Party of European Socialists
Sozialdemokratische Partei Europas Parti socialiste européen Partito Socialista Europeo Partido socialista europeo
President	Poul Nyrup Rasmussen MEP (party) Martin Schulz MEP (group)
Founded	1953 (group) 1973 (confederation) 1992 (party)
Headquarters	Rue du Trône/Troonlaan, 98 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Political Ideology	Social democracy and Democratic socialism
International Affiliation	Socialist International
European Parliament Group	Forms own group
Colours	Red
Website	www.pes.eu
See also	Politics of the EU Political parties Elections

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The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party comprising of thirty-three socialist, social democratic and labour parties from each European Union member state and Norway. Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (⁽ˈ⁾pʰʌʊ̯l ny(ːɔb̥ ˈʁɑsmusn̩ informally nyːˀɔb̥ born June 15, 1943) was the Prime Minister of Denmark A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. Martin Schulz (born on 20 December 1955 in Hehlrath) is a German Politician and Member of the European Parliament Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements tendencies and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength The European Union is a unique entity possessing elements of Intergovernmentalism, Supranationalism and a Multi-party Parliamentary democracy A European political party, formally a political party at European level, informally (especially in academic circles a Europarty, is a type of Political party Elections in the European Union take place every five years by universal adult suffrage. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The European Union is a unique entity possessing elements of Intergovernmentalism, Supranationalism and a Multi-party Parliamentary democracy The Treaties of the European Union are a set of international treaties between the Union's member states which sets out the counstitutional basis of the The Maastricht Treaty (formally the Treaty on European Union, TEU) was signed on 7 February 1992 in Maastricht, the Netherlands after final The Treaty of Maastricht, which established the European Union, divided EU policies into three main areas called pillars. The Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty of the European Union the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, commonly known as the Amsterdam Treaty The Nice Treaty was signed by European leaders on 26 February, 2001 and came into force on 1 February 2003. The Treaty of Lisbon (also known as the Reform Treaty) is a Treaty designed to streamline the workings of the European Union (EU with amendments to the There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the European Union. José Manuel Durão Barroso (ʒuˈzɛ mɐnuˈɛɫ duˈɾɐ̃ũ bɐˈʁozu born 23 March 1956 is the 12th President of the European Commission. The Barroso Commission is the European Commission that has been in office since 22 November 2004 and is due to serve until 31 October 2009 The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU The President of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of the European Parliament. Hans-Gert Pöttering (often written as Poettering; born September 15, 1945 in Bersenbrück, Lower Saxony) is a German A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. The Council of the European Union is the principal decision making institution in the European Union (EU Presidency of the Council of the European Union is the responsibility for the functioning of the Council of the European Union which is rotated between European Union Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Dimitrij Rupel (born April 7, 1946) is a Slovenian Politician and the current Foreign minister of that country The High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (HR is the main co-ordinator of the Common Foreign and Security Policy within the European Union Voting procedures for decisions not requiring unanimity Here is an overview of the formerly used currently used and proposed voting systems employed in the Council of the European The European Council (referred to as a European Summit) is the highest political body of the European Union. There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union This article refers to the European Union court not the European Court of Human Rights of the Council of Europe The Court of Justice The European Court of Auditors is the fifth institution of the European Union (EU The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the Elections in the European Union take place every five years by universal adult suffrage. Elections to the European Parliament were held from 10 June 2004 to 13 June 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according Two member states of the European Union held elections to the European Parliament in 2007. Elections to the European Parliament will be held from 4 June to 7 June 2009 in the 27 member states of the European Union, using varying election In six European Union Member States ( Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom) the national A European political party, formally a political party at European level, informally (especially in academic circles a Europarty, is a type of Political party The European Parliament is unique among supranational assemblies because it organizes itself around ideological rather than national groups Origins of the EU History of the European Union European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC Euratom A Member State of the European Union is any one of the twenty-seven sovereign Nation states that have acceded the European Union (EU since its De facto Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. This article deals with relations between the European Union and third countries The Law of the European Union is the unique legal system which operates alongside the laws of Member States of the European Union (EU In economics a Monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency amongst themselves There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union The agencies of the European Union (or decentralised bodies of the European Union) are bodies which are distinct from the European Union's institutions, Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent A European political party, formally a political party at European level, informally (especially in academic circles a Europarty, is a type of Political party Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better A Member State of the European Union is any one of the twenty-seven sovereign Nation states that have acceded the European Union (EU since its De facto Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional PES forms a parliamentary group in the European Parliament, the Socialist Group, which is the second largest grouping with over 200 MEPs. The European Parliament is unique among supranational assemblies because it organizes itself around ideological rather than national groups The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament.

