| Piła | |||
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  Piła | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Poland | ||
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland | ||
| County | Piła County | ||
| Gmina | Piła (urban gmina) | ||
| Established | 14th century | ||
| Town rights | before 1449 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Zbigniew Kosmatka | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 102. The flag of Piła features four equal horizontal stripes white red green and white The Coat of Arms of the Polish city of Piła features a red (sometimes brown Deer jumping towards the left ( heraldic right Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Greater Poland Voivodeship (also known as Wielkopolska Province or by its Polish name of województwo wielkopolskie or simply Wielkopolskie) is a A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Piła County (powiat pilski is a unit of territorial administration and local government ( Powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. The gmina or Municipality (frequently translated commune) plural gminy, is the principal unit (lowest level of territorial division in Poland Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 68 km² (39. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 6 sq mi) | ||
| Highest elevation | 134 m (440 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 50 m (164 ft) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - Total | 75,044 | ||
| - Density | 730. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km² (1,892. 9/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 64-900, 64-920, 64-931, 64-933 to 64-935, 64-970 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 067 | ||
| Car plates | PP | ||
| Website: http://www.pila.pl | |||
Piła [ˈpiwa] (German: Schneidemühl) is a town in northwestern Poland. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland It had 77,000 inhabitants as of 2001. It is situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously capital of Piła Voivodeship (1975-1998). Greater Poland Voivodeship (also known as Wielkopolska Province or by its Polish name of województwo wielkopolskie or simply Wielkopolskie) is a Piła Voivodeship (Województwo pilske was a voivodeship (unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998 Piła is the largest town in the northern part of Great Poland. Greater Poland or Great Poland, Polish Wielkopolska (Großpolen Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland It is the capital of Piła County. Piła County (powiat pilski is a unit of territorial administration and local government ( Powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. The town is located on the Gwda river and is famous for its green areas, parks and dense forests nearby. The Gwda (Küddow is a River in Poland. It is 146 kilometers long and begins at Lake Studnica, northeast of Szczecinek. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria It is an important road and railway hub. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation.
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City name
Piła is a Polish word meaning "saw". Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. A saw is a Tool that uses a hard blade or wire with an abrasive edge to cut through softer materials This was a typical name denoting a village of woodcutters belonging to a local noble. A lumberjack or logger is a man who harvests lumber The term lumberjack is somewhat archaic having been mostly replaced by logger. The German name Schneidemühl means "sawmill". A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards Sawmill process A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of 100 years ago a log enters
History
Following the German colonist movement of the thirteenth century, and particularly after the end of the 1241 Mongolian invasions, many German colonizers brought with them not only diligence, zeal and industriousness, but also the clergy. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. Coming from Brandenburg, Pommerania and even Holland, these settlers were followed by sporadic migrations in the fourteenth century when they also relocated east of the Oder in the area of the Neumark. Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. Holland is a region in the western part of the Netherlands. A maritime and economic power in the 17th century Holland today consists of the Dutch provinces of The Oder (known in Czech and Polish as Odra) is a River in Central Europe. The Neumark ( also known as the New March (Nowa Marchia or East Brandenburg ( was a region of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg, Clearing dense forests and bogs, they farmed the land while generous grants were often given to them by the nobility of Brandenburg to settle in an orderly fashion. Many of these early German-speaking settlers may well have reached the Kraina, the borderland between the rivers Notec, Drage and Gwda, the land around the settlement then known in Polish as Pyła. Krajina is a Slavic Toponym. Ethymology In Croatian, it refers to area around certain smaller city The Noteć ( German: Netze, Latin: Natissis) is a River in central Poland with a length of 388 km (7th longest and a basin Drawa is a River in north-western Poland, a tributary of the Notec river (near Krzyz Wielkopolski) with a length of 186 kilometres (20th longest The Gwda (Küddow is a River in Poland. It is 146 kilometers long and begins at Lake Studnica, northeast of Szczecinek.
