Citizendia

Paros
Πάρος
Seaside homes. Photo: Johan Hammerby
Seaside homes. Photo: Johan Hammerby
Geography
Coordinates:37°5′N 25°9′E / 37.083, 25.15
Island Chain:Cyclades
Total Isles:7
Area:[1]196. 308 km² (76 sq.mi.)
Highest Mountain:Mt. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Marpissa (724 m (2,375 ft))
Government
Flag of Greece Greece
Periphery:South Aegean
Prefecture:Cyclades
Capital:Parikía
Statistics
Population:12,853 (as of 2001)
Density:65 /km² (170 /sq. South Aegean is one of the thirteen Peripheries of Greece. It consists of the Cyclades and Dodecanese islands in the South Aegean Sea. The CYCLADES Packet switching network was an extremely influential French network system in the early 1970s similar to the ARPANET. mi. )
Postal Code:844 00
Area Code:22840
License Code:EM
Website
www.paros.gr

Paros (Greek: Πάρος) is an island of Greece in the central Aegean Sea. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. One of the Cyclades island group, it lies to the west of Naxos, with which it is separated by a channel about 8 km (5 mi) wide. The CYCLADES Packet switching network was an extremely influential French network system in the early 1970s similar to the ARPANET. This article refers to the cardinal direction for other uses see West (disambiguation. Naxos (in Greek, Νάξος) is a Greek island the largest island ( in the Cyclades island group in the Aegean. It lies approximately 100 nmi (185 km) south-east of Piraeus. Piraeus (pɪˈræʊs Πειραιάς, piɾeˈas Πειραιεύς, piɾeˈefs is a city in the periphery of Attica, Greece, and a Today, Paros is one of the most popular European tourist hotspots. The Municipality of Paros includes numerous uninhabited offshore islets totaling 196. 308 km² of land. Its nearest neighbor is the Community of Antiparos, lying to its southwest. Antiparos (Αντιπαρος anc Oliaros) is an island in the island group Cyclades in the Aegean Sea, in the modern eparchy of Naxos Paros also became known for its fine white marble which gave rise to the term Parian which is used for China and fine marbles worldwide. [2] The island has also been called Venetian: Paro. Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over two million people mostly in the Veneto region of Italy.

Contents

Geography

Paros' geographic co-ordinates are 37° N. lat, and 25° 10' E. long. The area is 165 km² (64 sq mi). Its greatest length from N. E. to S. W. is 13 mi (21 km), and its greatest breadth 10 mi (16 km). The island is of a round, plump-pear shape, formed by a single mountain (724 m (2,375 ft)) sloping evenly down on all sides to a maritime plain, which is broadest on the north-east and south-west sides. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak The island is composed of marble, though gneiss and mica-schist are to be found in a few places. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Gneiss (ˈnaɪs is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally The schists form a group of medium-grade Metamorphic rocks chiefly notable for the preponderance of lamellar Minerals such as Micas chlorite To the west of Paros lies its smaller sister island Antiparos. Antiparos (Αντιπαρος anc Oliaros) is an island in the island group Cyclades in the Aegean Sea, in the modern eparchy of Naxos At its narrowest, the channel between the two islands is less than 2km wide. A car-carrying shuttle-ferry operates all day (to and from Pounda, 3 miles south of Parikia). In addition a dozen smaller islets surround Paros.

Paros has numerous beaches including Chrissí Aktí (Golden Beach, Greece) near Drios on the east coast, at Pounda, Logaras, Piso Livadi, Naousa bay, Parikía and Agía Irini. Golden Beach is a 700 meter long beach on the south eastern part of the island of Paros. The constant strong wind in the strait between Paros and Naxos makes it a favoured windsurfing location. Naxos (in Greek, Νάξος) is a Greek island the largest island ( in the Cyclades island group in the Aegean. Windsurfing is a surface water sport using a windsurf board also commonly called a sailboard usually two to five meters long and powered by a single sail

