The production and distribution of pornographic movies are economic activities of some importance. Distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of Marketing mix. Pornographic films are Motion pictures with the purpose of promoting sexual arousal in the viewer often featuring depictions of sexual activity The exact size of the economy of pornography and the influence that it plays in political circles are matter of controversy.

Contents 1 North America 2 Japan 3 India 4 Latin America 5 Europe 6 Soviet Union 7 East Asia 8 Middle East 9 See also 10 References

North America

Main article: Pornography in the United States

In the United States, distribution of pornography changed radically after the 1980s, with videotape and cable television largely displacing X-rated theaters. Pornography in the United States is a legal term at the federal level except the generic terms " Hardcore pornography " and " child pornography The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. Video distribution in turn is in the process of being replaced by DVD (and Internet distribution for niche markets). DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks A niche market is a focused targetable portion (subset of a market Distribution of pornography is a large industry that involves major entertainment companies such as Time Warner (which profits from pornography through its cable channels, and in-room movies provided by hotel chains). Time Warner Inc ( is the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered in New York City.

The porn industry in Canada is mainly situated in Montreal, Quebec, the third largest porn producing city in the world after Los Angeles and Amsterdam. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Canada has previously seen a major court case where pornographic writings involving children were deemed to be legal. Certain communities such as Medicine Hat, Alberta have seen divisive battles where restrictions have been placed on the sale of pornography. Medicine Hat, known to locals as "The Hat" is a city of 60000 people located in the southeastern part of the province of In Medicine Hat, Jim Ogston led an unsuccessful battle against the new restrictions for businesses to have the right to sell pornography. Jim Ogston is a Canadian Politician from Medicine Hat Alberta.

Pornography generates billions of dollars in sales in the United States alone, and economists have suggested that it has now reached the point where the outlawing of the industry, which has been tried on many occasions, could have a major negative economic impact upon the country, and a prohibition-style legislated ban might spark a rise in organized crime much similar to that of the prohibition ban on alcohol did. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. An estimated 211 new pornographic films are made every week in the United States. ^[1]

Japan

Main article: Pornography in Japan

The 1960s, in Japanese pornography, was the era of the independent Pink film. Japanese pornography has some unique features which separate it from Pornography in other cultures especially Western Pornography. is a style of Japanese softcore pornographic theatrical film Films of this genre first appeared in the early 1960s and dominated the Japanese domestic cinema from the mid-1960s In the years since the end of World War II, eroticism had been gradually making its way into Japanese cinema. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The first kiss to be seen in Japanese film-- discreetly half-hidden by an umbrella-- caused a national sensation in 1946. The year 1946 in film involved some significant events Events Top grossing films (U ^[2] Nevertheless, until the early 1960s, graphic depictions of nudity and sex in Japanese film could only be seen in single-reel "stag films," made illegally by underground film producers such as those depicted in Imamura's film The Pornographers (1966). was a Japanese Film director. Imamura was the first Japanese director to win two Palme d'Or awards and is regarded as one of the most important and idiosyncratic filmmakers The Pornographers is a 1966 Japanese film directed by Shohei Imamura and based on a novel of the same name by Akiyuki Nosaka. The year 1966 in film involved some significant events Events Walt Disney, well known for his creation of Mickey Mouse died on ^[3] Nudity and sex would officially enter the Japanese cinema with the independent, low-budget softcore pornographic films which would come to dominate domestically-produced films in the 1960s and 1970s. ^[4] These films were called eroductions during the early 1960s, but are now more commonly referred to as pink films. ^[5] The first true pink film, and the first Japanese movie with nude scenes, was Satoru Kobayashi's controversial and popular independent production, Flesh Market (Nikutai no Ichiba, 1962), starring Tamaki Katori. was a Japanese Film director most famous for directing the first Pink film, the type of Softcore Pornographic films that became The year 1962 in film involved some significant events Events Dr (b 1938 is a Japanese erotic actress who appeared in The Flesh Market ( Nikutai no Ichiba) (1962 which is considered the first Pink film made in Japan ^[6] Katori would go on to star in over 600 pink films throughout the 1960s, earning the nickname the "Pink Princess". ^[7] In 1964 Tetsuji Takechi made the first big-budget, mainstream pink film, Daydream. The year 1964 in film involved some significant events Events January 29 - The film Dr was a Japanese theatrical and film director critic and author is a 1964 Japanese Pink film. The first of these Softcore Pornographic films to have a big budget and a mainstream release in Takechi would remake Daydream as Japan's first theatrical hardcore film in 1981, starring Kyoko Aizome. Events January 19 - Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer acquires beleaguered concurrent United Artists. is a Japanese erotic actress, singer AV director and writer who has been called "the first hard-core porn actress in Japan

