| City of Phoenix | |||
 | |||
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| Nickname: Valley of the Sun. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | United States | ||
| State | Arizona | ||
| County | Maricopa | ||
| Incorporated | February 25, 1881 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Type | Council-Manager | ||
| - Mayor | Phil Gordon (D) | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 517. Maricopa County (ˌmɛɹɨˈkoʊ̪pə is located in the central part of the U The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. This is a list of counties in Arizona. There are 15 counties in the U Maricopa County (ˌmɛɹɨˈkoʊ̪pə is located in the central part of the U A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In the council-manager form of government an elected city council (typically between five and 11 people is responsible for making Policy, passing Ordinances voting Appropriations The following is a list of the Mayors of Phoenix Arizona. Phil Gordon (born April 18, 1951 in Chicago Illinois) is an American Democratic party Politician, and the 51st and current The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 17 sq mi (1,334. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 1 km²) | ||
| - Land | 517. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 126 sq mi (1,334. 1 km²) | ||
| - Water | 0. 2 sq mi (0. 6 km²) | ||
| Elevation | 1,117 ft (340 m) | ||
| Population (2007)[1][2] | |||
| - City | 1,512,986 (5th) | ||
| - Density | 2,937. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status The Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/sq mi (1,188. 4/km²) | ||
| - Urban | 3,393,000 | ||
| - Metro | 4,179,427 | ||
| - Demonym | Phoenician | ||
| Time zone | MST (UTC-7) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | no DST (UTC-7) | ||
| Area code(s) | 602, 480, 623 | ||
| FIPS code | 04-55000 | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 0044784 | ||
| Major Airport | Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport- PHX (Major/International) | ||
| Website: http://www.phoenix.gov/ | |||
Phoenix (pronounced /ˈfiːˌnɪks/, O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdo, Mojave Hachpa 'Anya Nyava[3]) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Arizona. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-7) during the shortest days of autumn UTC−7 can be observed in Mountain Standard Time Zone Pacific Daylight Time Zone Canada Daylight saving time ( DST Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−7 can be observed in Mountain Standard Time Zone Pacific Daylight Time Zone Canada A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks ImageArea_code_602png|right|Map of Arizona area codes in blue (and border states with 602 in redpoly 0 0 73 58 14 59 14 100 0 90 Area code 775 poly 73 58 68 92 64 92 58 ImageArea_code_AZpng|right|Map of Arizona area codes in blue (and border statespoly 0 0 73 58 14 59 14 100 0 90 Area code 775 poly 73 58 68 92 64 92 58 88 48 88 51 125 ImageArea_code_623png|right|Map of Arizona area codes in blue (and border states with 623 in redpoly 0 0 73 58 14 59 14 100 0 90 Area code 775 poly 73 58 68 92 64 92 58 Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport is a joint civil-military public Airport located three miles (5 km east of the Central business district of Phoenix O'odham (/ɔʔɔdham/ is an Uto-Aztecan language of southern Arizona and northern Sonora where the Tohono O'odham and Pima reside Yavapai is an Upland Yuman language, spoken by Native Americans in western Arizona. Western Apache refers to the similar Apache peoples living primarily in east central Arizona. Navajo or Navaho ( native name: Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock spoken in the southwest United States by Mojave is the native language of the Mojave people along the Colorado River in eastern California northwestern Arizona and southwestern Nevada The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also the state capital and the largest state capital in the United States in terms of population. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It is the county seat of Maricopa County. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Maricopa County (ˌmɛɹɨˈkoʊ̪pə is located in the central part of the U [4] It is the largest city in the American Southwest and the Mountain Time Zone as well as the second largest city in the West after Los Angeles, California. The Southwestern area of the United States could be defined as the states west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit such as the 37 The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-7) during the shortest days of autumn The Western United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American West or simply the West &mdashtraditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West It is the region's primary political, cultural, economic, financial, technological, and transportation center. Phoenix is located on the banks of what is now the normally dry Salt River (with the exception of Tempe Town Lake). The Salt River ( O'odham [Pima]: Onk Akimel) is a Tributary of the Gila River, approximately 322 km (200 mi long in central Arizona Tempe Town Lake is an Artificial lake that occupies a portion of the normally Dry riverbed of the Salt River as it passes through the city of Tempe The city was incorporated on February 25, 1881. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The city is also known by its nickname, The Valley of the Sun or The Valley because the city is surrounded by mountains on all sides. Residents of the city are known as Phoenicians.
The city is currently the fifth largest city in the United States[2] in terms of population with a 2007 estimated population of 1,512,986. The Its city proper is the tenth largest for land area in the United States at 515 square miles (1,330 km²), causing this to result in a lower population density. This list ranks US cities by land area (not including bodies of water The United States of America —commonly referred to as the As of 2007, the Phoenix Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was the thirteenth largest in the United States, with an estimated population of 4,179,427. The Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, is a Metropolitan area that includes the City of Phoenix, much of the rest of [5] Between 2000 and 2006 the city of Phoenix was the fastest growing city in percentage terms.
Contents |
History
Native American Period
For more than 1,000 years, the Hohokam peoples occupied the land that would become Phoenix. Hohokam (ho-ho-KAHM [6] The Hohokam created roughly 135 miles (217 km) of irrigation canals, making the desert land arable. In Geography, arable land (from Latin arare, to Plough) is an agricultural term meaning land that can be used for Paths of these canals would later become used for the modern Arizona Canal, Central Arizona Project Canal, and the Hayden-Rhodes Aqueduct. The Central Arizona Project (CAP is a 336 mi (541 km diversion canal in Arizona in the United States The Hohokam also carried out extensive trade with nearby Anasazi, Mogollon, and other Mesoamerican tribes. Mesoamerica or Meso-America (Mesoamérica is a Region extending approximately from central Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua, defined
It is believed that, between 1300 and 1450, periods of drought and severe floods led to the Hohokam's abandonment of the area. [6] Local Akimel O'odham settlements, thought to be the descendants of the formerly urbanized Hohokam, concentrated on the Gila River alongside those of the Tohono O'odham and Maricopa peoples. The Akimel O'odham or Pima are a group of American Indians living in an area consisting of what is now central and Southern Arizona ( USA The Gila /'hilə/ River ( O'odham [Pima]: Gila Akimel) is a Tributary of the Colorado River, 650 Miles (1044 Kilometers The Tohono O'odham, also known as the Papago, are a group of aboriginal Americans who reside primarily in the Sonoran Desert of the southwest The Maricopa, or Piipaash, are a Native American Ethnic group who live in the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and Gila Some family groups did continue to live near the Salt River, but no large villages existed.
Hispanic Period
Father Eusebio Kino, an Italian Jesuit in the service of the Spanish Empire, was among the first Europeans to travel here in the 1600s and 1700s. Eusebio Francisco Kino SJ ( August 10, 1644 &ndash March 15, 1711) was a Catholic priest who became famous in what Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries By this time, the valley was within the territory of New Spain, which was controlled by Spain and later independent Mexico. The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Father Kino named the river "Rio Salado" (Salt River) due to the water's high mineral content. He interacted with the few native peoples who remained in the valley but focused mostly on the Pima missions established in southern Arizona as well as exploring other parts of the Southwest and California. The Akimel O'odham or Pima are a group of American Indians living in an area consisting of what is now central and Southern Arizona ( USA Only southern Arizona experienced the full influence of Hispanic cultures – the Salt River Valley itself remained almost depopulated for several centuries.
- See also: European colonization of Arizona
Early United States period
American and European "Mountain Men" likely came through the area while exploring what is now central Arizona during the early 19th century. The modern colonization of Arizona started with the arrival of Europeans in 1528 The Mountain Men is also the name of a 1980 movie starring Charlton Heston. They obtained valuable beaver and otter pelts; these animals, as well as deer and wolves, often lived in the Salt River Valley when water supplies and temperatures allowed. Beavers are two primarily nocturnal semi-aquatic species of Rodent, one native to North America and one to Europe Otters are semi- aquatic (or in one case aquatic) fish-eating Mammals The otter subfamily Lutrinae forms part of the family A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora
When the Mexican-American War ended in 1848, most of Mexico's northern zone passed to US control and a portion of it was made the New Mexico Territory (this included what is now Phoenix) shortly afterward. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Territory of New Mexico became an Organized territory of the United States on September 9, 1850, and it existed until New Mexico The Gadsden Purchase was completed in 1853. The Gadsden Purchase (known as Venta de La Mesilla or Treaty of La Mesilla in Mexico is a region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico The land was contested ground during the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Both the Confederate Arizona Territory, organized by Southern sympathizers in 1861 and with its capital in Tucson, and the United States Arizona Territory, formed by the US Congress in 1863, with its capital at Fort Whipple (now Prescott, Arizona) included the Salt River Valley within their borders. The Arizona Territory of the Confederate States of America was an Organized territory of the Confederacy that existed between 1861 and 1865 Tucson (ˈtuːsɒn is the seat of Pima County Arizona, United States, located 118 miles (188 km) southeast The Territory of Arizona was an Organized territory of the United States that existed between 1863 and 1912 The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Prescott ( Yavapai: Wiikwasa Kasikita) is a City in Yavapai County, Arizona, USA. The valley was not militarily important, however, and did not witness conflict.
In 1863, the mining town of Wickenburg was the first to be established in what is now Maricopa County. Wickenburg is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. At the time this county did not exist, as the land was within Yavapai County along with the other major town of Prescott. Yavapai County is located near the center of the US state of Arizona.
