Pay-per-view (often abbreviated PPV) is the system in which television viewers can purchase events to be seen on TV and pay for the private telecast of that event to their homes. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The event is shown at the same time to everyone ordering it, as opposed to video on demand systems, which allow viewers to see the event at any time. Video on demand ( VOD) or Audio video on demand ( AVOD) systems allow users to select and watch/listen Events can be purchased using an on-screen guide, an automated telephone system, or through a live customer service representative. Events include feature films, sporting events, and pornographic movies. Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Pornographic films are Motion pictures with the purpose of promoting sexual arousal in the viewer often featuring depictions of sexual activity

The pay-per-view industry is generally regarded as a separate industry from television, even though they are fundamentally connected. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic For example, in the DVD The History of TNA: Year 1, produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, Bob Ryder explained his idea for "starting a wrestling promotion that doesn't need television; let's just go straight to pay-per-view. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA) is an American Professional wrestling promotion founded by Jeff Jarrett and his father Jerry Jarrett Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA) is an American Professional wrestling promotion founded by Jeff Jarrett and his father Jerry Jarrett Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic "

Contents 1 Early Adoption 2 UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) 3 HBO PPV 4 Early History (Americas) 5 History (Europe) 6 History (Australia, NZ & Pacific Islands) 7 Availability 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

Early Adoption

Pay-per-view began becoming popular when the NBA's Portland Trail Blazers began using the system after winning the championship in the 1977 season. The Portland Trail Blazers, commonly known as the Blazers, is an American professional Basketball team based in Portland, Oregon. During that time, it was operated on a few pay-TV services such as Z Channel, SelecTV, and ON-TV in select markets throughout the 1980s. The Z Channel was one of the first pay cable stations in the United States. SelecTV was a subscription ( Pay TV) television service beginning operation in 1976 and ending in 1991 For the station in Hamilton Ontario that used the branding "OnTV" during the 1990s see CHCH-TV.

The first major pay-per-view event occurred on September 16, 1981, when Sugar Ray Leonard fought Thomas "Hitman" Hearns for the Welterweight Championship. Viacom Cablevision in Nashville, Tennessee, was the first system to offer the event and sold over fifty percent of its subscribers for the fight. Leonard visited Nashville to promote the fight, the event was such a success that Viacom's Annual Report that year was themed around the fight. Viacom's Marketing Director was Pat Thompson who put together the fight and subsequently put together additional PPV fights, wrestling matches, and even a Broadway play.

After leaving Viacom, Thompson became head of Sports View and produced the first pay-per-view football game on October 16, 1983, Tennessee versus Alabama from Birmingham, Alabama. Birmingham (ˈbɝmɪŋhæm is the largest City in the US state of Alabama and is the County seat of Jefferson County. Sports View was instrumental in building pay-per-view networks and was the early pioneer in developing TigerVision for LSU, TideVision for Alabama, and UT Vol Seat for Tennessee. Sports View also produced the Ohio State-Michigan Football game on PPV in November of 1983.

In 1985, the first U. S. cable channels devoted to pay-per-view, Viewers Choice, Cable Video Store, and Request TV began operation within days of each other. For the song by Texas see In Demand (Texas song. In Demand (capitalized as a Trademark as iN DEMAND) is a Cable Video Store (CVS, is a defunct pay-per-view (PPV service that was launched in 1985 by General Instruments Request TV is a defunct Pay-per-view service which was owned by Liberty Media and Twentieth Century Fox that was launched in 1985 Viewers Choice was available to both home satellite dish and cable customers, while Request TV was available to cable viewers but would not be available to dish owners until the 1990s.

However, the term "pay-per-view" wasn't widely used until the 1990s, when companies like iN DEMAND, HBO, and Showtime started using the system to show movies and some of their productions. For the song by Texas see In Demand (Texas song. In Demand (capitalized as a Trademark as iN DEMAND) is a Showtime is a subscription television Brand used by a number of channels and platforms around the world but primarily refers to a group of channels in the United In Demand would show movies, concerts, and other events, with prices ranging from $3. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 99 to $49. 99, while HBO and Showtime, with their legs TVKO and SET Pay Per View, would offer championship boxing, with prices ranging from $14. Showtime is a subscription television Brand used by a number of channels and platforms around the world but primarily refers to a group of channels in the United Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, 99 to $54. 99.

