| República Portuguesa Portuguese Republic | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Anthem: "A Portuguesa" | ||||||
 Location of Portugal (dark green) – on the European continent (light green & dark grey) | ||||||
| Capital (and largest city) | Lisbon5 | |||||
| Official languages | Portuguese1 | |||||
| Recognised regional languages | Mirandese | |||||
| Demonym | Portuguese | |||||
| Government | Parliamentary republic6 | |||||
| - | President | Aníbal Cavaco Silva | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | José Sócrates | ||||
| Formation | Conventional date for Independence is 1139 | |||||
| - | Founding | 868 | ||||
| - | Re-founding | 1095 | ||||
| - | De facto sovereignty | June 24, 1128 | ||||
| - | Kingdom | 25 July 1139 | ||||
| - | Recognized | 5 October 1143 | ||||
| - | Papal Recognition | 1179 | ||||
| EU accession | 1 January 1986 | |||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 92,345 km² (110th) 35,580 sq mi | ||||
| - | Water (%) | 0. The flag of Portugal is a rectangle-shaped vertical bicolor featuring a field unequally divided into Green, on the hoist, and Red on the The Coat of arms of Portugal was officially adopted in 30 June 1911, along with the Republican Flag of Portugal. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's A Portuguesa (The Portuguese Song ɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ is the National anthem of Portugal. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Urban organization Metropolitan areas As of 2001 Census Portugal had two significant agglomerations Lisbon Metropolitan Region and Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. A regional language is a Language spoken in an area of a Nation state, whether it be a small area a federal State or Province, or The Mirandese language (autonym mirandés or lhéngua mirandesa; Portuguese: mirandês or língua mirandesa) is a Romance language A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A parliamentary republic or parliamentary constitutional republic is a form of a Republic which operates under a Parliamentary system of government has been a Republic since 1910 the Head of state being the President, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ( Presidente da In Portugal, the post of Prime Minister ( Portuguese: primeiro-ministro, Pron. José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (ʒuˈzɛ ˈsɔkɾɐtɨʃ; born in Vilar de Maçada degree as a civil Technical engineer The History of Portuguese Nationality is a process with more than 1000 years Condado de Portucale was the first County founded in Portugal. Condado Portucalense was the second County founded in Portugal. The Battle of São Mamede ( Batalha de São Mamede in Portuguese; ˈsɐ̃ũ mɐˈmɛð(ɨ took place on June 24 1128 near Guimarães and is considered Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal 's general designation under the monarchy. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler The Treaty of Zamora ( 1143) recognized Portuguese independence from the Kingdom of León and Castile. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Manifestis Probatum was an Papal bull dated May 23, 1179 in which Pope Alexander III officially recognised Afonso Henriques as the The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in A Member State of the European Union is any one of the twenty-seven sovereign Nation states that have acceded the European Union (EU since its De facto New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" 5 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | July 2007 estimate | 10,623,032 (75th) | ||||
| - | 2001 census | 10,356,117 | ||||
| - | Density | 114/km² (87th) 295/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2006 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $232 billion (40th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $23,464 (2007) (34th) | ||||
| HDI (2005) | ▼ 0. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 897 (high) (29th) | |||||
| Currency | Euro (€)² (EUR) | |||||
| Time zone | WET³ | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | WEST (UTC0) | ||||
| Internet TLD | .pt4 | |||||
| Calling code | +351 | |||||
| 1 | Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n. This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e The euro sign (€ is the Currency sign used for the Euro, the official currency of the European Union (EU ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Western European Time ( WET, UTC+0, and commonly known as Greenwich Mean Time in the United Kingdom) is the Time zone Daylight saving time ( DST Western European Summer Time ( WEST) is a summer Daylight saving time scheme 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E The Mirandese language (autonym mirandés or lhéngua mirandesa; Portuguese: mirandês or língua mirandesa) is a Romance language Miranda do Douro ( pron mi'ɾɐ̃dɐ du 'do(owɾu Miranda de l Douro ( pron ° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro), since then awarding an official right-of-use Mirandese to the linguistic minority it is concerned. [1] The Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized. Portuguese Sign language (Língua Gestual Portuguesa is a Sign language used mainly by Deaf people in Portugal. | |||||
| 2 | Before 1999: Portuguese escudo. The escudo was the Currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the Euro on 1 January 1999 and was removed from circulation on | |||||
| 3 | Azores: UTC-1; UTC in summer. The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from European Summer Time is the arrangement in Europe by which clocks are advanced by one hour in Spring to make the most of seasonal daylight | |||||
| 4 | The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in | |||||
| 5 | Coimbra was the capital of the country from 1139 to about 1260. Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra | |||||
| 6 | The present form of the Government was established by the Carnation Revolution of April 25, 1974, that ended the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo. The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos was an almost bloodless military-led pro-democratic Coup d'état, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Estado Novo ( Portuguese for " New State " pron (ɨʃ'tadu 'novu also known as the Second Republic) is the name of the Portuguese | |||||
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa[2]), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal. An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the
The land within the borders of today's Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times. The Prehistory of the Iberian peninsula begins with the arrival of the first Hominins c Some of the earliest civilizations include Lusitanians and Celtic societies. A Civilization is a society in which large numbers of people share a variety of common elements The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) were an Indo-European people living in the western Iberian Peninsula long before it became the Roman Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Incorporation into the Roman Republic dominions took place in the 2nd century BC. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The region was ruled and colonized by Germanic peoples, such as the Suebi and the Visigoths, from the 5th to the 8th century. The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic The Suebi or Suevi (from Proto-Germanic * swēbaz based on the Proto-Germanic root * swē- meaning "one's own" The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East From this era, some vestiges of the Alans were also found. The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people The Muslim Moors arrived in the early 8th century and conquered the Christian Germanic kingdoms, eventually occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth This is a historical timeline of Portugal. See also History of Portugal Germanic Kingdoms 5th Century In the early 1100s, during the Christian Reconquista, Portugal appeared as a kingdom independent of its neighbour, the Kingdom of León and Galicia. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. The Kingdom of Galicia (410-1833 was a kingdom of the Iberian Peninsula for two distinct periods In a little over a century, in 1249, Portugal would establish almost its entire modern-day borders by conquering territory from the Moors.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, with a global empire that included possessions in Africa, Asia and South America, Portugal was one of the world's major economic, political, and cultural powers. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a In the 17th century, the Portuguese Restoration War between Portugal and Spain ended the sixty year period of the Iberian Union (1580-1640). As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Portuguese Restoration War (Guerra da Restauração was the name given after the 19th century by romantic historians to the war between Portugal and Castile Iberian Union is a modern day term that refers to the historical political unit that governed all of the Iberian peninsula south of the Pyrenees from 1580–1640 In the 19th century, armed conflict with French and Spanish invading forces and the loss of its largest territorial possession abroad, Brazil, disrupted political stability and potential economic growth. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld After the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution coup d'état in 1974, the ruling regime was deposed in Lisbon and the country handed over its last overseas provinces in Africa. The Portuguese Colonial War (Guerra Colonial also known as the Overseas War in Portugal (Guerra do Ultramar or in the former colonies as the The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos was an almost bloodless military-led pro-democratic Coup d'état, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon Estado Novo ( Portuguese for " New State " pron (ɨʃ'tadu 'novu also known as the Second Republic) is the name of the Portuguese Portugal's last overseas territory, Macau, was handed over to China in 1999. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES
Portugal is a developed country,[3] has a high Human Development Index and is among the world's 20 highest rated countries in terms of quality of life,[4] although having one of the lowest GDP per capita of Western European countries. The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed Economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' It is a member of the European Union (since 1986) and the United Nations (since 1955); as well as a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (Community of Portuguese Language Countries, CPLP), European Union's Eurozone, and is also a Schengen state. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The North Atlantic Treaty The Community of Portuguese Language Countries ( Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, pron. Euro Enlargement of the The term Schengen Agreement is used for two agreements concluded among European states in 1985 and 1990 which deal with the abolition of systematic Border controls
History
The early history of Portugal, whose name derives from the Roman name Portus Cale, is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula. Portus Cale ( Latin for Port of Cale) was the old name of an ancient town and port in current day Portugal. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visited by Phoenicians and Carthaginians, incorporated in the Roman Republic dominions (as Lusitania in 138 BC), settled again by Suevi, Buri, and Visigoths, and conquered by Moors. This is a list of the Pre- Roman peoples of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania - modern Andorra, Portugal and Spain Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Gallaeci, Callaeci, or Callaici were a Pre- Roman Celtic single or various tribes living in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) were an Indo-European people living in the western Iberian Peninsula long before it became the Roman The Celtici were a Celtic tribe of the Iberian peninsula, akin either to the Lusitanians and Gallaecians or the Celtiberians, living The Cynetes or Conii were a one of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, living in today's Algarve and Low Alentejo regions of southern Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the This article concerns the Roman province For the ship see RMS Lusitania. The Suebi or Suevi (from Proto-Germanic * swēbaz based on the Proto-Germanic root * swē- meaning "one's own" The Buri first appear in history as a Germanic tribe mentioned in the Germania of Tacitus, where they initially "close the back" of the Marcomanni The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent Other minor influences include some 5th century vestiges of Alan settlement, which were found in Alenquer, Coimbra and even Lisbon. The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. [5] In 868, during the Reconquista (by which Christians reconquered the Iberian peninsula from the Muslim and Moorish domination), the First County of Portugal was formed. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period Condado de Portucale was the first County founded in Portugal. A victory over the Muslims at Ourique in 1139 is traditionally taken as the occasion when Portugal is transformed from a county (County of Portugal as a fief of the Kingdom of León and Castile) into an independent kingdom. Ourique ( pron o(w'ɾik(ɨ is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 663 In the territory that is now Portugal, during the Reconquista of Iberia from the Moors, there were two distinct creations of Counties of Portugal Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Portuguese
On June 24, 1128 the Battle of São Mamede occurred near Guimarães. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place The Battle of São Mamede ( Batalha de São Mamede in Portuguese; ˈsɐ̃ũ mɐˈmɛð(ɨ took place on June 24 1128 near Guimarães and is considered Guimarães (gimɐˈɾɐ̃j̃ʃ is a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal in the province of Minho and in the district of Braga At the Battle of São Mamede, Afonso Henriques, Count of Portugal, defeated his mother, Countess Teresa, and her lover, Fernão Peres de Trava, in battle - thereby establishing himself as sole leader. Afonso I ( English Alphonzo or Alphonse) more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (ɐˈfõsu ẽˈʁikɨʃ or also Affonso (Archaic Queen Theresa of Portugal Countess of Portugal, (Portuguese Rainha Dona Teresa Condessa de Portugal) (sometimes Infanta Teresa of León) (1080 &ndash Fernão Peres de Trava was a Galician nobleman He was the lover of Countess Teresa of Portugal, mother of the Portuguese first king Afonso Henriques Afonso Henriques officially declared Portugal's independence when he proclaimed himself king of Portugal on July 25, 1139, after the Battle of Ourique, he was recognized as such in 1143 by Afonso VII, king of León and Castile, and in 1179 by Pope Alexander III. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Portuguese Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler The Battle of Ourique (oˈɾik(ɨ took place in July 25 (St James day 1139, probably in the Countryside outside the town of Ourique, Alfonso VII ( 1 March 1105 &ndash 21 August 1157) called the Emperor, became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King Pope Alexander III (c 1100/1105 &ndash August 30, 1181) born Rolando (or Orlando) Bandinelli, was Pope from 1159
Afonso Henriques and his successors, aided by military monastic orders, pushed southward to drive out the Moors, as the size of Portugal covered about half of its present area. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period Those living the monastic life are known by the generic terms Monks (men and Nuns (women In 1249, this Reconquista ended with the capture of the Algarve on the southern coast, giving Portugal its present day borders, with minor exceptions. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period The Algarve ( pron aɫ'gaɾv(ɨ is the southernmost region of mainland Portugal.
