Citizendia

Comune di Perugia
Coat of arms of Comune di Perugia
Municipal coat of arms

Location of Perugia in Italy
CountryFlag of Italy Italy
RegionUmbria
ProvincePerugia (PG)
Elevation493 m (1,617 ft)
Area449. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Umbria is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Perugia. In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Perugia (Provincia di Perugia is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area 92 km² (174 sq mi)
Population (as of 2007)
 - Total162,275
 - Density361/km² (935/sq mi)
Time zoneCET, UTC+1
Coordinates43°6′44″N, 12°23′20″E
GentilicPerugini
Dialing code075
Postal code06100
FrazioniSee list
PatronSt. Constantius, St. Herculanus, St. Lawrence
 - Day29 January
Website: http://www.comune.perugia.it/

Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river, and the capital of the province of Perugia. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative Saint Constantius (also known as Costantius Constance or Costanzo (d Saint Herculanus (Sant' Ercolano of Perugia (d 549 was a Bishop of Perugia and is Patron saint of that city Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Umbria is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Perugia. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Tiber ( Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere) is the third-longest River in Italy, rising in the Apennine mountains The Province of Perugia (Provincia di Perugia is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area The city symbol is the griffin, which can be seen in the form of plaques and statues on buildings around the city. The griffin is a Legendary creature with the body of a Lion and the head and often wings of an Eagle.

Perugia is a notable artistic center of Italy. The famous painter Pietro Vannucci, nicknamed Perugino, was a native of Perugia. Pietro Perugino (1446–1524 was the leading painter of the Umbrian school who developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance He decorated the local Sala del Cambio with a beautiful series of frescoes; eight of his pictures can also be admired in the National Gallery of Umbria. [1] Perugino was the teacher of Raphael,[2] the great Renaissance artist who produced five paintings in Perugia (today no longer in the city)[3] and one fresco. Raphael Sanzio, usually known by his first name alone (in Italian Raffaello) (April 6 or March 28 1483 – April 6 1520 was an Italian painter and The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere [4] Another famous painter, Pinturicchio, lived in Perugia. Bernardino di Betto, called Pintoricchio or Pinturicchio (1454 &ndash 1513 was an Italian painter of the Renaissance Galeazzo Alessi is the most famous architect from Perugia. Galeazzo Alessi ( 1512 - December 30, 1572) was an Italian architect from Perugia, known throughout Europe for his distinctive style based on

Contents

History

Perugia was an Umbrian settlement[5] but first appears in written history as Perusia, one of the twelve confederate cities of Etruria;[5] it was first mentioned in Q. Fabius Pictor's account, utilized by Livy, of the expedition carried out against the Etruscan league by Fabius Maximus Rullianus[6] in 310 or 309 BC. History and Geography The Umbri are one of the oldest races of indigenous people in Italy ( Pliny, Natural History Vol 3 The ancient Perusia, now Perugia, first appears in history as one of the 12 confederate cities of Etruria. Etruria &mdash usually referred to in Greek and Latin source texts as Tyrrhenia &mdash was a region of Central Italy, located in an area Quintus Fabius Pictor (c 254 BC -? was one of the earliest Roman Historians and considered the first of the Annalists. Titus Livius (traditionally 59 BC &ndash AD 17 known as Livy in English, was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus (or Rullus) son of Marcus, of the Patrician Fabii of Ancient Rome, was five times Consul At that time a thirty-year indutia (truce) was agreed upon;[7] however, in 295 Perusia took part in the Third Samnite War and was reduced, with Vulsinii and Arretium (Arezzo), to seek for peace in the following year. A ceasefire (or truce) is a temporary stoppage of a War or any Armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century involving Arezzo ( Latin Arretium) is a city in central Italy, capital of the province of the same name, located in [8]

