P&O Steam Navigation Co.
Type	a DP World company
Founded	1837
Headquarters	London,  United Kingdom
Key people	Sir John Parker (Chairman) Robert Woods (CEO)
Industry	Transport
Products	Ferries, port services, logistics services, real estate:
Revenue	▲ £2. DP World is a subsidiary of Dubai World, a holding company owned by the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 40 billion GBP (2004)
Employees	22,038 (2004)
Website	poferries.com/

The P&O Cruises brand is not owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages P&O Cruises is a United Kingdom -based Cruise line that operates six Cruise ships based in the United Kingdom. For more information, see Carnival Corporation & Plc or P&O Cruises. Carnival Corporation & PLC, a British-American - Panamanian corporation is the world's largest Cruise operator comprising 11 cruise brands including P&O Cruises is a United Kingdom -based Cruise line that operates six Cruise ships based in the United Kingdom.

The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, which is usually known as P&O, was a British shipping and logistics company which dates from the early 19th century. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Shipping is physical process of Transporting goods and Cargo. Logistics is the management of the flow of Goods, Information and other resources including Energy and people between the point of origin and the point The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Its head office was in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In March 2006 it was sold to Dubai Ports World for £3. Stories without links will be removed. News stories must be in English DP World is a subsidiary of Dubai World, a holding company owned by the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. 9 billion. Prior to its takeover, it was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. The FTSE 100 Index (ˈfʊtsiː footsie, abbreviated Financial Times Stock Exchange Index) is a Share index of the 100 most highly capitalised

History

William Fane De Salis (1812-1896), joined P & O in 1849. Director 1851-1895, Chairman 1878-1881.

In 1822 Brodie McGhie Wilcox, a London ship broker, and Arthur Anderson, a sailor from the Shetland Isles, northern Scotland, went into partnership to operate a shipping line, primarily operating routes between England and Spain and Portugal. Shipbroking is an activity which forms part of the international shipping industry. Arthur Anderson (1792 Shetland &ndash 27 February 1868, London) was a Scottish businessman and Liberal politician Shetland (formerly spelled Zetland, from etland; Old Norse non Hjaltland; Sealtainn is an Archipelago off the northeast coast of Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. In 1835 a Dublin shipowner named Captain Richard Bourne joined the business and the three men started a regular steamer service between London and Spain and Portugal - the Iberian Peninsula - using the name Peninsular Steam Navigation Company, with services to Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon and Cádiz. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra For other meanings see Vigo (disambiguation Vigo is the largest city in Galicia, Spain, in terms of population Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight The company flag colours are directly connected with the Peninsular flags: the white and blue represent the Portuguese flag in 1837, and the yellow and red the Spanish flag.

In 1837 the business won a contract from the British Admiralty to deliver mail to the Iberian Peninsula and in 1840 they acquired a contract to deliver mail to Alexandria in Egypt. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The present company, the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company was incorporated in that year by a Royal Charter, and its name therefore includes neither "Plc" nor "Limited". A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company

Mail contracts were to be the basis of P&O's prosperity until the Second World War, but the company also became a major commercial shipping line and passenger liner operator. Mail, or post, is a method for transmitting information and tangible objects wherein written Documents typically enclosed in Envelopes and also World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A passenger ship is a Ship whose primary function is to carry passengers In 1914 it took over the British India Steam Navigation Company, which was then the largest British shipping line, owning 131 steamers. British India Steam Navigation Company was formed in 1856 as the Calcutta and Burmah Steam Navigation Company. In 1918 it gained a controlling interest in the Orient Line, its partner in the England- Australia mail route. "Orient Line" redirects here For the similarly named cruise line see Orient Lines. Further acquisitions followed and the fleet reached a peak of almost 500 ships in the mid 1920s. 85 of the company's ships were sunk in the First World War and 179 in the Second World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Post war