ESPN has shown college football and basketball games on pay-per-view. ESPN, originally an acronym for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, is an American Cable television network dedicated to College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m The boxing undercard Latin Fury, shown on June 28, 2003, became ESPN's first boxing pay-per-view card and also the first pay-per-view boxing card held in Puerto Rico. Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ESPN, originally an acronym for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, is an American Cable television network dedicated to Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Pay-per-view is also a very important revenue stream for professional wrestling companies like WWE and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). Professional wrestling, or pro wrestling, is a non-competitive professional Sport, where all matches are scripted by the promotion's booking staff World Wrestling Entertainment Inc ( WWE) is a publicly traded privately controlled integrated media (focusing in Television, Internet, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA) is an American Professional wrestling promotion founded by Jeff Jarrett and his father Jerry Jarrett

UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship)

Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a relative newcomer on the pay-per-view scene, "matched the once-dominant World Wrestling Entertainment Inc. in pay-per-view revenues during 2006 and surpassed boxing-titan HBO. The three companies make up the bulk of the pay-per-view business. " According to Deana Myers, a senior analyst at Kagan Research LLC that tracks the industry, "UFC has reinvigorated the pay-per-view category. "^[1]

In 2007, UFC officially took over as the "king of pay-per-view". Of the 15 biggest PPV events of 2007 in North America, UFC had eight, four for boxing and three for World Wrestling Entertainment. ^[2]

HBO PPV

In 2006, HBO engendered 3,700,000 pay-per-view buys with $177,000,000 in gross sales. The only year with more buys than that was 1999, when the total was 4,000,000. However, the record fell in 2007 when HBO sold 4,800,000 PPV buys with $255,000,000 in sales. [1]

But 1999 was very different than 2006. 1999 was the year of De La Hoya-Trinidad (1,400,000 buys), Holyfield-Lewis I (1,200,000), Holyfield-Lewis II (850,000), and De La Hoya-Quartey (570,000). By contrast, the only pay-per-view mega fight in 2006 was De La Hoya-Mayorga (925,000 buys). Rahman-Maskaev was a bust with under 50,000. The other eight PPV cards last year were all in the 325,000-450,000 range. Pay-per-view fights in that range almost always generate more money for the promoter and fighters than HBO is willing to pay for an HBO World Championship Boxing license fee.

In May 2007, the Oscar De La Hoya VS Floyd Mayweather Jr. fight on HBO PPV not only became the biggest selling non-heavyweight title fight of all time, but the biggest of all time period, with 2. 5 million buyers. The fight itself generated roughly $134. 4 million dollars in domestic PPV revenue, making it the richest prizefight of all time. In December 2007's Floyd Mayweather Jr. VS Ricky Hatton fight is on-track to sell well over 1. 5 million PPV buys, making Mayweather the only non-heavyweight fighter of all-time to sell two million-plus selling PPV bouts in one calendar year.

The leading PPV seller is Oscar De La Hoya, who has sold approximately 12. 8 million units total, giving $612 million in domestic television receipts. In second place in buys is Evander Holyfield, with 12. 6 million units ($543 million), and in third in Mike Tyson, with 12. 4 million units ($545 million). ^[3]

HBO Sports President Ross Greenburg calls the expansion of pay-per-view "the biggest economic issue in boxing" and says, "I can't tell you that pay-per-view helps the sport because it doesn't. It hurts the sport because it narrows our audience, but it's a fact of life. Every time we try to make an HBO World Championship Boxing fight, we're up against mythical pay-per-view numbers. HBO doesn't make a lot of money from pay-per-view. There's usually a cap on what we can make. But the promoters and fighters insist on pay-per-view because that's where their greatest profits lie. "

"It's a big problem," Greenburg continues. "It's getting harder and harder to put fighters like Manny Pacquiao on HBO World Championship Boxing. If Floyd Mayweather beats Oscar, he might never fight on HBO World Championship Boxing again. But if HBO stopped doing pay-per-view, the promoters would simply do it on their own [like Bob Arum did with Cotto-Malignaggi in June 2006] or find someone else who will do it for them. "

Former HBO Sports President Seth Abraham concurs, saying, "I think, if Lou (DiBella) and I were still at HBO, we'd be in the same pickle as far as the exodus of fights to pay-per-view is concerned. " (Credit SecondsOut: http://www.secondsout.com/usa/colhauser.cfm?ccs=208&cs=21089)

Early History (Americas)

The first pay-per-view system tested in the United states was the Zenith Phonevision system. In broad terms the zenith is the direction pointing directly above a particular location ( Perpendicular, Orthogonal) Developed in 1949, it used telephone lines to take and receive orders as well as descramble a broadcast signal. Field tests were run for 90 days in Chicago. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. In 1950, Skiatron tested its Subscriber-Vision system on WOR in New York City. WWOR-TV, channel 9 is a MyNetworkTV -affiliated television station licensed to Secaucus New Jersey, and serving the New York City metropolitan area The City of New York The system used IBM punch cards to descramble the signal which was broadcast during the broadcasts stations "off-time". Both systems showed promise, but were denied permits by the FCC ^[4]

One of the earliest pay-per-view systems on cable the Optical Systems Channel 100, which first saw service in 1972 in San Diego through Mission Cable^[5] (acquired by Cox Communications) and TheaterVisioN, which ran out of Sarasota, Florida. Channel 100 was a Pay television channel company run by Jeff Nathanson and Alan Greenstadt Cox Communications, also known as Cox Cable and formerly Cox Broadcasting Corporation is a privately owned subsidiary of Cox Enterprises providing digital Sarasota is a city located in Sarasota County on the southwestern coast of the state of Florida in the United States. These early systems quickly went out of business, as the cable industry adopted satellite technology and flat rate systems like Home Box Office became popular.