In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance between England ( succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world which
In 1383, the king of Castile, husband of the daughter of the Portuguese king who had died without a male heir, claimed his throne. An ensuing popular revolt led to the 1383-1385 Crisis. A faction of petty noblemen and commoners, led by John of Aviz (later John I), seconded by General Nuno Álvares Pereira defeated the Castilians in the Battle of Aljubarrota. Dom Nuno Álvares Pereira, O Carm ( pron 'nunu 'aɫvɐɾɨʃ pɨ'ɾɐjɾɐ ( July 24 The Battle of Aljubarrota (alʒuβɐˈʁɔtɐ took place on August 14 1385, between the forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general This celebrated battle is still a symbol of glory and the struggle for independence from neighboring Spain.
In the following decades, Portugal spearheaded the exploration of the world and undertook the Age of Discovery. For additional context see History of Portugal and Portuguese Empire. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavor. The Infante Henrique Duke of Viseu ( Porto, March 4, 1394 – Sagres, November 13, 1460) pron
In 1415, Portugal gained the first of its overseas colonies when a fleet conquered Ceuta, a prosperous Islamic trade center in North Africa. Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, which There followed the first discoveries in the Atlantic: Madeira and the Azores, which led to the first colonization movements. History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism
Throughout the 15th century, Portuguese explorers sailed the coast of Africa, establishing trading posts for several common types of tradable commodities at the time, ranging from gold to slaves, as they looked for a route to India and its spices, which were coveted in Europe. Padrão dos Descobrimentos ( pron. pɐ'dɾɐ̃ũ duʃ dɨʃkubɾi'mẽtuʃ lit The Infante Henrique Duke of Viseu ( Porto, March 4, 1394 – Sagres, November 13, 1460) pron For additional context see History of Portugal and Portuguese Empire. Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. European exploration of Africa began with Ancient Greeks and Romans, that explored and settled in North Africa This article covers the economic history of Portugal. Portugal was once one of the largest and most powerful political and economic powers in the world In 1498, Vasco da Gama finally reached India and brought economic prosperity to Portugal and its then population of one million residents. Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira ('vaʃku dɐ 'gɐmɐ ( Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal, ca
In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral, en route to India, discovered Brazil and claimed it for Portugal. Pedro Álvares Cabral (about 1467/1468/1469 &ndash about 1520 ˈpeðɾʊ ˈaɫvɐɾɨʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ in Portuguese, ˈawvaɾiʃ caˈbɾaw in Brazilian) was |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld [6] Ten years later, Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Goa, in India, Ormuz in the Persian Strait, and Malacca in what is now a state in Malaysia. Dom Afonso de Albuquerque (or Afonso d'Albuquerque - disused (ɐˈfõsu dɨ aɫbuˈkɛɾk(ɨ (1453 Alhandra - Goa, December 16 1515 was a Portuguese Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Kingdom of Ormus (also known as Ohrmuzd, Hormuz, and Ohrmazd; Portuguese Ormuz) was a 10th to 17th century kingdom located A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Thus, the Portuguese empire held dominion over commerce in the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface The Portuguese sailors set out to reach Eastern Asia by sailing eastward from Europe landing in such places like Taiwan, Japan, the island of Timor, and it may also have been Portuguese sailors that were the first Europeans to discover Australia. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Timor is an Island at the south end of the Malay Archipelago, north of the Timor Sea. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. [7]
Portugal's independence was interrupted between 1580 and 1640. Because the heirless King Sebastian died in battle in Morocco, Philip II of Spain claimed his throne and so became Philip I of Portugal. Sebastian I King of Portugal "the Desired" (in Portuguese, Sebastião I, sɨbɐʃˈtiɐ̃ũ o Desejado; born in Lisbon Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Although Portugal did not lose its formal independence, it was governed by the same monarch who governed Spain, briefly forming a union of kingdoms, as a personal union; in 1640, John IV spearheaded an uprising backed by disgruntled nobles and was proclaimed king. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries Iberian Union is a modern day term that refers to the historical political unit that governed all of the Iberian peninsula south of the Pyrenees from 1580–1640 A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct Marriages and descendants John married Luisa de Guzman, daughter of Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzman, 8th Duke of Medina-Sidonia. The Portuguese Restoration War between Portugal and Spain on the aftermath of the 1640 revolt, ended the sixty-year period of the Iberian Union under the House of Habsburg. Portuguese Restoration War (Guerra da Restauração was the name given after the 19th century by romantic historians to the war between Portugal and Castile Iberian Union is a modern day term that refers to the historical political unit that governed all of the Iberian peninsula south of the Pyrenees from 1580–1640 This was the beginning of the House of Braganza, which was to reign in Portugal until 1910. History Dukes Afonso, Count of Barcelos, was an illegitimate son of King João I of Portugal. On 1 November 1755, Lisbon, the largest city and capital of the Portuguese Empire, was strongly shaken by an earthquake which killed between 60,000 and 90,000 people and destroyed eighty-five percent of the city. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1755 ( MDCCLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon Earthquake, took place on November 1 1755 at around 940 in the morning
By this time, however, the Portuguese empire was already under attack from other countries, specifically Britain and the Netherlands. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld
At the height of European colonialism in the 19th century, Portugal had lost its territory in South America and all but a few bases in Asia. The Portuguese Colonial War (Guerra Colonial also known as the Overseas War in Portugal (Guerra do Ultramar or in the former colonies as the See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a During this phase, Portuguese colonialism focused on expanding its outposts in Africa into nation-sized territories to compete with other European powers there. Portuguese territories eventually included the modern nations of Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea-Bissau, Angola, and Mozambique. The Republic of Cape Verde ( Portuguese: Cabo Verde, 'kabu 'veɾdɨ is a Republic located on an Archipelago in the Macaronesia São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is an Island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (ˈgɪni bɨˈsaʊ República da Guiné-Bissau ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɐ giˈnɛ biˈsau is a country in Western Africa, and one of the smallest Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa
In 1910, a revolution deposed the Portuguese monarchy, but chaos continued and considerable economic problems were aggravated by the military intervention in the First World War, which led to a military coup d'état in 1926. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Portuguese Despite its old alliance with Britain Portugal did not form a part of the system of alliances which became enemies in World War I and thus kept its The 28th May 1926 coup d'état, sometimes called 28th May Revolution or during the period of Estado Novo This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar. Estado Novo ( Portuguese for " New State " pron (ɨʃ'tadu 'novu also known as the Second Republic) is the name of the Portuguese António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE, pron. ɐ̃'tɔniu dɨ oli'vɐiɾɐ sɐlɐ'zaɾ
In December 1961, the Portuguese army was involved in armed action in its colony of Portuguese India against an Indian invasion. Portuguese India (Índia Portuguesa or Estado da Índia) was the aggregate of Portugal 's colonial holdings in India. The Invasion of Goa, also known as the Liberation of Goa or Portuguese-Indian War, codenamed Operation Vijay by the Government of India was the The operations resulted in the defeat of the isolated and relatively small Portuguese defense force which was not able to resist a much larger enemy. The outcome was the loss of the Portuguese territories in the Indian subcontinent. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia.
Also in the early 1960s, independence movements in the Portuguese overseas provinces of Angola, Mozambique, and Portuguese Guinea, in Africa, resulted in the Portuguese Colonial War (1961-1974). Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa Portuguese Guinea was the name for what is today Guinea-Bissau from 1446 to September 10, 1974. The Portuguese Colonial War (Guerra Colonial also known as the Overseas War in Portugal (Guerra do Ultramar or in the former colonies as the In 1974, a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon, known as the Carnation Revolution, led the way for a modern democracy as well as the independence of the last colonies in Africa shortly after. Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos was an almost bloodless military-led pro-democratic Coup d'état, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon However, Portugal's last overseas territory, Macau (Asia), was not handed over to the People's Republic of China until as late as 1999. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES
Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and EFTA. The North Atlantic Treaty The European Free Trade Association ( EFTA) is a European Trade bloc which was established on 3 May 1960 as an alternative for European states who were either In 1986, Portugal joined the European Union (then the European Economic Community). The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The European Community (EC is one of the Three pillars of the European Union (EU created under the Maastricht Treaty (1992 It is also a co-founder of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. The Community of Portuguese Language Countries ( Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, pron.