The Party was founded in 1992 and is led by Poul Nyrup Rasmussen MEP. Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (⁽ˈ⁾pʰʌʊ̯l ny(ːɔb̥ ˈʁɑsmusn̩ informally nyːˀɔb̥ born June 15, 1943) was the Prime Minister of Denmark However the history of the Socialist Group goes back to the beginning of the European Parliament in 1953. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU Until the 1999 European election it had been the largest group elected in Parliament. The 1999 European Parliamentary Election was a European election for all 626 members of the European Parliament held across the 15 European Union The group is currently led by Martin Schulz MEP. Martin Schulz (born on 20 December 1955 in Hehlrath) is a German Politician and Member of the European Parliament

History

In 1952 the Socialist Group was formed and in 1973 the Confederation of Socialist Parties was founded, later becoming the Party of European Socialists in 1992. The party had done well in elections, being the largest single group in Parliament, until 1999 after the Santer Commission crisis. The Santer Commission was the European Commission in office between 23 January 1995 and 15 March

Formation

In 1953, the European Parliament had been established (as the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community), socialist Paul Henri Spaak was elected as its first President. The European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC) was a six-nation International organisation serving to unify Western Europe during the Cold War and creating Paul Henri Charles Spaak (25 January 1899 - 31 July 1972 was a Belgian Socialist Politician and Statesman. The President of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of the European Parliament. The social democrats within the chamber established the Socialist Group to work and vote together. Guy Mollet MEP was elected as its first chair and a bureau and secretariat was established in Luxembourg. Guy Mollet (31 December 1905 - 3 October 1975 was a French Socialist politician The city of Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg Luxemburg also known as Luxembourg City (Stad Lëtzebuerg Ville de Luxembourg Luxemburg Stadt is a commune with city In 1961 the socialists attempted to produce a common European Socialist Programme but were eclipsed by the applications for enlargement. Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. Their 1962 congress pushed for greater democratisation and powers for Parliament though it was only in 1969 that this possibility was examined by the member states. In 1964 the first woman chair was elected: Käte Strobel MEP. In 1971, once more a socialist, Walter Behrendt, is elected President of the Parliament. Walter Behrendt ( September 18, 1914 in Dortmund - July 23, 1997) was a German politician of SPD and president of ^[1]

In 1973, Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom joined the European Community bringing in new parties from these states. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The European Community (EC is one of the Three pillars of the European Union (EU created under the Maastricht Treaty (1992 The enlarged Socialist Congress meet in Bonn and inaugurated the Confederation of the Socialist Parties of the European Community. Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia The Congress also passed a resolution on social policy, including the right to decent work, social security, democracy and equality in the European economy. Social policy relates to guidelines for the changing maintenance or creation of living conditions that are conducive to human welfare. Social security primarily refers to a Social insurance program providing social protection or protection against socially recognized conditions including poverty old Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The economy of the European Union combines the economies of 27 member states and is generating an estimated nominal GDP of € 12581 billion ( $ In 1975 Socialist Georges Spénale was elected President of the Parliament. Georges Spénale (1913 – 20 August 1983) is a French writer poet and politician ^[1]

Elections

With the first direct elections to Parliament coming in 1979, the Confederation approved the first common European election manifesto. The 1979 European elections were parliamentary Elections held across all then-9 European Community member states. For the Roxy Music album see Manifesto (album. A manifesto is a public declaration of principles and intentions often The manifesto had aims to ensure a right to decent work, fight pollution, end discrimination, protect the consumer and promote peace, human right and civil liberties. They following year they won 113 of the 411 seats making them the largest single group. The Confederation approved its first statue in 1980 and the accession of Greece, then Spain and Portugal in that decade brought in more parties. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Socialist Piet Dankert served as Parliament president between 1983 and 1984. Piet Dankert ( January 8, 1934 – June 21, 2003) was a Dutch politician a member of the Partij van de Arbeid. In the 1984 election they won 164 of the 518 seats. The 1984 election to the European Parliament was the first since the inaugural election of 1979 and the 1981 enlargement of the European Community to include Greece ^[1]