Numerous villages and towns were established and were often known by their German-sounding names from then on. Frequently, towns were given Magdeburger Stadtrecht (Magdeburg Town Law) nach deutschem Recht, in other words home-rule rights, jus municipale (municipal rights) according to German law — a concept that eventually spread throughout Eastern Europe. The fact that a town had attained Magdeburger Stadtrecht invariably indicated the existence of a fair number of German settlers in its midst. That area remained under Brandenburg’s control until 1368 when the land of the Kraina became Polish. General immigration of German settlers diminished, however, when Poland under Kazimierz IV Jagiellonczyk (1447–92) defeated the Teutonic Order in 1466. Casimir IV Jagiellon (Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk; Kazimieras Jogailaitis Kazimir Jahajłavič 30 November 1427 &ndash The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order.
The period of the Renaissance and its ideas flourished in Poland during the reign of the last ruler of the two-hundred-year Jagiellonian dynasty, Zygmunt II Augustus. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere The Jagiellons (Jogailaičiai Jagiellonowie were a royal Dynasty originating from Lithuanian House of Gediminas dynasty that reigned in Central European For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund II Augustus I (Zygmunt II August As a monarch, he was recognized for his humanist ideas characterized by tolerance, far in advance of his time. Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal
The area around the settlement of Pyła, situated in the southern Pomeranian Lake District, was one of dense pine forests and lakes. Legend has it that two ancient routes once crossed here, namely an ancient Heerstrasse (military highway) from central German lands, leading across the River Oder, running parallel to the River Notec, the river that became later known by its German name Netze. A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking That route led into an area of the Vistula, further east, claimed by some to have been the old amber route of the Romans. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial This ancient military highway is said to have intersected a road from the south of Poland that led to the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Speculation exists that a narrow ford through the River Gwda or Küddow — as early German settlers called the river that was a tributary of the Notec — may have led the road to the east, prompting a primitive settlement on its banks. A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled
It may be conjectured that a Slavic settlement of woodcutters in the fishing village Pyła may have existed before any of the later villages and surrounding towns of the area were established. A lumberjack or logger is a man who harvests lumber The term lumberjack is somewhat archaic having been mostly replaced by logger. A fisherman or fisher is someone who gathers Fish, Shellfish, or other animals from a body of water Thus, in the 1300s Pyła grew to some extent because of its position on the Gwda a mere 6 kilometers from where it joins the river Notec. Yet, the settlement developed less than others that were situated at such major water routes as the rivers Warta or Vistula. Pyła’s simple layout of unpaved streets and primitive clay and timber houses gave little protection to its inhabitants and was still far from becoming a commercially interesting locale. If one were to credit a Privilegium (charter) of the early 1380s as evidence, a document associated with the building of a church in Pyła and ascribed to the very young Polish-Hungarian Queen Jadwiga d’Anjou — a copied document that still existed in the archives of Schneidemühl prior to 1834 — then that period could well be regarded as the time the village of Pyła/Snydemole was elevated to the status of town. A charter is the grant of authority or rights stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified Jadwiga of Anjou (1373/4 – July 17 1399 was King of Poland from 1384 to her death The recurring Polish-German double naming Pyła-Snydemole may be attributed to the fact that two originally separate localities took their name from the water-powered sawmill that had been part of the town’s raison d’être from the beginning. Documented references to Snydemole and Pyła are reportedly found in parish church sources of 1449, where there is mention of a sawmill and of the name of the current Wojewoda (governor) Paul. Evidence also exists of a letter from 1456 by the Brandenburg Elector Kurfürst Friedrich II of Hohenzollern, der Eiserne (the Iron one) who had purchased the Neumark region from the German Templars in 1455. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl This article is about Frederick II of Brandenburg See Frederick II for other rulers Frederick II (Friedrich II The missive is addressed to bishop Andreas of Poznan and to Lukasz Gorka, the local judeophile Starosta, the royal constable of Wielkopolska. Starost(a ( Elder Cyrillic: Старост/а is a Title for an official or unofficial position of leadership that has been used in various contexts through The Kurfürst complained that in prevailing peace times some burghers of Snydemole and Pyła were making raids on his lands. This accusation may tend to give additional credence to the earlier claim that Queen Jadwiga in the 1380s was indeed the founder of the town of Pyła.