Administrative divisions
Portugal has an administrative structure of 308 municipalities (Portuguese singular/plural: concelho/concelhos), which are subdivided into more than 4,000 parishes (freguesia/freguesias). Sete Cidades is also national park in the state of Piauí, Brazil, see Sete Cidades Piauí Bounding parishes Ginetes São Miguel Island ( pron sɐ̃ũ mi'gɛɫ Portuguese for Saint Michael nicknamed "The Green Island", is the largest and most populous The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from Continental Portugal or Mainland Portugal (Portugal Continental is the designation of the Mainland Portuguese territory located on Europe The two Autonomous Regions of Portugal (Portuguese Regiões Autónomas de Portugal) are the Azores ( Região Autónoma dos Açores) and Madeira The administrative divisions of Portugal are undergoing changes In Portugal, municipality (município or concelho (meaning "council" is the most stable Subdivision of Portugal since the foundation "Freguesia" ( pron fɾɛgɨ'ziɐ is the Portuguese term for Civil parish, a secondary Local administrative unit in Portugal Municipalities are grouped for administrative purposes into superior units. For continental Portugal the municipalities are gathered in 18 Districts, while the Islands have a Regional Government directly above them. Thus, the largest unit of classification is the one established since 1976 into either mainland Portugal (Portugal Continental) or the autonomous regions of Portugal (Azores and Madeira). Continental Portugal or Mainland Portugal (Portugal Continental is the designation of the Mainland Portuguese territory located on Europe The two Autonomous Regions of Portugal (Portuguese Regiões Autónomas de Portugal) are the Azores ( Região Autónoma dos Açores) and Madeira The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the
The European Union's system of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics is also used. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode According to this system, Portugal is divided into 7 regions (Alentejo, Algarve, Açores, Centro, Lisboa, Madeira, and Norte), which are subdivided into 30 subregion. Alentejo (ɐlẽˈtɛʒu is a south-central region of Portugal. The Algarve ( pron aɫ'gaɾv(ɨ is the southernmost region of mainland Portugal. The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from Lisboa is one of the 7 NUTS II regions of Portugal. Prior to 2002 the region was referred as Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the
Geography and climate
The climate can be classified as Mediterranean type csa in the south and csb in the north, according to the Köppen climate classification. Portugal is a coastal nation in southwestern Europe. Its Mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula and borders only one nation &mdash Portugal's conservation areas are divided into five categories One national park ( Parque Nacional) 12 natural parks ( Parque Natural) 9 natural reserves ( Reserva A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist Portugal is one of the warmest European countries, the annual temperature averages in mainland Portugal are 13 °C (55 °F) in the north and 18 °C (64 °F) in the south. Continental Portugal or Mainland Portugal (Portugal Continental is the designation of the Mainland Portuguese territory located on Europe The Madeira and Azores Atlantic archipelagos have a narrower temperature range. History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from Generally, spring and summer are sunny, whereas autumn and winter are rainy and windy. Extreme temperatures occur in Northeastern parts of the country in winter (where they may fall to -15 °C) and Southeastern parts in summer (where they can soar up to 45 °C). Sea coastal areas are milder, temperatures varying between -2 °C on the coldest winter mornings and 40 °C on the hottest summer afternoons. Absolute extremes registered so far have been -23 °C in Serra da Estrela and 48 °C in the Alentejo region. Serra da Estrela (English Mountain Range of the Star) is the highest Mountain range in Portugal and includes Mainland Portugal 's highest Alentejo (ɐlẽˈtɛʒu is a south-central region of Portugal.
Mainland Portugal is split by its main river, the Tagus. Continental Portugal or Mainland Portugal (Portugal Continental is the designation of the Mainland Portuguese territory located on Europe The Tagus ( Latin Tagus, Spanish Tajo, Portuguese Tejo, pron. The northern landscape is mountainous in the interior areas, with plateaus indented by river valleys. The south, between the Tagus and the Algarve (the Alentejo), features mostly rolling plains and a climate somewhat warmer and drier than in the cooler and rainier north. The Tagus ( Latin Tagus, Spanish Tajo, Portuguese Tejo, pron. The Algarve ( pron aɫ'gaɾv(ɨ is the southernmost region of mainland Portugal. Alentejo (ɐlẽˈtɛʒu is a south-central region of Portugal. The Algarve, separated from the Alentejo by mountains, enjoys a Mediterranean climate much like southern Spain. The Algarve ( pron aɫ'gaɾv(ɨ is the southernmost region of mainland Portugal. Alentejo (ɐlẽˈtɛʒu is a south-central region of Portugal. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide Snow falls occasionally (on some cold winter days) in the northern interior of the country, from October to May. "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. However, it is a very rare event in the south. The coast registers snow usually once in five or six years.
The islands of the Azores are located in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge whilst the Madeira islands were formed by the activity of an in-plate hotspot, much like the Hawaiian archipelago. Alentejo (ɐlẽˈtɛʒu is a south-central region of Portugal. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR is a Mid-ocean ridge, a Divergent tectonic plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων tektōn "builder" or "mason" describes the large scale motions of Earth 's Lithosphere In Geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Some islands have had volcanic activity as recently as 1957. Portugal's highest point is Mount Pico on Pico Island. Mount Pico ( Ponta do Pico, in Portuguese) is a Stratovolcano and the highest point on Pico Island in the Azores. Pico Island ( Portuguese: Ilha do Pico, pron 'iʎɐ du 'piku is an island of the Azores noted for its eponymous Volcano, Ponta It is an ancient volcano measuring 2,351 m (7,713 ft). Mainland Portugal's highest point is Serra da Estrela, measuring 1993 m (6,558 ft). Continental Portugal or Mainland Portugal (Portugal Continental is the designation of the Mainland Portuguese territory located on Europe Serra da Estrela (English Mountain Range of the Star) is the highest Mountain range in Portugal and includes Mainland Portugal 's highest
Portugal's Exclusive Economic Zone, a seazone over which the Portuguese have special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, has 1,727,408 km². Portugal has the 3rd largest Exclusive Economic Zone of the EU and the 11th in the world This is the 3rd largest Exclusive Economic Zone of the European Union and the 11th in the world. Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone ( EEZ) is a seazone over which a State has special rights over the exploration and use of marine The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in
Conservation areas of Portugal include one national park (Parque Nacional), 12 natural parks (Parque Natural), 9 natural reserves (Reserva Natural), 5 natural monuments (Monumento Natural), and 7 protected landscapes (Paisagem Protegida), ranging from the Parque Nacional da Peneda-Gerês to the Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela to the Paul de Arzila. Portugal's conservation areas are divided into five categories One national park ( Parque Nacional) 12 natural parks ( Parque Natural) 9 natural reserves ( Reserva The Peneda-Gerês National Park (Parque Nacional da Peneda-Gerês also known simply as Gerês, is the only National park in Portugal (although many Serra da Estrela Natural Park is situated in the largest mountain range in Portugal - the Serra da Estrela, and is the source of the rivers Mondego, Paul de Arzila is a Portuguese Natural reserve occupying an area in Coimbra municipality (in Arzila and neighbouring municipalities of Condeixa-a-Nova
Government and politics
Portugal is a democratic republic ruled by the constitution of 1976 with Lisbon, the nation's largest city, as its capital. The Assembly of the Republic ( Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pron. Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Politics of Portugal takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime Minister The first Portuguese Constitution was drafted in 1822 Several Revolutions led to the constitutions of 1826, 1838 ( Liberal Wars) 1911 ( Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. The four main governing components are the president of the republic, the assembly of the republic, the government, and the courts. The complete list of Presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 Heads of state in the history of Portugal since the October 5 1910 revolution The Assembly of the Republic ( Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pron. The Government is one of the four sovereignty organs of the Portuguese Republic. The constitution grants the division or separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Portugal like most European countries has no state religion, making it a secular state. A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially A secular state is a State or Country that is officially neutral in matters of Religion, neither supporting nor opposing any particular religious beliefs
The president, who is elected to a five-year term, has a supervising, non-executive role. The current President is Aníbal Cavaco Silva. The Assembly of the Republic is a unicameral parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for four-year terms. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber
The government is headed by the prime minister (currently José Sócrates), who chooses the Council of Ministers, comprising all the ministers and the respective state secretaries. In Portugal, the post of Prime Minister ( Portuguese: primeiro-ministro, Pron. José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (ʒuˈzɛ ˈsɔkɾɐtɨʃ; born in Vilar de Maçada degree as a civil Technical engineer
The national and regional governments, and the Portuguese parliament, are dominated by two political parties, the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party. The Assembly of the Republic ( Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pron. Partido Socialista redirects here For other parties with similar names see Socialist Party. History The Social Democratic Party was born on May 6, 1974, when Francisco Sá Carneiro, Minority parties Unitarian Democratic Coalition (Portuguese Communist Party plus Ecologist Party "The Greens"), Bloco de Esquerda (Left Bloc) and CDS-PP (People's Party) are also represented in the parliament and local governments. The Unitarian Democratic Coalition ( Portuguese: Coligação Democrática Unitária or CDU) is an electoral and political coalition between the Portuguese Communist The Portuguese Communist Party ( Portuguese: Partido Comunista Português, pron The Ecologist Party "The Greens" ( Portuguese: Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes" pron Left Bloc ( Portuguese: Bloco de Esquerda, pron 'blɔku dɨ (ɨʃ'keɾdɐ sometimes translated as leftist bloc or left-wing bloc The Assembly of the Republic ( Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pron.
The courts are organized into categories, including judicial, administrative, and fiscal. A court is a forum used by a power base to adjudicate disputes and dispense civil, labour administrative and criminal Justice under its The supreme courts are the courts of last appeal. Portuguese Supreme Court of Justice ( Portuguese: Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, pron. A thirteen-member constitutional court oversees the constitutionality of legislation. The Portuguese Constitutional Court ( Tribunal Constitucional, pron.
Foreign relations
Portugal is a founding member of NATO (1949), OECD and EFTA; it left the latter in 1986 to join the European Union. Foreign relations of Portugal are linked with its historical role as a major player in the Age of Discovery and the holder of the now defunct Portuguese Empire The North Atlantic Treaty The European Free Trade Association ( EFTA) is a European Trade bloc which was established on 3 May 1960 as an alternative for European states who were either The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in In 1996 it co-founded the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. The Community of Portuguese Language Countries ( Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, pron. It has a friendship alliance and dual citizenship treaty with Brazil. Multiple citizenship, or multiple nationality is a status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a Citizen under the laws of more than one state. Portugal is part of the world's oldest active alliance through its treaty with the United Kingdom. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance between England ( succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world which
The only international dispute concerns the municipality of Olivença. Olivenza ( Spanish) or Olivença ( Portuguese) is a town and seat of a municipality on a disputed section Under Portuguese sovereignty since 1297, the municipality of Olivença was ceded to Spain under the Treaty of Badajoz in 1801, after the War of the Oranges. The War of the Oranges (Guerra das Laranjas French: Guerre des Oranges; Spanish: Guerra de las Naranjas) was a brief conflict in 1801 Portugal claimed it back in 1815 under the Treaty of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Nevertheless, bilateral diplomatic relations between the two neighbouring countries are cordial, as well as within the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in
Military
The armed forces have three branches: Army, Navy, and Air Force. The Armed Forces of Portugal, commonly known as the Portuguese Armed Forces ( Forças Armadas Portuguesas) encompasses a Navy ( Marinha The Military history of Portugal is as long as the history of the country, either before the emergence of the socio-political reality of an independent Portuguese state The Portuguese Army (Exército Português is the ground branch of the Portuguese Armed Forces which in cooperation with other branches of the Portuguese military is charged with The Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa also known as Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa or as Armada Portuguesa) is the naval branch of the Portuguese The Portuguese Air Force ( PoAF) (Força Aérea Portuguesa FAP) is the Air force of Portugal. The military of Portugal serves primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and providing humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. Since the early 2000s, compulsory military service is no longer practised. Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority The changes also turned the forces' focus towards professional military engagements. The age for voluntary recruitment is set at 18. In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major military interventions: the First Great War and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961-1974). Despite its old alliance with Britain Portugal did not form a part of the system of alliances which became enemies in World War I and thus kept its The Portuguese Colonial War (Guerra Colonial also known as the Overseas War in Portugal (Guerra do Ultramar or in the former colonies as the Portugal has participated in peacekeeping missions in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq (Nasiriyah), and Lebanon. East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste (officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) is a country in Southeast Asia. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Nasiriyah ( BGN: an-Nāṣiriyyah; also spelled Nassiriya or Nasiriya) is a city in Iraq Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية The Portuguese Military's Rapid Reaction Brigade, a combined force of the nations elite Paratroopers, Special Operations Troops Center, and Commandos, is a special elite fighting force.
