| Republika ng Pilipinas Republic of the Philippines | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Motto: Maka-Diyos, Makatao, Makakalikasan, at Makabansa (English: "For God, For People, For Nature and For Country") | ||||||
| Anthem: Lupang Hinirang "Chosen Land" | ||||||
 | ||||||
| Capital | Manila | |||||
| Largest city | Quezon City | |||||
| Official languages | Filipino and English | |||||
| Recognised regional languages | Bikol, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Waray-Waray[1] | |||||
| Demonym | Filipino, Pinoy, Pilipino | |||||
| Government | Unitary presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo | ||||
| - | Vice President | Noli de Castro | ||||
| Independence | from Spain from United States | |||||
| - | Established | March 16, 1521 | ||||
| - | Declared | June 12, 1898 | ||||
| - | Self-government | March 24, 1934 | ||||
| - | Independence recognized | July 4, 1946 | ||||
| - | Current constitution | February 2, 1987 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 300,000 km² [2](72nd) 115,831 sq mi | ||||
| - | Water (%) | 0. The Coat of Arms of the Philippines features the eight-rayed sun of the Philippines with each ray representing the eight provinces ( Batangas, Bulacan A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Lupang Hinirang is the National anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julian Felipe, with lyrics in Spanish The City of Manila According to the 2000 Census the population of the Philippines was 76504077 Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A regional language is a Language spoken in an area of a Nation state, whether it be a small area a federal State or Province, or For the macrolanguage Bikol see Bikol languages. Bikol refers to Central Bicolano (also known as Bikol Central "Cebuano" redirects here For the inhabitants of Cebu see Cebuano people Cebuano (Cebuano Sinugbuanon, "language To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page Hiligaynon (or " Ilonggo " is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. Kapampangan is one of the major Languages of the Philippines. The Pangasinan language (Pangasinan salitan Pangasinan; Spanish: idioma pangasinense, sometimes called Panggalatok belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. Wáray-Wáray or Waráy (commonly spelled as Waray; also referred to as Winaray or L(ineyte-Samarnon) is a language spoken in the provinces A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. Pinoy is a Demonym referring to Filipino people in the United States, the Philippines and around the world. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A unitary state is a State whose three Organs of state are governed Constitutionally as one single unit with one Constitutionally created A presidential system is a System of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term separately from the Legislature A constitutional Republic is a State where the Head of state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people and A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. The Vice President of the Philippines is the second highest executive official of the Philippine government Manuel Leuterio de Castro Jr (born July 6, 1949) better known as Noli de Castro, is a Politician and former broadcast journalist in the This article is about a late 19th-century revolution For a late 20th-century event also referred to as Philippine Revolution see People Power Revolution. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Timeline of Philippine history The History of The Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via Land bridges at least Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king The Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred on June 12, 1898 in the Philippines, where Filipino Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Tydings-McDuffie Act (officially the Philippine Independence Act; Public Law 73-127 approved on March 24, 1934 was a United States federal law Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Treaty of Manila (1946 is a treaty of general relations signed on July 4, 1946 in Manila, capital of the Philippines. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Constitution of the Philippines ( Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas in Filipino) is the supreme Law of the Philippines Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" 61%[2] | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2008 estimate | 90. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology 5 million[3] (12th) | ||||
| - | 2007 census | 88,574,614 [4] | ||||
| - | Density | 295/km² (32nd) 112/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2006 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $466. List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 632 billion [5] (25th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $5,365. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' 287[5] (99th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2006 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $117. This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita 562 billion[5] (47th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $1,351. PLEASE NO RANDOM FIGURES THERE ARE NO FIGURES BASED ON NATIONAL STATISTICS IN THIS ARTICLE Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' 718[5] (117th) | ||||
| Gini (2003) | 44. This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product Per capita at Nominal values, the The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth 5[2] (medium) | |||||
| HDI (2007/2008) | ▲ 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 771[6] (medium) (90th) | |||||
| Currency | Peso (Filipino: piso  ) (PHP) | |||||
| Time zone | PST (UTC+8) | |||||
| Internet TLD | .ph | |||||
| Calling code | +63 | |||||
| 1 | Spanish and Arabic are promoted on a voluntary and optional basis. This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The peso ( Filipino: piso) ( sign: ₱; code: PHP) is the currency of the Philippines. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Philippine Standard Time (Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas abbreviated PST) or unofficially Philippine Time (abbreviated PHT) is the name used in the A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language | |||||
| 2 | Rankings above were taken from associated Wikipedia pages as of December, 2007, and may be based on data or data sources other than those appearing here. | |||||
The Philippines (Filipino: Pilipinas), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas; RP), is an archipelagic nation located in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered The City of Manila The Philippine archipelago comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean, bordering countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Palau and Taiwan. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Palau, officially the Republic of Palau (Beluu er a Belau is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, some 500 miles (800 km) east Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The Philippines is the world's 12th most populous country with a population approaching 90 million people. [3][5] Its national economy is the 37th largest in the world with a 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of over US$117. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 562 billion. [5] There are more than 11 million overseas Filipinos worldwide, the largest diaspora networks in the world, about 11% of the total population of the Philippines. An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of the Philippines.
The Philippines was settled mostly by Malayo-Polynesian-speaking peoples. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers The Philippines became a Spanish colony in the 16th century, and an American territory at the beginning of the 20th century. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The Katipunan led the Philippine Revolution of 1896 that won independence from Spain. The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila, in 1892 which aimed to gain independence from Spain. This article is about a late 19th-century revolution For a late 20th-century event also referred to as Philippine Revolution see People Power Revolution. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The U.S. occupation of the Philippines during the Spanish-American War led to the outbreak of the Philippine-American War. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Philippines gained its independence from the United States on July 4, 1946 after the Pacific War (the Second World War) via the Treaty of Manila. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Pacific War was the part of World War II —and preceding conflicts—that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands and in East Asia, between World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Treaty of Manila (1946 is a treaty of general relations signed on July 4, 1946 in Manila, capital of the Philippines. Martial law was declared in 1972 by Ferdinand Marcos. Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos ( September 11, 1917 &ndash September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986 The assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr. led to the People Power Revolution of 1986 that overthrew authoritarian rule. Benigno Servillano Aquino Jr ( November 27, 1932 – August 21 Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Political upheavals and corruption scandals alternated with the peaceful transition of power during the period that followed the restoration of democracy. [2]
Modern Philippines has many affinities with the Western world, derived mainly from the cultures of Spain, Latin America, and the United States. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Roman Catholicism is the country's predominant religion, although pre-Hispanic indigenous religious practices still exist; there are also followers of Islam. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. [7] Spanish was an official language of the Philippines until 1973. Spanish was the first official language of the Philippines and the country's original national language Since then, the two official national languages are Filipino and English. Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States [2]
Contents |
Etymology
The name Philippines and its Spanish counterpart, Filipinas, are derived from the name of Phillip II, the King of Spain in the late 16th century. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 [8] Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos used the name Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the then-Crown Prince during his expedition to the Philippines, originally referring to the islands of Leyte and Samar. Ruy López de Villalobos (b 1500 - d 1544 was a Spanish explorer who sailed the Pacific from Mexico ( New Spain) to establish a The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Leyte (ˈleɪti in English is an Island in the Visayas group of the Philippines. Samar is also a female singer from the United Arab Emirates. Samar is an Island in the Visayas, which is in the Despite the presence of other names, the name Filipinas was eventually adopted as the name of the entire archipelago. [8]
History
Archeological and paleontological discoveries show that Homo sapiens existed in Palawan circa 50,000 BC. Timeline of Philippine history The History of The Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via Land bridges at least Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Palawan is an Island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. The aboriginal people of the Philippines, the Negritos, are an Australo-Melanesian people, which arrived in the Philippines at least 30,000 years ago. The term Negrito refers to several ethnic groups in isolated parts of Southeast Asia. The Austronesians, who originated from populations of Taiwanese aboriginals that migrated from mainland Asia approximately 6000 years ago, colonized the Philippine islands and eventually migrated to Indonesia, Malaysia and, soon after, to the Polynesian islands and Madagascar. The Austronesian people or Austronesian-speaking people, are a population group present in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke Taiwanese aborigines ( Taiwanese Pe̍h-oē-jī: gôan-chū-bîn literally “original inhabitants” is the term commonly applied in reference to the Indigenous peoples The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern
The Philippines had cultural ties with Malaysia, Indonesia, India in ancient times, and trade relations with China and Japan as early as the 9th century. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era.