Until 1480 Pyła was a Mediatstadt, a town owned by the nobility, belonging to Maciej Opalinski who later presented his holdings to King Kazimierz IV, at which time Pyła became an Immediatstadt, a royal town. It is known that ten years later the burghers of the town were accused and penalized for tax evasion that had been traced over a period of five years. However, King Zygmunt I — during whose reign immigration of numerous Jews from the Iberian peninsula, Bohemia and Germany was encouraged — bestowed Magdeburger Stadtrecht, municipal rights, upon the town of Pyła on 4 March 1513, a landmark decision. Sigismund I the Old (Zygmunt I Stary Žygimantas II Senasis 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548) of the Jagiellon dynasty reigned as PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Attaining Stadtrecht was a sterling achievement for Pyła since it gave the burghers not only status, but also the rights to self-administration and its own judiciary, leading to the elimination of different rights for Polish and German burghers. The administration of the town’s affairs was now in the hands of three legislative bodies, elected from among the burghers. They were the council with the mayor, the Schöffencollegium (jury court) and the elders of the guilds. Only the position of the Vogt (bailiff) remained in the hands of the crown or its deputy, the Starosta. Bailiff (from Late Latin baiulivus, Adjectival form of baiulus) is a Governor or Custodian (cf The sovereign, however, remained the ultimate judge, warlord and owner of the land. Being free from the arbitrariness of a Kastellan (king’s official) or of a Wojewoda (governor of the province) — Pyła’s town folk took advantage of the town’s privileges by owning property, carrying on any trade and enjoying the right to hold much needed market fairs. A trade fair (or trade show) is an exhibition organised so that companies in a specific Industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products service study
Economic circumstances or personal feuds may have been responsible for the frequent changes of ownership of the town, as Pyła was ‘purchased’ in 1518 by Hieronymus von Bnin; the document outlining the deed and ownership during his lifetime was given to him by King Zygmunt I in 1525. Following the demise of Bnin, the town became the property of the dynasty of the mighty Gorka family. This family, secretly leaning toward Protestantism and in power until the seventeenth century, included some of the wealthiest landowners and most influential nobles of Poland and was known to be benevolent to their town’s folk. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation.
In 1548 Pyła obtained a privilege that banned any foreign potter from the town’s markets, and in 1561 a fishing privilege was obtained. Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware Pyła was part of the Województwo Poznan, the region divided into the four Starosty (land holdings) of Poznan, Koscian (Kosten), Wschowa (Fraustadt) and Wałcz (Deutsch Krone), the latter encompassing the Starosty Ujscie-Pyła (Usch-Schneidemühl), the area between the rivers Gwda, Notec and Drage. Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Kościan (Kosten is a Town on the Obra canal in central Poland with 21050 inhabitants (2004 Wschowa (Fraustadt is a town in the Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland with 14607 inhabitants ( 2004) Wałcz ( Kashubian Wôłcz, Deutsch Krone is a County town in Wałcz County of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Stara Pyła, the old Pyła, a town that never had walls, was slow to grow.
By the middle of the sixteenth century, many German Protestant craftsmen and traders, driven out of Bohemia by religious persecution during the Reformation, settled in numerous towns in the region. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Some may have settled in Pyła too, yet in 1563 the small town had no more than 750 inhabitants. They are known to have lived in 153 houses, primitively built, primarily with timber and clay, covered with straw and grouped mainly around the Alter Markt, the Old Market, a typical center of German towns. When King Stephan Istvan Bathory confirmed two of the town’s privileges on 3 September 1576, the burghers were granted the right to hold their weekly market on a Monday, an important feat. This article is about the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century Over the following 150 years, numerous privileges and charters were re-issued by the Polish crown, mainly as a result of loss by fire. By 1591 a statute allowing apprenticeships in various trades was obtained.