Economy
Portugal's economy is based on industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear, cork and wood products, beverages (wine, beer, juice, soft drinks), porcelain and earthenware, and glass and glassware. The Economy of Portugal is a high income market Economy. The Global Competitiveness Report for 2005, published by the World This article covers the economic history of Portugal. Portugal was once one of the largest and most powerful political and economic powers in the world In addition, the country has increased its role in Europe's automotive sector and has a world-class mold-making industry. Services, particularly tourism, are playing an increasingly important role. Portugal's European Union (EU) funding will be cut by 10%, to 22. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in 5 billion euros, during the 2007-2013 period. EU expansion into eastern Europe has erased Portugal's historic competitive advantage and relative low labor costs. The governments are working to change Portugal's economic development model from one based on public consumption and public investment to one focused on exports, private investment, and development of the high-tech sector. Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants A government bond is a bond issued by a national government denominated in the country's own Currency. In Economics, an export is any good or Commodity, Transported from one country to another country in a Legitimate fashion Investment or investing is a term with several closely-related meanings in Business management, Finance and Economics, related to saving High tech is Technology that is at the cutting edge —the most advanced technology currently available
Portugal joined the European Union in 1986 and started a process of modernization within the framework of a stable environment. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in It has achieved a healthy level of growth. Successive governments have implemented reforms and privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy. Portugal was one of the founding countries of the euro in 1999, and therefore is integrated into the Eurozone. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e Euro Enlargement of the
Major industries include oil refineries, automotive, cement production, pulp and paper industry, textile, footwear, furniture, and cork (of which Portugal is the world's leading producer). An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles In the most general sense of the word a cement is a binder a substance which sets and hardens independently and can bind other materials together The global pulp and paper industry is dominated by North American ( United States, Canada) Northern European ( Finland, Sweden A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Footwear consists of Garments worn on the feet, for protection against the environment and Adornment. Furniture is the Mass noun for the movable objects which may support the human body (seating furniture and beds, provide storage or hold objects on horizontal Cork material is a Prime-subset of generic cork tissue, harvested for commercial use primarily from the Cork Oak tree Quercus [8] Manufacturing accounts for 33% of exports. Portugal is the world's fifth-largest producer of tungsten, and the world's eighth-largest producer of wine. Tungsten (ˈtʌŋstən also known as wolfram (/ˈwʊlfrəm/ is a Chemical element that has the symbol W and Atomic number 74 Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Agriculture and Fishing (see Portugal EEZ) no longer represents the bulk of the economy, but Portuguese wines, namely Port Wine (named after the country's second largest city, Porto) and Madeira Wine (named after Madeira Island), are exported worldwide. Portugal has the 3rd largest Exclusive Economic Zone of the EU and the 11th in the world Portuguese wine is part of the ancient traditions introduced to the region by ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians Carthaginians Greeks, and mostly Port wine (also known as Vinho do Porto, Oporto, Porto, and often simply Port) is a Portuguese, Fortified Madeira is a fortified Portuguese wine made in the Madeira Islands. History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the Tourism is also important, especially in mainland Portugal's southernmost region of the Algarve and in the Atlantic Madeira archipelago. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The Algarve ( pron aɫ'gaɾv(ɨ is the southernmost region of mainland Portugal. History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the
The Global Competitiveness Report for 2005, published by the World Economic Forum, places Portugal on the 22nd position, ahead of countries such as Spain, Ireland, France, Belgium and Hong Kong . The World Economic Forum (WEF is a Geneva -based Non-profit foundation best known for its Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders This represents an increase of two places from the 2004 ranking. Portugal was ranked 20th on the Technology index and 15th on the Public Institutions index. [9]
Research about standard of living by the Economist Intelligence Unit's quality of life survey[10] places Portugal as the country with the 19th-best quality of life in the world, ahead of other economically and technologically advanced countries like France, Germany, the United Kingdom and South Korea. The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these goods and services are distributed within a population The Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU) is part of The Economist Group. Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː This is despite the fact that Portugal has the lowest per capita GDP in Western Europe and among the lowest in the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in
Caixa Geral de Depósitos, EDP, Galp, Millennium bcp, Portugal Telecom and Sonae are among the largest corporations of Portugal by both number of employees and net income. Caixa Geral de Depósitos, pron. 'kaiʃɐ ʒɨ'ɾaɫ dɨ dɨ'pɔzituʃ (CGD is a Portuguese State-owned Banking Corporation. EDP - Energias de Portugal (formerly known as "Electricidade de Portugal",) ranks among Europe's major electricity operators as well as being one of Portugal's The Galp Energia Group is a Portuguese Corporation which consists of more than 100 companies engaged in activities such as Natural gas supply regasification Banco Comercial Português ("Portuguese Commercial Bank" also known as BCP was founded in 1985 and is the largest Bank of Portugal Portugal Telecom (PT is the largest Telecommunications service provider in Portugal. Sonae ( is a conglomerate, and is the largest private employer in Portugal with a strong appeal to senior managers and young graduates Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue.
The major stock exchange is the Euronext Lisbon which is part of the NYSE Euronext, the first global stock exchange. A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a Corporation or Mutual organization which provides "trading" facilities for Stock Euronext Lisbon is a Stock exchange in Lisbon, Portugal. It belongs to the NYSE Euronext group the first global stock exchange NYSE Euronext Inc (formerly NYSE Group Inc and Euronext NV) is a Euro - American for-profit corporation that operates multiple The PSI-20 is Portugal's most selective and widely known stock index. The PSI-20 (an Acronym of Portuguese Stock Index) is a benchmark Stock market index of companies that trade on Euronext Lisbon, the main A stock market index is a method of measuring a section of the Stock market.
Energy, transportation, communications, water supply and sanitation
In 2006 the world's largest solar power plant began operating in the nation's sunny south while the world's first commercial wave power farm opened in October 2006 in the Norte region. Railways Total 2850 km Broad gauge 2576 km 1668-m gauge (623 km electrified 426 km double track Narrow gauge 178 km 1 The regulatory body for communications is ANACOM. Telephones - main lines in use 4 In 2001 the Portuguese government launched a new Energy policy instrument – the E4 Programme (Energy Efficiency and Endogenous Energies consisting of a set of multiple diversified Access In Portugal 93% of households have access to drinking water through house connections (97% in urban areas but only 50% in rural areas 76% of households have access to Solar energy is the Light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth 's Climate and Weather and sustains Life Wave power refers to the Energy of Ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work — including Electricity generation, As of 2006, 55% of electricity production was from coal and fuel power plants. The other 40% was produced by hydroelectrics and 5% by wind energy. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water Wind Power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form such as electricity using Wind turbines At the end of 2007 worldwide capacity of wind-powered generators was The government is channeling $38,000,000,000 into developing renewable energy sources over the next five years. Renewable energy is Energy generated from Natural resources mdashsuch as Sunlight, Wind, Rain, tides and geothermal
Portugal wants renewable energy sources like solar, wind and wave power to account for nearly half of the electricity consumed in the country by 2010. Renewable energy is Energy generated from Natural resources mdashsuch as Sunlight, Wind, Rain, tides and geothermal "This new goal will place Portugal in the frontline of renewable energy and make it, along with Austria and Sweden, one of the three nations that most invest in this sector", Prime Minister José Sócrates said. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (ʒuˈzɛ ˈsɔkɾɐtɨʃ; born in Vilar de Maçada degree as a civil Technical engineer
Transportation was seen as a priority in the 1990s, pushed by the growing use of automobiles and industrialization. The country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) network of roads, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of a 44 motorways system. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation
The two principal metropolitan areas have subway systems: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in Porto, each with more than 35 km (22 mi) of lines. The Lisbon Metro (Metropolitano de Lisboa is the metro (subway system that provides Lisbon, Portugal with Mass-transit services A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Porto Metro ( Metro do Porto) part of the Mass transit Public transport system of Porto, Portugal, is a Light-rail Construction of a high-speed TGV line connecting Porto with Lisbon and Lisbon with Madrid will begin in 2008; it will replace the Pendolinos. The TGV ( t rain à g rande v itesse, French for "high-speed train" is France 's High-speed rail service Pendolino (from Italian Pendolo "Pendulum" and -ino, a diminutive suffix is an Italian family of Tilting trains used in
Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover point for many foreign airlines at airports all over the country. The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon's Portela airport. Alcochete ( pron aɫku'ʃet(ɨ is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 129 Portela Airport, also known as Lisbon Airport, is located within the city of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Faro, Porto, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores). Portela Airport, also known as Lisbon Airport, is located within the city of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Faro Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional de Faro) is located about 4 Aeroporto Internacional Dr Francisco de Sá Carneiro also known as Aeroporto do Porto or Aeroporto de Pedras Rubras is the international airport of Porto Madeira Airport, also known as Funchal Airport and Santa Catarina Airport, is an international Airport located near Funchal, Madeira History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the João Paulo II Airport, named for Pope John Paul II, is an Airport located on the Island of São Miguel, less than 3 km west of the city The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from
Portugal has one of the highest mobile phone penetration rates in the world (the number of operative mobile phones already exceeds the population). "The world " is a proper noun for the planet Earth envisioned from an Anthropocentric or Human Worldview, as a place This network also provides wireless mobile Internet connections as well, and covers the entire territory. As of October 2006, 36. 8% of households had high-speed Internet services and 78% of companies had Internet access. Most Portuguese watch television through cable (June 2004: 73. 6% of households). Paid Internet connections are available at many cafés, as well as many post offices. One can also surf on the Internet at hotels, conference centres and shopping centres, where special areas are reserved for this purpose. Free internet access is also available to Portuguese residents at "Espaços de Internet" across the country.