History (Europe)

Pay-per-view was first adopted in the UK with the use of selective access satellite television and cable systems.

History (Australia, NZ & Pacific Islands)

Pay-per-view was introduced by Foxtel direct to home television in Australia and NZ in the early 2000s and by Sky Pacific in Fiji and other Pacific Island Nations in 2006.

Availability

In the U.S., two direct-to-home (DTH) digital broadcast satellite (DBS) providers DirecTV and Dish Network allow customers to order with the remote control. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A digital system uses discrete (discontinuous values usually but not always Symbolized Numerically (hence called "digital" to represent information for For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. DirecTV (trademarked as "DIREC' TV' " is a Direct broadcast satellite (DBS service based in El Segundo California, USA, that was founded Not be confused with Indian Service Dish TV DISH Network is a Direct broadcast satellite (DBS service that provides Satellite television A remote control is an electronic device used for the remote operation of a Machine. The unit later calls out on a PSTN line using an 800 number and connects via dial-up modem, adding the cost of the movie or sporting event to the account. A toll-free, Freecall, Freephone, or 800 number is a special Telephone number, in that the Called party is charged the cost of the Modem (from mo dulator- dem odulator is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode Digital information A similar system is used by Foxtel in Australia where the unit instead calls out using an 0198 number. Foxtel is an Australian Pay television company formed through a joint venture between Telstra, News Corporation and Consolidated Media For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Digital cable subscribers also have similar capability by using the bidirectional capabilities of digital cable technology instead of a telephone line. Digital cable is a type of Cable television distribution using Digital Video compression. Digital cable is a type of Cable television distribution using Digital Video compression. Technology is a broad concept that deals with a Species ' usage and knowledge of Tools and Crafts and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information Similar systems are in use by Sky Digital in the United Kingdom. Sky Digital is the brand name for British Sky Broadcasting 's digital Satellite television service transmitted from SES Astra satellites located at 28 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

In Canada, Viewers Choice offers pay-per-view services through various Canadian satellite TV and digital cable television providers, including Rogers Digital Cable, Star Choice, and MTS. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Viewers Choice is a Canadian English language regional Pay-per-view and Near Video on Demand service that is designated to operate east of the Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable Digital cable is a type of Cable television distribution using Digital Video compression. Rogers Cable Inc, a subsidiary of Rogers Communications Inc is Canada 's largest Cable television service provider with about 2 Star Choice is a Direct broadcast satellite Television distributor in Canada which is majority-owned by Cable TV operator Shaw Communications Manitoba Telecom Services Inc ( or MTS, formerly Manitoba Telephone System is the primary telecommunications carrier in the Canadian Province of Prices range from $5. 99 CAD for movies, up to $20 CAD or more for special events. (Ex. WWE and ECW pay-per-views, which usually cost $39. 95 for normal 3-hour PPV's, and $49. 95 for the 4-hour WrestleMania special. This article is about the WrestleMania PPV series in general for the first WrestleMania itself see WrestleMania (1985. ) Bell ExpressVu delivers its own pay-per-view service, Vu!, to its satellite subscribers. Prices range from $4. 99 CAD up to $20 or more for special events. It also runs Venus, an adult pay-per-view service, to its satellite subscribers for $9. 99 per movie.

Pay-per-view has also been introduced in Europe and many other areas of the world. "The world " is a proper noun for the planet Earth envisioned from an Anthropocentric or Human Worldview, as a place In the UK, Sky's PremPlus (which last broadcast in 2007) and Sky Box Office services have proved popular with viewers. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located British Sky Broadcasting ( BSkyB — Sky Television and BSB) is a company that operates Sky Digital, a subscription television service in the PremPlus or Premiership Plus was Sky Sports ' first and only Pay-per-view channel which was dedicated to airing live and interactive Premiership Sky Box Office is the name of BSkyB 's Pay Per View (PPV system

See also

• Conditional access

References

External links

• Capsule history at Museum of Broadcast Communications

Conditional Access (abbreviated CA) is the protection of content by requiring certain criteria to be met before granting access to this content

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic