (ˈwɪnzə/ /ˈwɪndzə is a suburban town and tourist destination in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. Excluded from the invitation list were his three surviving sisters, each of whom had married German princes, some with Nazi connections. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German (His sister Princess Sophie's first husband, Prince Christoph of Hesse-Cassel had been a member of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and an aide to Heinrich Himmler. The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945 was a Nazi German politician and head of the Schutzstaffel (SS. ) Also, the bride's aunt Mary, Princess Royal allegedly refused to attend because her brother, the Duke of Windsor (who abdicated in 1936), was not invited due to his marital situation. The Princess Mary Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary Lascelles née Windsor 25 April 1897 &ndash 28 March She gave ill health as the official reason for not attending. ^[11]

Duke of Edinburgh

The Duke of Edinburgh accompanies the newly crowned Queen Elizabeth II back from Westminster Abbey on her coronation day

After their marriage, the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh took up residence at Clarence House in London. Clarence House is a royal home in London, situated on The Mall. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Duke was keen to pursue his naval career. However the knowledge that it would be eclipsed by his wife's future role as Queen was always in his mind. Nevertheless, he returned to the Navy after his honeymoon, and from 1949 was stationed in Malta after being posted as First Lieutenant of the destroyer HMS Chequers in the Mediterranean Fleet. Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands Design They were built as part of the War Emergency Programme, based on the hull and machinery of the pre-war J class, incorporating whatever advances in armament Mediterranean Fleet redirects here For the Mediterranean Fleets of other countries see Mediterranean Fleet (disambiguation. In 1950, he was promoted to Lieutenant Commander and given command of the sloop HMS Magpie. Lieutenant Commander ( Lieutenant-Commander in the Royal Navy) is a Commissioned officer rank in many navies Superior The commanding officer ( CO) is the officer in command of a Military unit. He was promoted to Commander at the beginning of 1952. Commander is a Military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service ^[5]

With the King in ill-health, Princess Elizabeth and the Duke were each created members of the Privy Council on 4 November 1951. A privy council is a body that advises the Head of state of a nation on how to exercise their executive authority, typically but not always in the context of a Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January The Duke is now the only member of the Privy Council to have been appointed by King George VI.

In January 1952, the Duke and Princess Elizabeth set off for a tour of the Commonwealth, with planned visits to Africa, Australia and New Zealand. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island On 6 February, when they were in Kenya, the Princess' father, King George VI, died, and she ascended the Throne as Queen Elizabeth II. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south The Duke broke the news to the new Queen at their hotel (Tree Tops). Treetops Hotel is a hotel in Aberdare National Park in Kenya near the township of Nyeri, 1966 m (6450 ft above sea level on the Aberdare Range As a result of the King's passing, the visits to Australia and New Zealand were cancelled until 1954. The Duke was resigned to the fact that his naval career was now over, and he had a new role as the consort of the British monarch.

Consort

The accession of Elizabeth II to the throne brought up the question of the name of the Royal House. A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. The Duke's uncle, Earl Mountbatten of Burma, had advocated the new name House of Mountbatten, as Elizabeth would typically have taken Philip's name on marriage. Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, When Queen Mary, Elizabeth's paternal grandmother, heard about this, she informed Sir Winston Churchill who later advised the Queen to issue a proclamation declaring that the Royal House was to remain the House of Windsor. Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953 was the queen-empress consort of George V of the United Kingdom Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The House of Windsor is the current Royal House of the United Kingdom and each of the other Commonwealth realms The older part is a branch of the Saxe-Coburg Philip bitterly remarked that he had been "turned into an amoeba".

In 1952, the Duke was given the rank and titles Admiral of the Fleet, Field Marshal, and Marshal of the Royal Air Force. Admiral of the Fleet is a rank of the British Royal Navy and other navies equating to the NATO rank code OF-10 Please see " Field Marshal " for other countries which use this rank Field Marshal is the highest military rank of the United Kingdom Marshal of the Royal Air Force ( MRAF) is the highest rank in the Royal Air Force. He was also made the Captain-General of the Royal Marines. The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy As was the established tradition with all previous monarchs, the Queen as Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces outranks, by virtue of being Sovereign, all military personnel.