Portugal has also modernized its water supply and sanitation system, in particular by increasing the rate of wastewater treated with support from EU subsidies to 80%. Access In Portugal 93% of households have access to drinking water through house connections (97% in urban areas but only 50% in rural areas 76% of households have access to The country has also established a modern institutional and legal framework for the water and sanitation sector, including an autonomous regulatory agency, a national asset holding company called Águas de Portugal and a number of multi-municipal utilities. Águas de Portugal group (AdP Group is a Portuguese State-owned company that operates in the environmental sector in Water supply, wastewater This replaced an institutionally fragemented sector structure, under which the country's 308 municipalities - many of them very small - had exclusive responsibility for water and sanitation.
Demographics
The country is fairly homogeneous linguistically and religiously. Urban organization Metropolitan areas As of 2001 Census Portugal had two significant agglomerations Lisbon Metropolitan Region and Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Immigration Portugal long a country of emigration has now become a country of net immigration and not just from the last Indian (Portuguese until 1961 African The Douro or Duero ( Latin: Durius, Spanish: Duero, Portuguese: Douro, pron. Grande Porto or Greater Porto is a Portuguese NUTS3 subregion integrating the NUTS2 region of Norte, in Portugal. Native Portuguese are ethnically a combination of pre-Celts, Celts, and the Lusitanians, along with some other minor contributions by Phoenicians, Romans, Germanic (Visigoths, Suebi, Buri), Alans, some Jews and Moors (mostly Berbers and some Arabs). The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) were an Indo-European people living in the western Iberian Peninsula long before it became the Roman Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East The Suebi or Suevi (from Proto-Germanic * swēbaz based on the Proto-Germanic root * swē- meaning "one's own" The Buri first appear in history as a Germanic tribe mentioned in the Germania of Tacitus, where they initially "close the back" of the Marcomanni The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding
In the 2001 census, the population was 10,356,117, of which 52% was female, 48% was male. Portugal, long a country of emigration,[11] has now become a country of net immigration,[12] and not just from the former Asian and African colonies; by the end of 2003, legal immigrants represented about 5% of the population, and the largest communities were from Brazil, Ukraine, Romania, Cape Verde, Angola, Russia, Guinea-Bissau and Moldova with other immigrants from parts of Latin America, China and Eastern Europe. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Republic of Cape Verde ( Portuguese: Cabo Verde, 'kabu 'veɾdɨ is a Republic located on an Archipelago in the Macaronesia Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (ˈgɪni bɨˈsaʊ República da Guiné-Bissau ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɐ giˈnɛ biˈsau is a country in Western Africa, and one of the smallest Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The great majority of Portuguese are Roman Catholic, though a large percentage consider themselves non-practicing, especially in urban lands. The Catholic Church in Portugal is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and Curia in Rome
The most populous cities are Lisbon, Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Amadora, Braga, Coimbra, Almada, Funchal and Setúbal. Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Vila Nova de Gaia, or simply Gaia, ( pron 'vilɐ 'nɔvɐ dɨ 'gajɐ is a city in Portugal. Amadora ( pron ɐmɐ'doɾɐ is a City and a municipality in Portugal, in the northwest of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Braga (ˈBrag-uh a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal, is the capital of the district of Braga, the oldest archdiocese Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra Almada - Arabic: حصن المعدن ( pron aɫ'madɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 70 Churches and Parishes Imaculado Coração de Maria Monte Santa Luzia Santa Maria Maior Setúbal (sɨˈtubaɫ or) is a city and a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 172 There are seven Greater Metropolitan Areas (GAMs): Algarve, Aveiro, Coimbra, Lisbon, Minho, Porto and Viseu. A Greater Metropolitan Area ( Grande Área Metroplitana in Portuguese) is a type of administrative division in Portugal. The Greater Metropolitan Area of the Algarve (Grande Área Metropolitana do Algarve has 16 municipalities (largest to smallest in number of inhabitants Loulé, The Greater Metropolitan Area of Aveiro ( Grande Área Metropolitana de Aveiro) in Portugal consists of 13 municipalities that makes the fourth most populous metropolitan The Grande Área Metropolitana de Coimbra (or in English Greater Metropolitan Area of Coimbra has 16 municipalities (largest to smallest in number of inhabitants Coimbra Lisbon Metropolitan Area ( Portuguese: Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, or AML) is a territorial zone that includes 18 municipalities ( Concelhos Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho ( Grande Área Metropolitana do Minho) in Portugal consists of 13 municipalities that makes the third most populous metropolitan The Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto is a metropolitan area in coastal northern Portugal which covers 14 municipalities including the City of Porto, making The Greater Metropolitan Area of Viseu (Grande Área Metropolitana de Viseu has 21 municipalities (largest to smallest in number of inhabitants Viseu,
Education, science and technology
The educational system is divided into preschool (for those under age 6), basic education (9 years, in three stages, compulsory), secondary education (3 years), and higher education (university and polytechnic). Education in Portugal is regulated by the State through two ministries - the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science Technology and Higher Education Higher education in Portugal is divided into two main subsystems University and Polytechnic education Science and technology in Portugal is mainly conducted within a network of Research and development (R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed Australia See also Education Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable
Portuguese universities have existed since 1290. The oldest Portuguese university was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra. The University of Coimbra (UC ( Portuguese: Universidade de Coimbra, pron Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra Universities are usually organized into faculties. A faculty is a division within a University. The concept of a university with different faculties for different subjects dates back to Al-Azhar University, which had Institutes and schools are also common designations for autonomous subdivisions of Portuguese higher education institutions, and are always used in the polytechnical system. This is a list of Portuguese institutions providing Higher education. The Bologna process has been adopted since 2006 by Portuguese universities and polytechnical institutes. The purpose of the Bologna process (or Bologna accords is to create the European higher education area by making Academic degree standards and quality assurance standards
Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação. Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. The phrase research and development (also R and D or more often R&D) according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers This is a list of Portuguese institutions providing Higher education. The Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Tecnologia e Inovação (National Institute of Engineering Technology and Innovation usually known as INETI for short is a state-run The funding of this research system is mainly conducted under the authority of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education. The largest R&D units of the public universities by number of publications which achieved significant international recognition, include biosciences research institutions like the Instituto de Medicina Molecular, the Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, the IPATIMUP and the Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, among others. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles The Instituto de Medicina Molecular (Institute of Molecular Medicine or IMM for short is an associated Research institution of the University of Lisbon The Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC - Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular is a Bioscience and Biomedicine research institute of the University The Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, best known by its Acronym IPATIMUP ( I nstituto de Pat ologia e The Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology ( IBMC - I nstituto de B iologia M olecular e C elular in Porto, Portugal Internationally notable state-supported research centres in other fields include the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, a joint research effort between Portugal and Spain. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory is a Luso - Spanish international Nanotechnology research organization in Braga, Portugal Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation which yearly awards one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world. The Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC (Gulbenkian Science Institute was founded and is supported by the Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (FCG to carry on Biomedical The Champalimaud Foundation is a private Portuguese Biomedical research Foundation and Research institute, which aims to support the medical A number of both national and multinational high-tech and industrial companies, are also responsible for research and development projects. One of the oldest learned societies of Portugal is the Sciences Academy of Lisbon. The Sciences Academy of Lisbon (Academia das Ciências de Lisboa was created in 1779 in Lisbon, Portugal, as an institution dedicated to the
Portugal made agreements with several European scientific organizations aiming at full membership. These include the European Space Agency (ESA), the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN), ITER, and the European Southern Observatory (ESO). The European Space Agency ( ESA) established in 1975 is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 17 member The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire known as CERN ITER is an international Tokamak ( Magnetic confinement fusion) research/engineering proposal for an experimental project that will help to make the transition from Portugal has entered into cooperation agreements with MIT (USA) and other North American institutions in order to further develop and increase the effectiveness of Portuguese higher education and research. Higher education in Portugal is divided into two main subsystems University and Polytechnic education
Law
The Portuguese legal system is part of the civil law legal system, also called the continental family legal system. The Portuguese legal system is a civil law or continental legal system based on Roman law. The Portuguese legal system is part of the civil law or continental family of legal systems The Portuguese legal system is part of the civil law or continental family of legal systems Until the end of the 19th century, French law was the main influence. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Since then the major influence has been German law. The judiciary's independence and extensive responsibilities reflect the importance of the rule of law in the German system of government The main laws include the Constitution (1976, as amended), the Civil Code (1966, as amended) and the Penal Code (1982, as amended). A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity A civil code is a systematic compilation of laws designed to comprehensively deal with the core areas of Private law. A penal code is a portion of a State 's Laws defining Crimes and specifying the Punishment. Other relevant laws are the Commercial Code (1888, as amended) and the Civil Procedure Code (1961, as amended). Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta
Religion
Portuguese society is overwhelmingly Roman Catholic. See also Monasterio de Jerónimos, Madrid, Spain The Hieronymites Monastery ( Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, pron Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. The most predominant religion in Portugal is Roman Catholicism. 84% of the population are nominally Roman Catholic, but only about 19% attend mass and take the sacraments regularly. A larger number wish to be baptized, married in the church, and receive last rites. [13]
Many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions have a Christian origin or connotation. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Although relations between the Portuguese state and the Roman Catholic Church were generally amiable and stable since the earliest years of the Portuguese nation, their relative power fluctuated. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the church enjoyed both riches and power stemming from its role in the reconquest and its close identification with early Portuguese nationalism and the foundation of the Portuguese educational system, including the first university. The Consolidation of the Monarchy in Portugal ( 1279 - 1415) 1279 Until the Early 14th Century The chief problems now confronting the monarchy The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period The University of Coimbra (UC ( Portuguese: Universidade de Coimbra, pron The growth of the Portuguese overseas empire made its missionaries important agents of colonization with important roles of evangelization and teaching in all inhabited continents. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta See also Evangelism, Christianization A Christian mission has been widely defined since the Lausanne Congress of 1974 as that which Colonisation (also known as Colonization) occurs whenever any one or more species populates a new area Evangelism is the Christian practice of proselytisation. The intention of most evangelism is to effect Eternal salvation to those who do not follow the In Education, a teacher is one who helps Students or pupils often in a School, as well as in a Family, religious or
Culture
Portugal has developed a specific culture while being influenced by various civilizations that have crossed the Mediterranean and the European continent, or were introduced when it played an active role during the Age of Discovery. The culture of Portugal is rooted in the Latin culture of Ancient Rome, with a Celtiberian background (a mixture of pre-Roman Celts and Évora (ˈɛvuɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The city proper has 41159 inhabitants and the municipality has a total area of 1307 For additional context see History of Portugal and Portuguese Empire.
