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        Skłodowska-Curie • Pope John Paul II • Chopin • Copernicus Wałęsa • Kościuszko • Wajda • Piłsudski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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60 million (est. Pope Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko (; 1746 &ndash 1817 was a Polish and American national hero and general Andrzej Wajda (born 6 March 1926 in Suwałki) is an award-winning Polish Film director. )[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Predominantly Roman Catholic, with Eastern Orthodox, Jewish, Muslim, and Protestant Polish minorities |
The Polish people, or Poles, (Polish: Polacy) are a Western Slavic ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a Millennium. The first noticeable presence of Islam in Poland began in the 14th century Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. The West Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking West Slavic languages. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Poles are sometimes defined as people who share a common Polish culture and are of Polish descent. Their religion is predominantly Roman Catholic. The Poles can also be referred to as the inhabitants of the Republic of Poland and Polish emigrants irrespective of their ethnicity. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland A wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Western and Eastern Europe, the Americas and Australia. Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance and other languages refers in modern Polish to the Polish Diaspora
There is no commonly accepted definition of the Polish people. According to the preamble of the Constitution of Poland, the Polish Nation consists of all citizens of Poland. A preamble is an introductory statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 is Poland 's current Constitution. However, like in most European countries, many people limit the group to native speakers of the Polish language, people that share certain views or traditions, or people who share a common ethnic background originating from Poland. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. As to its origins, the name of the nation comes from a western Slavic ethnic group of Polans primarily associated with Poland and the Polish language. The West Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking West Slavic languages. The Polans (also known as Polanes, Polanians or Polians; Polanie were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting the Warta river basin Poles belong to the Lechitic subgroup of these ethnic people. The Polans of Giecz, Gniezno, and Poznań were one of the most influential tribes of Greater Poland and managed to unite many other West Slavic tribes in the area under the rule of what became the Piast dynasty, thus giving birth to a new state. The Polans (also known as Polanes, Polanians or Polians; Polanie were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting the Warta river basin Giecz is now a small village in west-central Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, near Dominowo and Środa. Gniezno (Gnesen is a Town in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 73000 people Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Greater Poland or Great Poland, Polish Wielkopolska (Großpolen Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko The Polish word for a Polish person is Polak (male) and Polka (female), however, when this common noun is used verbatim in the English language (usually spelled as Polack) it is always offensive. The noun Polack (pō'lāk' used in the English language is a Derogatory reference to a person of Polish descent and an Onomatopoeia imitating the sound
Contents |
Statistics
Poles or Polish are the sixth largest national group in Europe. [25] Estimates vary depending on source, though available data suggests a total number around 60 million people worldwide (with approx. 21 million living outside of Poland). [1] There are almost 39 million Poles in Poland alone. There are also autochthonous Polish minorities in the surrounding countries including Germany, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Belarus. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east There are some smaller minorities in nearby countries such as Moldova and Latvia. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. There is also a Polish minority in Russia which included autochthonous Poles as well as those forcibly deported during and after WWII; the total number of Poles in what was the former Soviet Union is estimated at up to 3 million. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 [26]
The term "Polonia" is usually used in Poland to refer to people of Polish origin who live outside Polish borders, officially estimated at around 10-12 to 20 million. Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance and other languages refers in modern Polish to the Polish Diaspora There is a notable Polish diaspora in the United States (Polish-American), Canada, (Polish Canadians) and Brazil (see Polish Brazilian). The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent There are an estimated 10 million Americans of Polish descent Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Polish Canadians are Canadians of Polish ancestry According to the 2001 census by Statistics Canada, 817085 Canadians claim full or partial Polish ancestry |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld A Polish Brazilian is a Brazilian born person of Polish descent or a Polish -born person with Brazilian citizenship France has a special relationship with Poland and has a relatively large Polish-descendant population, though Poles lived in France since the late 1700s. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In the early 20th century, over a million Polish people came to France, mostly hired contract labourers during WWI and Polish émigrés fleeing either Nazi occupation and later Soviet rule.