Islam was brought to the Philippines by traders and proselytizers from Malaysia and Indonesia. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion and particularly another religion The Islamization of the Philippines is due to the strength of then-Muslim India. [9] By the 13th century, Islam was established in the Sulu Archipelago and spread from there to Mindanao; it had reached the Manila area by 1565. Sulu Archipelago is an island chain in the southwest Philippines. Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost Island in the Philippines. The City of Manila Muslim converts established Islamic communities and states ruled by rajas or sultans. For other uses see Raja (disambiguation and Rajah (disambiguation. Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings However, no Islamic state exercised sovereignty over much of the archipelago, and the indigenous maritime and agricultural societies ruled by datus or apos remained autonomous. Datu or datto is the title for ancient tribal chieftains and monarchs in pre-Hispanic Philippines. When the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, the majority of the estimated 500,000 people in the islands lived in independent settlements called 'barangay' or networks of settlements. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries
In the service of Spain, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his crew started their voyage on September 20, 1519. Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães fɨɾˈnɐ̃ũ dɨ mɐgɐˈʎɐ̃ĩʃ Fernando de Magallanes (Spring 1480 &ndash April 27 1521 Mactan Island, Cebu Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Magellan sighted Samar on March 17, 1521, on the next day, they reached Homonhon. For other uses please see Samar (disambiguation. Samar, formerly Western Samar, is a province in the Philippines Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Homonhon Island is an island in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines, on the west side of Leyte Gulf. They reached the island of Limasawa on March 28, 1521 where the first Mass in the Philippines was celebrated on March 31, 1521. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor [8] Magellan arrived at Cebu on April 7, 1521, befriending Rajah Humabon and converting his family and 700 other Cebuanos to Christianity. Cebu is one of the Provinces of the Philippines. It lies to the east of Negros Island; to the west of Leyte and to the southeast is Bohol Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Rajah Humabon was the main Raja of Cebu island in the Philippines at the time of Ferdinand Magellan 's arrival in the archipelago in 1521 [8] However, Magellan would later be killed in the Battle of Mactan by indigenous warriors led by Lapu-Lapu, a fierce rival of Humabon. The Battle of Mactan was fought in the Philippines on April 27 1521 Lapu-Lapu is also the name of the Grouper fish in the Philippines
The beginnings of colonization started to take form when Philip II of Spain ordered successive expeditions. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565 and formed the first Spanish settlements in Cebu. Miguel López de Legazpi ( 1502 &ndash August 20, 1572) also known as El Adelantado (The Governor and El Viejo (The Elder The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. In 1571 he established Manila as the capital of the new Spanish colony. The City of Manila Spanish East Indies ( Indias Orientales Españolas) was a term used to describe Spanish possessions in Asia-Pacific which lasted over three centuries [10]
Spanish rule brought political unification to an archipelago of previously independent islands and communities that later became the Philippines, and introduced elements of western civilization such as the code of law, printing and the calendar[11]. A civil code is a systematic compilation of laws designed to comprehensively deal with the core areas of Private law. Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today The Philippines was ruled as a territory of New Spain from 1565 to 1821, but after Mexican independence it was administered directly from Madrid. The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. During that time numerous towns were founded, infrastructures built, new crops and livestock introduced, and trade flourished. The Manila Galleon which linked Manila to Acapulco once or twice a year beginning in the late 16th century, carried silk, spices, ivory and porcelain to America and silver on the return trip to the Philippines. The Manila galleons or Manila-Acapulco galleons ( Galeones de Manila-Acapulco) were Spanish trading Ships that sailed once or twice Acapulco (Officially Acapulco de Juárez) is a City and major sea port in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast The Spanish military fought off various indigenous revolts and several external colonial challenges, especially from the British, Chinese pirates, Dutch, and Portuguese. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Roman Catholic missionaries converted most of the inhabitants to Christianity, and founded numerous schools, universities and hospitals. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings In 1863 a Spanish decree introduced public education, creating free public schooling in Spanish [12]. Public education is education mandated for or offered to the children of the general public by the Government, whether national regional or local provided by an institution
The Propaganda Movement, which included Philippine nationalist José Rizal, then a student studying in Spain, soon developed on the Spanish mainland. Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, This was done in order to inform the government of the injustices of the administration in the Philippines as well as the abuses of the friars. In the 1880s and the 1890s, the propagandists clamored for political and social reforms, which included demands for greater representation in Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Unable to gain the reforms, Rizal returned to the country, and pushed for the reforms locally. Rizal was subsequently arrested, tried, and executed for treason on December 30, 1896. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Earlier that year, the Katipunan, led by Andrés Bonifacio, had already started a revolution, which was eventually continued by Emilio Aguinaldo, who established a revolutionary government, although the Spanish governor general Fernando Primo de Rivera proclaimed the revolution over in May 17, 1897. The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila, in 1892 which aimed to gain independence from Spain. Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro ( November 30, 1863 &ndash May 10, 1897) son of Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro was a Filipino For the municipality see Gen Emilio Aguinaldo Cavite General Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy ( March 22, 1869 &ndash February 6 Fernando Primo de Rivera (1831-1921 was a Spanish Politician and Soldier. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common [13]
The Spanish-American War began in Cuba in 1898 and soon reached the Philippines when Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish squadron at Manila Bay. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la George Dewey ( December 26, 1837 &ndash January 16, 1917) was an Admiral of the United States Navy, best known for his The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish-American War. Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippines on June 12, 1898, and was proclaimed head of state. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common As a result of its defeat, Spain was forced to officially cede the Philippines, together with Cuba (made an independent country, the US in charge of foreign affairs), Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Guam ( Chamorro: cha Guåhån) officially the Territory of Guam, is an island in the western Pacific Ocean and is an organized unincorporated Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} In 1899 the First Philippine Republic was proclaimed in Malolos, Bulacan but was later dissolved by the US forces, leading to the Philippine-American War between the United States and the Philippine revolutionaries, which continued the violence of the previous years. República Filipina ( English: Philippine Republic Tagalog: Unang Republika ng Pilipinas) also known as the First Philippine This article is about the city For the cathedral see Malolos Cathedral. This article is about the province For the municipality see Bulacan Bulacan. The US proclaimed the war ended when Aguinaldo was captured by American troops on March 23, 1901, but the struggle continued until 1913 claiming the lives of over a million Filipinos[14] [15]. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The country's status as a territory changed when it became the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935, which provided for more self-governance. The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the political designation of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when the country was a commonwealth with the United Plans for increasing independence over the next decade were interrupted during World War II when Japan invaded and occupied the islands. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku The Battle of the Philippines was the invasion of the Philippines by Japan in 1941–42 and the defense of the islands by Filipino and United After the Japanese were defeated in 1945, returned to the Filipino and American forces in the Liberation of the Philippines from 1944 to 1945, the Philippines was granted independence from the United States on July 4, 1946. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [2]