Pyła was particularly affected when the widowed Johan Zygmunt III married the pious 17-year old Catholic princess Konstancja, archduchess of Habsburg, in 1605. Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza ( 20 June 1566 Biography Constance was a daughter of Charles II of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria. He presented the town of Pyła, together with the lands of the domain of Ujscie, as a wedding gift to his new bride. By her husband’s benevolence, she became responsible for changing Pyła in several ways over the next few decades. Acting in concert with the tenets of the prevailing Catholic Counter Reformation, the queen first attended to what seemed closest to her heart. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the She saw to it that numerous Protestant churches in the region of Wałcz, the most German of areas where seventeen Protestant villages existed, be handed over to the Roman Catholic clergy, hounding many a German Protestant burgher in the process.
After one of the town’s frequent fires in 1619, the queen — in a benevolent gesture and as her ‘present’ to the burghers of Pyła — appropriated funds from the large estate to have the old burnt-out wooden Catholic Church, the Alte Marienkirche, rebuilt. Alas, given the random, close proximity of houses to one another, town fires occurred with such regularity in numerous communities during that period that in 1626 another devastating fire broke out in Pyła. This time the entire town was laid to ashes, including the newly built church. Konstancja subsequently charged her secretary Samuel Targowski on 15 July 1626 to survey what was left of the town. His proposal for a new layout was to be drastic for Christian burghers; to the developing Jewish community it was most consequential and of particular detriment. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Queen Konstancja decided on a distinct segregation of Jews and Christians. The Jewish community was to resettle in a ghetto, what was to become a virtual town within a town. A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure The new site, from thereon often referred to as Judenstadt, the Jews’ town. To demarcate the newly created ghetto, the decree called for a sizable trench to be dug to surround the Jewish quarters where feasible; otherwise a tall wooden fence had to serve to close in the area completely.
A new church arose in 1628. Unlike most other buildings in town, the choir room section of this edifice was to remain intact in its original form until 1945. New houses were constructed of brick and stone and the town was reconstructed in plain Renaissance style. Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe in which there was a On July 24, 1655 during The Deluge, Swedish troops captured the mostly Lutheran town of Pyla, pillaged and destroyed most of it. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. The Deluge ( Polish: Potop, full Polish name is Potop Szwedzki Deluge''' is the name commonly assigned in the History Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther During October 1656, a Polish troupe of Stefan Czarniecki’s army sought terrible retribution upon the largely German and Protestant burghers of Pyła, accusing them of collusion with the Swedes — while Loyola’s zealous disciples fanned their anti-Jewish hostilities in many parts of Poland. Biography Stefan Czarniecki was born in 1599 in family estate of Czarnca by Włoszczowa in southern Poland in an impoverished Szlachta family During the consecutive Great Northern and Seven Years' Wars similar havoc was visited upon the remaining inhabitants. The Great Northern War (1700-21 was fought between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltic Sea. The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths To add to the plight, it was discovered that the plague had been carried in. The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest Pandemics in human history widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia
With the signing of the definitive treaty to divide Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia in 1772, the so-called [[Partitions of Poland|First Partition of Poland] was accomplished. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Pyła became part of the Kingdom of Prussia and was renamed Schneidemühl. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising (In 1793 it was recaptured for a short period by a Polish army led Colonel Wyganowski. ) After Friedrich II signed the Besitzergreifungspatent, the Ownership Protocol of his Polish lands on 13 September 1772, he created out of the northern parts of Great Poland and Kujawie the Departement Westpreussen. Part of that area was later also known as the Netzedistrikt, a governmental administrative district consisting of a wide strip of land both sides of the river Netze (Notec), stretching from it source north of Wreschen to the border of the Neumark, incorporating the Küddow and the Drage, as these rivers were known from thereon. Września Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Września (Wreschen is a town in central Poland with 28600 inhabitants (1995
In the year 1781, another huge fire occurred in Schneidemühl, devastating half the town. Despite the fact that Prussian authorities had brought in chimney sweeps and regulations that spelled out fire emergency tasks, hardly anyone in the town was prepared for a major conflagration. Forty-four houses, thirty-seven stables and seventeen barns burned down.