The US Army created Fort McDowell on the Verde River in 1865 to quell Native American uprisings. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Hispanic workers serving the fort established a camp on the south side of the Salt River by 1866 that was the first permanent settlement in the valley after the decline of the Hohokam. In later years, other nearby settlements would form and merge to become the city of Tempe,[7] but this community was incorporated after Phoenix. Tempe (tɛmpiː Oidbaḍ in Pima) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, with a 2007 population of 174091
Founding of Phoenix
The history of Phoenix as a city begins with Jack Swilling, an American Civil War veteran who had come west to seek wealth in the 1850s and worked primarily in Wickenburg. John W "Jack" Swilling ( April 1, 1830 &ndash August 12, 1878) founded the city of Phoenix, Arizona, in Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Wickenburg is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. On an outing in 1867, he stopped to rest at the foot of the White Tank Mountains. The White Tank Mountains is the name of a Mountain range located in central Arizona. Swilling observed the abandoned river valley and considered its potential for farming, much like that already cultivated by the military further east near Fort McDowell. The terrain and climate were optimal; only a regular source of water was necessary. Terrain, or relief, is the third or vertical dimension of land surface. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of The existence of the old Hohokam ruins, showing clear paths for canals, made Swilling imagine new possibilities. Hohokam (ho-ho-KAHM
Swilling had a series of canals built which followed those of the ancient Native American system. Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States A small community formed that same year about 4 miles (6 km) east of the present city. It was first called Pumpkinville due to the large pumpkins that flourished in fields along the canals, then Swilling's Mill in his honor, though later renamed to Helling Mill, Mill City, and finally, East Phoenix. Pumpkin is a Gourd -like squash of the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae (which also includes gourds Swilling, a former Confederate soldier, wanted to name the city "Stonewall," after General Stonewall Jackson. The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the Others suggested the name of "Salina. " However, neither name was supported by the community.
Finally, Lord Darrell Duppa suggested the name "Phoenix," as it described a city born from the ruins of a former civilization. Phillip Darrell Duppa ( October 9, 1832 &ndash January 30, 1892) was a pioneer in the settlement of Arizona prior to its A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status [8]
The Yavapai County Board of Supervisors, which at the time encompassed Phoenix, officially recognized the new town on May 4, 1868, and formed an election precinct. Yavapai County is located near the center of the US state of Arizona. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The first post office was established on June 15, 1868, with Jack Swilling serving as the postmaster. A post office is a facility authorized by a Postal system for the posting receipt sorting handling transmission or delivery of Mail. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Postmaster (or Postmistress) refers to the head of an individual Post office. With the number of residents growing (the 1870 US census reported about a total Salt River Valley population of 240), a townsite needed to be selected. On October 20, 1870, the residents held a meeting to decide where to locate it. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A 320-acre (1. The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U 3 km²) plot of land was purchased in what is now the downtown business section. [9]
On February 12, 1871, the territorial legislature created Maricopa County, the sixth one formed, by dividing Yavapai County. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Maricopa County (ˌmɛɹɨˈkoʊ̪pə is located in the central part of the U The first election for county office was held in 1871, when Tom Barnum was elected the first sheriff. Barnum ran unopposed as the other two candidates, John A. Chenowth and Jim Favorite, had a shootout that ended in Favorite's death and Chenowth withdrawing from the race. [10]
Several lots of land were sold in 1870 at an average price of $48. The first church opened in 1871, as did the first store. Public school had its first class on September 5, 1872, in the courtroom of the county building. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year By October 1873, a small school was completed on Center Street (now Central Avenue). Central Avenue is a significant north-south thoroughfare in Phoenix Arizona. [10] Land entry was recorded by the Florence Land Office on November 19, 1873, and a declaratory statement filed in the Prescott Land Office on February 15, 1872. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year President Ulysses S. Grant issued a land patent for the present site of Phoenix on April 10, 1874. Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States A land patent is evidence of Right, title, and/or interest to a tract of land usually granted by a central, federal, or State Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The total value of the Phoenix Townsite was $550, with downtown lots selling for between $7 and $11 each. A short time later, a telegraph office, 16 saloons, four dance halls and two banks were open. A bar (also called a Pub or Tavern) is a business that serves drinks especially Alcoholic beverages such as beer liquor and mixed drinks for consumption [11]
Incorporation
By 1881, Phoenix had outgrown its original townsite-commissioner form of government. The 11th Territorial Legislature passed "The Phoenix Charter Bill", incorporating Phoenix and providing for a mayor-council government. The bill was signed by Governor John C. Fremont on February 25, 1881. John Charles Frémont ( January 21, 1813 July 13, 1890) was an American military officer, explorer, the Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Phoenix was incorporated with a population of approximately 2,500, and on May 3, 1881, Phoenix held its first city election. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Judge John T. Alsap defeated James D. Monihon, 127 to 107, to become the city's first mayor. [12] In early 1888, the city offices were moved into the new City Hall, at Washington and Central (later the site of the city bus terminal, until Central Station was built in the 1990s). This building also provided temporary offices for the territorial government when it moved to Phoenix in 1889. [13]
The coming of the railroad in the 1880s was the first of several important events that revolutionized the economy of Phoenix. Merchandise now flowed into the city by rail instead of wagon. Phoenix became a trade center with its products reaching eastern and western markets. In response, the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce was organized on November 4, 1888. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [13]
Phoenix also inaugurated an electric streetcar system, built off earlier stagecoach lines, in 1893. The Phoenix Street Railway provided streetcar service in Phoenix Arizona, from 1887 to 1948
Modern Phoenix (1900-Present)
In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the National Reclamation Act allowing for dams to be built on western streams for reclamation purposes. Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T The Reclamation Act (also known as the Newlands Reclamation Act or National Reclamation Act) of 1902 is a United States federal law that funded irrigation Residents were quick to enhance this by organizing the Salt River Valley Water Users' Association on February 7, 1903, to manage the water and power supply. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting The agency still exists as part of the Salt River Project. The Salt River Project or SRP, is a collective name used to refer to two separate entities the Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District [14] The Roosevelt Dam east of the valley was completed in 1911. Several new lakes were formed in the surrounding mountain ranges. In the Phoenix area, the river dried out, taking with it the large populations of migrating birds, beaver dams, and cottonwood trees that had lived on its waters. The cottonwoods are three species of Poplars in the section Aegiros of the genus Populus, native to North America, Europe and western
On February 14, 1912, under President William Howard Taft, Phoenix became the capital of the newly formed state of Arizona. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government [15]
Phoenix was considered preferable as both territorial and state capital due to its more central location as compared to Tucson or Prescott. It was smaller than Tucson but outgrew that city within the next few decades to become the state's largest.
In 1913, Phoenix adopted a new form of government from mayor-council to council-manager, making it one of the first cities in the United States with this form of city government. The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern In the council-manager form of government an elected city council (typically between five and 11 people is responsible for making Policy, passing Ordinances voting Appropriations [16]
During World War II, Phoenix's economy shifted to that of a distribution center, rapidly turning into an embryonic industrial city with mass production of military supplies. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Luke Field, Williams Field, and Falcon Field, coupled with the giant ground-training center at Hyder, west of Phoenix, brought thousands of new people into Phoenix. Luke Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located seven miles (11 km west of the Central business district of Glendale, in Maricopa County Williams Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force (USAF base located in Mesa, and about 30 miles southeast of Phoenix, Arizona. For other airports with this name see Falcon Field. Falcon Field is a public Airport located five miles (8 km) northeast Hyder is a Ghost town and farming community in Yuma County, Arizona, United States. [17]
The Papago Park Prisoner of War Camp was established for captured Axis troops located just east of the city. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries Only a few of its former buildings remain today. In 1944, dozens of POWs had devised a plan to escape from the camp and use boats to go down the Salt and Gila Rivers to reach Mexico. They were apparently unaware that the Salt River had been dry for decades and were thus easily apprehended near the camp.
Another notorious incident took place on Thanksgiving night of 1942, when a large number of US troops stationed near Phoenix rioted while resisting arrest by military police due to engaging in a fight. Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American Holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The military police surrounded and blocked off a predominantly African American part of the city that the troops had escaped to in order to hide. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa They then dispersed armored personnel carriers and used 50-caliber machine guns on civilian homes. Several fatalities resulted. The Colonel of Luke Field soon declared Army personnel banned from Phoenix, which pressured civic leaders to reform local government by firing a number of corrupt officials, in turn getting the ban lifted. This same bipartisan effort also successfully convinced the city council to give more power to the city manager to run the government and spend public funds.
A fire in October 1947 destroyed most of the streetcar fleet, making the city choose between implementing a new street railway system or using buses. The Phoenix Street Railway provided streetcar service in Phoenix Arizona, from 1887 to 1948 The latter were selected, and automobiles remained the city's preferred method of transportation.
By 1950, over 100,000 people lived within the city and thousands more in surrounding communities. There were 148 miles (238 km) of paved streets and 163 miles (262 km) of unpaved streets. [17]
Over the next several decades, the city and metropolitan area attracted more growth. Nightlife and civic events concentrated along Central Avenue. By the 1970s, however, there was rising crime and a decline in business within the downtown core.
Arizona Republic writer Don Bolles was murdered by a car bomb in the city in 1976. The Arizona Republic is a daily newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. Don Bolles ( July 28, 1928 - June 13, 1976) was an American Investigative reporter whose murder in a Bombing It was believed that his investigative reporting on organized crime in Phoenix made him a target. "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. The case remains unsolved. Street gangs and the drug trade had turned into public safety issues by the 1980s. Gangsters redirects here For the computer game see Gangsters (video game. The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global Black market consisting of the cultivation manufacture distribution and sale of illegal Drugs Van Buren Street, East of downtown (near 24th St), became associated with prostitution. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. The city's crime rates in many categories have improved since that time, but still exceed state and national averages.