In 1987 the Single European Act comes into force the Socialist Group begin co-operation with the People's Party Group in order to generate the majorities demanded under the cooperation procedure. The Single European Act (SEA was the first major revision of the Treaty of Rome that formally established the single European market and the European Political Cooperation This article is about the current European Parliament Group and its predecessors dating back to 1952 The cooperation procedure is one of the legislative procedures of the European Community, the first of the three pillars of the European Union ^[2] With the exception of the 1999-2004 People's-Liberal coalition^[3] the post of President of the Parliament has been split between the EPP and PES from this point on, with the PES Presidents being Enrique Barón Crespo MEP, Klaus Hänsch MEP and Josep Borrell Fontelles MEP. The European Parliament is unique among supranational assemblies because it organizes itself around ideological rather than national groups Enrique Barόn Crespo (born March 27, 1944, Madrid) is a Spanish politician and lawyer Klaus Hänsch (born December 15, 1938 in Sprottau) is a German Politician Josep Borrell Fontelles (born April 24, 1947) is a Spanish politician This left-right coalition has dominated Parliament for this period. ^[4]

Creation of the party

In the 1989 election they won 180 of the 518 seats. The 1989 European Parliamentary Election was a European election held across the 12 European Community member states in June 1989 In 1992, with the creation of the European Union, the Confederation was transformed into the Party of European Socialists. The first manifesto of the party concentrated on job creation, gender equality, environmental and consumer protection, peace and security, regulation of immigration, discouragement of racism, fighting organised crime and democracy. They went onto win 215 of the 626 seats in the 1994 election, the largest and most cohesive group, and Pauline Green MEP was elected Group President, its second female leader. The 1994 European Parliamentary Election was a European election held across the 12 European Union member states in June 1994 Dame Pauline Green DBE (born) is a former Labour and Co-operative Member of the European Parliament and former Leader of the Parliamentary ^[1]

In 1999, the Parliament sparked a crisis when it refused to approve the Commission's handling of the EU budget. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. The European Union (EU is an association of 27 independent member states Allegations of corruption centred on two socialist members of the Commission (Commissioner Édith Cresson and Commissioner Manuel Marín), leading PES to view it as an attempt to discredit them ahead of the 1999 elections. A European Commissioner is a member of the 27-member European Commission. Édith Cresson (born on 27 January 1934 as Édith Campion in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris) is a French politician. Manuel Marín González is a Spanish politician former President of the Congress of Deputies of Spain. The 1999 European Parliamentary Election was a European election for all 626 members of the European Parliament held across the 15 European Union So while the People's Party withdrew support from the Commission to force the member's resignation, the Socialists defended the Commission and attempted to bloc that move with Pauline Green MEP attempting a vote of confidence in the Commission. During this period the two parties took on a rare government-opposition dynamic with the Socialists taking on the position of the government-supporting party. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government particularly in a Westminster -based Parliamentary system However they eventually withdrew their support which forced the resignation of the Santer Commission. The Santer Commission was the European Commission in office between 23 January 1995 and 15 March ^[5]

In the following elections, the People's Party defeated the Socialists, taking 233 seats to the Socialists' 180. ^[6] 2004 brought in a further 10 member states and new parties with them. In the 2004 election the Party lost again, winning just 200 of the 732 seats. Elections to the European Parliament were held from 10 June 2004 to 13 June 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according ^[1]

Historical leaders

Presidents of the Party of European Socialists and its predecessors. ^[7]

President		State	National party	Term
1.	Wilhelm Dröscher	Germany	Social Democratic Party	April 1974	January 1979
2. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.	Robert Pontillon	France	Socialist Party	January 1979	March 1980
3. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France.	Joop Den Uyl	Netherlands	Labour Party	March 1980	May 1987
4. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands	Victor Constancio	Portugal	Socialist Party	May 1987	January 1989
5. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Partido Socialista redirects here For other parties with similar names see Socialist Party.	Guy Spitaels	Belgium	Socialist Party	February 1989	May 1992
6. Guy GAGh Spitaels (born September 3, 1931 in Ath) is a Belgian politician of the Socialist Party. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste PS is a Francophone Social democratic political party in Belgium.	Willy Claes	Belgium	Socialist Party – Different	November 1992	October 1994
7. Willy Werner Hubert Claes (born 24 November 1938 was Secretary General of NATO and a Belgian Politician. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Socialist Party – Different (Socialistische Partij – Anders ( SP	Rudolf Scharping	Germany	Social Democratic Party	March 1995	May 2001
8. Rudolf Scharping ( December 2 1947 in Niederelbert) is a German Politician ( SPD) Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.	Robin Cook	United Kingdom	Labour Party	May 2001	April 2004
9. Robert Finlayson Cook (28 February 1946 &ndash 6 August 2005 better known as " Robin Cook " was a Politician in the British Labour The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the	Poul Nyrup Rasmussen	Denmark	Social Democrats	April 2004	-