Following Prussia’s inglorious defeat at the hands of Napoleon at the battle of Jena, and after signing the Peace of Tilsit of 7 July 1807, Prussia had lost nearly fifty percent of its territory. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt (older name Auerstädt were fought on October 14, 1806 on the plateau west of the river Saale The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland in the town of Tilsit Schneidemühl’s new Polish-Prussian border ran very close to town and together with the largest part of Posen, Schneidemühl became part of Bonaparte’s Grossherzogthum Warschau. This semi-independent Grand Duchy of Warsaw, as it became known, was created out of parts of Prussia’s Polish territories, headed by King Friedrich August of Saxony. The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon
In 1815 the Congress of Vienna gave Schneidemühl to Prussia again. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The Polish language was banned from offices and education and the city saw a significant influx of German settlers. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as By 1834 Schneidemühl had barely recovered from the worst outbreak of cholera of 1831, an epidemic that affected the town’s burghers to such an extent that a special Protestant cholera cemetery had to be laid out in the town’s suburb Berliner Vorstadt. Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious Gastroenteritis caused by the Bacterium In the summer of 1834 the city was again struck by a fire that destroyed a large part of the city centre and the city archives. The city was rebuilt shortly afterwards. Until 1846 Piła belonged to the Grand Duchy of Poznań, which was then renamed the Province of Posen of the Kingdom of Prussia, which in turn became part of the German Empire after 1871. The Grand Duchy of Posen (Großherzogtum Posen Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie was an autonomous province of the Kingdom of Prussia in the Polish lands commonly known as " The Province of Posen (Provinz Posen Prowincja Poznańska was a province of Prussia from 1848-1918 and as such part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918 the whole The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1851 the city was connected to Berlin and Bromberg by a railway. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Bydgoszcz (Bromberg Bydgostia is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers with
The Germanization policy of the Prussian and Imperial German government replaced its Polish identity with a German one. Germanisation (also spelled Germanization) is either the spread of the German language, people and culture either by force or Assimilation By the end of the 19th century the city had become one of the most important railway nodes of the region and one of the biggest towns in the Province of Posen. It was turned into a Prussian military garrison town. Garrison (various spellings (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip" is the collective term for a body of Troops Schneidemühl was revisited by a catastrophe, known as the Brunnenunglück, or the ‘calamity of the well’ that made national headlines. The drilling of an artesian well in August 1892 went horribly wrong and led to unexpected widespread flooding of many of the newly laid-out streets of 1834, causing numerous houses to simply collapse and leaving more than eighty families without shelter. The worst was that this disaster came only a few years on the heels of unexpected flooding caused by the spring thaw of March 1888 that had turned the Küddow into a raging river, when many people were forced to use rowboats to navigate the streets.