The Queen and Duke make state visits abroad, and receive foreign dignitaries in the United Kingdom together. The Duke often carries out his own separate engagements on behalf of the Queen at home and abroad. The Duke is also patron of many organisations. He established The Duke of Edinburgh's Award in 1956 to give young people "a sense of responsibility to themselves and their communities". The DofE (or The Duke of Edinburgh's Award is a programme of activities that can be undertaken by anyone aged from 14 to 25 regardless of personal ability The scheme now operates in 100 countries around the world. He has also been President of the World Wide Fund for Nature.

In 1956-1957, the Duke took a round-the-world voyage on board HMY Britannia, visiting remote islands of the Commonwealth. History HMY Britannia was built at the shipyard of John Brown & Co This was when he first became aware of the effects of human industrialisation on the natural environment. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one

Prince Philip and the President of the United States George W. Bush inspecting the Guard of Honour during the ceremonial welcome at Buckingham Palace at the start of the President's state visit to the UK in 2003. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States.

On the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2002, the Duke was commended by the Speaker of the House of Commons for his role in supporting the Queen during her reign. The Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II marked the fiftieth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II 's accession to the throne

Family relationships, and alleged conflicts

One of the most controversial aspects of the Duke was his relationship with his daughters-in-law, Diana, Princess of Wales and Sarah, Duchess of York. Sarah Duchess of York ( Née Sarah Margaret Ferguson, born 15 October 1959 is the daughter of Major Ronald Ferguson by his wife Susan daughter of Fitzherbert He was alleged (though this has never been confirmed) to have been hostile to Diana after her divorce from the Prince of Wales. Letters between Philip and Diana, released at the inquiry into the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in 2007, refute this. Mohamed Al-Fayed, the father of Diana's companion Dodi Al-Fayed and owner of Harrods, has vehemently alleged, and even suggested in court, that the Duke was responsible for ordering Diana's death, remarks that led the Duke and the other members of the Royal Family to rescind their Royal Warrants from Harrods. Emad El-Din Mohamed Abdel Moneim Fayed ( Arabic عماد الدين محمد عبد المنعم الفايد) ( April 15, 1955 &ndash Harrods is a Department store located on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, London, England. History The earliest recorded British Royal Charter was granted to the Weavers’ Company in 1155 by Henry II of England. The Duke has said that he was very supportive of Diana, considering they were both once 'newcomers' to the family. Reportedly, the Duke is very close to his grandchildren Prince William, Prince Harry, Princess Beatrice, Princess Eugenie, Viscount Severn, Peter Phillips, Zara Phillips and Lady Louise Windsor. For actual Princes of Wales called Henry see Henry Prince of Wales. Princess Beatrice of York (Beatrice Elizabeth Mary born 8 August 1988 is a member of the British Royal Family. Princess Eugenie of York ( Eugenie Victoria Helena;; born 23 March 1990 is a member of the British Royal Family and a granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II James Viscount Severn (James Alexander Philip Theo born 17 December 2007 is a member of the British Royal Family. Peter Mark Andrew Phillips (born 15 November 1977 is the only son of The Princess Anne The Princess Royal and her first husband Captain Mark Phillips. Zara Anne Elizabeth Phillips, MBE (born 15 May 1981 is the second child and only daughter of Princess Anne Princess Royal and her first husband Captain Mark The Lady Louise Windsor (Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary born 8 November 2003 is a member of the British Royal Family.

Through mitochondrial DNA analysis in July of 1993, British scientists, through a sample of Prince Philip's blood, were able to identify the remains of several members of Tsarina Alexandra Romanov's family several decades subsequent to their 1912 massacre by the Bolsheviks; Prince Philip is the Tsarina's grand-nephew.