Islands

History

Antiquity

The story that Paros was colonized by one Paros of Parrhasia, who brought with him a colony of Arcadians to the island[3] is one of those etymological fictions which abound in Greek legend. Arcadia or Arkadía ( Greek Αρκαδία is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. Ancient names of the island are said to have been Plateia (or Pactia), Demetrias, Strongyli (meaning round due to the round shape of the island), Hyria, Hyleessa, Minoa and Cabarnis. [4]

The Venus de Milo, a sculpture executed in Parian marble c. 100 BC, Musee du Louvre, Paris
The Venus de Milo, a sculpture executed in Parian marble c. The Aphrodite of Milos (Greek "Αφροδίτη της Μήλου" better known as the Venus de Milo is an ancient Greek statue Milos (in Greek, Μήλος &mdash not related to the modern word μήλο &ndash milo " Apple " Parian marble is a fine-grained semitranslucent pure-white Marble quarried during the classical era on the Greek island of Paros. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of 100 BC, Musee du Louvre, Paris
Windmill in Parikía. The traditional Cyclades design
Windmill in Parikía. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The traditional Cyclades design

From Athens the island later received a colony of Ionians[5] under whom it attained a high degree of prosperity. The CYCLADES Packet switching network was an extremely influential French network system in the early 1970s similar to the ARPANET. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Geography Physical Ionia was of small extent not exceeding 90 geographical miles in length from north to south with a breadth varying from 40 to 55 miles but to this It sent out colonies to Thasos[6] and Parium on the Hellespont. Thasos or Thassos (Θάσος is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea, close to the coast of Thrace and the plain of the river Parium (or Parion) was a Greek city in Mysia on the Hellespont. See also Dardanelles Hellespont ( Turkish, Greek; ie "Sea of Helle" variously named in classical literature Hellespontium Pelagus In the former colony, which was planted in the 15th or 18th Olympiad, the poet Archilochus, native of Paros, is said to have taken part. An Olympiad is a period of four years associated with the Olympic Games of Classical Greece. For the Hummingbird Genus, see Archilochus. Archilochus ( Greek:) (c As late as 385 BC the Parians, in conjunction with Dionysius of Syracuse, founded a colony on the Illyrian island of Pharos (Hvar). Events By place Greece Jason of Pherae becomes tyrant of Thessaly. Illyria ( Albanian Iliria ( Ancient Greek; Latin Illyria; see also Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the Hvar ( local Croatian dialect: Hvor or For, Pharos Φαρος Pharina Lesina is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, located off [7]

Shortly before the Persian War Paros seems to have been a dependency of Naxos. [8] In the first Greco-Persian War (490 B. C. ), Paros sided with the Persians and sent a trireme to Marathon to support them. Trireme ( τριήρης sing τριήρεις pl triremis sing Marathon ( Demotic Greek: Μαραθώνας Marathónas; Attic / Katharevousa:, Marathṓn) is an ancient Greek city-state In retaliation, the capital Paros was besieged by an Athenian fleet under Miltiades, who demanded a fine of 100 talents. The talent ( Latin: talentum, from Ancient Greek: "scale balance" is an ancient unit of Mass. But the town offered a vigorous resistance, and the Athenians were obliged to sail away after a siege of 26 days, during which they had laid the island waste. It was at a temple of Demeter Thesmophoros in Paros that Miltiades received the wound of which he afterwards died. Demeter (dɨˈmiːtɚ Greek:, possibly "distribution-mother" from the noun of the Indo-European mother-earth * dheghom * mater [9] By means of an inscription Ross was enabled to identify the site of the temple; it lies, as Herodotus suggests, on a low hill beyond the boundaries of the town. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash

