The Phoenix Park (Irish: Páirc an Fhionn-Uisce) is the largest enclosed urban public park in Europe[1][2] located 3 km to the north west of Dublin city centre in Ireland. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world It measures 712 hectares (1,760 acres), with a walled circumference of 16 km that contains large areas of grassland and tree-lined avenues. The park is home to a herd of wild Fallow deer since the seventeenth century. The Fallow Deer ( Dama dama) is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. The name is a corruption of the Irish fionn uisce meaning "clear water". [3]
Unusually for North Dublin, the park has an even-numbered area code (Dublin 8/D8). The Northside ( Taobh Ó Thuaidh in Irish) is the area in County Dublin, Ireland bounded to the south by the River Liffey to the east Dublin postal districts are used by Ireland 's postal service known as An Post, to sort mail in Dublin. All other areas of northside Dublin (except for the adjacent Chapelizod) have odd numbered area codes, and even numbers if on the southside of Dublin. Chapelizod ( Séipéal Iosóid in Irish, meaning " Iseult 's Chapel" is a village in Dublin, Ireland. The Southside ( Taobh Ó Dheas in Irish) is not an official administrative area but a Colloquial term referring to the area of County Dublin
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History
After the Normans conquered Dublin and its hinterland in the 12th century Hugh Tyrell, 1st Baron of Castleknock, granted a large area of land, including what now comprises the Phoenix Park, to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. The papal cross or ferula is an emblem of the papal office As a material cross it was carried before the Roman pontiff in processions or was used by him as Gas lighting refers to a technology used to produce light from gas usually methane but also including hydrogen and ethylene The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. Castleknock ( Caisleán Cnucha in Irish meaning "Castle of the Hill" or "Cnucha's Castle" is a suburb and a suburban The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St They established an abbey at Kilmainham on the site now occupied by Royal Hospital Kilmainham. Kilmainham ( Cill Mhaighneann in Irish, meaning "St Maighnenn's church" is a suburb of Dublin south of the River Liffey and west of The Royal Hospital Kilmainham in Kilmainham, Dublin is one of the finest 17th-century buildings in Ireland. The knights lost their lands when Henry VIII confiscated monastic properties in 1537 and eighty years later the lands once more reverted to the ownership of the King's representatives in Ireland. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of On the restoration of Charles II, his Viceroy in Dublin, Lord Ormonde established a Royal Hunting Park which contained pheasants and wild deer, therefore it was necessary to enclose the entire area with a wall. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. James Butler 1st Duke of Ormonde ( October 19, 1610 &ndash July 21 1688) was an Anglo-Irish statesman and soldier It was opened to the people of Dublin by Lord Chesterfield in 1745. Philip Dormer Stanhope 4th Earl of Chesterfield PC KG ( 22 September 1694 &ndash 24 March 1773) was a British
Significant features
Áras an Uachtaráin
The residence of the President of Ireland (Áras an Uachtaráin) built in 1754 is located in the park. The President of Ireland (Uachtarán na hÉireann n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ is the Head of state of Ireland. Áras an Uachtaráin, formerly the Viceregal Lodge, is the official residence of the President of Ireland. Originally named the Viceregal Lodge where the Lord Lieutenant lived for most the year until the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922. Áras an Uachtaráin, formerly the Viceregal Lodge, is the official residence of the President of Ireland. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (Ard-Leifteanant na hÉireann ( Plural: Lords Lieutenant) also known as the Judiciar in the early Mediaeval period The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by
Zoological Gardens
One of the Dublin's main attractions Dublin Zoo, which houses more than 700 animals and tropical birds from around the world is located in the park. Dublin Zoo (Irish Zú Átha Cliath) in Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland is the largest Zoo in Ireland and one It was founded in 1830 making it the fourth oldest zoo in the world.
Papal Cross
The Papal Cross was erected for the visit of Pope John Paul II in September 1979. The papal cross or ferula is an emblem of the papal office As a material cross it was carried before the Roman pontiff in processions or was used by him as Pope Over one million people attended an open air mass in the park at the time.
Monuments
- The Wellington Monument (also known as the Wellington Testimonial) is a 63 metres (210 ft) tall obelisk commemorating the victories of Duke of Wellington. The Wellington Monument (or more correctly the Wellington Testimonial) is an obelisk located in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland. An obelisk (from Greek ὀβελίσκος - obeliskos, diminutive of ὀβελός - obelos, "spit nail pointed pillar" Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, KP, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS ( c It would have been even higher if the publicly subscribed funding had not run out.
- The phoenix monument is a Corinthian column with a Phoenix bird rising from the ashes at its pinnacle. The Corinthian order is one of the Classical orders of Greek and Roman Architecture, characterized The phoenix ( Ancient Greek: Φοῖνιξ phoínix is a mythical sacred firebird in ancient mythologies starting with the Greek and later the It was erected by Lord Chesterfield in 1747.
Deerfield Residence
The Deerfield Residence was the former residence of the Chief Secretary for Ireland. The Chief Secretary's Lodge (Lóisteáil na Phríomh-Rúnaí known since the 1970s as Deerfield, is the official residence of the United States Ambassador The office before 1800 The dominant position of the Lord Lieutenant in the Irish governmental system had been central to the British administration for much of the history of It has been the official residence of the United States Ambassador to Ireland since the late 1920s. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the There have been a total of 27 American ambassadors to Ireland, the outgoing ambassador As of 2006 is James C
The Phoenix Park Visitor Centre and Ashtown Castle
The oldest building in the park is Ashtown Castle, a restored medieval tower house dating from the 15th century. Ashtown Castle is a fortified house in the Phoenix Park in Dublin. Restoration began in 1989 and it is located beside the Visitor Centre which houses interpretive displays on the 5,500 years of park and area history.