In 216 and 205 BC it assisted Rome in the Second Punic War but afterwards it is not mentioned until 41-40 BC, when Lucius Antonius took refuge there, and was reduced by Octavian after a long siege, and its senators sent to their death. The Second Punic War (referred to as "The War Against Hannibal" by the Romans lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western Lucius Antonius may refer to Lucius Antonius (brother of Mark Antony, the brother of Mark Antony Lucius Antonius (grandson of Mark Antony Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was A number of lead bullets used by slingers have been found in and around the city. [9] The city was burnt, we are told, with the exception of the temples of Vulcan and Juno— the massive Etruscan terrace-walls,[10] naturally, can hardly have suffered at all— and the town, with the territory for a mile round, was allowed to be occupied by whomever chose. In ancient Roman religion and Hellenic neopaganism, Vulcan is the god of beneficial and hindering fire including the fire of Volcanoes He is also In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera (ˈhɪərə or /ˈhɛrə/ Greek) or Here ( in Ionic and Homer It must have been rebuilt almost at once, for several bases for statues exist, inscribed Augusta sacr(um) Perusia restituta; but it did not become a colonia, until 251-253 AD, when it was resettled as Colonia Vibia Augusta Perusia, under the emperor C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus. A Roman colonia (plural coloniae) was originally a Roman outpost established in conquered territory to secure it Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus (206 - August 253 was Roman Emperor from 251 to 253 in a joint rule with his son Volusianus. [11]

It is hardly mentioned except by the geographers until it was the only city in Umbria to resist Totila, who captured it and laid the city waste in 547, after a long siege, apparently after the city's Byzantine garrison evacuated. Totila (died Jul 1 552) was king of the Ostrogoths from 541 until his death Negotiations with the besieging forces fell to the city's bishop, Herculanus, as representative of the townspeople. Saint Herculanus (Sant' Ercolano of Perugia (d 549 was a Bishop of Perugia and is Patron saint of that city [12] Totila is said to have ordered the bishop to be flayed and beheaded. Flaying is the removal of Skin from the Body. Generally an attempt is made to keep the removed portion of skin intact St. Herculanus (Sant'Ercolano) later became the city's patron saint. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members [13]

In the Lombard period Perugia is spoken of as one of the principal cities of Tuscia. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Tuscia is a historical region of Italy that comprised the southern territories under Etruscan influence [14] In the ninth century, with the consent of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious, it passed under the popes; but by the eleventh century its commune was asserting itself, and for many centuries the city continued to maintain an independent life, warring against many of the neighbouring lands and cities— Foligno, Assisi, Spoleto, Todi, Siena, Arezzo, etc. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic Administrative division of both provinces and regions and may be properly approximated in Foligno, (Latin Fulginiae Fulginium) is an ancient town of Italy in the Province of Perugia in east central Umbria, on the Topino river Assisi (əˈsiːzi or /əˈsiːsi/ ( Latin: Asisium) is a Town in Italy in Province of Perugia, Italy, in the Umbria For the festival in South Carolina see Spoleto Festival USA. Spoleto ( Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Todi is a town and Comune (municipality of the Province of Perugia ( Umbria) in central Italy. Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Siena. Arezzo ( Latin Arretium) is a city in central Italy, capital of the province of the same name, located in In 1186 Henry VI, rex romanorum and future emperor, granted diplomatic recognition to the consular government of the city; afterward Pope Innocent III, whose major aim was to give state dignity to the dominions having been constituting the patrimony of St. Peter, acknowledged the validity of the imperial statement and recognized the established civic practices having the force of law. Henry VI (November 1165 – 28 September 1197) was King of Germany from 1190 to 1197 Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 to 1197 and King Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire Pope Innocent III ( February 22, 1161 &ndash June 16, 1216) born Lotario de' Conti di Segni, was Pope from January The expression Patrimonium Sancti Petri, or shorter Patrimonium Petri, meaning 'Patrimony of (Saint Peter' originally designated the landed possessions and revenues of [15]

Medieval aqueduct.
Medieval aqueduct.