Presidents of the Socialist Group in Parliament;^[1]

President		State	National party	Term
1. Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (⁽ˈ⁾pʰʌʊ̯l ny(ːɔb̥ ˈʁɑsmusn̩ informally nyːˀɔb̥ born June 15, 1943) was the Prime Minister of Denmark The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne is a Danish political party	Guy Mollet	France	French Section of the Workers' International	1953	1956
2. Guy Mollet (31 December 1905 - 3 October 1975 was a French Socialist politician This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.	Hendrik Fayat	Belgium	Socialist Party	1956	1958
3. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste PS is a Francophone Social democratic political party in Belgium.	Pierre Lapie	France	French Section of the Workers' International	1958	1959
4. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.	Willi Birkelbach	Germany	Social Democratic Party	1959	1964
5. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.	Käte Strobel	Germany	Social Democratic Party	1964	1967
6. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.	Francis Vals	France	French Section of the Workers' International	1967	1974
7. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.	Georges Spénale	France	Socialist Party	1974	1975
8. Georges Spénale (1913 – 20 August 1983) is a French writer poet and politician This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France.	Ludwig Spénale	Germany	Social Democratic Party	1975	1979
9. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.	Ernest Glinne	Belgium	Socialist Party	1979	1984
10. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste PS is a Francophone Social democratic political party in Belgium.	Rudi Arndt	Germany	Social Democratic Party	1984	1989
11. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.	Jean-Pierre Cot	France	Socialist Party	1989	1994
12. Jean-Pierre Cot is a Politician, born in Geneva, on October 23 1937. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France.	Pauline Green	United Kingdom	Labour Party	1994	1999
13. Dame Pauline Green DBE (born) is a former Labour and Co-operative Member of the European Parliament and former Leader of the Parliamentary The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the	Enrique Barón Crespo	Spain	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party	1999	2004
14. Enrique Barόn Crespo (born March 27, 1944, Madrid) is a Spanish politician and lawyer Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, commonly abbreviated by its Spanish initials PSOE ( P artido S ocialista O brero E spañol is	Martin Schulz	Germany	Social Democratic Party	2004	-

Policy

PES is of course founded by socialist parties and hence carries that tradition. Martin Schulz (born on 20 December 1955 in Hehlrath) is a German Politician and Member of the European Parliament Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Their headline policy is New Social Europe, of a "fairer, more inclusive, and more dynamic society" for Europe. It is based on a report written by PES President Poul Nyrup Rasmussen and former President of the European Commission Jacques Delors^[8] and has ten principles;

• 1. The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the European Union. Jacques Lucien Jean Delors (born July 20 1925 in Paris) is a French Economist and politician the only person to have served two terms "Rights and duties for all": Outlines that PES does not wish to leave society to be shaped by market forces, but instead advocates rights and duties to hold together a modern welfare society. Market Forces is a Science fiction Novel by Richard Morgan, first published in 2004 "Social welfare" redirects here For other uses see Welfare A social welfare provision refers to any program which seeks to provide Government has a duty to ensure citizens have access to public services and to protect their rights. In return, government expects citizens and other actors to contribute to the welfare society. Businesses have a right to fair competition in a transparent and stable environment. Competition in economics is a term that encompasses the notion of individuals and firms striving for a greater share of a market to sell or buy goods and services Their duty is to contribute to public finances, aid full employment, increase skills in their workforce and aid society through corporate social responsibility. Public finance is a field of economics concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities and with the administration and design of those activities In Macroeconomics, full employment is when all people looking for employment can find a job Workforce (Voyager episode The workforce is the labour pool in Employment. Corporate social responsibility (CSR also called corporate responsibility corporate citizenship responsible business and corporate social opportunity is a concept whereby Organizations As for the individuals, they have a right to participate fully in society and the workforce while their duty is to advance through education and training. ^[9]