Royal status

In May 1954, the Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, received a written suggestion from the Queen that her husband be granted the title "Prince of the Commonwealth", or some other suitable augmentation of his style. Churchill preferred the title "Prince Consort" and the Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden preferred "Prince of the Realm". The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a member of the United Kingdom Government heading the Robert Anthony Eden 1st Earl of Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 June 1897 &ndash 14 January 1977 was a British Conservative Politician While the Commonwealth prime ministers were assembled in London, against his better judgement but at the Queen's behest, Churchill informally solicited their opinions. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Canada's Prime Minister, Louis St. Laurent, was the only one to express "misgivings". Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Louis Stephen St-Laurent PC CC QC ( Saint-Laurent or St-Laurent in French, baptized Louis-Étienne Meanwhile, the Duke insisted to the Queen that he objected to any enhancement of his title, and she instructed Churchill to drop the matter. ^[12] In February 1955, South Africa belatedly made known that it, too, would object to the "Prince of the Commonwealth" title. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa When told, the Queen continued to express the wish that her husband's position be raised, but rejected the Cabinet's recommendations to confer upon him either the title "Prince Consort" or "Prince Royal". In the Politics of the United Kingdom, the Cabinet is a formal body composed of the most senior government ministers chosen by the Prime Minister By March 1955 the Cabinet was recommending that Philip's new title be simply "His Royal Highness the Prince". But the Queen was advised that, if she still preferred "Prince of the Commonwealth", her personal secretary could write to the Commonwealth's Governors-General directly for their response, but warned her that, if their consent was not unanimous, the proposal could not go forward. The term governor general or governor-general refers to a vice-regal representative of a Monarch in an independent realm or a major colonial circonscription The matter appears to have been left there until the publication on 8 February 1957 of an article by P. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Wykeham-Bourne in the Evening Standard titled "Well, is it correct to say Prince Philip?" A few days later Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and his Cabinet reversed the advice of the previous ministers, formally recommending that the Queen reject "The Prince" in favour of "Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her other Realms and Territories", only to change this advice, after she consented, to delete even the vague reference to the Commonwealth countries. The London Evening Standard is an English Tabloid regional local newspaper published and sold in London and surrounding areas of southeast (Maurice Harold Macmillan 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC (10 February 1894 &ndash 29 December 1986 was a British Conservative Politician Letters Patent were issued, and according to the announcement in the London Gazette, the Queen's husband officially became His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain She inserted the capitalised definite article, a usage normally restricted to the children of monarchs. ^[12]

An Order-in-Council was issued in 1960, which stated the surname of male-line descendants of the Duke and the Queen who are not Royal Highness or Prince or Princess was to be Mountbatten-Windsor. An Order-in-Council is a type of legislation in Commonwealth Realms. Mountbatten-Windsor is the personal Surname of some of the descendants of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh under an ambiguously-worded This was to address the Duke's complaint that he was the only father in the country unable to pass his name to his children. In practice, however, the Duke's children have all used Mountbatten-Windsor as the surname they prefer for themselves and their male-line children.

After her accession to the throne, the Queen also announced that the Duke was to have "place, pre-eminence and precedence" next to the Queen "on all occasions and in all meetings, except where otherwise provided by Act of Parliament". An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament. This means the Duke is the first gentleman of the land, and takes precedence over his son, the Prince of Wales except, officially, in Parliament. Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories In fact, however, he only attends Parliament when escorting the Queen for the annual Speech from the Throne, where he walks and is seated beside her.

The Queen has never granted the Duke the title of Prince Consort. A prince consort, generally speaking is a common term for the husband of a Queen regnant, unless he himself also is a king in his own right This title was granted to Albert, Prince Consort by his wife, Queen Victoria, and has not been used since then by a British consort. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland There was some media speculation in early 2007 that such a title might be conferred to mark the royal couple's 60th wedding anniversary in November 2007, however this has not occurred. Currently, he is the first husband of the Sovereign to bear a British peerage title since Prince George of Denmark, who was created Duke of Cumberland on his marriage to the future Queen Anne in 1683. The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most Peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801 when Prince George of Denmark and Norway Duke of Cumberland ( Danish: Prins Jørgen hertug af Cumberland 2 April 1653 &ndash 28 October 1708 was the Prince consort Duke of Cumberland is a peerage title that was conferred upon junior members of the British royal family named after the county of Cumberland. Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 succeeding William III of England and II of

As of April 2008, the Duke is the oldest surviving great-great-grandchild of Queen Victoria and is c. 480th in the line of succession to the British Throne in his own right (through his great-grandmother Princess Alice). The line of succession to the British Throne is a partial list of the people in line to succeed to the throne The Princess Alice (Alice Maud Mary 25 April 1843 &ndash 14 December 1878) was a member of the British Royal Family, the third He is the oldest serving consort in British history, though former consorts, such as the Queen Mother, have lived longer lives. On 18 April 2009, he will have been the longest-serving consort in British history (at 57 years and 71 days), surpassing Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. Queen Charlotte, (née Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was the

