Citizendia

Prachanda (प्रचण्ड)

Prachanda speaking at a rally in Pokhara.
BornDecember 11, 1954 (1954-12-11) (age 53)
Kaski, Nepal

Prachanda (Devanagari: प्रचण्ड pracaṇḍa, born Pushpa Kamal Dahal on December 11, 1954) is the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Kaski District, a part of Gandaki Zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a Landlocked country of South Asia. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party He is also the leader of People's Liberation Army (PLA), the military wing of CPN (M). Under his leadership, CPN (M) launched the Nepalese People's War on February 13, 1996, in which about 13,000 Nepalis were killed. The Nepalese Civil War (labelled People's War by the Maoists was a conflict between Government forces and Maoist rebels in Nepal Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar)

Prachanda's extension of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism to take specific account of Nepal's situation is known as the Prachanda Path. Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Marxism-Leninism-Maoism-Prachanda Path (मालेमावाद र प्रचण्डपथ Mālemāvād ra Prachaṇḍapath) refers to the ideological line of the He is known for his eloquent speech and strong leadership to lead the party. "Prachanda" is his nom de guerre; it means "the fierce one". A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias)

Contents

Personal life and early career

Prachanda spent much of his childhood in the Chitwan District in Nepal. Chitwan District, a western part of Narayani Zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a Landlocked country of South Asia His family are reported to have been Brahmins of modest means. Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. He received a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSc-Ag) from the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) in Rampur, Chitwan, and was reportedly once employed at a rural development project sponsored by USAID, the project site being Jajarkot. Chitwan District, a western part of Narayani Zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a Landlocked country of South Asia The United States Agency for International Development (or USAID) is the United States federal government organization responsible for most non- military Jajarkot is the capital city of Jajarkot District in Bheri Zone, Nepal. [1]

He became general secretary (party leader) of the Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) in 1986. Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal, was an underground Communist party in Nepal. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) This party, after a number of permutations became the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party

Prachanda lived underground even after the restoration of democracy in 1990. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Until then a little-known figure, he controlled the clandestine wing of the party, while the parliamentary representation in the United People's Front was headed by Dr. The United People's Front of Nepal, (संयुक्त जनमोर्चा नेपाल Sanyukta Janamorcha Nepal or SJM Baburam Bhattarai. Dr Baburam Bhattarai (born 26 May 1954) is a Communist politician and Minister of Finance of the government Since 1996, Prachanda has become internationally known as the leader of the CPN (M) military wing and its overall leader.

The Maoist insurrection

Communism in Nepal

On February 4, 1996, Bhattarai gave the government, led by Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, a list of 40 demands, threatening civil war if they were not met. Pushpa Lal Shrestha ( 1924 - 22 July 1978) was the founding general secretary of the Communist Mohan Bikram Singh (born 1935 often referred to as MBS party name Gharti, is a Nepalese politician Man Mohan Adhikari (June 1920 - April 26, 1999) was the Prime Minister of Nepal from 1994 to 1995 representing the Communist Party Chandra Prakash Mainali (b August 22, 1951, Chokpur, Taplejung District) is a Communist politician in Nepal. Madan Kumar Bhandari (मदन कुमार भण्डारी ( June 27, 1952 &ndash 1993 was a Nepali politician and communist leader Madhav Kumar Nepal (माधव कुमार नेपाल born March 12, 1953) is a Nepalese politician he was the General Secretary of Communist Dr Baburam Bhattarai (born 26 May 1954) is a Communist politician and Minister of Finance of the government The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist, also known as CPN-UML, CPN(UML, is one of the largest Communist parties in Nepal The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकताकेन्द्र–मसाल is an underground communist Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist is a Political party in Nepal, formed on September 15, 2005 through the merger of Communist Party Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist, a Political party in Nepal formed by C Communist Party of Nepal (Masal (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (मसाल initially known as Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal Communist Party of Nepal (United is a Political party in Nepal. Communist Party of Nepal (Unified (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकिकृत is a Communist party in Nepal. Nepal Workers Peasants Party (नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी abbreviated नेमकिपा is a communist Political party The Communist Party of Nepal (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी was founded in Calcutta, India, on April 29, 1949 Nepal Communist League ( Nepal Samyabadi Sangh) was a communist organisation in Nepal. Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal, a communist splinter group led by Pushpa Lal Shestra. The Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (चौथो महाधिवेशन Nepala Kamyunishta Parti Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist, was an underground Political party in Nepal. Communist Party of Nepal (Masal, was a Communist party in Nepal. Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal, was an underground Communist party in Nepal. Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan was a Communist party in Nepal, led by Man Mohan Adhikari. Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist, formed through the unification of Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan, led by Manmohan Adhikari, and Communist Party of Nepal Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist was a Nepalese political party Communist Party of Nepal (Manandhar, was a splinter group of the Communist Party of Nepal (Rayamjhi formed in 1979, in the backdrop of the popular movement that Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre, was a Communist party in Nepal. Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist, was a minor communist party in Nepal. Nepal Samyabadi Party (Marksbadi-Leninbadi-Maobadi ( Nepalese for 'Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist' was a small Communist party in Nepal Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी-माओवादी Communist Party of Nepal (United was a Political party in Nepal. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The History of Nepal (नेपालको इतिहास is characterized by its isolated position in the Himalayas and its two dominant neighbors India The Nepalese Civil War (labelled People's War by the Maoists was a conflict between Government forces and Maoist rebels in Nepal The politics of Nepal function within a framework of a Republic with a Multi-party system. The constitution of Nepal provides for a Multi-party system The parties The general rule on naming applies Elections in Nepal gives information on Election and election results in Nepal. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Sher Bahadur Deuba' (शेरबहादुर देउबा born June 13, 1946) is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister. The demands related to "nationalism, democracy and livelihood" and included such line items as the "domination of foreign capital in Nepali industries, business and finance should be stopped", and "discriminatory treaties, including the 1950 Nepal-India Treaty, should be abrogated", and "land under the control of the feudal system should be confiscated and distributed to the landless and the homeless. "[2] After that, and until 26 April 2006, Prachanda directed the military efforts of the CPN (M) towards establishing areas of control, particularly in the mountainous regions and western Nepal. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