After the Salt River flooded in 1980 and damaged many bridges, the Arizona Department of Transportation and Amtrak worked together and temporarily operated a train service, the "Hattie B. The Arizona Department of Transportation ( ADOT) is an Arizona state Government agency charged with facilitating mobility within the state The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 " line, between central Phoenix and the southeast suburbs. It was discontinued because of high operating costs and a lack of interest from local authorities in maintaining funding. [18]
The "Phoenix Lights" sightings took place in March 1997. The Phoenix Lights, sometimes referred to as "the Lights over Phoenix " is the popular name given to a series of optical phenomena and sightings that took place in The Baseline Killer and Serial Shooter crime sprees occurred in Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa. The Baseline Killer (or Baseline Rapist) is one of the Serial killers that operated around Baseline Road on the southern edge of Phoenix Arizona The Serial Shooter refers to what authorities now believe to be two men who committed multiple drive-by shootings targeting random pedestrians Steele Indian School Park was the site of a mid-air collision between two news helicopters in July 2007. The 2007 Phoenix news helicopter collision occurred on July 27 2007 at around 1245pm MST when two AS-350 AStar helicopters from KNXV-TV and
Phoenix has maintained a massive growth streak in recent years, growing by 24. 2% since 2000. This makes it the second-fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States following only Las Vegas, whose population has grown by 29. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Las Vegas metropolitan area includes the Las Vegas Valley a 600-square-mile (1600 km² basin and surrounding areas that is part of Clark County in southern 2% since 2000. [19]
Geography
Phoenix is located at 33°26'54" North, 112°4'26" West (33. 448457°, -112. 073844°)[20] in the Salt River Valley, or "Valley of the Sun", in central Arizona. It lies at a mean elevation of 1,117 feet (340 m), in the northern reaches of the Sonoran Desert. The Sonoran Desert (sometimes called the Gila Desert after the Gila River or the Low Desert in opposition to the higher Mojave Desert) is
The Salt River course runs westward through the city of Phoenix; the riverbed is normally dry except when excess runoff forces the release of water from the six dams upriver. The Salt River ( O'odham [Pima]: Onk Akimel) is a Tributary of the Gila River, approximately 322 km (200 mi long in central Arizona The city of Tempe has built two inflatable dams in the Salt River bed to create a year-round recreational lake, called Tempe Town Lake. Tempe Town Lake is an Artificial lake that occupies a portion of the normally Dry riverbed of the Salt River as it passes through the city of Tempe The dams are deflated to allow the river to flow unimpeded during releases.
The Phoenix area is surrounded by the McDowell Mountains to the northeast, the White Tank Mountains to the west, the Superstition Mountains far to the east, and the Sierra Estrella to the southwest. The McDowell Mountain Range is located about twenty miles north-east of Phoenix Arizona, and may be seen from most places throughout the city The White Tank Mountain Regional Park is a large Regional park located in west-central Maricopa County, Arizona. The Superstition Mountains, popularly referred to as "The Superstitions" or "The Supes" are a range of mountains in Arizona located to the east of the The Sierra Estrella is a Mountain range located southwest of Phoenix, Arizona. Within the city are the Phoenix Mountains and South Mountains. The Phoenix Mountains are a Mountain range located in central Phoenix, Arizona. The South Mountains (originally and still officially named the Salt River Mountains) known locally as simply South Mountain, is a mountain range in central Arizona Current development (as of 2005) is pushing beyond the geographic boundaries to the north and west, and south through Pinal County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 475. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 1 square miles (1,230. 5 km²); 474. 9 square miles (1,229. 9 km²) of it is land and 0. 2 square miles (0. 6 km², or 0. 05%) of it is water.
The Phoenix Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) (officially known as the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale MSA), is the 13th largest in the United States, with a total population of 4,039,182 as of the June 2006 update of the 2000 U.S. Census. Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced Mesa ( "MACE-uh") is a city in Maricopa County, in the U Scottsdale ( O'odham Vaṣai S-vaṣonĭ; Yaqui Eskatel) is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, See also Metropolitan Statistical Area, Core Based Statistical Area Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasThe United States Census Bureau has defined The United States Census is a decennial Census mandated by the United States Constitution. It includes the Arizona counties of Maricopa and Pinal. Maricopa County (ˌmɛɹɨˈkoʊ̪pə is located in the central part of the U Pinal County is located in the central part of the US state of Arizona. Other cities in the MSA include Mesa, Scottsdale, Glendale, Tempe, Chandler, Gilbert, and Peoria. Mesa ( "MACE-uh") is a city in Maricopa County, in the U Scottsdale ( O'odham Vaṣai S-vaṣonĭ; Yaqui Eskatel) is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, Glendale ( is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, located about nine miles northwest from Downtown Phoenix. Tempe (tɛmpiː Oidbaḍ in Pima) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, with a 2007 population of 174091 Chandler is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, and is a prominent suburb of the Phoenix Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA Gilbert is a large town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Peoria is a city located in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, with a small portion in Yavapai County. Several smaller communities are also included, such as Cave Creek, Queen Creek, Buckeye, Goodyear, Fountain Hills, Litchfield Park, Anthem, Sun Lakes, Sun City, Sun City West, Avondale, Surprise, El Mirage, Paradise Valley, and Tolleson. Cave Creek is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona in the United States. Queen Creek is a town in Maricopa and Pinal counties in the U Buckeye is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. Goodyear ( Pima: Valin Thak) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Fountain Hills is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. According to 2006 Census Bureau estimates the population of the town is 24669 Litchfield Park is a City in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Anthem is the result of a Del Webb development on a large parcel of land adjacent to the town of New River, Arizona, United States. Sun Lakes is a Census-designated place (CDP in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Sun City is a Census-designated place and unincorporated town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Sun City West is a Census-designated place (CDP in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Avondale is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. According to 2006 Census Bureau estimates the population of the city is 75403 Surprise is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. The population was 30848 at the 2000 census, however rapid growth has boosted the city's El Mirage is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Paradise Valley is a prestigious Affluent town in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. Tolleson /ˈtɑləsn̩/ is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The communities of Ahwatukee, Arcadia, Deer Valley, Laveen, Maryvale and others are part of the city of Phoenix, Ahwatukee being separated from the rest of the city by South Mountain. Ahwatukee (formally "Ahwatukee Foothills Village" is an L-shaped neighborhood of Phoenix Arizona bordered on the north by South Mountain Park and Baseline Laveen ( is an historically rural agricultural community situated eight miles southwest of downtown Phoenix Arizona, near the Confluence of the Gila
As with most of Arizona, Phoenix does not observe daylight savings time. Daylight saving time ( DST In 1973, Gov. Jack Williams argued to Congress that energy use would increase in the evening, as refrigeration units were not used as often in the morning on standard time. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses He went on to say that energy use would rise "because there would be more lights on in the early morning. " He was also concerned about children going to school in the dark, which indeed they were. [21] The exception to this are lands of the Navajo Nation in Northeastern Arizona, which observe daylight saving time in conjunction with the rest of their tribal lands in other states.
Climate
Phoenix has an arid climate, with very hot summers and temperate winters. In general terms the Climate of a local or region is said to be arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available Water, to the extent of hindering The average summer high temperature is among the hottest of any populated area in the United States and approaches those of cities such as Riyadh and Baghdad. Riyadh ( الرياض Ar-Riyāḍ) is the Capital of Saudi Arabia and its largest city Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous The temperature reaches or exceeds 100 °F (38 °C) on an average of 89 days during the year, including most days from early June through early September. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. On June 26, 1990, the temperature reached an all-time recorded high of 122°F (50°C). Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) [22]
Overnight lows greater than 80 °F (27 °C) occur frequently each summer, with the average July low being 83 °F (28 °C) and the average August low being 82 °F (28 °C). The all-time highest low temperature ever recorded was 96°F (36°C), which occurred on July 15, 2003. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Precipitation is sparse during a large part of the summer, but the influx of monsoonal moisture, which generally begins in early July and lasts until mid-September, raises humidity levels and can cause heavy localized precipitation and flooding. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Winter months are mild to warm, with daily high temperatures ranging from the mid-60's to low 70's, and low temperatures rarely dipping below 40.
Phoenix averages 85% of possible sunshine[23] and receives scant rainfall, the average annual total at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport being 8. Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport is a joint civil-military public Airport located three miles (5 km east of the Central business district of Phoenix 3 inches (210 mm). Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. March is the wettest month of the year (1. 07 inches or 27 mm) with June being the driest (0. 09 inches or 2 mm). Although thunderstorms are possible at any time of the year, they are most common during the monsoon from July to mid-September as humid air surges in from the Gulf of California. " Sea of Cortez " redirects here For the book by John Steinbeck, see The Log from the Sea of Cortez. These can bring strong winds, large hail, or rarely, tornadoes. Hail is a form of precipitation which consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice (hailstones A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus Winter storms moving inland from the Pacific Ocean occasionally produce significant rains but occur infrequently. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Fog is rare but can be observed from time to time during the winter months.
On average, Phoenix has only 5 days per year where the temperature drops to or below freezing. [24] The long-term mean date of the first frost is December 15 and the last is February 1; however, these dates do not represent the city as a whole because the frequency of freezes increases the further one moves outward from the urban heat island. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Frequently, outlying areas of Phoenix see frost, but the airport does not. The earliest frost on record occurred on November 3, 1946, and the latest occurred on April 4, 1945. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The all-time lowest recorded temperature in Phoenix was 16°F (-8. 8°C) on January 7, 1913. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Snow is extremely rare in the area. "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. Snowfall was first officially recorded in 1896, and since then, accumulations of 0. 1 inches (0. 25 cm) or greater have occurred only seven times. The heaviest snowstorm on record dates to January 20-January 21, 1937, when 1 to 4 inches (100 mm) fell (2 to 10 cm) in parts of the city and did not melt entirely for four days. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Before that, 1 inch (2. 5 cm) had fallen on January 20, 1933. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On February 2, 1939, 0. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 5 inches (1 cm) fell.