After 1945 the passenger market declined to India, but boomed to Australia with the advent of paid-passages for literate & healthy European immigrants known as Ten Pound Poms. Ten Pound Poms aka Ten Pound Tourists is a colloquial term used in Australia to describe British subjects who migrated to Australia after the P&O built 15 large passenger liners culminating in Canberra, its last & largest in 1961. By 1968 over 1 million immigrants had arrived - many via P&O and Australia ended the program. P&O entered the cruise market and began to sell & scrap many of these liners. This article is about yacht cruising For cruising on cruise liners see the article Cruise ship. It concentrated mainly on cargo ships. A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of Ship or vessel that carries Cargo, goods and materials from one port to another It entered the tanker trade in 1959 and the roll-on roll-off (RORO) ferry business in the mid 1960s. See also Merchant ship Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro Ships are ferries designed to carry wheeled Cargo such as See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and It was also a pioneer of container shipping, as a member of a four company consortium that founded Overseas Containers Limited (OCL). Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers Overseas Containers Limited (OCL was a container shipping company formed by a Consortium of British shipping companies in 1965 By the early 1980s it had converted all of its dry cargo liner routes to container operations and in 1986 it bought out the remaining OCL partners, renaming the operation P&O Containers Limited (P&OCL). P&OCL was merged with Nedlloyd in 1996 to form P&O Nedlloyd. P&O Nedlloyd Container Line Limited was an Anglo-Dutch worldwide ocean-going container shipping line with dual headquarters in London and Rotterdam.

In 1975 P&O established Pandoro for operation of the company's Irish Sea RORO routes. The Irish Sea ( Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann; Scottish Gaelic: Muir Eireann Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, Pandoro was an acronym for P and O Roro. In 1998 P&O European Ferries (Irish Sea) Ltd was formed by the internal merger of Pandoro Ltd. and P&O European (Felixstowe) Ltd. , to run the Irish Sea routes.

In 1987 P&O took over the European Ferries Group which traded as Townsend Thoresen and renamed the company P&O European Ferries.

Over the last quarter of the Twentieth Century P&O also diversified into construction management (through the Bovis companies, which it owned from 1974 to 1999), property investment and development, and a variety of service businesses including exhibition and conference centres, but most of these activities were disposed of following the company's decision in March 1999 to concentrate on its maritime and transport interests. Its P&O Ports and P&O Cold Logistics divisions both developed from P&O's operations in Australia, where it has a leading position in both of these fields.

Fastcraft is the name given to a service implement by shipping company P&O after the split-up of P&O European Ferries in 1998. The P&O Cruises brand is not owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company The first ship was called Superstar Express (entered service in 1998) and sailed alongside the Pride of Cherbourg and Pride of Hampshire to Cherbourg and back. There were decisions to have another one in the next six years.

MS Herald of Free Enterprise incident

On 6 March 1987, the roll on/roll off ferry, MS Herald of Free Enterprise, capsized off the coast of Zeebrugge with 80 crew and 459 passengers aboard. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) See also Merchant ship Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro Ships are ferries designed to carry wheeled Cargo such as Construction In the late 1970s Townsend Thoresen decided to commission the design and construction of three new identical ships for their Dover – Calais route The common definition for capsized refers to when a Boat or Ship is tipped over until disabled Zeebrugge ( Dutch: Zeebrugge, French: Zeebruges, "Seabruges" in literal translation is a village on the coast of Belgium 193 were killed in the capsizing. The operator of the ship, Townsend Thoresen, had been purchased by P&O in 1986. Townsend Thoresen was a Ferry operator based in the United Kingdom formed by the merger of Townsend Brothers Ferries with Thoresen Car Ferries in 1968

The incident resulted in a coroner's inquest and a public inquiry. A jury at the coroner's inquest found a prima facie case that the company was guilty of manslaughter, and the Crown Prosecution Service charged the company and seven employees (see corporate manslaughter). Prima facie is a Latin expression meaning "on its first appearance" or "by first instance" For a discussion of the law in other countries see Manslaughter In the English law of Homicide, manslaughter is a less serious The Crown Prosecution Service, or CPS, is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for public Prosecutions Corporate manslaughter is a Criminal offence in English law, being an act of Homicide committed by a company. The charges did not result in any convictions. As part of the public inquiry, Lord Justice Sheen wrote in a July 1987 report that Townsend Thoresen (the company) possessed a "disease of sloppiness" which permeated the company's hierarchy. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) [1]

^[1]

The cases surrounding the incident set a precedent for the prosecution of corporations in cases of manslaughter and criminal negligence in English law. In Common law legal systems, a precedent or authority is a Legal case establishing a principle or rule that a Court or other judicial In the Criminal law, criminal negligence is one of the three general classes of Mens rea ( Latin for "guilty mind" element required English law is the legal system of England and Wales, and is the basis of Common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countriesand the

Mergers

In 1972 P&O formally aborbed the British-India Steam Navigation Company (BI). British India Steam Navigation Company was formed in 1856 as the Calcutta and Burmah Steam Navigation Company. The amalgamation of these two companies began in 1914 but BI had retained its own identity until this time. Strick Line and Haines Norse, amongst several other lines were also taken over in the early 1970s. The BI cargo ships were renamed Strath*M* (Strathmore Strathmuir, Strathmay etc), the Strick line ships renamed Strath*A* (Strathanna, Strathard, Strathattrick (the big "A") etc) and the Haines Norse ships Strath*T* (Strathtruim, Strathtay etc). The newest ships were the Strath*D*s (Strathduns etc) were SD14s from Newcastle. P&O also purchased 6 ships from Japan (the Strath*e*s referred to above).