The 40 demands were whittled down to 24 in subsequent political negotiations. [3]

Relations with Bhattarai

In late 2004 or early 2005, relations between Prachanda and Bhattarai soured. [4] This was reportedly due to disagreement on power sharing inside the party. It was reported that Bhattarai was unhappy with the consolidation of power under Prachanda. But in reality it was not like that the news which came in public media houses. It has since been reported that they have reconciled their differences. [5] [6]

Twelve point agreement

On November 22, 2005 Prachanda and the Seven Party Alliance released a "twelve-point agreement" that expressed areas of agreement between the CPN(M) and the parties that won a large majority in the last parliamentary election in 1999. Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted In the Marxist-Leninist movement an anti-revisionist is one who favors the line of theory and practice associated with Marx - Engels - Lenin The Three Worlds Theory is a Theory developed by former Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong that suggests that the Social-imperialism is a term applied by Mao to the Soviet Union, arguing that the Soviet Union had come to dominate and exploit the smaller countries in its sphere The Mass Line is the political/organizational/leadership method developed by Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China (CPC during the Chinese revolution People's War ( Chinese language: 人民战争 also called protracted people's war, is a military-political strategy invented by Mao Zedong. For different uses of the term including Political parties with the name "New Democracy" see New Democracy (disambiguation. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Bob Avakian is Chairman of the Revolutionary Communist Party USA, which he has led since its formation in 1975 Zhang Chunqiao ( (1917&ndash April 21, 2005) was a member of the Gang of Four. José María Sison (born February 8, 1939 in Cabugao Ilocos Sur, Philippines) is a Writer and activist who reorganized the Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso (born 3 December 1934 also known by the Nom de guerre Presidente Gonzalo ( English: President Gonzalo) Charu Majumdar ( Bangla: চারু মজুমদার (1918–1972 was an Indian Maoist Revolutionary born in 1918 in Siliguri Jiang Qing ( March 14, 1914 May 14, 1991) is the Pseudonym that was used by Chinese leader Mao Zedong 's last wife İbrahim Kaypakkaya was a leader of the Turkish Communist movement Pierre Mulele ( August 11, 1929 - October 3 [[October 9] depending on the source] 1968 was a Congolese Revolutionary who was briefly The International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO is a grouping of parties and organizations adhering to Marxist-Leninist-Maoist thought The Revolutionary Internationalist Movement is an international Communist organization which upholds Marxism-Leninism-Maoism. The Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany ( German: Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands, MLPD is an antirevisionist Political party in The Communist Party of India (Maoist is an underground Maoist Political party in India. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party The Communist Party of Peru (Spanish Partido Comunista del Perú) more commonly known as the Shining Path ( Sendero Luminoso) is a Maoist The Communist Party of the Philippines (in Filipino: Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas) is the leading Communist party in the Philippines. The Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat ( Portuguese: Partido Comunista dos Trabalhadores Portugueses / Movimento The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong ( better known in the West as The Little Red Book, was published by the Government of the Naxalite or Naxalism is an informal name given to Communist groups that were born out of the Sino-Soviet split in the Indian communist movement Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Seven Party Alliance is a coalition of seven Nepali political parties seeking to end autocratic rule in the country Among other points, this document stated that a dictatorial monarchy of King Gyanendra is the chief impediment to progress in Nepal. It claimed further that the Maoists are committed to human rights and press freedoms and a multi-party system of government. It pledged self-criticism and the intention of the Maoists and the Seven Parties to not repeat past mistakes. [7]