Since 1946, the newly independent Philippine state has faced political instability with various rebel groups. The late 1960s and early 1970s saw economic development that was second in Asia, next to Japan. Ferdinand Marcos was, then, the elected president. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos ( September 11, 1917 &ndash September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986 Barred from seeking a third term, Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972, under the guise of increased political instability and resurgent Communist and Muslim insurgencies, and ruled the country by decree. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rule by decree is a style of governance allowing quick unchallenged creation of law by a single person or group and is used primarily by Dictators and Absolute monarchs
Upon returning from exile, opposition leader Benigno Aquino, Jr. was assassinated on August 21, 1983. Benigno Servillano Aquino Jr ( November 27, 1932 – August 21 Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) In January 1986, Marcos allowed for a snap election, after large protests. The Presidential and Vice-Presidential Snap elections were held on February 7, 1986 in the Philippines. The election was believed to be fraudulent, and resulted in a standoff between military mutineers and the military loyalists. Protesters supported the mutineers, and were accompanied by resignations of prominent cabinet officials. Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno Aquino, Jr., was the recognized winner of the snap election. María Corazón Cojuangco-Aquino (born María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco on January 25, 1933) widely known as Cory Aquino, was the 11th Benigno Servillano Aquino Jr ( November 27, 1932 – August 21 She took over the government, and called for a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution, after the People Power Revolution. Marcos, his family and some of his allies fled to Hawaii. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the [16]
The return of democracy and government reforms after the events of 1986 were hampered by massive national debt, government corruption, coup attempts, a communist insurgency, and a Muslim separatist movement. The economy improved during the administration of Fidel V. Ramos, who was elected in 1992. Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines. [17] However, the economic improvements were negated at the onset of the East Asian financial crisis in 1997. The Asian Financial Crisis was a period of Financial crisis that gripped much of Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown ( The 2001 EDSA Revolution led to the downfall of the following president, Joseph Estrada. The EDSA Revolution of 2001, also called by the local media as EDSA II (pronounced as EDSA Dos or EDSA 2 or the Second People Power Revolution, is the Jose Marcelo Ejercito (born on April 19, 1937) better known as Joseph Ejercito Estrada, or Erap, is a Film actor in the Philippines The current administration of president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo has been hounded by allegations of corruption and election rigging. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. The Hello Garci scandal (2005—present (or just Hello Garci) is a Political scandal and electoral crisis in the Philippines. [18]
Politics and government
- See also: Foreign relations of the Philippines, President of the Philippines, and Constitution of the Philippines
- Further information: Armed Forces of the Philippines
The Philippines has a presidential, unitary form of government (with some modification; there is one autonomous region largely free from the national government), where the President functions as both head of state and head of government, and is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The political system in the Philippines takes place in an organized framework of a presidential, representative and democratic Republic Foreign relations of the Philippines is administered by the Philippines President and the nation's Department of Foreign Affairs. The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. The Constitution of the Philippines ( Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas in Filipino) is the supreme Law of the Philippines The Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP) ( Filipino: Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) is composed of the Philippine Army, Philippine Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. A presidential system is a System of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term separately from the Legislature A unitary state is a State whose three Organs of state are governed Constitutionally as one single unit with one Constitutionally created Geography The region is divided into two geographical areas &ndash the Mindanao mainland and the Sulu Archipelago. An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State A commander-in-chief is the Commander of a nation's Military forces or significant element of those forces The Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP) ( Filipino: Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) is composed of the Philippine Army, Philippine The president is elected by popular vote to a single six-year term, during which time she or he appoints and presides over the cabinet. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. [1]
The bicameral Congress is composed of a Senate, serving as the upper house whose members are elected nationally to a six-year term, and a House of Representatives serving as the lower house whose members are elected to a three-year term and are elected from both legislative districts and through sectoral representation. In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The Congress of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kongréso ng Pilipínas) is the national Legislature of the Philippines. The Senate of the Philippines ( Filipino: Senádo ng Pilipínas) is the upper chamber of the bicameral Legislature of the Philippines, the An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. The House of Representatives of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas) is the lower chamber of the Congress of the Philippines A lower house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Upper house. The Legislative districts of the Philippines are the division are the representations of the Philippines ' provinces and cities in the Philippine Congress [1]
| Flag | Pambansang Watawat |
| Anthem | "Lupang Hinirang" |
| Patriotic Song | "Pilipinas Kong Mahal", "Bayan Ko" |
| Gem | South Sea pearls |
| Dance | Cariñosa |
| Animal | Carabao |
| Bird | Philippine Eagle |
| Fish | Milkfish (Bangus) |
| Flower | Arabian Jasmine (Sampaguita) |
| Tree | Angsana (Narra) |
| Leaf | Fan palm (Banahaw) |
| Fruit | Mango (Mangga) |
| Sport | Sipa |
| House | Nipa hut (Bahay kubo) |
| Costume | Barong and Baro't saya |
| Hero | José Rizal |
The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court, composed of a Chief Justice as its presiding officer and fourteen associate justices, all appointed by the President from nominations submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council. Lupang Hinirang is the National anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julian Felipe, with lyrics in Spanish Pilipinas Kong Mahal ( English: My Beloved Philippines) is one of the most popular patriotic songs in the Philippines. Bayan Ko ( English: My Country) is one of the most recognizable Patriotic songs in the Philippines that because of its popularity A pearl is a hard roundish object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled Mollusk. Cariñosa (ˌkariˈɲosa (meaning the loving or affectionate one in Spanish) is a Philippine group dance of Hispanic origin from the Maria Clara suite The carabao ( Filipino: kalabaw; Malay: kerbau) or Bubalus bubalis carabanesis is a domesticated The Philippine Eagle ( Pithecophaga jefferyi) is one of the tallest rarest largest and most powerful Birds in the world The milkfish, ( Chanos chanos) is an important food Fish in Southeast Asia and is the sole living Species in the family Chanidae Jasminum sambac ( syn Nyctanthes sambac) is a species of Jasmine native to southern Asia, in India, Philippines Pterocarpus indicus ( Narra, Pashu Padauk, Malay Paduak) is a species of Pterocarpus native to southeastern Asia Livistona is a genus of 36 species of palms (family Arecaceae) native to southern and southeastern Asia, Australasia, and the Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting Trees in the Flowering plant family Anacardiaceae Sipa (Kick is the Philippines ' national and Traditional native Sport which predates Spanish rule The Nipa hut (bahay-kubo is considered as the national house of the Philippines. A Barong Tagalog (or simply Barong, from the word baro) is an embroidered formal garment of the Philippines. Baro't saya is the National dress of the Philippines and is worn by women Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State The Supreme Court of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas or Korte Suprema) is the country's highest judicial court as well The Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is the highest judicial officer of the government of the An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. [1]
Attempts to amend the constitution to either a federal, unicameral or parliamentary form of government have repeatedly failed since the Ramos administration. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines.