Prince Philip Movement

Main article: Prince Philip Movement

It has been reported by the BBC that inhabitants of some small villages in Vanuatu, an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean, worship Prince Philip as a god. The Prince Philip Movement is a Cargo cult of the Yaohnanen tribe on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu. Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu ( French: République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu) is an Island Islanders have been interviewed and pictured with portraits, sent with Prince Philip's permission. ^[13]

Health

It was revealed in October 2007 that Prince Philip has been suffering from a heart condition since 1992. It is said that bodyguards protecting His Royal Highness have been trained to rush him to seek medical attention for simple dizziness or shortage of breath, even if it is against the Prince's own personal wishes. The Prince is said to have to take regular medication for his condition, but refuses to reduce his royal duties, which he has carried out alongside The Queen for the past 60 years as her consort. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II The Prince carries out over 300 royal engagements a year, behind only Princess Anne who carries out more engagements due to her younger age. Prince Philip is said to have the energy and fitness "of a man half his age". ^[14]

On 3 April 2008, Prince Philip was admitted to the King Edward VII's Hospital in London for "assessment and treatment for a chest infection". Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. He was seen to walk into the hospital unaided, and was reported to be sitting up in bed and attending to his usual papers whilst in hospital. ^[15] As of 6 April he has been released from hospital and is recuperating at Windsor Castle. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited Castle in the world and dating back to the time of ^[16]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Main article: List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Titles and styles

• His Royal Highness Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark (10 June 1921–18 March 1947)
• Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, RN (18 March–19 November 1947)
• Lieutenant Sir Philip Mountbatten, KG, RN (19 November–19 November 1947)
• His Royal Highness Sir Philip Mountbatten, KG (19 November–20 November 1947)
• His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh, KG (20 November 1947–03 November 1951)
• His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh, KG, PC (04 November 1951–20 April 1952)
• His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, PC (21 April 1952–21 May 1953)
• His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, GBE, PC (22 May 1953–9 June 1968)
• His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, OM, GBE, PC (10 June 1968–14 November 1981)
• His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, OM, GBE, QSO, PC (15 November 1981–12 June 1988)
• His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, OM, GBE, AC, QSO, PC (from 13 June 1988)

Arms

Shield of arms of Prince Philip as the Duke of Edinburgh

Royal Standard of Prince Philip as the Duke of Edinburgh

The family coat of arms of Prince Philip is that of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. This is a list of awards decorations honours orders and titles belonging to Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh, consort to Queen Elizabeth II. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar)

The Duke has his own personal coat of arms, created on 19 November 1947. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Unlike the arms used by other members of the Royal Family, the Duke's arms do not feature the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, as men are not entitled to bear the arms of their wives. The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom is the official Coat of arms of the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. However they do feature elements representing Greece and Denmark, from which he is descended in the male line; the Mountbatten family arms, from which he is descended in the female line; and the City of Edinburgh, representing his dukedom. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom

The shield is quartered. A shield is a protective device meant to intercept attacks The term often refers to a device that is held in the hand as opposed to Armour or a Bullet proof vest Quartering in Heraldry is a method of joining several different coats of arms together in one shield by dividing the shield into equal parts and placing The first quarter depicting the arms of Denmark consists of three blue lions passant and nine red hearts on a yellow field. The National Coat of Arms of Denmark consists of three crowned blue lions accompanied by nine red hearts all in a golden shield The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera. In Heraldry and Vexillology, a charge is an image occupying the field on an escutcheon (or shield The second quadrant depicts the arms of Greece, a white cross on a blue field. The National Emblem of Greece ( Εθνόσημο της Ελλάδας, Ethnósimo tis Elládas) consists of a blue escutcheon with a white The third quarter depicts the arms of the Mountbatten family, two vertical black stripes on a white field. The fourth quarter depicts the arms of the City of Edinburgh, a black and red castle. The dexter supporter is a savage from the Danish Royal Coat of Arms; the sinister a golden lion (a traditional British symbol) wearing a ducal cornet and gorged (collared) with a naval crown, alluding to the Duke's naval career. In Heraldry, supporters are figures usually placed on either side of the shield and depicted holding it up

The coat features both the motto God is my help and the motto of the Order of the Garter, Honi soit qui mal y pense (Shamed be he who thinks ill of it) on a representation of the Garter behind the shield. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients

A banner of the Duke's arms is used as his personal standard. ^[17]