Other places of interest
The headquarters of the Irish national police force, the Garda Síochána, are located in the park. ga '''''Garda Síochána na hÉireann''''' (ˈgaːrdə ʃiːˈxaːnə nə ˈheːɾʲən Irish for "Peace Guard of Ireland" often rendered It also contains several sports grounds for football, soccer, cricket and polo. Gaelic football ( Irish: Peil, Peil Ghaelach, or Caid) commonly referred to as " football " is a form of Football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Polo is a team sport played outdoors on Horseback in which the objective is to score goals against an opposing team
The National Ambulance Service College is located at Saint Mary's Hospital on the Chapelizod side of the park.
The State Guest House, Farmleigh, adjoins the park to the north-west. Farmleigh was formerly one of the Dublin residences of the Guinness Brewing family The south western corner of the park is known as the Furry Glen and has a series of short walks centred around a small lake with birds, plants and wildlife.
The park is featured prominently in James Joyce's novel, Finnegans Wake, and tangentially in Ulysses. James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the Finnegans Wake is a fictional work by James Joyce, published in 1939 Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920 It is occasionally used for open-air concerts and the annual Phoenix Park Motor Races. A concert is a live Performance, usually of Music, before an Audience.
Motor racing
Motor racing first took place in the Phoenix Park in 1903 when the Irish Gordon Bennett Race Speed Trials were held on the main straight for both cars and motorcycles. Jenatzy 1903 Gordon Bennettjpg|right|thumb|205px|Jenatzy 1903 winner]]As one of three Gordon Bennett Cups established by James Gordon Bennett Jr MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. This was followed in 1929 by the Irish International Grand Prix; the first of three Irish motor racing grands prix. [4] Racing took place between 1932 until the beginning of World War II in 1939 and was revived again in 1949 with a sprint on the Oldtown circuit[5] followed the next year by a full racing meeting again and has been used virtually continuously until today. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Over the years seven different circuits have been used, two of which are named after the famous Ferrari World Champion racing driver Mike Hawthorn. Ferrari SpA is an Italian Sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy The Formula One World Drivers' Championship (WDC is awarded by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA) to the most successful Formula One John Michael Hawthorn ( April 10, 1929 - January 22, 1959) was a racing driver born in Mexborough, Yorkshire, England
Irish International Grand Prix winners
| Season | Date | Race Name | Location | Winning Driver | Chassis | Engine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 12 July | I Irish Grand Prix (Saorstat Cup) | Phoenix Park |  Boris Ivanowski | Alfa Romeo 6C | Alfa Romeo |
| 1929 | 13 July | I Irish Grand Prix (Éireann Cup) | Phoenix Park | Boris Ivanowski | Alfa Romeo 6C | Alfa Romeo |
| 1930 | 18 July | II Irish Grand Prix (Saorstat Cup) | Phoenix Park | Victor Gillow | Riley 9 Brooklands | - |
| 1930 | 19 July | II Irish Grand Prix (Éireann Cup) | Phoenix Park |  Rudolf Caracciola | Mercedes SSK | Mercedes-Benz |
Concerts
The park has played host to music concerts over the years including Robbie Williams, U2 and the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Boris Ivanowski ( Борис Ивановский) was an officer of the Russian Imperial Guard who went into exile after the Russian revolution and made The Alfa Romeo 6C name was used on road race and sports cars made between 1925–1954 by Alfa Romeo Alfa Romeo Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automaker founded in 1910 Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Boris Ivanowski ( Борис Ивановский) was an officer of the Russian Imperial Guard who went into exile after the Russian revolution and made The Alfa Romeo 6C name was used on road race and sports cars made between 1925–1954 by Alfa Romeo Alfa Romeo Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automaker founded in 1910 Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Rudolf Caracciola ( January 30, 1901 &ndash September 28, 1959) was a Racecar driver, nicknamed "Karratsch" The Mercedes-Benz SSK is a Roadster built by German Automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz between 1928 and 1932 Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the Robert Peter Maximilian Williams (born 13 February 1974) is an English singer Red Hot Chili Peppers are
References
- ^ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-60381/Dublin#147523.hook
- ^ Richmond Park in London, England is larger in area at 955 hectares (2,360 acres) but is a suburban royal park. Richmond Park is a 955 hectare (2360 acre urban park near central London UK London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Royal Parks of London are lands originally owned by the monarchy of England or the United Kingdom for the recreation (mostly hunting of the royal
- ^ http://www.chaptersofdublin.com/books/Neighbourhood/chapter39.html
- ^ PhoenixParkMotorRaces.org The Event (retrieved 7 March 2007)
- ^ Phoenix Park race tracks (retrieved 7 March 2007)
See also
External links
- Architecture of key park buildings
- Map of greater Dublin showing the placement and size of the Phoenix Park. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. List of gardens in the Republic of Ireland open to the public Avondale House, * Altamont,* Belvedere House,* Birr Castle The term Phoenix Park Murders is used to refer to the assassination in 1882 of Thomas Henry Burke and the newly appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, Lord Frederick It is the large green area west of the city centre, above the word "Kilmainham".
- Satellite Photo of the Phoenix Park
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