• 2. "Full employment": Realise full and high quality employment in the context of a modern welfare state. In Macroeconomics, full employment is when all people looking for employment can find a job This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom. Labour markets would be made more dynamic though inclusive polices of security and support, including fighting age discrimination. Ageism is Stereotyping and Prejudice against individuals or groups because of their age The EU and its member states would have to provide conditions for "smart, green growth and the EMU would be geared towards coordinated economic polices of high growth and job creation. Green politics is a Political ideology which places a high importance on ecological and environmental goals and on achieving these goals through broad-based In economics a Monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency amongst themselves ^[9]

• 3. "Investing in people": Focus on improving the abilities of low-skilled workers rather than just concentrating on opportunities for the highly skilled. Education, training and social tools would be used, not just to improve the skills of citizens, but to fight social exclusion and reach full employment - PES state that "Those who need high quality education most – the poor and disadvantaged – are still those who receive it least in many European countries. "^[9]

• 4. "Inclusive societies": Policies at all levels to aim to tackle the exclusion of groups such as the elderly, ethnic minorities or those from poor communities. Old age consists of ages nearing or surpassing the Average life span of Human beings and thus the end of the human life cycle. Provisions for healthcare, social services and childcare would be provided with new legislation examined for its social consequences rather than a strictly economic outlook. ^[9]

• 5. "Universal child care": Provisions for high quality, affordable, child care to be made available to ensure children have a good start to education while freeing parents to enter paid employment. Childcare (also written child care and babycare is the act of caring for and supervising minor Children (In Australia Daycare is referred This would also be helping equal rights for men and women and help the EU deal with its demographic changes. Demographics or demographic data refers to selected population characteristics as used in government Marketing or opinion research or the Demographic profiles ^[9]

• 6. "Equal rights for women and men": Greater gender equality to improve women's status in the workplace and their pay. Gender equality (also known as gender equity, gender egalitarianism, or sexual equality) is the goal of the Equality of the Genders PES sees this not just as a "moral imperative" but as a "key to solving the demographic challenge, to strengthening democracy and ensuring higher welfare for families"^[9]

• 7. "Social dialogue": Maintaining the presence of organised labour, seen as "invaluable". A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming PES wants to encourage social dialogue between employers and employees to help rights, employment and economic growth. This to make a more inclusive and dynamic workforce. ^[9]

• 8. "Making diversity and integration our strength": Fight all forms of xenophobia and encourage tolerance to people, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, race, gender, sexual orientation or religion. Xenophobia is an intense and/or irrational dislike and sometimes fear of people from other countries Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets Gender comprises a range of differences between men and women extending from the biological to the social Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Sustainable migration policies and a respect for diversity are seen as contributors to economic and social goals such as integration and anti-discrimination. PES sees the EU having a huge responsibility in managing migration and its causes abroad. ^[9]

• 9. "Sustainable societies": Fighting climate change to assure social justice, environmental protection and economic progress. Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. Rising energy prices would hit the poorest hardest and PES state that the EU should take a leading role in a post-Kyoto Protocol agreement. The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the international Framework Convention on Climate Change with the objective of reducing Greenhouse gases in an effort ^[9]

• 10. "An active Europe for people": PES see the EU as more than just a market place but rather something that can bring "greater shared prosperity for people, stronger social cohesion and social justice. " This would be done through competition, but not between member states, cooperation, but not against social protection and solidarity through the EUs cohesion. ^[9]

Organisation

Martin Schulz, the current leader of PES' parliamentary party

There are thirty-three member parties from all the twenty-seven member states and Norway (however, the Smer party is currently suspended). Martin Schulz (born on 20 December 1955 in Hehlrath) is a German Politician and Member of the European Parliament The Direction – Social Democracy (Smer – sociálna demokracia party — before January 1 2005 called Direction (the Third Way ( Smer (tretia cesta There are a further six associate and seven observer parties. PES is an associated organisation of the Socialist International. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties Ecosy is the youth organisation of PES and PES Women is the party's women's organisation. ECOSY - Young European Socialists is an association of Socialist and Social democratic youth organisations in the European Union. ^[10]

The parties meet in the party Congress twice every five years to decide on political orientation, such as adopting manifestos ahead of elections. Every year that the Congress does not meet, the Council (a quarter Congress) shapes PES policy. The Congress also elects the party's President, Vice Presidents and the Presidency. ^[10]