The Philippines is a founding and active member of the United Nations since its inception on October 24, 1945 and is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly referred to as ASEAN, ˈɑːsiːɑːn AH-see-ahn in English (the Official language The Philippines is also a member of the East Asia Summit (EAS), an active player in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Latin Union, and a member of the Group of 24. The East Asia Summit (EAS is a forum held annually by leaders of 16 countries in the East Asian region The Latin Union is an International organization of nations that use a Romance language. The country is a major non-NATO ally of the U. Major non-NATO ally ( MNNA) is a designation given by the United States government to exceptionally close allies who have close strategic working relationships S. but also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is an International organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc [1]
Administrative divisions
The Philippines is divided into three island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Philippines is divided into from the highest division to the lowest Provinces and independent cities Municipalities and Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas Visayas ( Visayan: Kabisay-an) is one of the three island groups in the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao. Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost Island in the Philippines. These are divided into 17 regions, 81 provinces, 136 cities, 1,494 municipalities and 41,995 barangays. In the Philippines, regions ( Filpino: rehiyon, ISO 3166-2PH) are administrative division that serve primarily to organize the 81 The provinces of the Philippines are the primary administrative divisions of the Philippines. A city ( lungsod, or sometimes siyudad, in Filipino and Tagalog) is a tier of local government in the Philippines A municipality ( bayan, sometimes munisipyo in Cebuano or used infrequently in Tagalog) is a local government unit in the Philippines This article refers to a political administrative division See Barangay Ginebra Kings for other uses [19]
| Region | Designation | Government center |
|---|---|---|
| Ilocos Region | Region I | San Fernando City, La Union |
| Cagayan Valley Region | Region II | Tuguegarao City, Cagayan |
| Central Luzon Region | Region III | City of San Fernando, Pampanga |
| CALABARZON Region¹ ² | Region IV-A | Calamba City, Laguna |
| MIMAROPA Region¹ ² ³ | Region IV-B | Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro |
| Bicol Region | Region V | Legazpi City, Albay |
| Western Visayas Region³ | Region VI | Iloilo City |
| Central Visayas Region | Region VII | Cebu City |
| Eastern Visayas Region | Region VIII | Tacloban City, Leyte |
| Zamboanga Peninsula Region | Region IX | Pagadian City |
| Northern Mindanao Region | Region X | Cagayan de Oro City |
| Davao Region | Region XI | Davao City |
| SOCCSKSARGEN Region¹ | Region XII | Koronadal City, South Cotabato |
| Caraga Region | Region XIII | Butuan City |
| Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao | ARMM | Cotabato City |
| Cordillera Administrative Region | CAR | Baguio City |
| National Capital Region | NCR | Manila |
¹ Names are capitalized because they are acronyms, containing the names of the constituent provinces or cities (see Acronyms in the Philippines). The Ilocos Region or Region I ( Ilokano: Rehion ti Ilokos, Pangasinan: Rihiyon na Sagor na Baybay na Luzon) of the Philippines ₯ For the city in Pampanga see City of San Fernando Pampanga. "La Union" without an accented "o" refers to a province in the Philippines Cagayan Valley ( Lambak ng Cagayan in Filipino) is a region of the Philippines, also designated as Region II or The City of Tuguegarao is a second class city in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. Cagayan is a province of the Philippines in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Central Luzon (or " Gitnang Luzon " in Filipino), also known as Region III (or Region 3) is an administrative division For the city in La Union see San Fernando City La Union. For other uses see San Fernando. Pampanga is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. CALABARZON is one of the regions of the Philippines. It is also designated as Region IV-A and its regional capital is Calamba City in Calamba City is a first class City in the province of Laguna, Philippines. Laguna is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzón. MIMAROPA is one of the two regions of the Philippines having no land border with another region Eastern Visayas being the other and is designated City of Calapan is a 2nd class city in the province of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. Oriental Mindoro ( Filipino: Silangang Mindoro) is a province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region in The Bicol Region or Bicolandia is one of the 17 regions of the Philippines. The City of Legazpi ( Bikol: Ciudad nin Legazpi; Filipino: Lungsod ng Legazpi) is a first class city and capital of the province Albay is a province of the Philippines Western Visayas, one of the regions of the Philippines, is designated as Region VI The City of Iloilo ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Iloilo, Hiligaynon: Ciudad sang Iloilo) is the capital of but independent from the province of Central Visayas, one of the regions of the Philippines, is designated as Region VII The City of Cebu ( Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Sugbo, Filipino: Lungsod ng Cebu) is the capital of Eastern Visayas is one of the two regions of the Philippines having no land border with another region MIMAROPA being the other and is designated The City of Tacloban ( Waray: Siyudad han Tacloban, Tagalog: Lungsod ng Tacloban, Cebuano For Air strikes in the Zamboanga Peninsula see Air strikes in the Zamboanga Peninsula. Pagadian City is a 1st class city in the province of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. Designated as Region X of the Philippines, Northern Mindanao ( Filipino Hilagang Mindanao) is composed of five The City of Cagayan de Oro (kă-gə'yăn dĕ ôrô abbreviated CDO CDOC or Cag Davao Region, designated as Region XI, is one of the regions of the Philippines, located on the southeastern portion of Mindanao. The City of Davao ( Tagalog: Lungsod ng Dabaw; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Dabaw) is the largest city on the island of SoCCSKSarGen is a region of the Philippines, located in central Mindanao, and is officially designated as Region XII. The City of Koronadal, also known as Marbel, is the capital city of South Cotabato province in the Philippines. South Cotabato is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. For the municipality in the province of Davao Oriental, see Caraga Davao Oriental Caraga is an administrative region The City of Butuan ( Tagalog: Lungsod ng Butuan) is the regional center of the Caraga Region in the Philippines. Geography The region is divided into two geographical areas &ndash the Mindanao mainland and the Sulu Archipelago. The City of Cotabato is one of the cities of the Philippines located in Mindanao. The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR, Philippines ' only land-locked region consists of the provinces of Abra, Benguet, Geography The three main access roads leading to Baguio from the lowlands are Kennon Road, Marcos Highway Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang The City of Manila Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name Acronyms are popular in the Philippines. Cultural Predominance Geography Geography is one area prone to
² These regions formed the former Southern Tagalog region, or Region IV. Southern Tagalog, or Region IV, was a region of the Philippines that is now composed of Region IV-A (CALABARZON and Region IV-B (MIMAROPA
³ Palawan was moved from Region IV-B as known as MIMAROPA to Region VI. Palawan is an Island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. From November 2005, Region IV-B would be called MIMARO, decreased from five to four provinces and Region VI increased from six to seven provinces.