Most recently, 0. 4 inches (1 cm) fell on December 21-December 22, 1990. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Snow also fell on March 12, 1917, November 28, 1919, and December 11, 1985. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) [25][26]
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rec. high °F (°C) | 88 (31. 1) | 92 (33. 3) | 100 (37. 7) | 105 (40. 6) | 113 (45) | 122 (50) | 121 (49. 4) | 116 (46. 7) | 118 (47. 8) | 107 (41. 7) | 95 (35) | 88 (31. 1) |
| Avg high °F (°C) | 67 (19. 4) | 71 (21. 7) | 76 (24. 4) | 85 (29. 4) | 94 (34. 4) | 104 (40) | 107 (41. 7) | 105 (40. 6) | 99 (37. 2) | 88 (31. 1) | 75 (23. 9) | 67 (19. 4) |
| Avg low temperature °F (°C) | 45 (7. 2) | 48 (8. 9) | 53 (11. 7) | 58 (14. 4) | 67 (19. 4) | 76 (24. 4) | 83 (28. 3) | 82 (27. 8) | 76 (24. 4) | 62 (16. 7) | 50 (10) | 44 (6. 7) |
| Rec. low °F (°C) | 17 (-8. 3) | 25 (-3. 9) | 25 (-3. 9) | 37 (2. 7) | 40 (4. 4) | 51 (10. 6) | 66 (18. 9) | 61 (16. 1) | 47 (8. 3) | 34 (1. 1) | 27 (-2. 8) | 22 (-5. 6) |
| Avg precipitation in. (mm) | 0. 83 (21. 1) | 0. 77 (19. 6) | 1. 07 (27. 2) | 0. 25 (6. 4) | 0. 16 (4. 1) | 0. 09 (2. 3) | 0. 99 (25. 1) | 0. 94 (23. 9) | 0. 75 (19) | 0. 79 (20. 1) | 0. 73 (18. 5) | 0. 92 (23. 4) |
| Source: Weather. com [27] | ||||||||||||
Cityscape
The city of Phoenix is divided up into 15 urban villages. An urban village is an Urban planning and Urban design concept An urban village is an Urban planning and Urban design concept [28] Inside some of the Villages are well-known neighborhoods, or districts, which are listed as subpoints. These urban villages are: Ahwatukee Foothills, Alhambra, Camelback East, Central City, Deer Valley, Desert View, Encanto, Estrella, Laveen, Maryvale, North Gateway, North Mountain, Paradise Valley (not to be confused with the town of Paradise Valley), South Mountain and Rio Vista. Ahwatukee (formally "Ahwatukee Foothills Village" is an L-shaped neighborhood of Phoenix Arizona bordered on the north by South Mountain Park and Baseline Alhambra is one of the fifteen urban villages of Phoenix, Arizona. The Camelback East Village is one of the 15 villages that make up Phoenix Arizona. Central City Village is the Urban village of Phoenix, Arizona that comprises the downtown area of the city The Encanto Village is one of the 15 villages that make up Phoenix Arizona. Laveen ( is an historically rural agricultural community situated eight miles southwest of downtown Phoenix Arizona, near the Confluence of the Gila Paradise Valley is a prestigious Affluent town in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. Rio Vista Village is the newest of the fifteen urban villages of Phoenix, Arizona, located far to the north of the rest of the city Rio Vista was created as New Village in 2004 and is currently very sparsely populated, with no large amount of development expected in the near future. [29]
Commonly referred-to Phoenix regions and districts include Downtown, Midtown, West Phoenix, North Phoenix, South Phoenix, Biltmore Area, Arcadia, Sunnyslope, Ahwatukee. Downtown Phoenix is the Central business district of Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Central Avenue is a significant north-south thoroughfare in Phoenix Arizona. West Phoenix is a neighborhood of Phoenix Arizona. Maryvale is the predominant neighborhood of the near west side from about 35th Avenue west to 83rd Avenue and North/Northwest Phoenix is a region in Phoenix Arizona. While the area with this name has no official separate status it usually refers to the Urban Villages of Paradise Valley South Phoenix, also known as the South Mountain Village South Mountain District or SoMo is a neighborhood in Phoenix Arizona. Ahwatukee (formally "Ahwatukee Foothills Village" is an L-shaped neighborhood of Phoenix Arizona bordered on the north by South Mountain Park and Baseline
Demographics
| City of Phoenix Population by year[30] | |
| 1890 | 3,152 |
| 1900 | 5,544 |
| 1910 | 11,314 |
| 1920 | 29,053 |
| 1930 | 48,118 |
| 1940 | 65,414 |
| 1950 | 106,818 |
| 1960 | 439,170 |
| 1970 | 581,562 |
| 1980 | 789,704 |
| 1990 | 983,403 |
| 2000 | 1,321,045 |
| 2006 | 1,512,986 |
According to the 2000 census, there were 1,321,045 people, 865,834 households, and 407,450 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 2,782 people per square mile (1,074/km²). Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume There were 895,832 housing units at an average density of 1,044 per square mile (403/km²).
There were 865,834 households out of which 35. 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46. 9% were heterosexual married couples living together, 12. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34. 0% were non-families. 25. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 79 and the average family size was 3. 39.
In the city the population age distribution was 28. 9% under the age of 18, 10. 9% from 18 to 24, 33. 2% from 25 to 44, 18. 8% from 45 to 64, and 8. 1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 103. 5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102. 7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $41,207, and the median income for a family was $46,467. Males had a median income of $32,820 versus $27,466 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,833. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country 15. 8% of the population and 11. 5% of families were below the poverty line. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country Out of the total population, 21. 0% of those under the age of 18 and 10. 3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
As of 2000, the racial makeup of the Phoenix was 71. 1% White, 5. 1% African American, 2. 0% Native American, 2. 0% Asian, 0. 13% Pacific Islander, 16. 4% from other races, and 3. 3% from two or more races. 34. 1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. [31] Since the 2000 census, the non-Hispanic White population in Phoenix dropped below 50%, according to William Frey, a demographer with the Brookings Institution. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington D [32]
In 2000, the Phoenix metro area's religious composition was reported as 45% Catholic, 13% LDS (concentrated heavily in the suburb of Mesa) and 5% Jewish. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Mesa ( "MACE-uh") is a city in Maricopa County, in the U PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The remaining 37% are largely members of Protestant denominations or are unaffiliated. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. [33]
Economy
The early economy of Phoenix was primarily agricultural, dependent mainly on cotton and citrus farming. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Citrus is a common term and Genus of Flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of In the last two decades, the economy has diversified as rapidly as the population has grown. As the state capital of Arizona, many residents in the area are employed by the government. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Arizona State University has also enhanced the area's population through education and its growing research capabilities. Arizona State University ( ASU) is the largest public Research university in the United States under a single administration with total student Numerous high-tech and telecommunications companies have also recently relocated to the area. Due to the warm climate in winter, Phoenix benefits greatly from seasonal tourism and recreation, and has a particularly vibrant golf industry. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel
Phoenix is currently home to seven major Fortune 1000 companies: waste management company Allied Waste, electronics corporation Avnet, Apollo Group (which operates the University of Phoenix), mining company Freeport McMoRan, retailer PetSmart, energy supplier Pinnacle West and retailer CSK Auto. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 1000 companies Allied Waste Industries ( is a Fortune 1000 company headquartered in Phoenix Arizona. Avnet Inc ( is a technology Business-to-business B2B distributor headquartered in Phoenix Arizona. The University of Phoenix ( UPX) is a for-profit educational institution that specializes in Adult education. Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc, (FMCG) often called simply Freeport, is the world's lowest-cost Copper producer and one of the world's largest producers PetSmart Inc ( is a retail chain doing business in the United States and Canada engaged in the sale of specialty pet supplies and services such as Grooming CSK Auto Inc is the largest specialty Retailer of Automotive parts and accessories in the western United States and one of the largest retailers of such Honeywell hosts many factories for the building of military grade engines, as well as their company network gateway in Phoenix. Honeywell ( is a major American multinational conglomerate company that produces a variety of consumer products engineering services and aerospace systems Intel has one of their largest sites in Arizona, employing about 11,000 employees and 3 chip manufacturing fabs, including the $3 billion state-of-the-art 300 mm, 45nm Fab 32. American Express hosts their financial transactions, customer information, and their entire website in Phoenix. American Express ( sometimes known as " AmEx " or " Amex " is a diversified global Financial services company headquartered in The area is also home to US Airways Group, a Fortune 500 company located in Tempe also home to Insight Enterprises (also listed on the Fortune 500). US Airways Group Inc is the Tempe Arizona -based Airline Holding company that operates US Airways and US Airways Express. Tempe (tɛmpiː Oidbaḍ in Pima) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, with a 2007 population of 174091 Phoenix is also home to the headquarters of U-HAUL International, a rental company and moving supply store, as well Best Western, a hotel chain, is also headquartered in the city. U-Haul International Inc is a North American equipment Rental company, based in Phoenix Arizona, that has been in operation since 1945 Best Western International Inc claims to be the world's largest Hotel chain with over 4000 hotels in A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis
In recent years many Internet companies have found a home in Phoenix. Internet companies like Google, eBay, AOL, GoDaddy. com, IPowerWeb and Easynews all have offices located in Phoenix.
The military has a significant presence in Phoenix with Luke Air Force Base located in the western suburbs. Luke Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located seven miles (11 km west of the Central business district of Glendale, in Maricopa County At its height, in the 1940s, the Phoenix area had 3 military bases: Luke Field (still in use), Falcon Field, and Williams Air Force Base (now Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport), with numerous auxiliary air fields located throughout the region. For other airports with this name see Falcon Field. Falcon Field is a public Airport located five miles (8 km) northeast Williams Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force (USAF base located in Mesa, and about 30 miles southeast of Phoenix, Arizona.