The President (currently Poul Nyrup Rasmussen MEP) represents the party on a daily basis and chairs the Presidency, which also consists of the Secretary General, President of the PES group in Parliament (see below) and one representative per full member party and organisation. Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (⁽ˈ⁾pʰʌʊ̯l ny(ːɔb̥ ˈʁɑsmusn̩ informally nyːˀɔb̥ born June 15, 1943) was the Prime Minister of Denmark They may also be joined by the President of the European Parliament (if a PES member), a PES European Commissioner and a representatives from associate parties and organisations. The President of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of the European Parliament. A European Commissioner is a member of the 27-member European Commission. ^[10]

The Leader's Conference brings together Prime Ministers and Party Leaders from PES parties three to four times a year to agree strategies and resolutions. ^[10]

Parliamentary Group

Logo of the Socialist Group in the European Parliament

The parliamentary group consists of 215 MEPs, the second largest group in Parliament, from all but two member states. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU ^[11] It is led by a President, currently Martin Schulz MEP, and a Bureau of Vice-Presidents. Martin Schulz (born on 20 December 1955 in Hehlrath) is a German Politician and Member of the European Parliament ^[12]

Other institutions

European Commissioners are meant to remain independent, however there has been an increasing degree of politicisation within the Commission. A European Commissioner is a member of the 27-member European Commission. A European Commissioner is a member of the 27-member European Commission. ^[13] Six of the twenty-seven Commissioners belong to PES. These are First Vice-President Margot Wallström, Vice-President Günter Verheugen (Enterprise & Industry), Commissioner Joaquín Almunia (Economy), Commissioner Peter Mandelson (Trade), Commissioner Vladimír Špidla (Social) and Commissioner László Kovács (Taxation). A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission Margot Elisabeth Wallström (ˈmaɾːɡɔt ˈvalːstɾœm (born 28 September 1954 in Skellefteå) is a Swedish Social Democratic Günter Verheugen (born 28 April 1944 in Bad Kreuznach, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a German politician currently serving as European Commissioner The Commissioner for Enterprise and Industry is Vice President of the European Commission. Joaquín Almunia Amann (born 17 June 1948) is a Spanish politician and member of the European Commission responsible for Economic and Monetary The Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs is the member of the European Commission responsible for the European Union 's Financial and monetary affairs often Peter Benjamin Mandelson (born 21 October 1953 called "Mandy" by much of the British News media, is a British Labour Politician who is the serving The Commissioner for External Trade is the member of the European Commission responsible for the European Union 's external trade policy Vladimír Špidla (ˈvlaɟɪmiːr ˈʃpɪdla (born 21 April 1951 in Prague) is a Czech Social democratic Politician The Commissioner for Employment Social Affairs & Equal Opportunities is the member of the European Commission. László Kovács may refer to László Kovács (cinematographer, Hollywood Cinematographer originally from Hungary László Kovács (politician The Commissioner for Taxation & Customs Union is the member of the European Commission. ^[14]

Parties in the Council of Ministers and the European Council are some times subject to coalitions. This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council. The European Council (referred to as a European Summit) is the highest political body of the European Union. At present the following countries are led PES members (European Council member in brackets): Bulgaria (Sergey Stanishev), Hungary (Ferenc Gyurcsány), Lithuania (Gediminas Kirkilas), Portugal (José Sócrates), Spain (José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero) and United Kingdom (Gordon Brown). The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Sergey Dmitrievich Stanishev (Сергей Дмитриевич Станишев born May 5, 1966) is the current Prime Minister of Bulgaria and Chairman Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic (ˈfɛrɛnts ˈɟurtʃaːɲ born in Pápa, June 4, 1961) is the Prime Minister of Hungary. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Gediminas Kirkilas ( b August 30 1951, Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Union) is the current Prime Minister of Lithuania Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (ʒuˈzɛ ˈsɔkɾɐtɨʃ; born in Vilar de Maçada degree as a civil Technical engineer Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (born 4 August 1960 better known by his maternal surname Zapatero (literally "shoemaker" in Spanish is the current The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is PES is in coalition in a further six countries: Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, Germany, Italy and Luxembourg. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by ^[14] PES is, like the other parties, also present in other minor institutions such as the Committee of the Regions. The Committee of the Regions (CoR is a body of the European Union (EU established in 1994 There it has 110 members as of 2007. ^[14]