Geography
The Philippines constitutes an archipelago of 7,107 islands with a total land area of approximately 300,000 square kilometers (116,000 sq mi). An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. It generally lies between 116° 40' and 126° 34' E. longitude, and 4° 40' and 21° 10' N. latitude, and borders the Philippine Sea on the east, the South China Sea on the west, and the Celebes Sea on the south. The Philippine Sea is a Marginal sea east and north of the Philippines occupying an estimated Surface area of 90 000 mi² (1 000 000 The South China Sea is a Marginal sea south of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from Singapore to the The Celebes Sea (or the Sulawesi Sea (Laut Sulawesi of the western Pacific Ocean is bordered on the north by the Sulu Archipelago and Sulu Sea The island of Borneo lies a few hundred kilometers southwest and Taiwan directly north. Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The Moluccas and Sulawesi are to the south/southwest, and Palau is to the east beyond the Philippine Sea. The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Moluccan Islands, the Spice Islands or simply Maluku) are an Archipelago Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes, ˈsɛlɛbiz is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Palau, officially the Republic of Palau (Beluu er a Belau is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, some 500 miles (800 km) east The Philippine Sea is a Marginal sea east and north of the Philippines occupying an estimated Surface area of 90 000 mi² (1 000 000 [1]
The islands are commonly divided into three island groups: Luzon (Regions I to V, NCR and CAR), Visayas (VI to VIII), and Mindanao (IX to XIII and ARMM). Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas Visayas ( Visayan: Kabisay-an) is one of the three island groups in the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao. Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost Island in the Philippines. The busy port of Manila, on Luzon, is the national capital and second largest city after its suburb Quezon City. The City of Manila Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous [1]
The local climate is hot, humid, and tropical. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 The average yearly temperature is around 26. 5 °C (79. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 7 °F). Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 There are three recognized seasons: Tag-init or Tag-araw (the hot season or summer from March to May), Tag-ulan (the rainy season from June to November), and Taglamig (the cold season from December to February). The southwest monsoon (May-October) is known as the "habagat" and the dry winds of the northeast monsoon (November-April) as the "amihan". A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months [20]
Most of the mountainous islands used to be covered in tropical rainforest and are volcanic in origin. Tropical rainforests are generally found near the Equator. They are common in Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, Central The highest point is Mount Apo on Mindanao at 2,954 metres (9,692 ft). Mount Apo is a large Stratovolcano on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. There are many active volcanos such as Mayon Volcano, Mount Pinatubo, and Taal Volcano. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The Mayon Volcano is an active Stratovolcano in the Philippines on the Island of Luzon, in the province of Albay Mount Pinatubo is an active Stratovolcano located on the island of Luzon Taal Volcano is an active Volcano on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The country also lies within the typhoon belt of the Western Pacific and about 19 typhoons strike per year. [21]
Lying on the northwestern fringes of the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Philippines experiences frequent seismic and volcanic activities. Some 20 earthquakes are registered daily in the Philippines, though most are too weak to be felt. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer The last great earthquake was the 1990 Luzon earthquake. The 1990 Luzon earthquake occurred on Monday July 16, 1990, at 426 PM local time in the Philippines. [22]
The longest river is the Cagayan River in northern Luzon. For the Cagayan River in Mindanao, see Cagayan River (Cagayan de Oro. Manila Bay is connected to Laguna de Bay by means of the Pasig River. Manila Bay is a natural Harbor which serves the Port of Manila (on Luzon) in the Philippines. Laguna de Bay (English translation "Lake of Bay " commonly called as "Laguna Lake" is the largest Lake in the Philippines and the third The Pasig River (called Ilog Pasig in Filipino) is a River in the Philippines and connects Laguna de Bay (via the Napindan Channel Subic Bay, the Davao Gulf and the Moro Gulf are some of the important bays. This article is about the body of water for the Freeport see Subic Bay Freeport Zone, for other uses see Subic Bay (disambiguation. Davao Gulf is a gulf found in Mindanao in the Philippines. Davao Gulf cuts into the island of Mindanao from Celebes Sea. The Moro Gulf is a gulf in Mindanao in the Philippines. It is part of Celebes Sea and is surrounded by the Zamboanga Peninsula and Transversing the San Juanico Strait is the San Juanico Bridge (considered a point of vital national infrastructure and capacity), that connects the islands of Samar and Leyte. San Juanico Strait is a narrow strait in the Philippines. It separates the islands of Samar and Leyte. The San Juanico Bridge, formerly the Marcos Bridge, is a suspension Bridge in the Philippines stretching from Samar to Leyte crossing Samar is also a female singer from the United Arab Emirates. Samar is an Island in the Visayas, which is in the Leyte (ˈleɪti in English is an Island in the Visayas group of the Philippines. [23]
Economy
The Philippines is a newly industrialized country with an economy anchored on agriculture but with substantial contributions from manufacturing, mining, remittances from overseas Filipinos and service industries such as tourism and, increasingly, business process outsourcing, to which it is known for having one of most vibrant BPO industries in Asia. The category of newly industrialized country ( NIC) is a socioeconomic classification applied to several countries around the world by Political scientists Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Remittance can also refer to the Accounting concept of a monetary payment transferred by a customer to a business Remittances are transfers Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Business process outsourcing ( BPO) contains the transmission of processes along with the associated operational activities and responsibilities to a third party with at least [7][24] The Philippines is listed in the roster of "Next Eleven" economies. The Next Eleven (or N-11) are eleven countries — Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria,
Historically, the Philippine economy has largely been anchored on the Manila galleon during the Spanish era, and bilateral trade with the United States during the American era. The Manila galleons or Manila-Acapulco galleons ( Galeones de Manila-Acapulco) were Spanish trading Ships that sailed once or twice Pro-Filipino economic policies were first implemented during the tenure of Carlos P. Garcia with the "Filipino First" policy. Carlos Polistico Garcia ( November 4, 1896 – June By the 1960s, the Philippine economy was regarded as the second-largest in Asia, next only to Japan. However, the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos would prove disastrous to the Philippine economy, sliding the country into severe economic recession, only to recover starting in the 1990s with a program of economic liberalization and the breaking of Marcos-era monopolies and the system of cronyism under Fidel V. A recession is a contraction phase of the Business cycle. The U Ramos. [17]
The Asian Financial Crisis affected the Philippine economy to an extent, resulting in a lingering decline of the value of the Philippine peso and falls in the stock market, although the extent to which it was affected is not as severe as that of its Asian neighbors. The Asian Financial Crisis was a period of Financial crisis that gripped much of Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown ( This is largely due to the fiscal conservatism of the Philippine government partly as a result of decades of monitoring and fiscal supervision from the International Monetary Fund, in comparison to the massive spending of its neighbors on the rapid acceleration of economic growth. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic [17] By 2004, the Philippine economy experienced six-percent growth in gross domestic product and 7. 3% in 2007,[25] in line with the "7, 8, 9" project of the government to accelerate GDP growth by 2009. [26]
In a bid to further strengthen the Philippine economy, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo pledged to make the Philippines a developed country by 2020. The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed Economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors As part of this goal, she instituted five economic "super regions" to concentrate on the economic strengths of various regions of the Philippines, as well as the implementation of tax reforms, continued privatization of state assets, and the building-up of infrastructure in various areas of the Philippines. The creation of super regions in the Philippines is a proposed plan by the President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in her sixth State of the Nation Address Infrastructure typically refers to the technical structures that support a society such as Roads Water supply, Wastewater, Power grids
Despite the growing economy, the Philippines will have to address several chronic problems in the future. Strategies for streamlining the economy include improvements of infrastructure, more efficient tax systems to bolster government revenues, furthering deregulation and privatization of the economy, and increasing trade integration within the region and across the world. Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the Public sector (government to the Private sector (business [27][28] The Philippine economy is also heavily reliant on remittances as a source of foreign currency, surpassing even foreign direct investment. China and India have emerged as major economic competitors, siphoning away investors who would otherwise have invested in the Philippines, particularly telecommunications companies. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Regional development is also somewhat uneven, with Luzon and Metro Manila in particular gaining most of the new economic growth at the expense of the other regions,[29] although the government has taken steps to distribute economic growth by promoting investment in other areas of the Philippines.