- See also: List of major corporations in Phoenix
Culture
Phoenix and the surrounding area is home to a broad range of cultural activities including the performing arts, museums, and events. This is a listing of major corporations in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence
Performing Arts
Several performing arts venues are found throughout the Phoenix area, but primarily in and around downtown Phoenix and in Scottsdale. Downtown Phoenix is the Central business district of Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Scottsdale ( O'odham Vaṣai S-vaṣonĭ; Yaqui Eskatel) is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, One such venue is the Phoenix Symphony Hall, where performances from groups such as Arizona Opera and Ballet Arizona often occur. Symphony Hall is a multipurpose Performing arts venue located in Downtown Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Arizona Opera is an Opera company which operates in both Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona. Another venue is the Orpheum Theatre (Phoenix) which is home to the Phoenix Metropolitan Opera. The Orpheum Theatre is a small theatre (seating 1364 in downtown Phoenix. The Phoenix Metropolitan Opera is a professional opera company in Phoenix, Arizona and is an affiliate member of OPERA America. Concerts also regularly make stops in the area. A concert is a live Performance, usually of Music, before an Audience. Venues for concerts include the US Airways Center in downtown Phoenix, Jobing.com Arena in Glendale, and the Dodge theater (also in downtown Phoenix). US Airways Center (formerly America West Arena) is a sports and entertainment Arena located in Phoenix Arizona. Downtown Phoenix is the Central business district of Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Jobingcom Arena is a Sports and entertainment Arena located in Glendale Arizona. Glendale ( is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, located about nine miles northwest from Downtown Phoenix.
Museums
Several museums are scattered around the valley. A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the One of the most well-known museums in the area is the Heard Museum just north of downtown. The Heard Museum - the Heard Museum of Native Cultures and Art - is a museum located in Arizona, USA. Downtown Phoenix is the Central business district of Phoenix, Arizona, United States. From its start as a small museum, the Heard has grown in size and stature to where now it is recognized internationally for the quality of its collections of Native American art, its educational programming and its festivals. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States As of 2008, the collection of the Heard Museum consists of over 40,000 items, and it has over 130,000 square feet (12,000 m²) of gallery, classroom and performance space. Some of the signature exhibits include a full Navajo hogan, the Mareen Allen Nichols Collection containing 260 pieces of contemporary jewelry, the Barry Goldwater Collection of 437 historic Hopi kachina dolls, and an exhibit on the 19th century boarding school experiences of Native Americans. Navajo (sometimes spelled Navaho) or Diné, (means The People in Navajo) refers or relates to the Navajo people, currently A hogan (hoʊˈgɑːn from Navajo hooghan, hoːɣan is the primary traditional home of the Navajo people. The Hopi are Native American people who primarily live on the 12635 km² (2531 Kachinas (also spelled Katsina, the plural "katsinam" exist in Hopi and in Pueblo cosmology and religious practices The Heard Museum now attracts about 250,000 visitors a year.
Other notable museums include the Arizona Science Center, Fleischer Museum, Hall of Flame Firefighting Museum, Arizona Historical Society Museum, Phoenix Museum of History, the Phoenix Zoo, and the Pueblo Grande Museum and Cultural Park. Arizona Science Center is focused on inspiring educating and entertaining people about science The Phoenix Zoo, opened in 1962 is the largest non-profit Zoo in the United States
Sports
Phoenix is home to several professional sports franchises, including representatives of all four major professional sports leagues in the U.S. The first major franchise was the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA), which started play in 1968. The Phoenix Suns are a professional Basketball team based in Phoenix Arizona. In 1997, the Phoenix Mercury was one of the original eight teams to launch the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). The Phoenix Mercury is a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA team based in Phoenix Arizona and the current WNBA champions Both teams play at US Airways Center. The Phoenix Flame of the International Basketball League began play in the spring of 2007. The Arizona Flame are an International Basketball League team
The Arizona Cardinals moved to Phoenix from St. Louis, Missouri in 1988 and currently play in the NFL's National Football Conference – West Division. The Arizona Cardinals are a professional American football team based in Glendale Arizona, just outside of Phoenix. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The National Football Conference ( NFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL The NFC West is a division of the National Football League 's National Football Conference. The team, however, has never played in the city itself; they played at Sun Devil Stadium on the campus of Arizona State University in nearby Tempe until 2006. Sun Devil Stadium Frank Kush Field is an outdoor football Stadium located on the campus of Arizona State University in Tempe Arizona. Arizona State University ( ASU) is the largest public Research university in the United States under a single administration with total student Tempe (tɛmpiː Oidbaḍ in Pima) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, with a 2007 population of 174091 Sun Devil Stadium held Super Bowl XXX in 1996 when the Dallas Cowboys defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers. Super Bowl XXX was an American football game played on January 28, 1996 at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe Arizona to decide the The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team in the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference (NFC in the National The Cardinals now play at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale. University of Phoenix Stadium is a multipurpose football Stadium located in Glendale Arizona. Glendale ( is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, located about nine miles northwest from Downtown Phoenix. University of Phoenix Stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, in which the New York Giants defeated the New England Patriots. Super Bowl XLII featured the National Football Conference (NFC champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC champion New England Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The New York Giants are a professional American football team based in the New York City suburb of East Rutherford New Jersey. The New England Patriots, commonly called the " Pats " by sports writers and fans are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston It is also the home of the annual Tostitos Fiesta Bowl, a college football bowl game that is part of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS). The Fiesta Bowl, now sponsored by Tostitos tortilla chips is a United States College football Bowl game played annually since 1971 The Bowl Championship Series ( BCS) is a selection system designed to give the top two teams in the NCAA FBS Bowl Subdivision System an opportunity to compete in a "national
Phoenix also has an arena football team, the Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League. This article is about the sport of Arena Football See Arena Football (video game for the EA Sports Video game of the same name The Arizona Rattlers are an Arena Football League team based in Phoenix Arizona, that began play as a 1992 Expansion team. The Arena Football League (AFL was founded in 1987 as an American football indoor league. Games are played at US Airways Center downtown. US Airways Center (formerly America West Arena) is a sports and entertainment Arena located in Phoenix Arizona.
The Phoenix Coyotes of the National Hockey League moved to the area in 1996, and play at Jobing.com Arena, adjacent to University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale. The Phoenix Coyotes are a professional Ice hockey team based in Glendale Arizona, just outside of Phoenix. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America Jobingcom Arena is a Sports and entertainment Arena located in Glendale Arizona. The city also boasts a minor league hockey team, the Phoenix Roadrunners of the ECHL, who play at the US Airways Center. Minor leagues are professional Sports leagues which are not regarded as the premier leagues in those sports Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck The ECHL (formerly the East Coast Hockey League) is a Professional Ice hockey league based in Princeton New Jersey, with teams scattered This makes Phoenix one of the few cities where minor and major league teams in the same sport coexist.
The Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (National League West Division) began play as an expansion team in 1998. The Arizona Diamondbacks (also referred to as the D-backs) are a professional baseball team based in Phoenix Arizona. The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball The National League Western Division, or NL West, is one of the three divisions of Major League Baseball 's National League. The team plays at Chase Field (downtown). Chase Field is a Baseball Stadium located in downtown Phoenix Arizona, and is the home of the Arizona Diamondbacks of the In 2001, the Diamondbacks defeated the New York Yankees 4 games to 3 in the World Series, becoming not only the city's first professional sports franchise to win a national championship, but also the youngest expansion franchise in U. S. professional sports to ever do so.
Additionally, due to the favorable climate, nine Major League Baseball teams conduct spring training in the metro area, as well as nearby Tucson. In Major League Baseball, spring training is a series of practices and exhibition games preceding the start of the Regular season. Tucson (ˈtuːsɒn is the seat of Pima County Arizona, United States, located 118 miles (188 km) southeast These teams are collectively known as the Cactus League and are generally all from the west coast. In Major League Baseball, spring training is a series of practices and exhibition games preceding the start of the Regular season.
The Phoenix International Raceway is a major venue for two NASCAR auto racing events per season. Phoenix International Raceway, or just PIR, is a one mile Tri-oval race track located in Avondale Arizona. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. Boat racing, drag racing, and road course racing are also held at Firebird International Raceway. Drag racing is a competition in which objects compete to be the first to cross a set finish mark usually from a dead stop and in a straight line Road racing can be a term involving Road running, road bicycle races, or Automobile races Sprint car racing is held at Manzanita Speedway. Sprint cars are high-powered race cars designed primarily for the purpose of running on short oval or circular dirt or paved tracks The Manzanita Speedway is a Dirt track racing facility located in the rural southwestern part of Phoenix Arizona.
Phoenix has also hosted the Insight Bowl at Chase Field until 2005, after which it moved to nearby Tempe, as well as several major professional golf events, including the LPGA's Safeway International and The Tradition of the Champions Tour. The Insight Bowl is an NCAA -sanctioned Division I-A post-season American College football Bowl game played in Arizona since 1989 Chase Field is a Baseball Stadium located in downtown Phoenix Arizona, and is the home of the Arizona Diamondbacks of the Tempe (tɛmpiː Oidbaḍ in Pima) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, with a 2007 population of 174091 The LPGA, in full the Ladies Professional Golf Association, is an American organization for female professional Golfers The organization whose headquarters are The Safeway International, in full Safeway International Presented by Coca-Cola, is an annual golf tournament for professional female golfers on the LPGA Tour. The Tradition is one of the five major championships recognized by the U The Champions Tour, a Golf tour run by the PGA Tour, hosts a series of events annually Phoenix was originally scheduled to host the 2006 NHL All-Star Game, but it was canceled due to the 2006 Winter Olympics (the recently adopted NHL collective bargaining agreement prohibits the All-Star Game to be held during Olympic years). The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Collective bargaining is the process whereby workers organize together to meet converse and compromise upon the work environment with their employers Instead, Phoenix will host the 2009 All-Star Game.