Ceasefires

Several ceasefires have occurred over the course of the Nepalese civil war. [8] Most recently, on April 26, 2006, Prachanda announced a ceasefire with a stated duration of 90 days. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The move followed weeks of massive protests—the April 2006 Nepalese general strike— in Kathmandu and elsewhere that had forced King Gyanendra to give up the personal dictatorship he had established on the February 1, 2005, and restore the parliament that was dissolved in May 2002. The 2006 Democracy Movement ( Nepali: लोकतन्त्र आन्दोलन Loktantra Āndolan) is a name given to the ongoing political agitations against Kathmandu (काठमांडौ येँ is the Capital and the largest city of Nepal. Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ( Nepali: ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर बिक्रम शाह Jñānendra Vīra Vikrama Śāhadeva (born 7 July

After that a new government was established by the Seven-Party Alliance. The parliament and the new government supported the ceasefire and started negotiations with the Maoists on the basis of the twelve-point agreement. The two sides agreed that a new constituent assembly will be elected to write a new constitution, and decide on the fate of monarchy. The Maoists want this process to end with Nepal becoming a republic. [9]

Interim government

Prachanda met for talks with Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala on June 16, 2006, in what was thought to be his first visit to the capital Kathmandu in more than a decade. Girija prasad Koirala (गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला born 1925 is a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Kathmandu (काठमांडौ येँ is the Capital and the largest city of Nepal. [10] [11] This meeting resulted in an agreement to dissolve parliament, incorporate the CPN (M) into a new interim government, draft a new constitution, and disband the CPN (M)'s "people's governments" operating in rural Nepal. The two sides also agreed to disarm at a later date, under international supervision. [12] On September 18, 2007, the CPN(M) pulled themselves out of the coalition government ahead of the Constituent Assembly election, demanding the declaration of a republic by parliament and a system of proportional representation in the election. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. An election for a Constituent Assembly was held in Nepal on 10 April 2008 after having been postponed from earlier dates of 20 June Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes The CPN(M) rejoined the government on December 30, 2007 after an agreement to abolish the monarchy following the election and to have a system of partial proportional representation in the election. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [13]

On January 25, 2008, the CPN(M) said that it wanted Prachanda to become President of Nepal when a republic is established. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [14] In the April 2008 Constituent Assembly election, he was elected from Kathmandu constituency-10, winning by a large margin and receiving nearly twice as many votes as his nearest rival, the candidate of the Nepali Congress. The Nepali Congress is a Nepalese Political party. It is led by Girija Prasad Koirala. [15] He also won overwhelmingly in Rolpa constituency-2, receiving 34,230 votes against 6,029 for Shanta Kumar Oli of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist, also known as CPN-UML, CPN(UML, is one of the largest Communist parties in Nepal [16] With the CPN(M) appearing to have won the election, Prachanda pledged that the party would work together with other parties in crafting the new constitution, and he assured the international community, particularly India and China, that the party wanted good relations and cooperation. He also said that the party had expressed its commitment to multi-party democracy through the election. [17]

References

  1. ^ Somini Sengupta,and he was also the teacher in high school in Aarught of Gorkha district. "Where Maoists Still Matter," New York Times, October 30, 2005
  2. ^ Baburam Bhattarai, "40 Point Demand", South Asia Intelligence Review, February 4, 1996
  3. ^ "Maoists Demand Interim Constitution," Kathmandu Post, April 28, 2003
  4. ^ Singh Khadka, "Nepal's Maoist leadership divisions," BBC, May 6, 2005
  5. ^ Charles Haviland, "Meeting Nepal's Maoist leader", BBC, June 16, 2005
  6. ^ Sanjay Upadhya, Nepal: Maoists hide More Than They Reveal", Scoop, February 16, 2005
  7. ^ Unofficial translation, "The 12-point agreement between the Maoists and the seven-party alliance as listed in statement by Pushpa Kamal Dahal on Tuesday," Nepal News, November 25, 2005
  8. ^ Kamala Sarup (ed. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dr Baburam Bhattarai (born 26 May 1954) is a Communist politician and Minister of Finance of the government Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Scoopconz is a New Zealand Internet news site with a readership of 25000 unique visitors a day delivering 2000000 pages of information per month Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ), "Maoists declare three-month long ceasefire," Peace Journalism/Nepal News, September 3, 2005
  9. ^ "Nepal Maoist rebels declare truce," BBC, April 27, 2006
  10. ^ "Maoists to join Nepal government," BBC, June 16, 2006
  11. ^ "Power Play," Times of India Online November 3, 2001
  12. ^ Maseeh Rahman, "After a decade of fighting, Nepal's Maoist rebels embrace government," The Guardian, June 17, 2006
  13. ^ "Nepal Maoists rejoin cabinet after monarchy deal," Reuters, December 30, 2007
  14. ^ "Nepal Maoists want their chief as president", Reuters (AlertNet), January 25, 2008. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  15. ^ "Chairman Prachanda triumphs in Ktm-10 as his party takes initial lead", Nepalnews, April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  16. ^ "Prachanda wins from Rolpa-2 as well", Nepalnews, April 13, 2008. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  17. ^ ""We want to continue working with parties and the int'l community," says Prachanda", Nepalnews, April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

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