The Philippines is a founding member of the Asian Development Bank, playing home to its headquarters. Asian Development Bank (ADB is a regional development bank established in 1966 to promote economic and social development in Asian and Pacific countries through loans and technical It is also a member of the World Bank, the IMF, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Colombo Plan, and the G-77, among others. The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e The Colombo Plan is a regional organization that embodies the concept of collective inter-governmental effort to strengthen economic and social development of member countries in the The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of Developing nations designed to promote its members' collective Economic interests and create [30]
Demographics
The Philippines is the world's 12th most populous country, with a population of over 90 million as of 2008. According to the 2000 Census the population of the Philippines was 76504077 Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of the Philippines. [3][5]As of 2007, 8% of Filipinos are living abroad as migrant laborers. Roughly half reside on the island of Luzon. Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas Manila, the capital, is the eleventh most populous metropolitan area in the world. The City of Manila The literacy rate was 92. 6% in 2003,[31][32] and about equal for males and females. [2] Life expectancy is 71. 23 years, with 73. 6 years for females and 69. 8 years for males. Population growth rate in 1995-2000 is 3. 21% but then dramatically fell to 1. 59% for 2005-2010.
Ethnic groups
Majority of Filipinos are descended from the various Austronesian-speaking migrants who arrived in successive waves over a thousand years ago from Taiwan, genetically most closely related to the Ami tribe. The various ethnic groups in the Philippines identify themselves based on one or several factors most popularly by parental lineage and Language. The Austronesian people or Austronesian-speaking people, are a population group present in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The Amis ( also Ami or Pangcah) are an indigenous people of Taiwan. [33] The Malayo-Polynesian-speaking peoples, a branch of Austronesian, migrated to the Philippines and brought their knowledge of rice agriculture and ocean-sailing technology. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers Filipinos to this day are composed of various Malayo-Polynesian-speaking ethnic groups, including but not limited to the Visayans, the Tagalog, the Ilocano, the Moro, the Kapampangan, the Bicolano, the Pangasinense, the Igorot, the Lumad, the Mangyan, the Ibanag, the Badjao, the Ivatan, and the Palawan tribes. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers The Visayans ( Visayan, Filipino: Bisaya) are the largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. The Tagalog people ( Tgl: Tagalog) is the second largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. The Ilocano or Ilokano people are the third largest Filipino Ethnolinguistic group The Moro are a Multilingual ethnic group and the largest mainly non-Christian ethnic group in the Philippines, comprising about 5 The Kapampangans or Capampañgans ( Spanish: Pampangos or Pampangueños) are the The Bicolanos are the the fifth-largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. The Pangasinan ( Pangasinan: Totoon Pangasinan, Spanish: pangasinense) are the eight largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. Igorot ( pronounced) name for the people of the Cordillera region in the Philippines island of Luzon. The Lumad is a term being used to denote a group of indigenous peoples of the southern Philippines. Mangyan is the generic name for the eight indigenous groups found in Mindoro island, each with its own tribal name language The Ibanags are an ethnolinguistic minority numbering a little more than half a million people who inhabit the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela and Nueva The Bajau, (also written as Badjao, Badjaw or Badjau) are an indigenous Ethnic group of Malaysia and the southern The Ivatans are a Filipino ethnolinguistic group predominant in the Batanes Islands of the Philippines. Palawan, the largest province in the Philippines, is home to several Indigenous ethnolinguistic groups namely the Tagbanua, Palawano, Tau't The Negritos, including the Aetas and the Ati, are considered as the aboriginal inhabitants of the Philippines though they are estimated to be fewer than 30,000 people (0. The term Negrito refers to several ethnic groups in isolated parts of Southeast Asia. The Aeta (pronounced as “eye-ta” Agta or Ayta are an Indigenous people who live in scattered isolated mountainous parts of Luzon, The Ati is a Negrito ethnic group in Panay, which is located in the Visayas (Islands of Panay Negros and Guimaras the central portion of the 03%).
Filipinos of Chinese descent currently forms the largest non-Austronesian ethnic group, claiming about 1. A Chinese Filipino ( Hokkien: Huâ-hui; Cantonese: Wàhfèi; Tagalog / Filipino: "Tsinoy" ( derived from 5% of the population [34] followed by Filipinos of Spanish descent. Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the late 16th century during the Spanish colonial period of the islands Other significant minorities include British, Americans, Japanese, Asian Indians, Koreans, Arabs and Indonesians. American settlement in the Philippines began during the Spanish period, when Americans came to the islands primarily to conduct business Japanese settlement in the Philippines refers to the branch of the Japanese diaspora having historical contact with and having established themselves in what is now South Asians in the Philippines are Philippine citizens of South Asian descent and citizens of South Asian countries living in Philippines Koreans in the Philippines, largely consisting of Expatriates from South Korea, form the largest community of Overseas Koreans in Southeast Asia Arab settlement in the Philippines is part of the story of immigration in the Philippines. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Chinese mestizos are those in the Philippines of mixed Chinese and either indigenous Filipino or Spanish (or both) ancestry. They make up between 10-20% of the country's total population.
Throughout the country's history, various ethnic groups as well as immigrants and colonizers have intermarried, producing Filipino mestizos. These mestizos, apart from being of mixed indigenous Austronesian and European ancestry, can be descended from any ethnic foreign forebears. The percentage of Filipinos with foreign ancestry is unknown since there are no credible sources for the percentage of Philippine mestizos residing in the Philippines. The number of Filipino mestizos that reside outside the Philippines is also unknown. However, due to major historical factors, such as the Spanish colonization, the American occupation, and Chinese immigration after World War II; many Filipino mestizos that reside in the Philippines are now of Spanish, American and Chinese descent.
Languages
Filipino and English are the official languages of the Philippines, but more than 180 languages and dialects are spoken in the archipelago, almost all of them belonging to the Borneo-Philippines group of the Malayo-Polynesian language branch of the Austronesian language family. In Philippines there are over 170 languages almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers
According to the 1987 Constitution, Filipino and English are both the official languages. The Constitution of the Philippines ( Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas in Filipino) is the supreme Law of the Philippines Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Many Filipinos understand, write and speak English, Filipino and their respective regional languages.
Filipino is the de facto standardized version of Tagalog spoken in Metro Manila and urban centers and one of the official languages in the country. Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. English, the other official language, is widely used as a lingua franca throughout the country. A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely
Twelve major regional languages are the auxiliary official languages of their respective regions, each with over one million speakers: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Waray-Waray, Kapampangan, Bikol, Pangasinan. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. "Cebuano" redirects here For the inhabitants of Cebu see Cebuano people Cebuano (Cebuano Sinugbuanon, "language To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page Hiligaynon (or " Ilonggo " is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. Wáray-Wáray or Waráy (commonly spelled as Waray; also referred to as Winaray or L(ineyte-Samarnon) is a language spoken in the provinces Kapampangan is one of the major Languages of the Philippines. For the macrolanguage Bikol see Bikol languages. Bikol refers to Central Bicolano (also known as Bikol Central The Pangasinan language (Pangasinan salitan Pangasinan; Spanish: idioma pangasinense, sometimes called Panggalatok belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian Kinaray-a, Maranao, Maguindanao and Tausug. Kinaray-a is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Antique Province in the Philippines. Maranao is an Austronesian language spoken in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur in the Philippines. Maguindanaon is an Austronesian language spoken by majority of the population of Maguindanao Province in the Philippines. Tausūg (Tausūg Bahasa Sūg, Malay: Bahasa Suluk) is a Visayan language spoken in Sulu province in the Philippines
English was imposed by Americans during the U. S. intervention and colonization of the archipelago. English is used in education, churches, religious affairs, print and broadcast media, and business, though the number of people who use it as a second language far outnumber those who speak it as a first language. Still, English is the preferred medium for textbooks and instruction for secondary and tertiary levels. Movies and TV programs in English are not subtitled but many films and TV programs are produced in Filipino. English is the sole language of the law courts.