Phoenix's Ahwatukee American Little League reached the 2006 Little League World Series as the representative from the U. Little League Baseball is the name of a Non-profit organization in the United States which organizes local children's leagues of baseball and Softball The Little League World Series is a Baseball Tournament for children aged 11 12 and 13 years old S. West region. Phoenix is one of the three cities that hosts the annual Rock 'n' Roll Arizona Marathon in January. The Rock 'n' Roll Arizona Marathon, also known as P F Chang's Rock 'n' Roll Arizona Marathon, is a marathon and half-marathon race held annually in Arizona on the
As of 2007 Phoenix is the largest North American city not to contain a team in any of the four tiers of professional soccer. There is a plan to try and bring Major League Soccer to the city in the shape of the proposed team Phoenix Rising. Major League Soccer ( MLS) is the top-flight professional Soccer league in the United States and Canada with 14 teams 13 in the U Phoenix is currently one of thirteen cities across the United States and Canada that are aiming to claim one of two places scheduled to be made available through expansion before 2010. The plan currently includes a suggested $150 million 25,000-seat soccer specific stadium with a retractable roof. Soccer-specific stadium (or football-specific stadium) is a term used mainly in the United States and Canada, coined by Lamar Hunt, to refer
- See also: U.S. cities with teams from four major sports. There are 13 US cities with teams from four major sports where "city" is defined as the entire metropolitan area and " Major professional sports leagues
Parks and recreation
Phoenix is home to a large number of parks and recreation areas. Many waterparks are scattered around the valley to help residents cope with the harsh desert heat during the summer months. See List of waterparks (for a list of all waterparks in the world A waterpark is an Amusement park that features waterplay areas such A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. Some of the notable parks include Big Surf in Tempe, Waterworld Safari in Glendale, Golfland SunSplash in Mesa, and the Oasis Water Park at Pointe South Mountain Resort in Phoenix. Tempe (tɛmpiː Oidbaḍ in Pima) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, with a 2007 population of 174091 Glendale ( is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, located about nine miles northwest from Downtown Phoenix. Mesa ( "MACE-uh") is a city in Maricopa County, in the U The area also has one amusement park in central Phoenix called Castles N' Coasters, next to the Metrocenter Mall. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group Castles N' Coasters is an Amusement park in Phoenix Arizona.
Many parks have been established to preserve the desert landscape in areas that would otherwise quickly be developed with commercial and residential zoning. The most noteworthy park is South Mountain Park, the world's largest municipal park with 16,500 acres (67 km²); others include Camelback Mountain, Boyce Thompson Arboretum State Park and Sunnyslope Mountain, also known as "S" Mountain. South Mountain Park in Phoenix Arizona is the largest city park in the United States, one of the largest Urban parks in North America and An urban park, also known as a municipal park (North America or a public park or open space (United Kingdom is a Park in cities and other Camelback Mountain is a Mountain of elevation in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Boyce Thompson Arboretum State Park is an Arizona State park located in Superior Arizona near Phoenix Arizona in the United States Sunnyslope Mountain aka "S" Mountain is a large rocky nearly symmetrical hill in the North Phoenix Arizona Sunnyslope area The Desert Botanical Garden displays desert plantlife from deserts all over the world. The Desert Botanical Garden is a 140 Acre (20 ha) Botanical garden located within Papago Park in Phoenix Arizona, USA Encanto Park is the city's largest and primary urban park, and lies just northwest of downtown Phoenix. Coordinates: Encanto Park is a public Park in central Phoenix Arizona Papago Park in east Phoenix is home to both the Desert Botanical Garden and the Phoenix Zoo, as well as a few golf courses. Papago (/ˈpæpəˌgo/ Park is a municipal park of the cities of Phoenix and Tempe Arizona, USA. The Phoenix Zoo, opened in 1962 is the largest non-profit Zoo in the United States
Media
- See also: List of radio stations in Arizona, List of films shot in Phoenix. The following is a list of FCC -licensed Radio stations in the U This is a list of movies that were filmed in the US state of Arizona.
The first newspaper in Phoenix was the weekly Salt River Valley Herald, which later changed its name to the Phoenix Herald in 1880.
Today, the city is served by two major daily newspapers: The Arizona Republic (serving the greater metropolitan area) and the East Valley Tribune (serving primarily the cities of the East Valley). The Arizona Republic is a daily newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. The East Valley Tribune is a daily newspaper serving the East Valley region of metropolitan Phoenix, including Mesa, Tempe, Chandler In addition, the city is also served by numerous free neighborhood papers and weeklies such as the Phoenix New Times, Arizona State University's The State Press, and the College Times. The Phoenix New Times is a free weekly Phoenix Arizona newspaper put out every Thursday Arizona State University ( ASU) is the largest public Research university in the United States under a single administration with total student The State Press is the independent student-operated newspaper of Arizona State University. For 40 years, The Bachelor's Beat, a paid weekly newspaper, has covered local politics while selling ads for area strip clubs and escort services. The Bachelor's Beat is a paid-circulation Tabloid -style weekly Newspaper published in Phoenix Arizona, United States.
The Phoenix metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 12th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U. A media market, broadcast market, media region, designated market area, DMA or simply market is a region where the Population S. with 1,802,550 homes (1. 6% of the total U. S. ). [34] The major network television affiliates are KPNX 12 (NBC), KNXV 15 (ABC), KPHO 5 (CBS), KSAZ 10 (FOX), KUTP 45 (MNTV), KASW 61 (CW) and KAET 8 (PBS, operated by ASU). KPNX is a full-service television station serving the Phoenix Arizona television market as the NBC affiliate The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's KNXV-TV, channel 15 is the ABC television affiliate in Phoenix Arizona. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. KPHO-TV, channel 5 is the CBS affiliate television station in Phoenix Arizona. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. KSAZ-TV is the owned-and-operated Fox station in Phoenix Arizona. KUTP, channel 45 is a MyNetworkTV -affiliated station in Phoenix Arizona. MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated MyNet or MNT) is a Television network in the United States, owned by the Fox Broadcasting Company KASW is a Television station licensed to Phoenix Arizona. KASW uses channel 61 for analog service channel 49 for digital television under a The CW Television Network ( The CW) is a Television network in the United States launched at the beginning of the 2006-2007 television season. KAET is a full-service Television station in Phoenix Arizona, owned by the Arizona Board of Regents and operated by Arizona State University (ASU The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the Arizona State University ( ASU) is the largest public Research university in the United States under a single administration with total student Other network television affiliates operating in the area include KPAZ 21 (TBN), KTVW 33 (Univision), KTAZ 39 (Telemundo), KDPH 48 (Daystar), and KPPX 51 (ION). KPAZ-TV is a Trinity Broadcasting Network -owned and operated television station in Phoenix Arizona. The Trinity Broadcasting Network ( TBN) is a Christian television network headquartered in Costa Mesa California with studios in Irving Texas For the former KTVW-TV in Seattle Washington, see KCPQ. KTVW-TV is a Univision - Owned and operated station Univision is a Spanish-language television network in the United States and Puerto Rico. KTAZ is a NBC Telemundo owned-and-operated television station in Phoenix Arizona, broadcasting in analog on UHF channel Telemundo is an American television network based in Hialeah Florida a suburb of Miami Florida. KDPH-LP is a low-power television station in Phoenix Arizona, owned and operated by Community Television Educators Inc The Daystar Television Network is a Christian television network and is headquartered near Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex in Bedford Texas. KPPX is a full-service Television station licensed to Tolleson Arizona and serving the Phoenix metropolitan area from its transmitter on South Mountain Ion Television is a broadcast television network first broadcast on August 31 1998 KTVK 3 (3TV) and KAZT 7 (AZ-TV) are independent television stations operating in the metro area. KTVK (known on-air as 3TV) is a full-service independent Television station in Phoenix Arizona. AZTV redirects here For the Virginia network of stations see WAZT-CA. KAZT broadcasts in digital format only.
The radio airwaves in Phoenix cater to a wide variety of musical and talk radio interests.
Several major feature films have been filmed in the city, including Waiting to Exhale, Song of the South, The Gauntlet, Psycho, Raising Arizona, Jerry Maguire, The Prophecy, Used Cars, Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (used as a stand-in for San Dimas, California), U Turn, Eight Legged Freaks, Private Lessons, Blue Collar Comedy Tour: The Movie, Never Been Thawed, Just One of the Guys, Terminal Velocity, Taxi, and The Banger Sisters. In the Film industry, a feature film is a Film made for initial distribution in theaters and being the "main attraction" of the screening Waiting to Exhale is a 1995 Romance film which stars Whitney Houston and Angela Bassett and directed by Forest Whitaker Song of the South is a feature film produced by Walt Disney, released on November 12, 1946, by RKO Radio Pictures and based on the The Gauntlet is a 1977 Action film directed by and starring Clint Eastwood. Psycho is a suspense / Horror film directed by auteur Alfred Hitchcock, from the Screenplay by Joseph Raising Arizona is a 1987 Coen Brothers Comedy film starring Nicolas Cage, Holly Hunter, William Forsythe Jerry Maguire is a 1996 American comedy-drama film starring Tom Cruise, Cuba Gooding Jr The Prophecy, released in Europe as God's Army is a 1995 Horror film starring Elias Koteas, Virginia Madsen Used Cars is a 1980 Comedy satire film It stars Kurt Russell, Jack Warden (in a Dual role) Deborah Harmon Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure ( 1989) is an American comedy / Science fiction Movie in which two Slackers San Dimas is a city located in Los Angeles County California. U Turn is a 1997 Neo-noir / Drama film directed by Oliver Stone, based on the book Stray Dogs by John Ridley. Eight Legged Freaks is a 2002 horror/comedy film directed by Ellory Elkayem and stars David Arquette, Kari Wührer, Scarlett Johansson and Private Lessons is the title of an American comedy film released in 1981 Blue Collar Comedy Tour The Movie is a theatrically released stand-up comedy film from Warner Bros Never Been Thawed (sometimes referred to as NBT Never Been Thawed) is an independent film released in 2005 to a modest amount of media Just One of the Guys is a 1985 Comedy film, directed by Lisa Gottlieb. Terminal Velocity is a 1994 Action movie starring Charlie Sheen as a daredevil skydiver who becomes mixed up with Russian Taxi is a 2004 American Remake of the 1998 Luc Besson -penned Gérard Pirès directed French film The Banger Sisters ( 2002) is an American Comedy film produced by 20th Century Fox about the reunion of two middle-aged women who used to be friends [35]
Government
Being the capital of Arizona, Phoenix houses the state legislature. The Arizona Legislature is the state legislature of the US state of Arizona. In 1913, the commission form of government was adopted. The city of Phoenix is served by a city council consisting of a mayor and eight city council members. A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. The following is a list of the Mayors of Phoenix Arizona. The mayor is elected At Large, to a four-year term. Phoenix City Council members are elected to four-year terms by voters in each of the eight separate districts that they represent. The Phoenix City Council includes the mayor and 8 councilmen Each councilman is elected from a different district of the city of Phoenix. The current mayor of Phoenix is Phil Gordon, who was elected to a four-year term in 2003 and re-elected to an additional four-year term in 2007. Phil Gordon (born April 18, 1951 in Chicago Illinois) is an American Democratic party Politician, and the 51st and current The mayor and city council members have equal voting power to adopt ordinances and set the policies that govern the city.