On various occasions the popes found asylum from the tumults of Rome within its walls, and it was the meeting-place of five conclaves, including those which elected Honorius III (1216), Clement IV (1285), Celestine V (1294), and Clement V (1305); the papal presence was characterized by a pacificatory rule between the internal rivalries. A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor Pope Honorius III (1148 &ndash March 18 1227) born Cencio, was Pope from 1216 to 1227 Pope Clement IV ( Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, November 23, year ca 1195 &ndash November 29, 1268 in Viterbo) born Gui Faucoi Pope Clement V' (About 1264 &ndash April 20, 1314) born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled de Gouth and de [15] But Perugia had no mind simply to subserve the papal interests and never accepted papal sovereignty: the city used to exercise a jurisdiction over the members of the clergy, moreover in 1282 Perugia was excommunicated due to a new military offensive against the Ghibellines regardless of a papal prohibition. In the other hand side by side with the thirteenth-century bronze griffin of Perugia above the door of the Palazzo dei Priori stands, as a Guelphic emblem, the lion, and Perugia remained loyal for the most part to the Guelph party in the struggles of Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Palazzo dei Priori Perugia is among the most renowned civic structures built by Italian communes of Central Italy during the High Middle Ages to house their city The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy However this dominant tendency was rather an anti-Germanic and Italian political strategy. [15] The Angevin presence in Italy appeared offer a counterpoise to papal powers: in 1319 Perugia declared the Angevin Saint Louis of Toulouse "Protector of the city's sovereignty and of the Palazzo of its Priors"[16] and set his figure among the other patron saints above the rich doorway of the Palazzo dei Priori. Angevin (ˈændʒəvɪn ( French, from Old French, from Medieval Latin Andegavinus from Andegavia Anjou, France) is the name applied Saint Louis of Toulouse (February 1274 &ndash August 19, 1297) was a cadet of the royal French House of Anjou who was made a Catholic The Palazzo dei Priori Perugia is among the most renowned civic structures built by Italian communes of Central Italy during the High Middle Ages to house their city At the half of the 14th century Bartholus of Sassoferrato, who was a renowned jurist, asserted that Perugia was dependent upon neither imperial nor papal support. Bartolus de Saxoferrato (Italian Bartolo da Sassoferrato; 1313 &ndash July 13 1357) was an Italian law professor and one of the most prominent continental [15] In 1347, at the time of Rienzi's unfortunate enterprise in reviving the Roman republic, Perugia sent ten ambassadors to pay him honour; and, when papal legates sought to coerce it by foreign soldiers, or to exact contributions, they met with vigorous resistance, which broke into open warfare with Pope Urban V in 1369; in 1370 the noble party reached an agreement signing the treaty of Bologna and Perugia was forced to accept a papal legate; however the vicar-general of the Papal States, Gérard du Puy, Abbot of Marmoutier and nephew of Gregory IX,[17] was expelled by a popular uprising in 1375, and his fortification of Porta Sole was razed to the ground. Cola di Rienzo or di Rienzi ( c 1313 – October 8, 1354) was an Italian medieval politician and popular leader Tribune Blessed Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy Gérard du Puy (died February 14 1389 was a French cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Cardinal-nephew of Pope Gregory XI. Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was Pope from March 19, 1227 to August [18]