Member parties

With 33 members it is the only political party to have a member from every EU state, although not all of them have elected MEPs (note: the EPP-ED is the only group to have elected MEPs from every country, but is not a single party). ^[15]

State	Name (original language)	Name (English)	abbr.	MEPs
Austria	Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs	Social Democratic Party of Austria	SPÖ	7
Belgium (Flanders)	Socialistische Partij Anders	Socialist Party - Different	sp. A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Social Democratic Party of Austria ( German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is one of the oldest parties in Austria. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Socialist Party – Different (Socialistische Partij – Anders ( SP a	3
Belgium (Wallonia)	Parti Socialiste	Socialist Party	PS	4
Bulgaria	Българска социалистическа партия Bălgarska Socialističeska Partija	Bulgarian Socialist Party	BSP	5
Cyprus	Κίνημα Σοσιαλδημοκρατών Kínima Sosialdimokratón	Movement for Social Democracy	EDEK	0
Czech Republic	Česká strana sociálně demokratická	Czech Social Democratic Party	ČSSD	2
Denmark	Socialdemokraterne	Social Democrats	S	5
Estonia	Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Erakond	Social Democratic Party	SDE	3
Finland	Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue	Social Democratic Party of Finland	SDP	3
France	Parti Socialiste	Socialist Party	PS	31
Germany	Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands	Social Democratic Party of Germany	SPD	23
Greece	Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα Panellínio Sosialistikó Kínima	Panhellenic Socialist Movement	PASOK	8
Hungary	Magyar Szocialista Párt	Hungarian Socialist Party	MSZP	9
	Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt	Social Democratic Party of Hungary	MSZDP	0
Ireland	Labour Party		Lab. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste PS is a Francophone Social democratic political party in Belgium. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Bulgarian Socialist Party (Българска социалистическа партия ( BSP) is a political party in Bulgaria and successor to the Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The Movement for Social Democracy (Κίνημα Σοσιαλδημοκρατών is a Social-democratic Political party in Cyprus. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The Czech Social Democratic Party ( Czech: Česká strana sociálně demokratická or ČSSD) is the Social Democratic Political party The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne is a Danish political party Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The Social Democratic Party ( Estonian: Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Erakond or SDE) is a Social democratic party in Estonia, led Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Social Democratic Party of Finland (in Finnish: Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue, SDP) is one of the most influential political parties This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Panhellenic Socialist Movement, better known as PASOK ( Greek: Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα Pa nellinio So Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Hungarian Socialist Party ( Hungarian: Magyar Szocialista Párt, MSZP is a Social Democratic party in Hungary. The Hungarian Social Democratic Party ( Magyarorszagi Szociáldemokrata Párt, MSZDP is a Political party in Hungary. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The Labour Party (Páirtí an Lucht Oibre is a Democratic socialist and Social democratic Political party in the Republic of Ireland.	1
Italy	Partito Socialista	Socialist Party	PS	3
Latvia	Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskā Strādnieku Partija	Social Democratic Workers' Party of Latvia	LSDSP	0
Lithuania	Lietuvos Socialdemokratų Partija	Social Democratic Party of Lithuania	LSDP	2
Luxembourg	Lëtzebuerger Sozialistesch Arbechterpartei	Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party	LSAP	1
Malta	Partit Laburista	Malta Labour Party	MLP	3
Netherlands	Partij van de Arbeid	Labour Party	PvdA	7
Norway	Det norske Arbeiderparti	Norwegian Labour Party	DNA	N/A[16]
Poland	Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej	Democratic Left Alliance	SLD	5
	Unia Pracy	Labour Union	UP	0
Portugal	Partido Socialista	Socialist Party	PS	12
Romania	Partidul Social Democrat	Social Democratic Party	PSD	10
Slovakia	Smer – sociálna demokracia[17]	Direction - social democracy	Smer	3
Slovenia	Socialni demokrati	Social Democrats	SD	1
Spain	Partido Socialista Obrero Español	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party	PSOE	24
Sweden	Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti	Social Democratic Workers' Party of Sweden	S	5
United Kingdom (Great Britain)	Labour Party		Labour	19
United Kingdom (Northern Ireland)	Social Democratic and Labour Party		SDLP	0
Non-PES parties who sit with the PES Group in the European Parliament
Bulgaria	Партия Български социалдемократи Partija Balgarski socialdemokrati	Party of Bulgarian Social Democrats	PBS	1
Italy	L'Ulivo	The Olive Tree	U	1
	Italia dei Valori	Italy of Values	IdV	1
	Partito Democratico	Democratic Party	Pd	7[18]
	Sinistra Democratica	Democratic Left	SD	4
Poland	Socjaldemokracja Polska	Social Democracy of Poland	SDPL	3
	Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej	Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland	SRP	1