Portuguese literature, one of the earliest Western literatures, developed through text and song. Belém Tower (in Portuguese Torre de Belém, pron. 'toɾ(ɨ dɨ bɨ'lɐ̃ĩ is a fortified tower located in the Belém district of The Age of Discovery or Age of Exploration was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century during which Europeans explored Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. This is a survey of Portuguese literature. The Portuguese language was developed gradually from the Vulgar language (i Until 1350, the Portuguese-Galician troubadours spread their literary influence to most of the Iberian Peninsula. Galician-Portuguese (also known as galego-português or galaico-português in Portuguese and as galego-portugués or galaico-portugués A troubadour ( IPA:, originally) was a composer and performer of Occitan Lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100&ndash1350 [14] Gil Vicente (ca. Gil Vicente (ˈʒil viˈsentɨ (1465 &ndash 1537 called the Trobadour, was a Portuguese Playwright and Poet who 1465 - ca. 1536), was one of the founders of both Portuguese and Spanish dramatic traditions. Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (ca. Luís Vaz de Camões (luˈiʃ vaʃ dɨ kaˈmõĩʃ sometimes rendered in English from old Portuguese as Camoens) (c 1524-1580) wrote the epic poem The Lusiads, with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Os Lusíadas, pron. uʃ lu'ziɐdɐʃ (usually known by the title The Lusiads in English is a Portuguese epic poem Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (fɨɾˈnɐ̃du pɨˈsoɐ (b Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queirós, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, and António Lobo Antunes. João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett 1st Viscount of Almeida Garrett, pron Camilo Ferreira Botelho Castelo-Branco, 1st Viscount de Correia Botelho ( pron Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen ( November 6 1919 - July 2 2004) was an award-winning Portuguese Poet. António Lobo Antunes, GCSE MD (born September 1, 1942) is a Portuguese Novelist. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize for literature. José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE (ʒuˈzɛ sɐɾɐˈmagu born November 16, 1922) is a Nobel-laureate Portuguese The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred
Portuguese music encompasses a wide variety of genres. The Belém Cultural Center ( CCB - Centro Cultural de Belém), located in the Belém quarter of Lisbon, is the largest building with cultural Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Portugal is internationally known in the Music scene for its traditions of Fado, but the country has seen a recent expansion in musical styles with modern acts The most renowned is fado, a melancholy urban music, usually associated with the Portuguese guitar and saudade, or longing. FADO - False and Authentic Documents Online A computerised image-archiving system to help combat illegal immigration and organised crime ACT Council Joint Action 98/700/JHA The Portuguese guitar or Portuguese guitarra ( guitarra portuguesa) is a plucked string instrument with twelve steel strings strung in six courses comprising of two Coimbra fado, a unique type of fado, is also noteworthy. Coimbra Fado (Portuguese Fado de Coimbra) is a genre of Fado originating in the city of Coimbra, Portugal Internationally notable performers include Amália Rodrigues, Carlos Paredes, José Afonso, Mariza, Carlos do Carmo, Mísia, and Madredeus. Amália da Piedade Rebordão Rodrigues, GCSE, GCIH, pron ɐ'maliɐ ʁu'dɾigɨʃ ( July 23, 1920 &ndash Carlos Paredes, ComSE, pron. 'kaɾluʃ pɐ'ɾedɨʃ ( February 16 1925 &ndash July 23 José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos, also known as Zeca Afonso ( pron. Marisa dos Reis Nunes ( pron mɐ'ɾizɐ (born December 16, 1973 in Mozambique, then a Portuguese colony) is the birth name of two Carlos do Carmo, ComIH (born 1939 is a Portuguese Fado singer one of the finest in the "Lisbon Song" Madredeus ( pron madɾɨ'ðewʃ is a Portuguese band Their music combines Fado influences with modern Folk music. One of the most notable Portuguese musical groups outside the country, and specially in Germany, is the goth-metal band Moonspell. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Moonspell is a Portuguese Black metal / Gothic metal band with Death/doom metal elements formed in 1989 as Morbid God In addition to fado and folk, the Portuguese listen to pop and other types of modern music, particularly from North America and the United Kingdom, as well as a wide range of Portuguese and Brazilian artists and bands. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located [15] Bands with international recognition include Blasted Mechanism and The Gift, both of which were nominated for an MTV Music Award. Blasted Mechanism are a Portuguese experimental electro-rock band known for its highly theatrical live shows which involve elaborated alien-themed costumes as a backdrop The Gift is a Portuguese alternative / electronic / rock band The MTV Video Music Awards were established in the end of the summer of 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top Music videos of the year Portugal has several summer music festivals, such as Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha, and Rock in Rio Lisboa and Super Bock Super Rock in Lisbon. Festival Sudoeste is a large four-day Music festival that began in 1997 and takes place every August near Zambujeira do Mar, in southern Portugal. Zambujeira do Mar is small fishing village on the Portuguese coast a civil parish of Odemira municipality in the Alentejo region Paredes de Coura Festival is a Rock festival that happens every year in August at Praia do Tabuão in Paredes de Coura, Portugal. Paredes de Coura ( pron. pɐ'ɾedɨʃ dɨ 'ko(owɾɐ is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 138 Vilar de Mouros Festival is the oldest rock festival in Portugal. Caminha ( pron kɐ'miɲɐ is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo located in the district of Viana do Castelo Rock in Rio, the largest rock festival in the world (15 million people in the first edition 700 thousand in the second about 1 million in the third and in the 3 international editions Super Bock Super Rock is a Rock festival created in 1994 and that has attracted many stars since that time Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Out of the summer season, Portugal has a large number of festivals, designed more to an urban audience, like Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto. Furthermore, one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in northern Portugal every two years, and the student festivals of Queima das Fitas are major events in a number of cities across Portugal. Goa Trance ( Goa, 604) is a form of Electronic music that originated during the late 1980s in Goa, India. The Queima das Fitas ( Portuguese for Burning of the Ribbons is a traditional festivity of the students of some Portuguese universities organized originally by the
In the Classical music domain, Portugal is represented by names as the pianist Maria João Pires, the violinist Carlos Damas, the operatic baritone Jorge Chaminé, and in the past by the great cellist Guilhermina Suggia. Maria João Pires (born in Lisbon, Portugal, July 23 1944) is a renowned Portuguese Pianist who currently lives in Jorge Chaminé (born 30 April 1956 in Porto, Portugal) is a Portuguese operatic Baritone. Guilhermina Suggia ( June 27 1885 &ndash July 30 1950, full name Guilhermina Augusta Xavier de Medim Suggia Carteado Mena) Notable composers include Luís de Freitas Branco and his student Joly Braga Santos. Luís Maria da Costa de Freitas Branco ( Lisbon, 12 October 1890 &mdash Lisbon 27 November 1955 was a Portuguese Composer and academic José Manuel Joly Braga Santos, ComSE ( pron. ʒɔ'li 'bɾagɐ 'sɐ̃tuʃ ( May 14, 1924 - July 18, 1988)
It has also a rich history as far as painting is concerned. Casa da Música is a major Concert hall space in Porto, Portugal which houses the cultural institution of the same name with its three orchestras The first well-known painters date back to the XV century – like Nuno Gonçalves - were part of the Gothic painting period. Nuno Gonçalves was a 15th century Portuguese Artist credited for the Painting of the paineis de São Vicente de Fora ( Saint Vincent Panels José Malhoa, known for his work Fado, and Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (who painted the portraits of Teófilo Braga and Antero de Quental) were both references in naturalist painting. José Vital Branco Malhoa, known simply as José Malhoa ( Caldas da Rainha, 28 April, 1855; Figueiró dos Vinhos, 26 October Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro ( Lisbon, 21 November 1857 - Lisbon, 6 November 1929) who is usually referred to as Columbano Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga, commonly known as Teófilo (sometimes Theophilo) Braga (tiˈɔfilu ˈbɾagɐ Ponta Delgada, Azores Antero Tarquínio de Quental (ɐ̃ˈtɛɾu dɨ kẽˈtaɫ old spelling Anthero ( April 18, 1842 - September 11, 1891) Portuguese
The 20th century saw the arrival of Modernism, and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly by the Delaunays. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian is a Portuguese Private foundation of public utility whose statutory aims are in the Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Amadeo de Souza Cardoso ( November 24, 1887 - October 25, 1918) was a Portuguese artist working in the style of the vanguard of his Robert Delaunay ( April 12 1885 — October 25 1941) was a French artist who used orphism, similar to abstraction Among his best known works is Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro. Another great modernist painter/writer was Almada Negreiros, friend to the poet Fernando Pessoa, who painted his (Pessoa’s) portrait. José Sobral de Almada Negreiros ( São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Mé-Zóchi District, Trindade, Roça Saudade April 7, Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (fɨɾˈnɐ̃du pɨˈsoɐ (b He was deeply influenced by both Cubist and Futurist trends. Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European Futurism was an Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century Prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays include painters Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, and Paula Rego. Maria Helena Vieira da Silva (1908–1992 was a Portuguese-French abstractionist painter Julio Pomar, GOL, GCM (born in Lisbon 1926 is a Portuguese painter Paula Figueiroa Rego, GCSE, pron 'paulɐ 'ʁegu (born 1935) is a Portuguese painter, Illustrator Traditional architecture is distinctive. Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira and Gonçalo Byrne. Eduardo Elísio Machado Souto de Moura (born on July 25, 1952 in Porto) is a Portuguese Architect. Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira, GOSE, GCIH, (born 25 June 1933 in Matosinhos) Gonçalo Byrne, GCIH (b Alcobaça 1941 is a Portuguese architect Internally, Tomás Taveira is also noteworthy. Tomás Taveira (born 1938 is a Portuguese Architect. He is among Portugal's most highly-acclaimed architects born in the 20th century
Since the 1990s, Portugal has increased the number of public cultural facilities, in addition to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established in 1956 in Lisbon. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian is a Portuguese Private foundation of public utility whose statutory aims are in the These include the Belém Cultural Center in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música, both in Porto, as well as new public cultural facilities like municipal libraries and concert halls which were built or renovated in many municipalities across the country. The Belém Cultural Center ( CCB - Centro Cultural de Belém), located in the Belém quarter of Lisbon, is the largest building with cultural Serralves Foundation ( Fundação de Serralves) is an Art foundation in Porto, Portugal. Casa da Música is a major Concert hall space in Porto, Portugal which houses the cultural institution of the same name with its three orchestras
Cuisine
Portuguese cuisine is diverse. Pastel de Nata ( pron. pɐʃ'tɛɫ dɨ 'natɐ plural Pastéis de Nata) or Pastel de Belém ( pron. Portuguese cuisine is characterised by rich filling and full-flavoured dishes and is an example of a Mediterranean diet. Portuguese wine is part of the ancient traditions introduced to the region by ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians Carthaginians Greeks, and mostly The Portuguese love dry cod (bacalhau in Portuguese), for which there are hundreds of recipes. Cod is the common name for the Genus Gadus of Fish, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety Bacalhau means Codfish in Portuguese, but the word almost always refers to salt cod and the dishes made from it as fresh cod is rarely consumed in Bacalhau means Codfish in Portuguese, but the word almost always refers to salt cod and the dishes made from it as fresh cod is rarely consumed in There are more than enough bacalhau dishes for each day of the year. Bacalhau means Codfish in Portuguese, but the word almost always refers to salt cod and the dishes made from it as fresh cod is rarely consumed in Two other popular fish recipes are grilled sardines and caldeirada. For the hide and seek-like game see Hide and seek. Sardines, or pilchards, are a group of several types of small Oily Caldeirada is a typical Portuguese stew consisting of a large variety of Fish, and sometimes Shellfish, with potatoes tomato and onion Typical Portuguese meat recipes, that may take beef, pork, lamb, or chicken, include feijoada, cozido à portuguesa, frango de churrasco, and carne de porco à alentejana. Beef is the Culinary name for Meat from Bovines especially domestic Cattle (cows Pork' is the Culinary name for Meat from the domestic Pig ( Sus scrofa) often specifically the fresh meat but can be used as an all-inclusive The chicken ( Gallus gallus, sometimes G gallus domesticus) is a domesticated Fowl which is traditionally believed to have descended from Feijoada is a Stew of beans with Beef and Pork meats which is a typical Portuguese dish also typical in Brazil, Cozido or cocido is one of the traditional dishes of Spanish and Portuguese cuisine. Churrasco is a Portuguese (IPA-pt /ʃuhasko/ and Spanish (IPA-sp /tʃurˈrɑskɔ/ term referring to Beef or grilled meat more generally Carne de Porco à Alentejana is one of the most traditional and popular Pork dishes of Portuguese cuisine.