Paros also sided with shahanshah Xerxes I of Persia against Greece in the second Greco-Persian War (480 - 479 B. Shah is an Iranian term for a Monarch (leader that has been adopted in many other languages Xerxes I of Persia was a King of Persia (reigned 485–465 BC of the Achaemenid dynasty. C. ), but after the battle of Artemisium the Parian contingent remained inactive at Kythnos watching the progress of events. The naval Battle of Artemisium took place according to tradition on the same day as the Battle of Thermopylae on August 11 480 BC, though its exact date Kythnos or Kithnos (Κύθνος is a Greek Island and municipality in the Western Cyclades between Kea and Serifos [10] For their support of the Persians, the islanders were later punished by the Athenian war leader Themistocles, who exacted a heavy fine. Themistocles ( Greek:; c 524&ndash459 BC was an Athenian soldier and statesman [11]

Under the Delian League, the Athenian-dominated naval confederacy (477 - 404 B. The Delian League was an association of approximately 150 5th-century BC Greek City-states under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue C. ), Paros paid the highest tribute of all the island members: 30 talents annually, according to the estimate of Olympiodorus (429 B. A tribute (from Latin tribulum, contribution is wealth one party gives to another as a sign of respect or as was often case in historical contexts of submission C. ). [12] This implies that Paros was then one of the wealthiest islands in the Aegean. Little is known of the constitution of Paros, but inscriptions seem to show that it was modeled on Athenian democracy, with a boule (senate) at the head of affairs. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity Athenian democracy developed in the Greek City-state of Athens In the cities of Ancient Greece, the boule ( Greek: βουλή, plural βουλαί or boulai from the Ancient Greek verb [13] In 410 BC the Athenian general Theramenes found an oligarchy governing Paros; he deposed it and restored the democracy. Events By place Greece Commanding 20 ships the Athenian generals Theramenes and Thrasybulus collaborate with Theramenes (d 404 BC Greek:) was an Athenian statesman prominent in the final decade of the Peloponnesian War. Oligarchy' ( Greek, Oligarkhía) is a Form of government where Political power effectively rests with a small elite segment [14] Paros was included in the second Athenian confederacy (the Second Athenian Empire 378 - 355 B. The Second Athenian Empire or Confederacy was a maritime confederation of Aegean city-states from 378 BC - 355 BC and headed by Athens primarily C. ). In c. 357 B. C. , along with Chios, it severed its connection with Athens. Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated

From the inscription of Adule we learn that the Cyclades, presumably including Paros, were subject to the Ptolemies, the Hellenistic dynasty that ruled Egypt (305 - 30 B. The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. C. ). Paros then became part of the Roman Empire and later of its Greek-speaking successor state, the Byzantine Empire.

Crusades

In 1204, the soldiers of the Fourth Crusade seized Constantinople and overthrew the Byzantine Empire. The Fourth Crusade (1202&ndash1204 was originally designed to conquer Muslim Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Although a residual Byzantine state known as the Empire of Nicaea survived the Crusader onslaught and eventually recovered Constantinople (1261), many of the original Byzantine territories, including Paros, were lost permanently to the crusading powers. The Empire of Nicaea ( Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Νίκαιας Turkish: İznik İmparatorluğu) was the largest of the Byzantine The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Paros became subject to the Duchy of the Archipelago, a fiefdom made up of various Aegean islands ruled by a Venetian duke as nominal vassal of a succession of crusader states. The Duchy of the Archipelago (Ducato dell'arcipelago Δουκάτον Αρχιπελάγους) or also Duchy of Naxos (Ducato di Nasso Δουκάτον Νάξου Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe, In practice, however, the duchy was always a client state of the Republic of Venice. Client state is one of several terms used to describe the subordination of one state to a more powerful state in international affairs The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica

Ottoman Era and independence

In 1537, Paros was conquered by the Ottoman Turks and remained under the Ottoman Empire until the Greek War of Independence (1821-1829). The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829 also commonly known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση Elliniki Epanastasi; Ottoman Under the Treaty of Constantinople (1832), Paros became part of the newly independent Kingdom of Greece, the first time the Parians were ruled by fellow Greeks for over six centuries. The Τreaty of Constantinople was the product of the Constantinople Conference which opened in February 1832 with the participation of the Great Powers ( Britain The Kingdom of Greece ( Greek:, Vasíleion tīs Elládos) was a state established in 1832 in the Convention of London by the Great At this time, Paros became the home of a heroine of the nationalist movement, Manto Mavrogenous, who had both financed and fought in the war for independence. Manto Mavrogenous (Μαντώ Μαυρογένους (1796 - July 1848 was a Greek heroine of the Greek War of Independence. Her house, near Ekatontapiliani church, is today a historical monument.