Future "Nikkatsu Queens" Kazuko Shirakawa and Naomi Tani both made their debuts in 1967. (born September 20, 1947) is a Japanese actress who is best known for her appearances in Nikkatsu 's Roman Porno films during the 1970s is a Japanese actress who is best known for her appearances in Nikkatsu 's Roman Porno films with an S&M theme during the 1970s Both actresses would appear in many pink films in the 1960s before beginning their work with Nikkatsu in the 1970s, for which they best known today. is Japanese entertainment company well known for its Film and Television productions ^[8] By the end of the 1960s, Naomi Tani was already known as the "Queen of Pink. "^[9]

The 1970s was the era of big-studio softcore pornography in Japan. Facing bankruptcy, Japan's major studios took over the pink film market. In 1971 Toei entered the sexploitation market with its "Pinky Violence" series,^[10] and Nikkatsu, Japan's oldest major film studio, started its Roman Porno line of pink films. () is a Japanese film and Television production and distribution Corporation. As the popular star of Toei's sukeban (delinquent girl boss) series,^[11] Reiko Ike became one of the "icons of Pinky Violence. means delinquent girl or boss girl in Japanese The common signifiers of sukeban (described by the Japanese police in 1980s pamphlets as "omens of downfall" is a Japanese actress singer and entertainer She is best known for her roles in the Genre of action/erotic movies known as Pink films ' "^[12] With its high production values, professional acting talent and talented directors like Tatsumi Kumashiro, Noboru Tanaka, Masaru Konuma and Koyu Ohara, Nikkatsu produced nothing but these often critically-acclaimed and award-winning softcore pornographic films for the next 17 years. was a Japanese film director best known known for his critically acclaimed award-winning Roman Porno films such as Ichijo Sayuri Wet Desire ( Ichijo Sayuri was a Japanese film director best known known for his Roman Porno films including three critically-respected films known as the Showa trilogy: A Woman is a Japanese director most famous for his Roman Porno films for Nikkatsu during the 1970s Koyu Ohara (小原宏裕 - Ohara Koyu) is a Japanese film director best known known for his popular Roman Porno films Fairy In A Cage ^[13] This introduction of pornography into mainstream Japanese movie theaters has been credited with saving Nikkatsu from collapse at that time. ^[14] Nikkatsu created a "Queen" ranking for its leading Roman Porno actresses. Kazuko Shirakawa, Junko Miyashita, and Naomi Tani were the leading Nikkatsu queens of the 1970s. is a Japanese actress Known as one of the three " Nikkatsu Queens" of Roman Porno during the 1970s she has had a long and varied career is a Japanese actress who is best known for her appearances in Nikkatsu 's Roman Porno films with an S&M theme during the 1970s ^[15]

The 1980s were a period of transition in adult entertainment in Japan. With the widespread private ownership of VCRs, theatrical pornographic films had a new competitor for adult audiences in the form of the Adult Video (AV). By 1982 the AVs had already attained an approximately equal share of the adult entertainment market with theatrical erotic films. ^[16] Early AV performers were often struggling actresses who could not find work in the theatrical Roman Porno films and girls from the soaplands. A is a a type of Brothel in Japan where male clients can engage in sexual activity with female Prostitutes although officially the clubs do business as ^[17] By the late 1980s, prominent AV actresses like Hitomi Kobayashi and Kaoru Kuroki were becoming multi-media stars, and creating a mainstream image for AVs and pornographic actresses. is an important early Japanese AV idol. One of the founding figures of the Japanese adult video, she has been called indispensable to any discussion of the AV is one of Japan 's best-known AV or Adult video performers and a multi-media personality whose role as a media counselor expressing outspoken views on sex and society have ^[18] Though traditionally not partial to large breasts, in the mid-1980s busty models suddenly become popular in Japan. ^[19] In 1989, the "Big Bust Boom" (巨乳ブーム - "Kyonyu Buumu") was set "on fire" with the AV debut of Kimiko Matsuzaka,^[20] leading to a "Big Bust" genre in Japanese adult entertainment. is a Japanese AV idol who was prominent during the late-1980s and early-1990s noted for her large Breasts.

India

Main article: Pornography in India

Pornography in India is illegal and attracts several penal provisions. Pornography in India is illegal and attracts several penal provisions India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country However, enforcement is extremely lax and pornographic materials are easily available. The law also states that only the distribution of pornography is illegal, while its creation and accessing is not. Therefore, it is legal to access a pornographic site hosted on non-Indian servers. Pornographic films in India are referred to as Blue Films and are available virtually anywhere; especially in areas where pirated material is already being sold. A blue film is a film associated with the amateur underground pornography industry in India.