During the first World War Schneidemuhl had a prisoner of war camp, initially taking mainly Russian prisoners but later including prisoners from most allied nations including Australia. A telling account of life in the town during that period survives in the form of the diary of Piete Kuhr, then a young girl whose grandmother worked at the Red Cross canteen at the railway station. Piete Kuhr is better known for her later work under the pen name Jo Mihaly. Jo Mihaly (born Piete Kuhr) (1902 &ndash 1989 was a German dancer and writer
After the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, and after much protest by the German majority of its population, Schneidemühl was not included in the Polish Second Republic after World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All After the Greater Poland Uprising, the new Polish-German border ran five kilometers south of the city. The Greater Poland Uprising of 1918&ndash1919, or Wielkopolska Uprising of 1918&ndash1919 ( Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918&ndash19 roku; On 21 July 1922 Schneidemühl became the Regierungsbezirk, the centre for local administration of the new province Grenzmark Posen-Westpreussen. The border province of Posen-West Prussia (Grenzmark Posen-Westpreußen was a province of the Free State of Prussia. In 1925, with the sudden influx of the so-called Optanten, and with considerable publicity, the town’s population swelled temporarily to 37,518.
The city experienced a short period of growth followed by a period of decline in the early 1930s. High unemployment and the ineffectiveness of local administration led to rising support for the NSDAP. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The administrative arrangement lasted only eleven years when the province, also known as Gau Kurmark, joined the province of Brandenburg as a governmental district. Thereafter, in March and September 1938, a Verwaltungsgliederung, or administrative reform, divided the entire area west of the Polish border into the three entities Brandenburg, Schlesien (Silesia) and Pommern Pomerania—placing the Netzekreis with Schneidemühl into Pommern, with which it formed the Regierungsbezirk Grenzmark Posen-Westpreussen, the governmental district of Grenzmark Posen-Westpreussen, as of 1 October 1938. Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people
With the onset of the Nazi period and the begin of the Gestapo’s nefarious harassment of political and racial undesirables, the climate for Schneidemühl's shrinking Jewish community that had reached over one thousand members during the mid-19th century, changed irreversibly — institutionalized anti-Semitism had arrived in Schneidemühl. The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility 1938: the terror that was the Kristallnacht embodied so much more than a night of broken glass. The freestanding structure of Schneidemühl’s fine synagogue became a prime target for the Nazis who set fire to the one-hundred-year old house of God. The 300-year old Jewish community of Schneidemühl was destroyed when the last remaining Jews were arrested and deported after 21 March 1940. During World War II a camp for civil prisoners-of-war named "Albatros" was established. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The city became part of the Pommerstellung a line of fortifications. Pomeranian Wall, Pomeranian Line or Pomeranian Position (Die Pommernstellung Wał Pomorski was a line of Fortifications constructed by Nazi Germany In 1945 the town was declared a Festung by Adolf Hitler. German strongholds during World War II ( Festung “ Fortresses were the selected towns and cities so designated by Adolf Hitler to resist the Allied offensives Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately It was captured by the joint Polish and Red Army forces after two weeks of heavy fighting. The Polish First Army (Pierwsza Armia Wojska Polskiego 1 AWP for short was a Polish Army unit formed in the Soviet Union in 1944 from previously existing Polish I Corps The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya 75% of the city was destroyed and almost 90% of the historic city centre was in ruins.
Resulting from the Potsdam Conference in 1945 the city became part of Poland again with the official name of Piła. The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16, The remaining local ethnic German population was forcibly expelled by Polish and Soviet troops from 1945 to 1948, while Polish refugees and colonists were resettled in the city. The expulsion of Germans after World War II was the Forced migration and Ethnic cleansing of German nationals ( Reichsdeutsche) and ethnic The historical city centre was only partially restored.
In 1975 Piła became the capital of the newly-established Piła Voivodeship, which started a period of fast development of industry in the area. Piła Voivodeship (Województwo pilske was a voivodeship (unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998 Currently Piła is one of the most important cities of the region. It is famous for its green areas and parks, as well as for its speedway club Polonia Piła. Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a Motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise Polonia Piła is a Motorcycle speedway Club in the Polish town of Piła.