Landmarks

Whitewashed homes in Lefkes
Whitewashed homes in Lefkes
The church of the 100 doors in Paroikia
The church of the 100 doors in Paroikia
Village of Naousa, north Paros coast
Village of Naousa, north Paros coast

The capital, Parikía (Italian: Parechia), situated on a bay on the north-west side of the island, occupies the site of the ancient capital Paros. Naousa is a beach side town in northern Paros. It's population is 2870 The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Headlands and bays are two related features of the coastal environment Parikía harbour is a major hub for Aegean islands ferries and catamarans, with several sailings each day for Piraeus (the port of Athens), Heraklion (the capital of Crete) and other islands such as Naxos, Ios, Santorini, and Mykonos. A harbor or harbour (see spelling differences) or haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the Weather or are stored The Aegean Islands (Νησιά Αιγαίου Nisiá Aigaíou; Ege Adaları are a group of Islands in the Aegean Sea, with mainland Greece See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and A catamaran (From Tamil 'kattumaram' is a type of Multihulled Boat or Ship consisting of two hulls or vakas joined by some Heraklion or Iraklion (Ηράκλειο Irákleio, iˈɾaklio̞ Candia is the largest city and capital of Crete. Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the Ios (Ίος locally Νιός - Nios is an Island in the Cyclades group in the Aegean Sea. Mykonos ( Greek: Μύκονος is a Greek island and a mass tourist destination renowned for its cosmopolitan character and its intense nightlife The harbour approaches are notoriously hazardous due to the presence of a group of isolated rocks. The most recent and deadly shipwreck off Paros was that of the car ferry MV Express Samina. A shipwreck can refer to a wrecked ship or to the event that caused the wreck such as the striking of something that causes the ship to sink the stranding of the ship on rocks Causes The crew placed the ship on Autopilot and did not have a crew member watch the ship It ran onto the rocks and sank in a storm on the night of 26 Sept 2000. A storm is any disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere, especially affecting its surface and strongly implying Severe weather. This resulted in the drowning of 80 passengers.

In Parikía town, houses are built and decorated in the traditional Cycladic style with flat roofs, whitewash walls and blue-painted doors and window frames and shutters. Whitewash, or calcimine, kalsomine, or calsomine is a very low cost type of Paint made from Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide and Shadowed by luxuriant vines, and surrounded by gardens of oranges and pomegranates, the houses give the town a picturesque and pleasing aspect. An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn The pomegranate ( Punica granatum) is a Fruit -bearing Deciduous Shrub or small Tree growing to between five and eight metres tall On a rock beside the sea are the remains of a medieval castle, built almost entirely of the marble remains of an ancient temple. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. Similar traces of antiquity, in the shape of bas-reliefs, inscriptions, columns, & etc. "Ancient" redirects here For other uses see Ancient_(disambiguation. A bas-relief (baʁəljɛf in French; French for "low relief" derived from the Italian basso rilievo) or low relief is a Sculpture Epigraphy (ἐπιγραφολογία from Greek ἐπιγραφή — "inscription" is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs engraved , are numerous. On a rock shelf to the south are remains of a precinct which was dedicated to Asclepius. Asclepius (pronounced /æsˈkliːpiːəs/, Greek, transliterated Asklēpiós; Latin Aesculapius) is the god of Medicine In addition, close to the modern harbour, the remains of an ancient cemetery are visible, since being discovered recently during non-archaeological excavations.