Civic peace was constantly disturbed in the fourteenth century by struggles between the party representing the people (Raspanti) and the nobles (Beccherini). After the assassination in 1398 of Biordo Michelotti, who had made himself lord of Perugia, the city became a pawn in the Italian Wars, passing to Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1400), to Pope Boniface IX (1403), and to Ladislas of Naples (1408-14) before it settled into a period of sound governance under the Signoria of the condottiero Braccio da Montone (1416-24), who reached a concordance with the Papacy. Biordo Michelotti (1352 &ndash March 10 1398) was an Italian Condottiero, who was lord of Perugia and commander-in-chief of the Gian Galeazzo Visconti (November 1351 – September 3, 1402) son of Galeazzo II Visconti and Bianca di Savoia, was the first Duke of Milan Pope Boniface IX (1356 &ndash October 1, 1404) born Piero Tomacelli, was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November Ladislas the Magnanimous (also spelled Ladislaus; July 14, 1376 / February 11, 1377 &ndash August 6 A Signoria (from Signore or Lord) was an abstract noun meaning (roughly 'government governing authority de facto sovereignty lordship in many of the Condottieri (singular condottiero, rarely condottiero) were Mercenary leaders employed by the Italian City-states from the Late Middle Braccio da Montone, born Andrea Fortebracci, and also known as Braccio Fortebraccio ( 1 July 1368 &ndash 5 June 1424) was Following mutual atrocities of the Oddi and the Baglioni families, power was at last concentrated in the Baglioni, who, though they had no legal position, defied all other authority, though their bloody internal squabbles culminated in a massacre, 14 July 1500. [18] Gian Paolo Baglioni was lured to Rome in 1520 and beheaded by Leo X; and in 1540 Rodolfo, who had slain a papal legate, was defeated by Pier Luigi Farnese, and the city, captured and plundered by his soldiery, was deprived of its privileges. Gian Paolo Baglioni (c 1470 - June 1520 was an Italian condottiero and lord of Perugia. Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death Pier Luigi Farnese ( November 19, 1503 - September 10, 1547) was the first Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro A citadel known as the Rocca Paolina, after the name of Pope Paul III, was built, to designs of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger "ad coercendam Perusinorum audaciam. Pope Paul III ( February 29, 1468 &ndash November 10, 1549) born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, born Antonio Cordiani ( April 12, 1484 - August 3, 1546) was an Italian architect active "[19]

Palazzo dei Priori: the center of communal government.
Palazzo dei Priori: the center of communal government.

In 1797, the city was conquered by French troops. Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common On 4 February 1798, the Tiberina Republic was formed, with Perugia as capital, and the French tricolour as flag. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The National flag of France (known in French as drapeau tricolore, drapeau français,and in military parlance les couleurs In 1799, the Tiberina Republic merged to the Roman Republic. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Roman Republic (Repubblica Romana was proclaimed on February 15, 1798 after Louis Alexandre Berthier, a general of Napoleon, had invaded

In 1832, 1838, 1854 and 1997 Perugia was visited by earthquakes; Following the collapse of the Roman republic of 1848-49, when the Rocca was in part demolished,[18] in May 1849 it was seized by the Austrians. Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian See also Roman Republic, Roman Republic (18th century The Roman Republic was a short-lived (four months state established on February 8 In June 1859 the inhabitants rebelled against the temporal authority of the Pope and established a provisional government but the insurrection was bloodily defeated by Pius IX's troops. Blessed Pope Pius IX (May 13 1792 &ndash February 7 1878 born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was Pope from June 16 1846 until 1878 [20] In September 1860 the city was finally united, along with the rest of Umbria, to the Kingdom of Italy. Umbria is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Perugia. The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom

Economy

Perugia has become famous for chocolate, mostly because of a single firm, Perugina, whose Baci (kisses) are widely exported. Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree Perugina is an Italian Confectionery company based in Perugia, Italy. Perugina is an Italian Confectionery company based in Perugia, Italy. [21] Perugian chocolate is very popular in Italy,[22] and the city hosts a chocolate festival every October. [23]

Festivals

Perugia also hosts one of Europe's largest jazz festivals in early July.

In July 2007, Perugia hosted the International IUGG Assembly, a four-yearly event that is one of the largest gatherings of Earth scientists.

Education

Perugia today hosts two main universities, the ancient Università degli Studi and the Foreigners University (Università per Stranieri). University of Perugia ( Italian Università degli Studi di Perugia) is a public-owned university based in Perugia, Italy. The University for Foreigners Perugia (Università per Stranieri di Perugia is a university located in Perugia, Italy. Stranieri serves as an Italian language and culture school for students from all over the world. [24] Other educational institutions are the Perugia Fine Arts Academy "Pietro Vannucci" (founded in 1573), the Perugia Music Conservatory for the study of classical music, and the RAI Public Broadcasting School of Radio-Television Journalism. [25] The city is also host to the Umbra Institute, an accredited university program for American students studying abroad. [26] The Università dei Sapori (University of Tastes), a National centre for Vocational Education and Training in Food, is located in the city as well. [27]

Fontana Maggiore.
Fontana Maggiore.
Etruscan Arch.
Etruscan Arch.