Typical fast food dishes include the francesinha from Porto, and bifanas (grilled pork), prego (grilled beef) or leitão (piglet) sandwiches which are well known around the country. Port wine (also known as Vinho do Porto, Oporto, Porto, and often simply Port) is a Portuguese, Fortified Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly Francesinha (meaning Little French Girl in Portuguese) is a Portuguese Sandwich originally from Porto, made with bread wet-cured Pigs, also called hogs or' swine', are Ungulates which have been domesticated as sources of food leather and similar products since ancient times A sandwich is a food item made of two or more slices of Bread with one or more layers of a filling The Portuguese art of pastry has its origins in ancient recipes of which pastéis de Belém (or pastéis de nata) originally from Lisbon, and ovos-moles from Aveiro are good examples. This article describes Pastry in food For the Distributed Hash Table system see Pastry_(DHT. Pastel de Nata ( pron. pɐʃ'tɛɫ dɨ 'natɐ plural Pastéis de Nata) or Pastel de Belém ( pron. Ovos-moles is a local Delicacy from Aveiro, Portugal, made of Egg yolks and Sugar.
Portuguese wines have deserved international recognition since the times of the Roman Empire, which associated Portugal with their God Bacchus. In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman Today the country is known by wine lovers and its wines have won several international prizes. Some of the best Portuguese wines are: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine and the Moscatel from Setúbal and Favaios. Vinho Verde is a Portuguese wine from the Minho region in the far north of the country Vinho Verde is a Portuguese wine from the Minho region in the far north of the country Port wine (also known as Vinho do Porto, Oporto, Porto, and often simply Port) is a Portuguese, Fortified Madeira is a fortified Portuguese wine made in the Madeira Islands. Muscat of Alexandria is a white Wine Grape that is a member of the Muscat family of Vitis vinifera. Setúbal (sɨˈtubaɫ or) is a city and a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 172 Favaios ( pron. fɐ'vaiuʃ is a Freguesia of Alijó municipality in Portugal. Port Wine is well known around the world and the most widely exported Portuguese wine.
Sports and games
Football is the most known, loved and practiced sport. Football is the most popular and practised sport in Portugal. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Portugal national football team is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF finishing 4th at the last World Cup. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The legendary Eusébio is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history and Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo are among the numerous examples of other world-class footballers born in Portugal and noted worldwide. Eusébio da Silva Ferreira, GCIH, GCM ( pron eu'zɛbiʊ dɐ 'siɫvɐ fɨ'ʁɐiɾɐ (born January 25, 1942 in Luís Filipe Madeira Caeiro Figo, (born 4 November 1972 in Almada, Portugal) is a professional Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro, OIH (kɾɨʃˈtiɐnu ʁuˈnaɫdu born 5 February 1985 in Funchal, Madeira) is a Portuguese footballer
The Portuguese national teams, have titles in the FIFA World Youth Championship and in the UEFA youth championships. The Portugal national football team is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF finishing 4th at the last World Cup. The FIFA U-20 World Cup, until 2005 known as the FIFA World Youth Championship, is the world championship of Association football for male players under the age of The Union of European Football Associations (Union des associations européennes de football is the administrative and controlling body for European football. The main national team - Selecção Nacional - finished second in Euro 2004, reached the third place in the 1966 FIFA World Cup, and reached the fourth place in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, their best results in major competitions to date. The 2004 UEFA European Football Championship (or just Euro 2004) was the twelfth edition of the UEFA European Football Championship, a quadrennial football The 1966 FIFA World Cup, the eighth staging of the World Cup was held in England from 11 July to 30 July The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th instance of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament
F.C. Porto, S.L. Benfica and Sporting C.P. are the largest sports clubs by popularity and in terms of trophies won, often known as "os três grandes" ("the big three"). Futebol Clube do Porto ( pron futɨ'bɔɫ 'klub(ɨ du 'poɾtu - short FC Porto or FCP - is a Portuguese Sports club best known Sport Lisboa e Benfica (spɔɾ liʒˈboɐ i bɐ̃ĩˈfikɐ commonly referred to as simply Benfica, S Sporting Clube de Portugal ( pron 'spɔɾtĩg 'klub(ɨ dɨ puɾtu'gaɫ referred to coloquially as Sporting, Sporting CP or erroneously Sporting A sports club, athletics club or sports association is an eclectic institution oriented to multiple Sports which fields many Teams and in several The Big Three (Os Três Grandes is the nickname of the three most powerful Sports clubs in Portugal. They have a number of titles won in the European UEFA club competitions, were present in many finals and have been regular contenders in the last stages almost every season. The Union of European Football Associations (Union des associations européennes de football is the administrative and controlling body for European football. Other than football, many Portuguese sports clubs, including the "big three", compete in several other sports events with a varying level of success and popularity.
Portugal has a successful rink hockey team, with 15 world titles and 20 european titles, making it the country with the most wins in both competitions. Pavilhão Atlântico ( pron. pɐvi'ʎɐ̃ũ ɐ'tlɐ̃tiku Atlantic Pavilion in English) is an Arena in Lisbon, Portugal. Roller Hockey (Quad is highly popular and has many names worldwide that mean the same sport The Rink Hockey (Hardball Hockey Roller Hockey World Championship is a competition also referred to as the World Championship - A between the best male national teams in the The Rink Hockey European Championship is a Rink hockey competition with the national teams of European countries that happens every two years The most successful Portuguese rink hockey clubs in the history of European championships are F.C. Porto, S.L. Benfica, Sporting CP, and Óquei de Barcelos. Achievements Portuguese Rink Hockey Championship: 17 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1988/89 1989/90 Achievements Portuguese Rink Hockey Championship: 21 1950/51 1951/52 1955/56 1956/57 1959/60 1960/61 1965/66 Sporting Clube de Portugal ( pron 'spɔɾtĩg 'klub(ɨ dɨ puɾtu'gaɫ referred to coloquially as Sporting, Sporting CP or erroneously Sporting Óquei Clube de Barcelos is a Rink hockey team from Barcelos, Portugal.
The national rugby union team made a dramatic qualification into the 2007 Rugby World Cup and become the first all amateur team to qualify for the World Cup since the dawn of the professional era. The Portugal national rugby union team, nicknamed "Os Lobos" Portuguese for "the wolves" is a third tier Rugby union side representing Portugal The 2007 Rugby World Cup was the sixth Rugby World Cup, a quadrennial international Rugby union world championship inaugurated in 1987. The Portuguese national team of rugby sevens has performed well, becoming one of the strongest teams in Europe, and proved their status as European champions in several occasions.