In the United States a significant number of Polish immigrants settled in Chicago, Detroit, New York City, Orlando, and Buffalo. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The City of New York Orlando is a major City in central Florida, USA and is the County seat of Orange County Florida. Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. The majority of Polish Canadians arrived to Canada since WWII, the number of Polish immigrants peaked after 1945 to 1970 but on the rise again since the fall of Communism in 1989. In recent years, since joining the European Union, many Polish people have emigrated to countries such as Ireland; where an estimated 200,000 Polish people have entered the labour market. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world It is estimated that three quarters of a million Polish people have immigrated to the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Polish tribes
The following is the list of Polish tribes - tribes which constituted the lands of Poland in the early Middle Ages, at the beginning of the Polish state. Polish tribes are the Tribes of West Slavs that lived in the territories that became Polish from around the mid- 7th century to creation The Early Middle Ages is a period in the History of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500 Some of them have remained a separate ethnicity while others have been assimilated into the culture of Poland.
European Union
- (for ethnic Poles living abroad see Polonia, for those living and working in the United Kingdom see Polish British)
A survey carried out by the CBOS public opinion institute, between March 30 and April 2, 2007, found that 86% of Poles felt that EU membership had had a positive effect, with only 5% of the respondents speaking against it, down from 22 percent in 2004. The Mazurs or Masurs (Mazurzy are a sub- Ethnic group in the Masovian and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeships in Poland. The Polans (also known as Polanes, Polanians or Polians; Polanie were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting the Warta river basin Silesians ( Silesian: Ślůnzoki; Ślązacy Slezané Schlesier are the inhabitants of Silesia in Poland, Germany and the The Warmiak are a Polish ethnic group from Warmia who are mostly Roman Catholics and who speak their own dialect of Polish, called gwara The Pomeranians (Pomeranen Pòmòrzónie Pomorzanie were a group of West Slavic Tribes who lived along the shore of the Baltic Sea between Oder Kashubians/Kashubs/Kaszubians (Kaszëbi Kaszubi also called Kassubians or Cassubians, are a West Slavic Ethnic group of north-central Slovincian is an extinct dialect of the Pomeranian language, spoken between the lakes Gardno (Gardersee and Łebsko (Lebasee in Pomerania The Kociewiacy are a Polish ethnic group They live in Pomerania south of Gdansk. The Borowiacy (or Borowiacy Tucholscy) are a Polish Ethnic group who traditionally inhabit the area of the Tuchola Forest near Tuchola The Goplans or Goplanie are a Hypothetical pre- Polish Tribe said to have lived around Lake Gopło with its capital in Kruszwica The Lendians (Lędzianie were a Lechitic tribe recorded to have inhabited the ill-defined area in East Lesser Poland and Red Ruthenia between the Ślężanie was a Tribe of West Slavs, specifically of the Lechitic / Silesian groups inhabiting territories of Lower Silesia, near Vistulans (Wiślanie were a Lechitic tribe inhabiting since at least the 7th century, lands known today as Lesser Poland. Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance and other languages refers in modern Polish to the Polish Diaspora The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Polish British People or Polish Britons are people of Polish origin who were born in or emigrated to the United Kingdom over the course of history or descendants of such Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej (CBOS (Centre for Public Opinion Research is an Opinion polling institute in Poland, based in Warsaw. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The institute also found that 55% of those surveyed prefer the EU to remain a union of sovereign states, while 22% supported the idea of a "United States of Europe". A federal Europe is a proposal that much of Europe be unified in the manner of a Federation. [27] Principal areas of Polish life that have been improved by EU membership, are agriculture (according to 75% of those surveyed), the environment (61%), productivity (57%) and unemployment (56%). [28]