Frazioni

The comune includes the frazioni of Bagnaia, Bosco, Capanne, Casa del Diavolo, Castel del Piano, Cenerente, Civitella Benazzone, Civitella d'Arna, Collestrada, Colle Umberto I, Cordigliano, Colombella, Farneto, Ferro di Cavallo, Fontignano, Fratticiola Selvatica, La Bruna, La Cinella, Lacugnano, Lidarno, Migiana di Monte Tezio, Monte Bagnolo, Monte Corneo, Montelaguardia, Monte Petriolo, Mugnano, Olmo, Parlesca, Pianello, Piccione, Pila, Pilonico Materno, Ponte della Pietra, Poggio delle Corti, Ponte Felcino, Ponte Pattoli, Ponte Rio, Ponte San Giovanni, Ponte Valleceppi, Prepo, Pretola, Ramazzano-Le Pulci, Rancolfo, Ripa, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Sant'Egidio, Sant'Enea, San Fortunato della Collina, San Giovanni del Pantano, Sant'Andrea d'Agliano, Santa Lucia, San Marco, Santa Maria Rossa, San Martino dei Colli, San Martino in Campo, San Martino in Colle, San Sisto, Solfagnano, Villa Pitignano. A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative Collestrada, in the territorio of the suburb of Ponte San Giovanni, saw a battle between the inhabitants of Perugia and Assisi in 1202. Assisi (əˈsiːzi or /əˈsiːsi/ ( Latin: Asisium) is a Town in Italy in Province of Perugia, Italy, in the Umbria

