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A penal colony is a settlement used to detain prisoners and generally use them for penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of the state's (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Penal labour or penal servitude is a form of Unfree labour. The term may refer to two different notions labour as a form of punishment and labour as a form of occupation A prison farm is a large Correctional facility where Hard labor convicts are put to economical use in a 'farm' (in the wide sense of a productive unit usually The most well known was Devil's Island in French Guiana. For other uses see Devils Island. Devil's Island (Île du Diable is the smallest and northernmost island of the three Îles du Salut French Guiana (Guyane française officially fr ''Guyane'' is an Overseas department (French département d'outre-mer, or DOM) of France The British Empire used its colonies in North America as such for more than 150 years and parts of Australia for a further 75 years. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

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Generalities

The prison regime was often harsh, sometimes including severe physical punishment, so even if prisoners were not sentenced for the rest of their natural lives, many died from hunger, disease, medical neglect, excessive labour, or during an escape attempt. Corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of pain intended to Punish a person or change his/her behavior

In the penal colony system, prisoners were sent far away to prevent escape and to discourage returning after their sentence expired. Penal Colonies were often located in frontier lands, especially the more inhospitable parts, where their unpaid labour could benefit the metropoles before immigration labor became available, or even afterwards where they are much cheaper; in fact sometimes people (especially the poor, following a similar social logic as could see them domestically 'employed' in a poorhouse) were sentenced for trivial or dubious offenses to generate cheap labor. The metropole, from the Greek Metropolis 'mother city' (polis being a city state hence also used for any colonizing 'mother country' in ecclesiastical languages an archbishopric having Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term poorhouse or workhouse is a government-run Facility for the support and housing of dependent or needy persons typically run by a local government entity such as a

British Empire

The British used North America as a penal colony both in the usual sense and through the system of indentured servitude. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 An indentured servant is a form of Debt bondage worker The Laborer is under Contract of an Employer for some period of time usually three to Most notably, the Province of Georgia was originally designed as a penal colony. The Province of Georgia (also Georgia Colony) was one of the Southern colonies in British North America. Convicts would be transported by private sector merchants and auctioned off to plantation owners upon arrival in the colonies. It is generously estimated that some 50,000 British convicts were sent to colonial America, representing perhaps one-quarter of all British emigrants during the eighteenth century.

When that avenue closed in the 1780s after the American Revolution, Britain began using parts of modern day Australia as penal colonies. Events and trends 1783 First manned Hot air balloon invented in France. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Some of these early colonies were Norfolk Island, Van Diemen's Land and New South Wales. Norfolk Island ( Norfuk: Norfuk Ailen) is a small inhabited island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand Van Diemen's Land was the original name used by Europeans for the island of Tasmania, now part of Australia. Advocates of Irish Home Rule or of Trade Unionism (the Tolpuddle Martyrs) often received sentences of deportation to these Australian colonies. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Home rule refers to a demand that constituent parts of a state be given greater self-government within the greater administrative purview of the central government A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming The Tolpuddle Martyrs were a group of 19th century British labourers who were arrested for and convicted of swearing a secret oath as members of the Friendly Society In Law, a sentence forms the final act of a Judge -ruled process and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function

In colonial India, the British had made various penal colonies. Two of the most infamous ones are on the Andaman islands and Hijli. The Andaman Islands are a group of islands in the Bay of Bengal, and are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India. Hijli Detention Camp, located in Hijli, beside Kharagpur, (a part of former Hijli Kingdom) in the district of Midnapore West, West Bengal

Elsewhere

In fiction

The concept of remote and inhospitable prison planets has been employed by science fiction writers. A planet, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU is a celestial body Orbiting a Star or stellar remnant that is Some famous examples include:

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