Spanish was the original official language of the country for more than three centuries, and became the lingua franca of the Philippines in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Spanish was the first official language of the Philippines and the country's original national language A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely Spanish was the language of the Philippine Revolution, and the 1899 Malolos Constitution proclaimed it as the official language. This article is about a late 19th-century revolution For a late 20th-century event also referred to as Philippine Revolution see People Power Revolution. However, Spanish was spoken by a total of 60% of the population in the early 1900s as a first, second or third language. Following the American occupation of the Philippines, its use declined after 1940. Currently, only a few Mestizos of Spanish or Hispanic origin speak it as their first language, although a few others use it together with Filipino and English.
Both Spanish and Arabic are used as auxiliary languages in the Philippines. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language An international auxiliary language (sometimes abbreviated as IAL or auxlang) or interlanguage is a Language meant for communication between people from The use of Arabic is prevalent among Filipino Muslims and taught in madrasah (Muslim) schools. This article is concerned with the religion of Islam in the Philippines "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə.
Religion
The Philippines is one of two countries in Asia with Roman Catholic majorities; the other being East Timor. East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste (officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) is a country in Southeast Asia. The Philippines is separated into dioceses of which the Archdiocese of Manila enjoys primacy. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila or Archdiocese of Manila is a Particular church or Diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines About 90% of Filipinos identify themselves as Christians, with 81% belonging to the Roman Catholic Church. 2% are composed of Protestant denominations and 11% either to the Philippine Independent Church (Aglipayan), Iglesia ni Cristo and others. The Philippine Independent Church, officially the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI, is a Christian denomination of the Catholic tradition The Iglesia ni Cristo (ɪˈgleʃɐ ni ˈkɾisto Tagalog for Church of Christ; also known as INC, formerly called Iglesya ni Kristo or [35] While Christianity is a major force in the culture of the Filipinos, indigenous traditions and rituals still influence religious practice.
| Philippines religiosity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| religion | percent | |||
| Christianity | 90% | |||
| Islam | 5% | |||
| Others | 5% | |||
The Philippines is also well-known for its Baroque-style churches. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc They are a part of the long list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex These churches are: San Agustin Church in Intramuros, Manila; Paoay Church in Paoay, Ilocos Norte; Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion (Santa Maria) Church in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur; and the Santo Tomas de Villanueva (Miag-ao) Church in Miag-ao, Iloilo.
Approximately 5% of Filipinos are Muslims,[35] and are locally known as "Moros", having been dubbed this by the Spanish due to their sharing Islam with the Moors of North Africa. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent They primarily settle in parts of Mindanao, Palawan and the Sulu archipelago, but are now found in most urban areas of the country. Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost Island in the Philippines. Palawan is an Island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. Sulu Archipelago is an island chain in the southwest Philippines. Most lowland Muslim Filipinos practice normative Islam, although the practices of some Mindanao's hill tribe Muslims reflect a fusion with animism. There are also small populations of Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs, and animists, which, along with other non-Christians, non-Muslims and those with no religion, collectively comprise 2. See also Srivijaya is the historical center of Vajrayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia and not of Theravada Buddhism Buddhism, specifically Vajrayana Hinduism has been a major cultural economic political and religious influence in the Archipelago that now comprise the Philippines. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. 5% of the population. [32]
Culture
Filipino culture is a fusion of pre-Hispanic indigenous Austronesian civilizations of the Philippines mixed with Hispanic and American. The Austronesian people or Austronesian-speaking people, are a population group present in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically The development of the culture of the United States of America — music, cinema, dance, architecture, literature, poetry It has also been influenced by Arab, Chinese and Indianized cultures. Literature See also Arabic literature Arabic literature is the writing produced both Prose and Poetry, by speakers of the The Culture of China (traditional Chinese 中國文化 simplified Chinese 中国文化 is home to one of the world's oldest and most complex Civilizations covering a history Indosphere is a subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman languages as defined by linguist James Matisoff, which includes languages that are typologically and morphologically [7]
The Hispanic influences in Filipino culture are largely derived from the culture of Spain and Mexico as a result of over three centuries of Spanish colonial rule through Mexico. The culture of Spain is an Iberian culture marked by the period of Roman influences The Culture of Mexico is a Latin American culture that reflects the complexity of Mexico's history through the culture of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. These Hispanic influences are most evident in literature, folk music, folk dance, language, food, art and religion, such as Roman Catholic Church religious festivals. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Folk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances mostly of European origin that tend to share the following attributes originally danced in about the A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos [7] Filipinos hold major festivities known as barrio fiestas to commemorate their patron saints. Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. A festival is an event usually and ordinarily staged by a local community which centers on some unique aspect of that community A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity One of the most visible Hispanic legacies is the prevalence of Spanish surnames among Filipinos. The Catálogo alfabético de apellidos (Alphabetical Catalog of Surnames is a book of Surnames published in the Philippines in the mid-19th century This peculiarity, unique among the people of Asia, came as a result of a colonial decree for the systematic distribution of family names and implementation of the Spanish naming system on the inhabitants of the Philippines. In most Spanish -speaking countries people have two surnames. A Spanish name and surname among the majority of Filipinos does not always denote Spanish ancestry.