Ancestry

Issue

Controversial remarks

Prince Philip is notorious for making remarks during public visits which may be regarded as ignorant and / or insensitive. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 For actual Princes of Wales called Henry see Henry Prince of Wales. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Mark Anthony Peter Phillips, CVO, ADC(P (born 22 September 1948) is a former Olympic gold-medal-winning horseman and first husband Peter Mark Andrew Phillips (born 15 November 1977 is the only son of The Princess Anne The Princess Royal and her first husband Captain Mark Phillips. Zara Anne Elizabeth Phillips, MBE (born 15 May 1981 is the second child and only daughter of Princess Anne Princess Royal and her first husband Captain Mark Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Sarah Duchess of York ( Née Sarah Margaret Ferguson, born 15 October 1959 is the daughter of Major Ronald Ferguson by his wife Susan daughter of Fitzherbert Princess Beatrice of York (Beatrice Elizabeth Mary born 8 August 1988 is a member of the British Royal Family. Princess Eugenie of York ( Eugenie Victoria Helena;; born 23 March 1990 is a member of the British Royal Family and a granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Sophie Countess of Wessex ( née Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 is a member of the British Royal Family, the wife of Prince Edward Earl of Wessex The Lady Louise Windsor (Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary born 8 November 2003 is a member of the British Royal Family. James Viscount Severn (James Alexander Philip Theo born 17 December 2007 is a member of the British Royal Family. ^[18] Many such remarks may be found at Wikiquote's page on Prince Philip.

In popular culture

• Actor James Cromwell portrays Prince Philip in the 2006 Oscar-winning film, The Queen. James Oliver Cromwell (born January 27, 1940) sometimes credited as Jamie Cromwell, is an American Film and Television "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The Queen Drama film directed by Stephen Frears, Peter Morgan and starring Dame Helen Mirren in the title role Queen

• A fictionalised Philip (in his capacity as a World War II naval officer) is a minor character in John Birmingham's Axis of Time series of alternate history novels. John Birmingham (born 7 August 1964 is an Australian author Birmingham was born in Liverpool, England and migrated to Australia with his parents in The Axis of Time Trilogy is an Alternate history series of Novels written by Australian journalist and author John Birmingham Alternate history or alternative history is a subgenre of Speculative fiction (or Science fiction) and Historical fiction

• Prince Philip appears as a fictional character in Nevil Shute's 1952 novel, In the Wet. Nevil Shute Norway ( 17 January 1899 - 12 January 1960) was both a popular novelist and a successful aeronautical engineer In The Wet is a novel by Nevil Shute that was first published in the UK in 1953.

• Prince Philip sat for a portrait by Jonathan Yeo, which was commissioned by the Muscular Dystrophy Campaign^[19]. Jonathan Yeo (born 1970 is a British artist known for his distinctive portraits that combine "photographic realism with a painterly touch" Muscular Dystrophy Campaign is a British medical Research charity dedicated to the curing of the Neurological condition Muscular dystrophy The portrait was previewed in The Sunday Telegraph's supplement, Seven, on 13 January 2008. ^[20]

• Prince Philip was the subject of ITV's two part documentary about his life in May 2008 called The Duke: A Portrait of Prince Philip

See also

• Prince George of Denmark

Bibliography

• Wildlife Crisis with James Fisher, (1970)
• The Environmental Revolution: Speeches on Conservation, 1962-1977 (1978)
• A Question of Balance (1982)
• Men, Machines and Sacred Cows (1984)
• A Windsor Correspondence (1984)
• Down to Earth: Speeches and writings of his Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, on the relationship of man with his environment (1988)
• Survival or Extinction: A Christian Attitude to the Environment (1989)
• Competition Carriage Driving (1994)
• Driving and Judging Dressage (1996)

Forewords to:

• The Concise British Flora in Colour by William Keble Martin, Ebury Press/ Michael Joseph (1965)
• The Art of Driving by Max Pape (1982)
• National Maritime Museum Guide to Maritime Britain by Keith Wheatley, (2000)
• 1953: The Crowning Year of Sport by Jonathan Rice, (2003)
• British Flags and Emblems by Graham Bartram, Tuckwell Press (2004)

Notes and references

External links

• Royal.gov.uk- HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
• Duke of Edinburgh Award
• Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh at the Internet Movie Database
• Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and his famous gaffes, plotted on Google Maps