Latin America

In Latin America, the pornography industry production is somewhat limited. Pornography or porn is the explicit depiction of Sexual subject matter with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer Yet pornography is abundant, especially pirate DVDs from the USA and Europe, which are present in the streets of most capitals in Latin America. Brazil is perhaps the only country that openly produces porn movies, but with mandatory use of condoms. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld In addition, in the last 10-15 years numerous American and European actors such as Rocco Siffredi, Nacho Vidal and John Stagliano among others have visited Brazil to produce movies there. Rocco Siffredi (born May 4, 1964) is the Stage name of an Italian Pornographic actor, director and producer Nacho Vidal (born Ignacio Jordà González, December 30, 1973, in Mataró, Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish "Buttman" redirects here For the German philologist and ambassador to the Vatican see Buttmann. Brazil is also a well known market for gay and transsexual pornography. In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. Transsexualism is a condition in which a person identifies with a physical Sex different from the one with which they were born Allegedly, African American actor Darren James contracted H.I.V. after shooting a scene in Brazil with actress Bianca Biaggi who had unprotected sex with a transsexual performer in an American film. Darren James (born February 25, 1964 in Detroit, Michigan) is an African-American ex- Pornographic actor who sent Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Bianca Biaggi is a Brazilian Pornographic actress, now retired from the porn industry who was suspected to have infected Darren James with HIV Transsexualism is a condition in which a person identifies with a physical Sex different from the one with which they were born Most American productions are shot without condoms. While Brazil continues to be one of the preferred places to shoot transsexual porn, Argentina is emerging as another source, with several titles already produced by major American companies (like Anabolic). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Anabolism is the set of Metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units Argentina is also widely used to shoot pornographic clips straight for the Internet, as well as photoshoots. These include transsexual and heterosexual pornography, and performers usually use condoms. Heterosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the opposite sex or to a heterosexual orientation

Other countries commonly visited by American companies involve Colombia and Mexico. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Several other movies were produced by the European company Private in Costa Rica in the 1990’s. Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in The American companies Anabolic and Diabolic produced several Latin based series such as Panochitas which included trips to places such as the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, and even Chile. Anabolism is the set of Metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units Diabolic is an American Death metal band from Tampa Florida, founded in 1998 by drummer Aantar Lee Coates and guitarist Brian Malone The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the

Europe

Main article: European pornography

European hardcore pornography is dominated by a few pan-European producers and distributors, the most notable of which is the Private Media Group. Pornography in Europe has been dominated by a few pan-European producers and distributors the most notable of which is the Private Media Group that had successfully claimed Private Media Group Inc is a Pornography production and distribution company that distributes its content via print publications DVDs the internet and mobile handsets Most European countries also have local pornography producers, from Portugal (e. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. g. Naturalvideo) to Romania (e. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania g. Floyd-Agency), with varying potentials of competition with international producers.

Women in European pornography typically have a so-called "more natural" look than in American pornography, with less emphasis on breast implants. A breast implant is a Prosthesis used to enlarge the size of a woman's Breasts (known as breast augmentation, breast enlargement, mammoplasty The once popular style of Euro-chic pornography represented by directors Lasse Braun, Joe d'Amato, and Michel Gentil has lost ground and the Pierre Woodman style of video porn now attracts a larger audience. Lasse Braun (born in Algiers, Algeria) as Alberto Ferro is an Italian director labelled as the Legendary King of Modern Pornography, who produced Joe D'Amato, (birth name Aristide Massaccesi) ( December 15, 1936 in Rome - January 23, 1999 in Rome) Jean Michel Rollin Le Gentil (born November 3, 1938 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France) is a Pierre Woodman (born April 29 1963 in Auvergne, France) is a Pornographic film director and photographer A few directors like Luca Damiano, Mario Salieri, and Alain Payet continue with the "older" cinematographic and dramatic styles that often distinguish European pornography from those of other cultures. Luca Damiano (born Franco lo Cascio on 29 August 1946 in Rome) is an Italian Film director who began his career as an assistant Mario Salieri, born Mario Altieri, ( November 29 1957 in Naples -) is an Italian Alain Payet ( January 17, 1947 &ndash December 13, 2007) was a French director of Nazi exploitation and chic porn

Throughout Europe, ostensibly private "stolen" videos featuring celebrities (mostly TV and music stars) having sex are very popular on the Internet and in the black market. A celebrity sex tape is a home video of Sex acts, as performed by a Celebrity and his or her partner which finds Internet and/or bootleg It is debatable whether these videos were truly released without their participants' permission, or whether they constitute a type of publicity stunt planned by stars themselves. A publicity stunt is an event designed to attract the public 's attention to the promoters or their causes In recent years, starting with the Severina Vučković "incident" in 2004, the Croatian public has seen a great number of these videos being released, causing a phenomenon of imitation by teenagers. Severina Vučković (born April 21, 1972 in Split, Croatia, then part of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) is a Croatian "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between A phenomenon (from Greek φαινόμενoν, pl φαινόμενα - phenomena) is any observable occurrence

Many U. S. -centric pornography websites distribute or focus on content shot in Europe or featuring actresses from European (particularly Eastern European) countries. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. These actresses (often advertised as "Eurobabes"^[21]) may conform more to a look usually identified with U. S. actresses than European ones, although they may still be considered to look "more natural".