Names of countless streets, towns and provinces are in Spanish. Kulintang is a modern term for an instrumental form of music composed on a row of small horizontally-laid Gongs that function melodically accompanied by larger suspended Spanish architecture also made a major imprint in the Philippines. Spanish architecture refers to Architecture carried out in any area in what is now modern-day Spain, and by Spanish architects worldwide This can be seen especially in the country's churches, government buildings and universities. Many Hispanic style houses and buildings are being preserved, like the Spanish colonial town in Vigan City, for protection and conservation. The City of Vigan is a 3rd class city in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. The kalesa is a horse-driven carriage introduced by the Spaniards and was a major mode of transportation during the colonial times. A kalesa (sometimes called a karitela) is a horse-driven Calash It is still being used today. Filipino cuisine is also heavily influenced by Mexican and Spanish cuisine. Philippine cuisine has evolved over several centuries from its Malay roots to a cuisine of predominantly Spanish
The use of English language in the Philippines is contemporaneous and is America's visible legacy. The most commonly played sports in the Philippines are basketball and billiards. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m There is also a wide influence of American Pop cultural trends, such as the love of fast-food and movies; many street corners boast fast-food outlets. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly Aside from the American commercial giants such as McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Burger King, KFC, and Shakey's Pizza, local fast-food chains have also sprung up, including Goldilocks, Jollibee, Greenwich Pizza (acquired by Jollibee in 1994[36]), and Chowking (acquired by Jollibee in 2000[36]). Burger King ( often abbreviated to Kentucky Fried Chicken, usually known as KFC, is a chain of Fast food restaurants based in Louisville Kentucky. Shakey's Pizza is a Pizza Restaurant chain based in the United States. Goldilocks Bakeshop (also known as Goldilocks Bakeshop and Restaurant) is a Philippine -based chain of Bakeshops specializing in Filipino Jollibee Foods Corporation ( widely known as Jollibee is a Fast-food restaurant chain based in the Philippines. Greenwich Pizza is the largest Pizza chain in the Philippines. Chowking is a Philippine-based Chinese cuisine Fast-food restaurant chain predominantly selling noodle soups Dimsum and Rice toppings. Modern day Filipinos also listen to contemporary American music and watch American movies. However, Original Pilipino Music (also known as OPM) and Philippine movies are also widely appreciated. The cinema of the Philippines has a history that can be traced back to the early days of Filmmaking in 1897, when a theater owner named Pertierra screened imported
Filipinos honor national heroes whose works and deeds contributed to the shaping of the Filipino nation. José Rizal is the most celebrated ilustrado, a Spanish-speaking reformist visionary whose writings contributed greatly in nurturing a sense of national identity and awareness. Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, His novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo originally written in Spanish, are required readings for Filipino students, and provide vignettes of colonial life under the Spanish rule. Noli Me Tangere is a Novel written in Spanish by Filipino writer and National hero José Rizal. El Filibusterismo, also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed, is the second novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal
As with many cultures, music (which includes traditional music) and leisure activities are an important aspect of the Filipino society. The music of the Philippines is a mixture of European American and indigenous sounds Traditional Music in the Philippines, like the Traditional music of other countries reflects the life of common folk mainly living in rural areas rather than urban ones Various sports are also enjoyed, including boxing, basketball, badminton, billiards, football (soccer) and ten-pin bowling being popular games in the country. Sport has been a part of Philippine culture since the late 19th century Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, The Philippines was among the world's first' Basketball -playing nations and Filipinos are Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Ten-pin bowling is a competitive Sport in which a player (the “bowler” rolls a Bowling ball down a wooden or synthetic ( Polyurethane
See also
- List of Philippine-related topics
- Wettest-known tropical cyclones in the Philippines
- Transportation in the Philippines
- Communications in the Philippines
References
- ^ a b c d e f g General information. This article is a list of topics related to the people culture history current events institutions places and traditions of the Republic of the Philippines. This is a list of wetest tropical cyclones by country using all known available sources Land Transportation Railways See main article - Rail transport in the Philippines Most are on Luzon, operated by the Philippine Telephones - main lines in use 73 million (1997 Telephones - mobile cellular 41000000 (2007 Telephone system good international radiotelephone and submarine Government of the Philippines. Retrieved on 2007-10-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
Official Website. Government of the Philippines. Retrieved on 2007-10-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. - ^ a b c d e f g World Factbook — Philippines. CIA. Retrieved on 2007-09-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again
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- ^ Philippines—The Human Development Index - going beyond income, United Nations Development Programme, 2007/2008, <http://hdrstats.undp.org/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_PHL.html>. Retrieved on 14 December 2007
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- ^ a b c d Gregorio F. Zaide, Sonia M. Zaide (2004), Philippine History and Government, Sixth Edition, All-Nations Publishing Company
- ^ Agoncillo 1990, p. 22
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- ^ E. San Juan, Jr. (March 22, 2005). E San Juan Jr is a Filipino cultural critic and public intellectual U.S. Genocide in the Philippines: A Case of Guilt, Shame, or Amnesia?.
- ^ San Juan 2007
- ^ Gross, Jane. "Ferdinand Marcos, Ousted Leader Of Philippines, Dies at 72 in Exile", New York Times, September 29, 1989. Retrieved on 2008-01-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
- ^ a b c Gargan, Edward A. . "Last Laugh for the Philippines; Onetime Joke Economy Avoids Much of Asia's Turmoil", New York Times, December 11, 1997. Retrieved on 2008-01-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
- ^ Bonner, Raymond; Carlos H. Conde. "U.S. in Wary Diplomacy With Besieged Philippine Leader", New York Times, July 22, 2005. Retrieved on 2008-01-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
- ^ NCSB Press Release
- ^ Climate of the Philippines at PAGASA. Accessed September 30, 2006
- ^ Kee-Chai Chong; Ian R. Smith & Maura S. Lizarondo (1982), “III. The transformation sub-system: cultivation to market size in fishponds”, Economics of the Philippine Milkfish Resource System, The United Nations University, ISBN 92-808-346-8, <http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80346e/80346E06.htm>
- ^ The 1990 Baguio City Earthquake at City of Baguio. Accessed October 3,2006
- ^ Leyte is Famous For... Accessed September 30, 2006
- ^ As India gets too costly, BPOs turn to Philippines Philippine Daily Inquirer. Accessed October 2, 2006
- ^ RP 2007 GDP grows 7.3%; fastest in 31 yrs, ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs, January 31, 2008
- ^ Philippines Aims to Boost Growth by 2009. ABS-CBN News & Current Affairs Programs Current programs Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common forbes. com. Archived from the original on 2007-02-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Retrieved on 2008-01-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople.
- ^ Large Swiss Firm offers to invest in Philippines Manila Standard. Accessed January 27, 2007
- ^ RP ready for Global Trade, ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs, accessed February 17, 2007
- ^ Beyond Imperial Manila, Manila Standard Today, accessed July 25, 2006
- ^ International Organization Participation CIA World Factbook
- ^ Human Development Indicators. ABS-CBN News & Current Affairs Programs Current programs The Manila Standard Today is the fourth-largest Broadsheet Newspaper in the Philippines as of 2006 Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Retrieved on 2008-01-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople.
- ^ a b The Philippines: People, CIA World Factbook, <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html#People>. Retrieved on 9 January 2008
- ^ "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" (pdf) (2001). American journal of Human Genetics 68: 432-443. (Table 1, p. 434)
- ^ The Ranking of Ethnic Chinese Population. Overseas Compatriate Affairs Commission, R. O. C. (Taiwan). Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
- ^ a b 2000 Census: ADDITIONAL THREE PERSONS PER MINUTE. National Statistics Office. Archived from the original on 2007-04-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Retrieved on 2008-01-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople.
- ^ a b The Jollibee Phenomenon, Jollibee, Inc. , <http://www.jollibee.com.ph/corporate/phenomenon.htm>. Retrieved on 9 January 2008)
External links
Official
- Official website of the Philippine Government - Gateway to governmental sites
Maps
Other
- WOW Philippines Tourism Ad
- Washington Post's: How the Philippines Sees America
- Philippines travel guide from Wikitravel
- Wikia has a wiki on this subject: Philippines
- BBC Country Profile on the Philippines
- CIA World Factbook: Philippines
- U.S. Country Studies: Philippines
- Origins of the Filipinos and Their Languages by Wilhelm G. Solheim II (PDF)
- History of the Philippine Islands in many volumes, from Project Gutenberg (and indexed under Emma Helen Blair, the general editor)
Dictionary
Philippines
-proper noun
- The Republic of the Philippines, a Southeast Asian country comprised of over seven thousand islands in the Pacific Ocean.
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