Among the ten new EU members, of which eight are Central or Eastern European, Poles are the most mobile, with considerable numbers of Polish migrants found in almost all ‘old’ EU countries, filling numerous vacancies on the European labour market, especially in areas where indigenous workforce is insufficient. According to Franck Duvell of Oxford, some countries, like Germany and Austria, missed on that opportunity by discriminating against mobile Europeans, granting them freedom of movement without freedom of employment, which resulted in the increase of numbers of illegal migrant workers there. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, “In fact, the EU accession process, and namely the Polish experience could possibly serve as a paradigm for easing some of Europe’s migration dilemma,” Duvell suggested. [29]
Notes
- ^ a b c Świat Polonii, witryna Stowarzyszenia Wspólnota Polska: „Polacy za granicą” (Polish people abroad as per summary by Świat Polonii, internet portal of the Polish Association Wspólnota Polska)
- ^ Excel spreadsheet from Polish Central Statistical Office
- ^ Poles in US The American Community Survey 2004PDF (468 KiB) by the US Census Bureau estimates 9,385,233 people claiming Polish ancestry. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International
- ^ O número de integrantes das principais comunidades no Brasil que têm origem em países candidatos à União Européia
- ^ (German) Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2005 Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (German text about migrants in Germany) 886 KiBPDF. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International
- ^ List of Canadians by ethnicity
- ^ (English) Poles in the UK, Polish Express, source: government statistics. This is a list of Canadian residents ( Citizens, Landed immigrants and non-citizen temporary residents by the ethnic origin(s they chose to list on their
^ (Polish) According to Tomasz Ziemba from Polish Express online 1,020,000 Polish visitors in the UK logged into Polish chatroom Gadu–Gadu in January: Policzyło nas Gadu–Gadu
^ (Polish) Tomasz Wybranowski, Korespondencja, Tygodnik Przegląd, 22. 08. 2007, onet. pl
^ (English) Steve Doughty, Daily Mail, Office for National Statistics recorded the number of Poles who have travelled to the UK in 2006 at over 2,000,000. The number of those who stay exceeds 250,000. - ^ Poles in Belarus
- ^ Poles in Argentina
- ^ Poles in Lithuania
- ^ Poles in Russia
- ^ Poles in AustraliaPDF (56. 3 KiB)
- ^ Poles in Ukraine
- ^ Aftenposten.no: - 120.000 polakker i Norge (Innenriks)
- ^ Poles in Ireland
- ^ CIA World Factbook
- ^ http://wtd.vlada.cz/files/rvk/rnm/zprava_mensiny_2001_en.pdfPDF (1. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International 41 MiB)
- ^ Poles in Mexico
- ^ [1]PDF (87. A mebibyte (a contraction of me ga bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, abbreviated MiB. 2 KiB)
- ^ Poles in NetherlandsPDF (162 KiB)
- ^ Poles in AustriaPDF
- ^ www.hagstofa.is
- ^ www.polonezkoy.com
- ^ Poles around the World (>polonia > statystyka)
- ^ NationMaster. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International com 2003-2008. People Statistics: Population (most recent) by country Accessed 2008-01-25
- ^ Gil Loescher, Beyond Charity: International Cooperation and the Global Refugee Crisis, published by Oxford University Press US, 1993, 1996. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the ISBN 0195102940. Accessed 12-12-2007.
- ^ EU Business, 21 June 2007, Poles more pro-EU than ever: survey Accessed 12-06-2007.
- ^ EU Business, 02 May 2007, Three years after entering the EU, 86% of Poles are satisfied
- ^ Franck Duvell, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, Oxford, Poles in Europe - From Illegal Immigrants to Members of the European UnionPDF (22. 3 KiB), accessed 12-06-2007. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International
See also
External links
- History of Polish war veterans being admitted to Canada after World War II
- Federation of Poles in Great Britain
- Firmy i Organizacje Polonijne (Polonia Directory: Firms, Companies and Organizations)
- Polish Heritage Trust of New Zealand
- Polacy w Wielkiej Brytanii, Polish Community in the UK
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