Soviet Union

Main article: Pornography in the Soviet Union

East Asia

The three main producers of pornography in Asia are Japan, Hong Kong, and Thailand. Pornography in the Soviet Union was largely suppressed until the final years of the USSR For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Japan has a large pornography industry (see Pornography in Japan) which features more natural looking women usually wearing little makeup servicing multiple men who tend to be anonymous. Japanese pornography has some unique features which separate it from Pornography in other cultures especially Western Pornography. Women in some Asian pornography often act as if the sexual act were painful. In Japan, fetish pornography has a great variety, ranging from well-known bukkake to tamakeri. Sexual fetishism, or erotic fetishism, is the Sexual attraction to materials and objects not conventionally viewed as being sexual in nature Bukkake (Japanese ブッカケ (1 IPA /bu̜ˈkke̞/ 2 IPA /bʊˈkæke/ is a sexual practice that features a person being ejaculated on by multiple men Tamakeri (玉蹴り(lit ball kicking) is a Sexual fetish and subgenre of Pornography in Japan. Hong Kong and Thailand produces much print pornography but less video. The men in Thai pornography tend to be younger than in Japanese or American pornography.

In 2004 and 2005, Malaysia was shocked with a few exposures of budding wannabe pornographers - couples having sex for the camera. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and While a few show the performers willingly doing it for the camera, others seem to have been captured secretly (voyeurism). Voyeurism is the sexual interest in spying on people engaged in intimate behaviors such as undressing sexual activity or urinating VCD copies of these are widely sold on the blackmarket.

Middle East

Turkey, with its deeply rooted secular attitudes towards Islam, is an exception for pornography production in the Islamic World. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The region comprising modern Turkey has a long and rich Islamic tradition stretching back to the dawn of the Seljuk period and Ottoman Empire. The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings After a long period of producing Italian-inspired softcore comedies in 1970s, the first hardcore film Öyle Bir Kadın Ki was legally distributed in 1979, followed by many more until the 1980 coup d'état, which strictly prohibited graphic sex in cinema. Öyle Bir Kadın Ki ( She is Such a Woman) ( 1979) is the first Turkish film which included hardcore scenes to be legally produced Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) In the late 1990s, Turkish pornography lived a relatively humble revival, producing cheap material of much lower quality. Contemporary producers of Turkish porn (e. g. Trimax) are centred in Germany, although they still recruit their performers from Turkey, Sibel Kekilli and Şahin K being the most famous. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Sibel Kekilli (born June 16, 1980 in Heilbronn, Germany) is an award-winning actress and a former Pornstar of Turkish origin Şahin K (aka Şahin Yılmaz aka Ali Yorulmaz né Şevket Şahin) ( 1968 in Aksaray, Turkey -) is a Turkish Sibel Kekilli's life inspired the Golden Bear winning film Head-On. Head-On ( German: Gegen die Wand ( Against the Wall) Turkish:

In Azerbaijan in accordance with article 3 of the Media Act of December 7, 1999, the "pornographic materials" are defined as works of art, photographic reproductions of paintings, information and other materials the main content of which is the crude and undignified depiction of the anatomical and physiological aspects of sexual relations. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Pornography in Azerbaijan is easily and cheaply obtainable in Baku, although not in most other places. Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan Pornographic images, either printed or recorded may cause problems when crossing the border. Taking the soft-core materials should have no problems, but Azeri borders guards can require a few extra euros. ^[22] Meanwhile the legal activity to combat child pornography is governed by 1998 Rights of the Child Act, 1999 Media Act, the Plan of Measures to Solve the Problem of Homeless and Street Children and the National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons. Child pornography refers to material depicting Children being in a state of undress engaged in erotic poses or sexual activity ^[23]

In Israel, pornographic films began to be produced in the 1990s, However most of the films were shot in the 2000s . For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Israeli pornography may be considered nascent but has gone a long way since its beginnings. Today, the biggest pornography company is SexStyle that produces films for the Israeli public. In 2003, the first pornographic film featuring Arab performers, produced by this company, caused a public uproar among Israeli Arab community. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Arab citizens of Israel refers to Arabs or Arabic -speaking people who are Citizens of Israel who are not Jewish. ^[24]

See also

• List of pornography laws by country

References

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