Rui Silva, in men's athletics, has won several gold, silver and bronze medals in the European, World and Olympic Games competitions. Rui Silva (born August 3, 1977) is a Portuguese athlete who represents Sporting Clube de Portugal Francis Obikwelu in the 100 m and the 200 m, had silver in the 2004 Summer Olympics. Francis Obiorah Obikwelu, born 22 November, 1978 in Nigeria and a Portuguese citizen since 2001 is a former sprint athlete The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated Naide Gomes in pentathlon and long jump, is another Portuguese elite athlete, which led to a gold medal in the 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships' long jump competition. Enezaide do Rosário da Vera Cruz Gomes, OIH, (born November 20, 1979) is a Portuguese Heptathlete, born in São The pentathlon (as opposed to the Modern pentathlon) was an athletic event in the Olympic Games and other Panhellenic Games of Ancient The long jump is an Athletics (track and field event in which athletes combine speed strength and agility in an attempt to leap as far from the take-off point as possible The 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was held in Valencia, Spain in 2008, March 7-9 at the Luis Puig Palace. In the triathlon, Vanessa Fernandes, has won a large number of medals and major competitions across the world and in 2007 became the world champion both in Triathlon and Duathlon. A triathlon is an endurance sports event consisting of Swimming, cycling and Running over various distances Vanessa de Sousa Fernandes (vɐˈnɛsɐ fɨɾˈnɐ̃dɨʃ born September 14, 1985) is a Portuguese athlete from Perosinho, Vila Nova A triathlon is an endurance sports event consisting of Swimming, cycling and Running over various distances Duathlon is an athletic event (not to be confused with Biathlon) that consists of a Running leg followed by a Cycling leg and then another In judo, Telma Monteiro is European champion in the women's under-52 kg category. meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late Telma Monteiro (b 27 December, 1985) is a Portuguese Judoka from the city of Almada. Nelson Évora is world champion in triple jump. Nelson Évora (born April 20 1984 is a Portuguese athlete who specializes in the Triple jump and Long jump. The triple jump (sometimes referred to as the hop step and jump or the hop skip and jump) is a Track and field sport similar to
Cycling, with Volta a Portugal being the most important race, is also a popular sports event and include professional cycling teams such as S.L. Benfica, Boavista, Clube de Ciclismo de Tavira, and União Ciclista da Maia. Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles History The competition started in 1927 however it second edition only occurred in 1931 Sport Lisboa e Benfica ( Cycling team) is the Cycling team of the Multisports club Sport Lisboa e Benfica, from Lisbon, Portugal The Professional cycling team Carvalhelhos-Boavista is a Portuguese Team based in Porto. The Professional cycling team Duja/Tavira is a Portuguese Team based in Tavira. The Professional cycling team LA-MSS Maia is a Portuguese Team based in Maia Portugal. Noted Portuguese cyclists include, among others, names as Joaquim Agostinho, Marco Chagas, José Azevedo and Sérgio Paulinho (an olympic medalist in Athens). Joaquim Fernandes Agostinho, OIH ( April 7 1943 - May 10 1984) was a Portuguese professional Bicycle Marco Chagas (born November 19, 1956, in Pontevel) is a Portuguese former professional Racing cyclist. José Azevedo (born 19 September 1973 in Vila do Conde, Grande Porto) is a Portuguese professional Road racing cyclist Sérgio Miguel Moreira Paulinho (born March 26, 1980 in Oeiras) is a Portuguese Road bicycle racer for UCI ProTeam
The country has also achieved notable performances in sports like fencing, surfing, windsurf, kitesurf, kayaking, sailing and shooting, among others. Fencing is the art of armed Combat involving Cutting, Stabbing, or slapping bludgeoning Weapons directly manipulated by hand Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried along the face of a breaking wave, most commonly using a Surfboard, although wave-riders Windsurfing is a surface water sport using a windsurf board also commonly called a sailboard usually two to five meters long and powered by a single sail Kitesurfing, kiteboarding, uses wind power to pull a rider through the water on a small Surfboard or a kiteboard (which is like a Wakeboard) Kayaking is the use of a Kayak for moving across water Kayaking is generally differentiated from Canoeing by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force Shooting is the act or process of firing Rifles Shotguns or other projectile Weapons such as bows or Crossbows Even the firing of The paralympic athletes have also conquered many medals in sports like swimming, boccia and wrestling. The Paralympic Games are a multi-sport event for athletes with physical and sensorial disabilities Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance Boccia (ˡbɒtʃə) is a Sport for athletes with Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two people in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over or control of the opponent Portugal has its own original martial art, jogo do pau, in which the fighters use staffs to confront one or several opponents. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. Jogo do Pau ("stick fencing" or literally "stick (or staff game" is a Portuguese Martial art which developed in the northern regions of
International rankings
Political and economic rankings
- Political freedom ratings - Free; political rights and civil liberties both rated 1 (the highest score available)
- Press freedom - 8th freest, at 2. Freedom in the World is a yearly report by US-based Freedom House that attempts to measure the degree of Democracy and political freedom 00
- GDP per capita - 34th highest, at I$22,677
- Human Development Index - 29th highest, at 0. This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Geary-Khamis dollar, also known as the international dollar, is a hypothetical unit of Currency that has the same Purchasing power that the U This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 897
- Income Equality - 59th most equal, at 38. This is a list of countries or dependencies by Income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients according to the United Nations (UN and the 5 (Gini Index)
- Unemployment rate - 98th lowest, at 8. The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth This is a list of countries by unemployment rate. Unless indicated otherwise information is based on The World Factbook. 00%
- Corruption - 28th least corrupt, at 6. Since 1995, Transparency International has published an annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI ordering the countries of the world according to "the degree 5 on index
- Economic Freedom - 30th freest, at 2. The Index of Economic Freedom is a series of 10 economic measurements created by the Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation to measure the degree of Economic freedom 29 on index
Health rankings
- Fertility rate- 188th most fertile, at 1. This page consists of two tables Table 1 is sourced from the CIA World Factbook''' 48 per woman
- Birth rate - 167th most births, at 10. This is a list of countries by crude Birth rate, based on the United Nations Population Division's quinquennial estimates and projections 50 per 1000 people
- Death rate - 52nd highest death rate, at 10. This is a list of countries by crude Death rate, based on the United Nations Population Division's quinquennial estimates and projections 60 per 1000 people
- Life Expectancy - 49th highest, at 77. __FORCETOC__This is a list of countries by Life expectancy at birth the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year if mortality at each age remains 87 years
- Suicide Rate - 42nd highest suicide rate, at 18. The following is a List of suicide rates by country according to data from the World Health Organization in which a country's rank is determined by its total rate of Suicides 9 for males and 4. 9 for females
- HIV/AIDS rate - 73rd most cases, at 0. This is a list of countries and territories by people living with HIV / AIDS and the prevalence rate among adults, based on data from various sources such as the 40%
Other rankings
- Global Peace Index - 7th highest (2008), out of 121 countries
- CO2 emissions - 68th highest emissions, at 5. The Global Peace Index is an attempt to measure the relative position of nations’ and regions’ peacefulness This is a list of countries by Carbon dioxide emissions Per capita from 1990 through 2004 63 tonnes per capita
- Electricity Consumption - 44th highest consumption of electricity, at 44,010,000,000 kWh
- Broadband uptake - 21st highest uptake in OECD, at 11. This list of countries by Electricity consumption is mostly based on The World Factbook. For more information about the development of Internet connections in individual countries click on the links below 5%
- Beer consumption - 22nd highest, at 59. This is a list of countries ordered by annual Per capita consumption of Beer. 6 litres per capita
Facts and figures
- Official date format: YYYY/MM/DD (ex. A date in a calendar is a reference to a particular day represented within a Calendar system 2006/09/08)
- Common date format: DD/MM/YYYY (ex. A date in a calendar is a reference to a particular day represented within a Calendar system 06/09/2006), dates are written out as DD de MM de YYYY (ex. 18 de Agosto de 2005)
- Decimal separator is a comma: 123,45
- Thousands are officially separated by a space — 10 000 — although the point is widely used — 10. The decimal ( base ten or occasionally denary) Numeral system has ten as its base. 000
- The euro sign is commonly placed either before or after the amount, with the separator either a comma or a point: 10,95 € - € 10,95 - € 10. Several linguistic issues have arisen in relation to the spelling of the words Euro and cent in the many languages of the member states 95 - 10. 95 €
See also
Notes
References
- ^ The Euromosaic study, Mirandese in Portugal, europa. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a eu - European Commission website, accessed January 2007. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union.
- ^ (Portuguese) Portal do Governo
- ^ Appendix B - International Organizations and Groups: developed countries (DCs), CIA - The World Factbook - Appendix B, The World Factbook
- ^ Quality-of-life Survey, The Economist
- ^ Milhazes, José. The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London Os antepassados caucasianos dos portugueses - Rádio e Televisão de Portugal in Portuguese. Rádio e Televisão de Portugal SA, commonly known as RTP and Rádio e Televisão de Portugal ( Portuguese for "Radio and Television of Portugal" Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal.
- ^ The standard view of historians is that Cabral was blown off course as he was navigating the currents of the South Atlantic, sighted the coast of South America, thereby accidentally discovering Brazil. For an account of an alternative view of the discovery of Brazil, however, see Alternative theory of the European discovery of Brazil
- ^ Map proves Portuguese discovered Australia: new book, in Reuters (Wed Mar 21, 2007) - (see Theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia)
- ^ Grande Enciclopédia Universal, p. The received view of historians is that the Portuguese Explorer and Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral was the first European to discover Brazil This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Although most historians hold that the European discovery of Australia began in 1606 with the voyage of the Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon on board the 10543, "Portugal", para. 4
- ^ http://www.investinportugal.pt/MCMSAPI/HomePage/NewsRoom/PORTUGAL+IMPROVES+ITS+POSITION+IN+THE+WEF+COMPETITIVENESS+RANKING.htm Investinportugal. pt Retrieved on 05-16-07
- ^ http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf
- ^ Portugal - Emigration
- ^ Charis Dunn-Chan ,Portugal sees integration progress, BBC
- ^ Portugal está mais secularizado do que a Espanha. Diário Ateísta (18 January 2007). Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
- ^ Poesia e Prosa Medievais, p. 9, para. 4
- ^ Portugese-Top50 stats
Sources
- Ribeiro, Ângelo & Saraiva, José Hermano História de Portugal I - A Formação do Território QuidNovi, 2004 (ISBN 989-554-106-6)
- Ribeiro, Ângelo & Saraiva, José Hermano História de Portugal II - A Afirmação do País QuidNovi, 2004 (ISBN 989-554-107-4)
- de Macedo, Newton & Saraiva, José Hermano História de Portugal III - A Epopeia dos Descobrimentos QuidNovi, 2004 (ISBN 989-554-108-2)
- de Macedo, Newton & Saraiva, José Hermano História de Portugal IV - Glória e Declínio do Império QuidNovi, 2004 (ISBN 989-554-109-0)
- Ribeiro, Ângelo & Saraiva, José Hermano História de Portugal V - A Restauração da Indepêndencia QuidNovi, 2004 (ISBN 989-554-110-4)
- Saraiva, José Hermano História de Portugal X - A Terceira República QuidNovi, 2004 (ISBN 989-554-115-5)
- Loução, Paulo Alexandre: Portugal, Terra de Mistérios Ésquilo, 2000 (third edition; ISBN 972-8605-04-8)
- Muñoz, Mauricio Pasto: Viriato, A Luta pela Liberdade Ésquilo, 2003 (third edition; ISBN 972-8605-23-4)
- Grande Enciclopédia Universal Durclub, 2004
- Constituição da República Portuguesa, VI Revisão Constitucional, 2004
- Programa do Movimento das Forças Armadas, 1974 [1]
External links
- (English)/(Portuguese) Official Portuguese Government website
- (English) Official Parliament website
- (English) Official Travel and Tourism office website
- (English) Wikitravel guide to Portugal
Wikimedia Atlas of Portugal- (English) Portugal in Photography 2007
- (English) Portugal entry at The World Factbook
Dictionary
Portugal
-proper noun
- A country in Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. Member state of the European Union. Official name: Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa).
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