Main sights

Other attractions

Gallery

Corso Vannucci

Palazzo dei Priori

Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo

Local events

Twinnings

Perugia has twin and sister city agreements with the following cities:[31]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ cf. Aix (ɛks or Aix-en-Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Ais de Provença in classical norm or Ais de Prouvènço in Mistralian norm to distinguish This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ARTICLE TEXT BEGINS AFTER THESE COMMENTS - PLEASE READ 1 Please do not edit the lead without reading Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Also see Potsdam New York (in the USA For the Potsdam Conference see Potsdam Conference. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Tübingen, a traditional University town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is situated 30 km (19 miles southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Perugia Calcio is a football club based in Perugia, Umbria, direct heir of the old A University of Perugia ( Italian Università degli Studi di Perugia) is a public-owned university based in Perugia, Italy. Perugia, Raffaele Rossi, Pietro Scarpellini, 1993 (Vol. 1, pg. 337, 344)
  2. ^ ". . . it appears most probable that he did not enter Perugino's studio till the end of 1499, as during the four or five years before that Perugino was mostly absent from his native city. The so-called Sketch Book of Raphael in the academy of Venice contains studies apparently from the cartoons of some of Perugino's Sistine frescoes, possibly done as practice in drawing. " (Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition).
    See also "Perugia". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press. , 2003
  3. ^ The precise role of Raphael in Perugino's works, executed during his apprenticeship, is disputed by scholars. The independent works depicted in Perugia are: the Ansidei Madonna (taken by the French under the terms of the Treaty of Tolentino in 1798), the Pala Baglioni (this masterpiece was expropriated by Scipione Borghese in 1608, cf. The Ansidei Madonna is a Painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Raphael. The Treaty of Tolentino was signed after nine months of negotiations between France and the Papal States on February 19, 1797. The Deposition, also known as burial or Pala Baglioni or Deposizione Borghese, is an oil painting by the Italian High Cardinal Scipione Borghese (1576 – October 2, 1633) was an Italian Renaissance prelate Art collector and member of the noble 'The Guardian, October 19, 2004), the Colonna Altarpiece (formerly located in the convent of St Anthony of Padua cf. The Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints, also known as the Colonna Altarpiece, is a painting by the Italian High Renaissance The Colonna Altarpiece review at Art History), the Connestabile Madonna (this picture was lost to Perugia in 1871, when Count Connestabile sold it to the emperor of Russia for £13,200, cf. The Connestabile Madonna is a small (and probably unfinished Painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. Encyclopedia Britannica), the Oddi Altarpiece (requisitioned by the French in 1798)
  4. ^ a b ". The Oddi altar is an Altarpiece that was painted in 1502-150 . . some studies for the figure of St. John the Martyr which Raphael used in 1505 in his great fresco in the Church of San Severo at Perugia. " (The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci (X)
  5. ^ a b Perugia (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 21, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
  6. ^ "How much of his glory is due to his kinsman, Fabius Pictor, the first historian of Rome, or to the family legends, which found in Etruria the most fitting scene for the exploits of the great Fabian house, we cannot tell" (Walter W. For other people places and things named Fabius see Fabius (disambiguation. How and Henry Devenish Leigh, A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar London:Longmans, Green 1898:112).
  7. ^ Livy ix. 37. 12).
  8. ^ Livy ix. 30. 1-2, 31. 1-3; indutiae with Volsinii, Perusia and Arretium, ix. Volsinii or Vulsinii ( Etruscan: Velzna or Velusna; Greek:, Strabo v 37. 4-5.
  9. ^ cf. Corpus Inscr. Lat. xi. 1212
  10. ^ Etruscan town walls.
  11. ^ Latin inscriptions at two of the preserved Etruscan gates.
  12. ^ Patrick Amory, People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489-554 pp185-86, referring to Perugia in passing, notes the increasingly localized role assumed since the mid-fifth century by the bishops.
  13. ^ Procopius, Bellum Gothicum, 3 (7). 2. 35. 2, characteristically does not mention the incident, reported in Gregory the Great, Dialogues, 13, who imagines a seven-year siege (i. e. since 540, before the accession of Baduila) and dramatically reports Herculanus' grotesque murder. Totila (died Jul 1 552) was king of the Ostrogoths from 541 until his death
  14. ^ Procopius of Caesarea, Gothic Wars I,16 and III,35. Procopius of Caesarea ( Προκόπιος ο Καισαρεύς, c
  15. ^ a b c d cf. Perugia, Raffaele Rossi, Attilio Bartoli Angeli, Roberta Sottani 1993 (Vol. 1, pp. 120-140)
  16. ^ "Avvocato della Signoria cittadina e del Palazzo dei suoi Priori"
  17. ^ Made a cardinal by his uncle, 20 December 1375 (Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: XIV century)
  18. ^ a b c cf. Touring Club Italiano, Guida d'Italia: Umbria (1966)
  19. ^ "in order to bring to heel the audacious Perugini".
  20. ^ cf. Chicago Tribune, Jul 18, 1859 and The outrage of the American witnesses in Perugia, Chicago Tribune, Jul 21, 1859
  21. ^ Nestlè-Perugina produced in 2005 about 1. 5 million Baci a day. In Italy, right in the kisser, The Washington Post, May 29, 2005
  22. ^ The company's plant located in San Sisto (Perugia) is the largest of Nestlé's nine sites in Italy. European Industrial Relations Observatory, April 9, 2003. According to the Nestlé Usa official website today Baci is the most famous chocolate brand in Italy.
  23. ^ Thousands converge on historic city to celebrate everything chocolate, Associated Press, October 21, 2002
  24. ^ BBC students diaries March 13, 2007
  25. ^ See Perugia, University Town and La Repubblica Università - Italian Journalism recognized schools(Italian)
  26. ^ Arcadia University Center for Education Abroad - Course Options at the Umbra Institute.
  27. ^ See the institution educational purposes at the Università dei Sapori official site
  28. ^ A short break in Perugia The Independent - London, June 6, 1999
  29. ^ The Centro Direzionale is mentioned in the Aldo Rossi personal page at the Pritzker Prize official website
  30. ^ The Umbrian musical event is hosted in Perugia since the end of World War II NYT, October 18, 1953
  31. ^ Perugia Official site - Relazioni Internazionali(Italian)

References

External links



Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

Dictionary

Perugia

-proper noun

  1. Province of Umbria, Italy.
  2. A city, the capital of Perugia.
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