Phoenix operates under a council-manager form of government, with a strong City Manager supervising all City departments and executing policies adopted by the Council. In the council-manager form of government an elected city council (typically between five and 11 people is responsible for making Policy, passing Ordinances voting Appropriations A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a City, in a council-manager form of city government
- See also: List of mayors of Phoenix, Arizona
Corporate subsidies controversy
In February 2007 the city of Phoenix voted to give Klutznick Co. The following is a list of the Mayors of Phoenix Arizona. , the developer of the CityNorth mall, a $97. Situated in the Northeast Valley of Phoenix Arizona, CityNorth will be an urban Mixed-use development featuring retail restaurant residential hotel office cultural 4 million sales tax subsidy. A sales tax is a Consumption tax charged at the Point of purchase for certain goods and services [36] The subsidy was the largest, at the time, in the history of Arizona. The CityNorth subsidy created enough public outrage that the Arizona State Legislature voted to ban sales tax subsidies in Pinal and Maricopa county (although there is an unenforced constitutional ban already) [37]
The City of Phoenix was sued by the Goldwater Institute, which is trying to eliminate corporate subsidies statewide by enforcing the constitutional ban on corporate subsidies. In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy The Goldwater Institute is a Phoenix Arizona -based public policy think-tank established in 1988. The Goldwater Institute lost its case against the CityNorth development and the City of Phoenix. Currently, both the city and the developer are seeking recovery of legal fees from the suit. [38]
Education
Public education in the Phoenix area is provided by over 30 school districts. [39] The Phoenix Union High School District operates most of the public high schools in the city of Phoenix. Phoenix Union High School District is a School district based in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Charter schools such as North Pointe Preparatory School also exist.
The main institution of higher education in the area is Arizona State University, with campuses located in Tempe, Northwest Phoenix (ASU West Campus), Downtown Phoenix (ASU Downtown Campus) and Mesa (ASU Polytechnic Campus). Arizona State University ( ASU) is the largest public Research university in the United States under a single administration with total student Tempe (tɛmpiː Oidbaḍ in Pima) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, with a 2007 population of 174091 Arizona State University at the West Campus is one of four university campuses that compose Arizona State University. Arizona State University at Downtown Phoenix is one of four campuses of Arizona State University. Mesa ( "MACE-uh") is a city in Maricopa County, in the U Arizona State University (ASU Polytechnic is one of four Campuses of Arizona State University. ASU is currently one of the largest public universities in the U. S. , with a 2007 student enrollment of 64,394. There are also small satellite offices for The University of Arizona (based in Tucson) and Northern Arizona University (based in Flagstaff) located in Phoenix. The University of Arizona (also referred to as UA, U of A, or Arizona) is a Land-grant and space-grant public institution Tucson (ˈtuːsɒn is the seat of Pima County Arizona, United States, located 118 miles (188 km) southeast Northern Arizona University (NAU is a Public university in Flagstaff Arizona in the United States. Flagstaff (Kinłání is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States
Grand Canyon University is the nations only private, for profit, Christian University. Grand Canyon University ( GCU) Founded in 1949 Grand Canyon University is a private, for-profit accredited Christian university located in Phoenix Initially a public school started in 1949, it was purchased by three investors who brought it out of bankruptcy. Since the takeover in 2004, enrollment has increased each year. It currently has over 10,000 students, almost 85% attend the school online.
Thunderbird School of Global Management, is regarded as a leading institution in the education of global managers and has operations in the United States (Glendale), Switzerland, Czech Republic, Russia, Mexico, Central and South America and China, and was ranked No. Thunderbird School of Global Management is a private Business school in the United States, and the first and oldest graduate school specializing in international 1 in international business by The Wall Street Journal's poll of corporate recruiters, U. S. News and World Report, and the Financial Times. [40]
The fast growing Western Governors University opened a business office in Phoenix in 2006. Western Governors University ( WGU) is a Non-profit, Online University. WGU is an online non-profit university. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage Governor Napolitano is on the WGU board.
The University of Phoenix is also headquartered in Phoenix. The University of Phoenix ( UPX) is a for-profit educational institution that specializes in Adult education. This is the nation's largest private, for-profit university with over 130,000 students at campuses throughout the United States (including Puerto Rico), Canada, Mexico, and the Netherlands. For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands
University of Advancing Technology is a small private technology oriented school. University of Advancing Technology (UAT is a for-profit, family owned institution of Higher education located in Tempe Arizona as a single campus Their newly expanded campus is located on Baseline Road in Tempe, bordering Phoenix. Collins College (a private, for-profit career college focusing on design and technology) does not have a campus, and instead rent apartments from apartment complexes, in which students can live. Collins College is a private career-focused college that specializes in the fields of Visual Arts and Design The school is located in Tempe, with a branch campus in Phoenix.
DeVry University and Argosy University operate post-secondary schools on the west side of Phoenix. DeVry University and DeVry Institute of Technology are divisions of Devry Inc
There are also ten community colleges and two skills centers throughout Maricopa County, providing adult education and job training. The Maricopa County Community College District, in Maricopa County Arizona, is one of the largest Community college districts in the Maricopa County (ˌmɛɹɨˈkoʊ̪pə is located in the central part of the U
Transportation
Air
Phoenix is served by Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX), which is centrally located in the metro area near several major freeway interchanges east of downtown Phoenix. Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport is a joint civil-military public Airport located three miles (5 km east of the Central business district of Phoenix An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many The ICAO (ˌaɪˌkeɪˈoʊ Airport code or location indicator is a four-letter Alphanumeric Code designating each airport around Sky Harbor is the ninth-busiest airport in the U. S. and 18th in the world[41] for passenger traffic, handling more than 41 million travelers in 2006. The airport serves more than 100 cities with non-stop flights. [42] Aeromexico, Air Canada, British Airways, and WestJet are among several international carriers as well as American carrier US Airways providing flights to destinations such as Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Aerovías de México SA de CV, operating as AeroMéxico, is an Airline based in Mexico City, Mexico. Air Canada () is Canada 's largest Airline and Flag carrier. The airline founded in 1937 has had its corporate headquarters in Montreal British Airways plc ( is the national Airline and Flag carrier of the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe WestJet Airlines Ltd ( is a Canadian Low-cost carrier based in Calgary Alberta, that flies to most major cities in Canada and serves destinations US Airways Inc is the fifth largest Airline in the United States. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located [43]
The Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (IATA: AZA, ICAO: KIWA) in neighboring Mesa also serves the area's commercial air traffic. An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many The ICAO (ˌaɪˌkeɪˈoʊ Airport code or location indicator is a four-letter Alphanumeric Code designating each airport around Mesa ( "MACE-uh") is a city in Maricopa County, in the U It was converted from Williams Air Force Base, which closed in 1993. Williams Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force (USAF base located in Mesa, and about 30 miles southeast of Phoenix, Arizona. The airport has recently received substantial commercial service with Allegiant Air opening a focus city operation at the airport with non-stop service to over a dozen destinations.
Smaller airports that primarily handle private and corporate jets include Phoenix Deer Valley Airport (IATA: DVT, ICAO: KDVT), located in the Deer Valley district of northwest Phoenix, as well as municipal airports in several area suburbs. Phoenix Deer Valley Airport is a public Airport located 15 miles (24 km) north of the Central business district of Phoenix, a city in An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many The ICAO (ˌaɪˌkeɪˈoʊ Airport code or location indicator is a four-letter Alphanumeric Code designating each airport around
Public transportation
Public transportation throughout the metropolitan area is provided by Valley Metro, which operates a system of buses and a rideshare program. About Valley Metro Organization Contrary to popular belief Valley Metro does not actually operate the majority of transit services in the region it is considered Valley Metro is currently building METRO Rail, a light rail project, which is scheduled for completion in 2008. METRO Light Rail is a Light rail system currently under construction in the cities of Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa, Arizona For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. As of 2004 (when Houston, Texas started running its METRO light rail), Phoenix has been the largest US city devoid of a rail transit system. The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County Texas (METRO operates Bus, Light rail, future Commuter rail, and METROLift (paratransit service in For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. Interest has also been expressed in Phoenix and several neighboring cities for the creation of a commuter rail system operating on existing railroad lines. Commuter rail, regional rail or suburban rail is a Passenger rail transport service between a city center and outer suburbs and Commuter towns [44]
Amtrak no longer serves Phoenix Union Station; Phoenix is the largest city in the United States without intercity passenger rail service. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 The Sunset Limited and Texas Eagle stop three times a week at Maricopa, thirty miles south of downtown Phoenix. The Sunset Limited is a Passenger train that for most of its history has run between New Orleans and Los Angeles California, and that from early The Texas Eagle is a 1306-mile (2102 km Passenger train route operated by Amtrak in the central and western United States. Maricopa is a City in Pinal County, Arizona, United States, thirty miles south of Phoenix in the Gila River Valley (For shuttle and other travel information, see the Texas Eagle site). Amtrak Thruway buses connect Sky Harbor to Flagstaff for connection with the daily Southwest Chief service to Los Angeles and Chicago. Flagstaff (Kinłání is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States The Southwest Chief (formerly the Southwest Limited) is a Passenger train operated by Amtrak along a 2256-mile (3631-km route through Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Phoenix is served by Greyhound bus service, with the station at 24th Street located near the airport. Greyhound Lines is an intercity Common carrier of passengers by Bus serving over 3700 destinations in the United States.