Associate and observer parties

State	Name (original language)	Name (English)	abbr. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Socialist Party ( Partito Socialista, PS is a social-democratic political party in Italy. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskā Strādnieku Partija abbreviated as LSDSP is a Centre-left, Social democratic, political Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The Social Democratic Party of Lithuania ( Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialdemokratų partija) is a Centre-left, social democratic, Political Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (Lëtzebuerger Sozialistesch Arbechterpartei Parti Ouvrier Socialiste Luxembourgeois Luxemburger Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei abbreviated to Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands History Foundation (1920-1949 The inequalities that existed at the time led to the riots of 7 June 1919 ( Sette Giugno) - the importers The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Norwegian Labour Party ( Norwegian: Det norske arbeiderparti ( DNA) or Arbeiderpartiet ( AP) is a Social democratic Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej SLD is a Polish social-democratic Political party. Labour Union (Unia Pracy (UP is a Polish left wing Political party. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Partido Socialista redirects here For other parties with similar names see Socialist Party. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Social Democratic Party of Romania (in Romanian, Partidul Social Democrat, PSD is a major political party of Romania. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million The Direction – Social Democracy (Smer – sociálna demokracia party — before January 1 2005 called Direction (the Third Way ( Smer (tretia cesta Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west The Social Democrats (SD - Socialni demokrati is a Centre-left Political party in Slovenia, currently led by Borut Pahor. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, commonly abbreviated by its Spanish initials PSOE ( P artido S ocialista O brero E spañol is "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Swedish Social Democratic Party, (Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti 'Social Democratic Workers' Party of Sweden' contests elections as 'Workers' Party - Social Democrats' The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP; Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre is one of the two major nationalist parties in Northern Ireland The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Party of Bulgarian Social Democrats ( Partija Balgarski Socialdemokrati) is a social-democratic Political party in Bulgaria. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Olive Tree ( L'Ulivo) was a denomination used for several successive Centre-left Italian political coalitions from 1995 to 2007 Italy of Values ( Italia dei Valori, IdV is a populist and anti- corruption Italian political party, headed by former Mani Pulite The Democratic Party ( Partito Democratico, PD is a Centre-left political party in Italy. Democratic Left ( Sinistra Democratica, SD officially Democratic Left Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Social Democracy of Poland (Socjaldemokracja Polska SDPL is a left wing social democratic Political party in Poland founded in April 2004 as a splinter Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland ( Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, SRP is an Agrarian Political party and Trade union in	Status
Andorra	Partit Socialdemòcrata	Social Democratic Party	PS	Observer
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Socijaldemokratska Partija BiH	Social Democratic Party	SDP	Observer
Bulgaria	Партия Български социалдемократи Partija Balgarski socialdemokrati	Party of Bulgarian Social Democrats	PBS	Associate
Croatia	Socijaldemokratska Partija Hrvatske	Social Democratic Party of Croatia	SDP	Associate
Iceland	Samfylkingin	Social Democrat Alliance	S	Observer
Israel	העבודה Avoda	Labour Party	LP	Observer
	מרצ Meretz-Yachad	Vitality - Together	MY	Observer
Macedonia	Социјалдемократски Сојуз на Македонија Socijaldemokratski Sojuz na Makedonija	Social Democratic Union of Macedonia	SDSM	Associate
San Marino	Partito dei Socialisti e dei Democratici	Party of Socialists and Democrats	PSD	Observer
Serbia	Демократска странка Demokratska stranka	Democratic Party	DS	Observer
Switzerland	Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz / Parti socialiste suisse	Social Democratic Party of Switzerland	SP/PS	Associate
Turkey	Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi	Republican People's Party	CHP	Associate
	Demokratik Toplum Partisi	Democratic Society Party	DTP	Associate

References

External links

• Party of European Socialists, official website
• Parliamentary Group of the Party of European Socialists, official website
• 2009 Manifesto consultation, PES website
• PES Manifesto, PES blog
• PES Group in the Committee of the Regions, official website