Demergers

On October 23, 2000 P&O demerged its cruise business P&O Princess Cruises plc. Carnival Corporation & PLC, a British-American - Panamanian corporation is the world's largest Cruise operator comprising 11 cruise brands including In April 2003 P&O Princess came together with the Carnival Corporation to form Carnival Corporation & plc. Carnival Corporation & PLC, a British-American - Panamanian corporation is the world's largest Cruise operator comprising 11 cruise brands including In June 2004, P&O sold its 25% stake in Royal P&O Nedlloyd, a major container shipping business into which its container operations had been merged in 1996. P&O Nedlloyd Container Line Limited was an Anglo-Dutch worldwide ocean-going container shipping line with dual headquarters in London and Rotterdam. The container company was later (June 2005) purchased by A.P. Moller-Maersk Group. 2005: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October The A P Moller-Maersk Group ( AP Møller-Mærsk Gruppen) is an international Business conglomerate more commonly known simply as Maersk.

The operating profit for 2004 was £268. 3 million.

Takeover by DP World

Main article: DP World controversy

On Sunday October 30, 2005 The Sunday Times reported that P&O was in takeover talks with Thunder FZE, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dubai Ports World, a company owned by the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. The DP World controversy began in February 2006 and rose to prominence as a National security debate in the United States. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. DP World is a subsidiary of Dubai World, a holding company owned by the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Dubai (in دبيّ,) is one of the seven emirates and most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE On November 29, the P&O board announced that it would be recommending an offer of 443 pence per share, worth £3. 3 billion (US$5. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 7 billion) to its shareholders [2]. Ironically in early December P&O regained its status as a FTSE 100 company when BPB plc was taken over. BPB plc was a British company whose main trading name was British Gypsum and which was the world's largest manufacturer of Plasterboard until it was taken over by A bidding war commenced when Singapore's PSA International made a £3. PSA International Pte Ltd is a second largest Port operator in the world 5 billion offer, which Dubai Ports World then topped with a bid of £3. 9bn (US$7bn) [3]. Despite speculation that it would make a higher bid, PSA withdrew, and in February 2006 shareholders voted in favour of the offer from Dubai [4]. The combined group is the world's third largest ports operator.

Controversy

When the merger was approved by the U. S. federal government in February 2006, the Bush Administration came under fire from critics who questioned the decision to allow an Arab-owned company to oversee US ports.

The move placed the leasehold interests of P&O in New York City, Newark, Baltimore, Miami, New Orleans, and Philadelphia under the control of Dubai Ports World. The City of New York Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə US operations represent ten percent of P&O's world-wide operations and consist primarily of cranes and terminals.

Many U. S. politicians and media commentators assumed implicitly that the merger would affect port security at ports P&O managed or did stevedoring. Port security refers to the defense law and treaty enforcement and counterterrorism activities that fall within the port and maritime domain

David Osler, Industrial Shipping Editor of Lloyd's List said that US security procedures and overall port control would not be affected by the transaction. Lloyd's List is one of the world's oldest continuously-running journals having provided weekly shipping news in London as early as 1734. [5]

Several U. S. states sought ways to block the move, citing security concerns as well as the possibility of losing related leases of foreign ports. [6]

President Bush stated he would veto any legislation created with the intent to interfere with the change. [7]

Sale of North American assets

On March 9th, 2006, DP World agreed to sell its terminal operations at the American ports to an American company. On December 11th, 2006, it was announced that AIG Global Investment Group, a division of insurance giant AIG, had acquired P&O Ports North America for an undisclosed sum. [8] Investing in infrastructure has become the latest "hot" item for financial firms, and P&O represented a high-profile asset. AIG GIG is an experienced infrastructure investor globally, having also recently acquired the London City Airport. London City Airport is a single-runway Airport, intended for use by STOL (Short Take Off and Landing Airliners and principally serving the financial ^[2]

References

External links

• DP World Official site
• Official P&O Ferry Ticket Sales and Reservations
• Official P&O Irish Sea Ferry Ticket Sales and Reservations
• Clydeside built P&O ships
• Postcards of P&O ships
• History of P & O April 2007 This page cannot be found.
• A travel journalist's article about P&O Cruises