Bicycle transportation
Bicycle transportation is also an option, and the Maricopa Association of Governments has a bicycle advisory committee working to improve conditions for bicycling on city streets as well as off-road paths. [45]
Major streets
The street system in Phoenix is laid out in a traditional grid system, with most roads oriented either North-South or East-West. This is about the direction for other uses see North (disambiguation. South is one of Cardinal directions and is opposite to the North. The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST internal designation HT-7U is an experimental Superconducting Tokamak Magnetic fusion energy This article refers to the cardinal direction for other uses see West (disambiguation. The zero point is the intersection of Central Avenue and Washington Street. Numbered Avenues run north–south west of Central; numbered Streets run north–south east of Central. Major arterial streets are spaced one mile (1. 6 km) apart. The one-mile (1. 6 km) blocks are divided into approximately 800 house numbers, although this varies. Scottsdale Road, being 7200 East, is approximately 7200 / 800 = 9 miles (14 km) east of Central. The Valley Metro bus numbers are also based on this numbering system, with the Central Avenue bus being Route Zero, and Scottsdale Road being Route 72.
Freeways and expressways
Phoenix is served by a growing network of freeways, many of which were initiated by a ½ cent general sales tax measure approved by voters in 1985. Before this network, Interstate 10 and Interstate 17 handled almost all freeway traffic in Phoenix, placing a large burden on surface arterial streets, leading to increased traffic congestion as the area grew in size. In the US state of Arizona, Interstate 10 is the major east-west Interstate Highway in the Southern United States, runs east from California Interstate 17 (I-17, also known as Black Canyon Freeway is an intrastate Interstate highway located entirely within the state of Arizona, United
The current freeway system comprises two interstate routes (I-10 and I-17), the nearly transcontinental US 60, and several state highways as well – including SR 51, SR 85, Loop 101, SR 143, and Loop 202. US Route 60 is an east-west United States highway within Arizona. State Route 51 ( SR 51) also known as the Piestewa Freeway, is a numbered State highway in Phoenix, Arizona. State Route 85, or SR 85, is a State highway in the US state of Arizona. State Route 101, or Loop 101, (spoken as one-oh-one is a semi- Beltway encompassing much of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area in the United States State Route 143, also known as SR 143 and the Hohokam Expressway, is a north-south and access-controlled Freeway in Maricopa County, State Route 202, or Loop 202, is the Beltway encompassing the eastern Phoenix, Arizona, United States Metropolitan area
Eventually, several other state highways (Loop 303, SR 801, and SR 802) will make their way into the system as they are needed. State Route 303, also known as Loop 303 and Estrella Freeway, is a state highway that was maintained by Maricopa County in central Arizona serving State Route 801 (SR 801, also known as the I-10 Reliever, is a planned State highway in the southwest parts of Phoenix Arizona and nearby suburbs State Route 802 (SR 802, also known as the Williams Gateway Freeway, is a planned Freeway in the extreme southeastern region of the Phoenix Metropolitan
Sister cities
Phoenix, Arizona has ten sister cities, as designated by the Phoenix Sister Cities Commission:[46]
See also
- List of famous people from the Phoenix metropolitan area
- Phoenix Lights
- Sheriff Joe Arpaio's Tent City
References
- ^ "[1]. Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Catania ( Greek: &ndash Katánē; Latin: Catăna and Catĭna; Arabic: Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest ( located in southwest People's Republic of China, is the capital of Sichuan province and a Sub-provincial city. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Ennis ( is the County town of Clare in Ireland. Situated on the River Fergus, it lies north of Limerick and south of Galway Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Grenoble is a city and commune in south-east France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac joins the Isère River. Rhône-Alpes ( Franco-Provençal: Rôno-Arpes; Occitan: Ròse Aups) is one of the 26 regions of France, located on the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Sonora is one of the 31 federal states of Mexico and is located in the northwest of the country The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kinki region on Honshū Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Ramat Gan (רָמַת גַּן is a city in the Tel Aviv district of Israel, which borders Tel Aviv to its west For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Taipei ( Taiwanese Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak-chhī Jhuyin Fuhao: ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄕˋ Hakka: Thòi-pet-sṳ has been the capital of REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES This is a list of notable individuals who were either born raised or otherwise rose to prominence in the Phoenix Arizona metropolitan area The Phoenix Lights, sometimes referred to as "the Lights over Phoenix " is the popular name given to a series of optical phenomena and sightings that took place in Joseph M Arpaio (born June 14, 1932 in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States) is a law enforcement officer and the Sheriff The term tent city is used to describe a variety of temporary housing facilities made using Tents. " United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 2005. Retrieved on June 27, 2007. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b Population Estimates for the 25 Largest U.S. Cities based on July 1, 2006 Population Estimates. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Munro, P et al. A Mojave Dictionary Los Angeles: UCLA, 1992
- ^ Find a County. National Association of Counties. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (CBSA-EST2006-01), United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on April 5, 2007. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b "Out of the Ashes, Early Life along the Salt River. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Tempe history timeline. " 1866 entry discussing early farm camp. Tempe Historical Museum. Retrieved on January 20, 2008. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ "Out of the Ashes, Phoenix is Born. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Out of the Ashes, Selecting a Townsite. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ a b "Out of the Ashes, The Great Sale. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Out of the Ashes, Whole Town Worth $550. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Out of the Ashes, Incorporation in 1881. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ a b "Out of the Ashes, Transportation: Horses and Rails. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
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- ^ "Out of the Ashes, Roosevelt and Reclamation. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Out of the Ashes, Establishing a Council-Manager Government. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ a b "Out of the Ashes, Growing into a Metropolis. " City of Phoenix. Retrieved on November 26, 2006. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "The 1980 "Hattie B." Flood Relief Train. " Retrieved on January 19, 2008. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ In Pictures: America's Fastest-Growing Cities from [2]
- ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ "Arizona does not need daylight saving time. " Arizona Daily Star. Published on May 19, 2005. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on December 15, 2006. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Phoenix 100 Degree Temperature Facts. " National Weather Service - Phoenix. Retrieved on December 15, 2006. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ WXPART4
- ^ Mean Number of Days With Minimum Temperature 32 °F (0 °C) or Less. National Climatic Data Center. The United States National Climatic Data Center ( NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina is the world's largest active Archive of June 23, 2004. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Last Retrieved February 16, 2006. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Phoenix Snowfall History. " National Weather Service - Phoenix. Retrieved on December 15, 2006. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Source: U. S. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N. C. ; a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- ^ Average Weather for Phoenix, AZ - Temperature and Precipitation. Weather. com. Retrieved on 2007-11-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers
- ^ "Village Planning Committees. " Phoenix City Government. January 9, 2007. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on February 22, 2007. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Village Planning Committees. " Phoenix City Government. March 21, 2008. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on April 15, 2008. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Gibson, Campbell. "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990. " United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census June 1998. Retrieved on October 7, 2006. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Phoenix (city) MapStats from FedStats
- ^ Changing Face of Western Cities
- ^ Religion demographic data from The Association of Religion Data Archives.
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- ^ "Titles with locations including Phoenix, Arizona, USA. " IMDb. Retrieved on May 3, 2007. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Cities backtracking on no-incentives pledges
- ^ Tax-incentive bill draws praise, criticism
- ^ Michael Clancy, Legal fees latest twist in CityNorth battle, The Arizona Republic, April 23, 2008
- ^ "Schools in Phoenix. The Arizona Republic is a daily newspaper published in Phoenix, Arizona. " Phoenix.gov.
- ^ FT REPORT - BUSINESS EDUCATION: A LEAGUE OF THEIR OWN: THE TOP TEN SCHOOLS IN SELECTED CATEGORIES "Best in international business: 1. - Thunderbird"
- ^ "Airports Council International Passenger Traffic, 2006 Final. " Airports Council International. Retrieved on August 8, 2007. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Sky Harbor International Airport Domestic Destinations. " Sky Harbor International Airport. Retrieved on August 8, 2007. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Sky Harbor International Airport International Destinations. " Sky Harbor International Airport. Retrieved on August 8, 2007. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Staff Writer. "A Brief History of Public Transportation in Metro Phoenix. " Arizona Rail Passenger Association. Retrieved on January 2, 2007. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "MAG Regional Bike Map 2005. " Maricopa Association of Governments. Retrieved on April 21, 2006. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Sister Cities information obtained from the Phoenix Sister Cities Commission. " Retrieved on April 21, 2006. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
External links
- Official Government Website
- Greater Phoenix Chamber of Commerce
- Greater Phoenix Convention & Visitors Bureau
- Phoenix Public Library
- Video Tour of Phoenix, Arizona
- USGS --Phoenix Elevation
- Phoenix, Arizona is at coordinates Coordinates:
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