Notable people
- Stanisław Staszic (1755-1826), a priest and activist of the Polish Enlightenment, also an economist of the Congress Kingdom
- Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (1884-1945), German politician
- Bishop Maximilian Kaller, first Roman Catholic church administrator of Schneidemühl
- Dirk Galuba, ( b. Stanisław Staszic ( November 6, 1755 - January 20, 1826) was a Polish Priest, Philosopher, Statesman The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye Carl Friedrich Goerdeler ( July 31, 1884 &ndash February 2, 1945) was a conservative German Politician Maximilian Kaller ( 10 October 1880 &ndash 7 July 1947) was Bishop of Warmia (Ermland in East Prussia from 1930&ndash1945 Dirk Galuba (b August 28, 1940 in Schneidemühl now Pila, Poland) is a German Television Actor. 1940), actor
- Bernard Schultze (1915–2005), painter
Historical attractions
- 19th century building of former arsenal
- St. Stanislaus Kostka's church - built in Neo-Gothic style
- Holy Family's church - built in Neo-baroque style
- St. Bernard Schultze ( May 13, 1915 in Schneidemühl, now Piła, Poland – April 14, 2005 in Cologne) An arsenal is an establishment for the construction repair storage and issue of Weapons and Ammunition. Stanisław Kostka, SJ ( 28 October 1550 – 15 August 1568) was a Polish Novice of the Society of Jesus The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Neo-Baroque is a term used to describe artistic creations which display important aspects of Baroque style but are not from the Baroque period proper around the 17th-18th Anthony's Church with the biggest wooden figure of Jesus in Europe, seven metres tall (church built in 1930)
- museum in house of Stanisław Staszic
- two war cemeteries (prisoners from World War I and Polish and Soviet soldiers killed during the battle of Wał Pomorski (Pommerstellung) during World War II); cemeteries are in uptown Piła, in Leszków. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Stanisław Staszic ( November 6, 1755 - January 20, 1826) was a Polish Priest, Philosopher, Statesman World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Pomeranian Wall, Pomeranian Line or Pomeranian Position (Die Pommernstellung Wał Pomorski was a line of Fortifications constructed by Nazi Germany
Historical population
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Economy
Major corporations
- Philips Lighting Poland, Piła
- Winkowski sp. z o.o., Piła
Sports
- PTPS Nafta Piła - women's volleyball team playing in Polish Seria A Women's Volleyball League: 1st place 1998/1999, 1999/2000, 2000/2001, 2001/2002 in season, 3rd place in 2004/2005 season. Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV ( Royal Philips Electronics Inc. Winkowski sp z oo is a major Corporation in the Polish town of Piła. Volleyball is a popular team sport in Poland. Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkowki PLS Polish Seria B Men's Volleyball Polish Women's-Volleyball League (Liga Siatkówki Kobiet LSK -formerly Polish Seria A Volleyball League) is the highest level of women Volleyball games played in
- VKS Joker Piła - men's volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League
- PKŻ Polonia Piła - speedway club, 1st place 1999 in season
- MKP 1999 Piła - fourth division football club. Volleyball is a popular team sport in Poland. Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkowki PLS Polish Seria B Men's Volleyball The Polish Volleyball League ( pol: Polska Liga Siatkówki - PLS) is the highest level of men's Volleyball in Poland, a professional Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a Motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered
Politics
Piła constituency
Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Piła constituency
- Ajchler Romuald, SLD-UP
- Beger Renata, Samoobrona
- Gawłowski Andrzej, SLD-UP
- Kalemba Stanisław, PSL
- Pijanowska Grażyna, SLD-UP
- Piosik Stanisław, SLD-UP
- Skowyra Józef, LPR
- Stec Stanisław, SLD-UP
- Szejnfeld Adam, PO
Twin towns
Châtellerault, Cuxhaven, Kronstadt, Schwerin
External links
- Internet portal of Piła
- Internet info Piła (Polish)
- Schneidemuhl.net - Strona miłośników dawnej Piły (Polish)
- Portal Pilskiej Społeczności Internetowej (Polish)
- Forum Dyskusyjne Pilskiej Społeczności Internetowej - największe forum w regionie (Polish)
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