In Parikía's main square is the town's principal church, the Ekatontapiliani (literally: "church of the hundred doors"). Its oldest features almost certainly predate the adoption of Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire (391 AD). A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Events By Place Roman Empire All non- Christian temples in the Empire are closed as Theodosius establishes Christianity It is said to have been founded by the mother of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great (ruled 306–337 AD), Saint Helen, during her pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Events By Place Roman Empire July 25 — Constantine I is proclaimed Emperor by his troops Events By Place Roman Empire September 9 — Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their Saint Helena (Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta also known as Saint Helen, Helena Augusta or Helena of Constantinople (c In Religion and Spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or Search of great Moral significance The Holy Land ( Arabic: الأرض المقدسة al-Arḍ ul-Muqaddasah;Ancient Aramaic: ארעא קדישא Ar'a Qaddisha; Hebrew: ארץ_הקודש There are two adjoining chapels, one of very early form, and also a baptistery with a cruciform font. In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry ( Latin baptisterium) is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the

On the north side of the island is the bay of Naoussa (Naussa) or Agoussa, forming a safe and spacious harbour. In ancient times it was closed by a chain or boom. Another good harbour is that of Drios on the south-east side, where the Turkish fleet used to anchor on its annual voyage through the Aegean during the period of Ottoman rule over Paros (1537 - 1832). Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches

The three villages of Dragoulas, Mármara and Tsipidos, situated on an open plain on the eastern side of the island, and rich in remains of antiquity, probably occupy the site of an ancient town. They are known together as the "villages of Kephalos" after the steep and lofty hill of Kephalos. On this hilltop stands the abandoned monastery of Agios Antonios (St. Anthony). This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Saint Anthony the Great (c 251–356 also known as Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Around it are the ruins of a medieval castle which belonged in the late Middle Ages to the Venetian noble family of the Venieri. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the The Marchese Marco Venieri was given command of the Greek island of Kythera in 1204, during the Fourth Crusade. They gallantly but vainly defended it against the Turkish admiral Barbarossa in 1537. Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha ( Turkish: Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa or Hızır Hayreddin Paşa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the

Parian marble, which is white and translucent (semi-transparent), with a coarse grain and a very beautiful texture, was the chief source of wealth for the island. The celebrated marble quarries lie on the northern side of the mountain anciently known as Marathi (afterwards Capresso), a little below a former convent of St Mina. A convent is a community of Priests religious brothers religious sisters or Nuns or the building used by the community particularly in the Roman Catholic Church Saint Menas (also Minas Mina Mena Mennas) (285 – ca 309 the Martyr and Wonder-worker is one of the most well-known Egyptian Saints in The marble, which was exported from the 6th century BC onwards, was used by Praxiteles and other great Greek sculptors. The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Praxiteles ( Ancient Greek: Πραξιτέλης English prækˈsɪtɨliːz of Athens, the son of Cephisodotus the Elder, was the most renowned of the It was obtained by means of subterranean quarries driven horizontally or at a descending angle into the rock. The marble thus quarried by lamplight was given the name of Lychnites, Lychneus (from lychnos, a lamp), or Lygdos [15]. Several of these tunnels are still to be seen. At the entrance to one of them is a bas-relief dedicated to Pan and the nymphs. Pan ( Greek, Genitive) is the Greek god of shepherds and flocks of mountain wilds hunting and rustic music paein means to pasture In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of mythological entities in human female form Several attempts to work the marble have been made in modern times, but it has not been exported in any great quantities.

Parikía town has a small but interesting archaeological museum housing some of the many finds from sites in Paros. The best pieces, however, are in the Athens National Archaeological Museum. The National Archaeological Museum of Athens (Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο in Athens houses some of the most important artifacts from a variety The Paros museum contains a fragment of the Parian Chronicle, a remarkable chronology of ancient Greece. The Parian Marble (or Parian Chronicle or Marmor Parium) is a Greek chronological table, covering the years from 1581 BC to 264 Inscribed in marble, its entries give time elapsed between key events from the most distant past (1500 BC) down to 264 BC. [16]

References

  1. ^ Basic Characteristics. Ministry of the Interior. www. ypes. gr. Retrieved on 2007-08-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great.
  2. ^ Parian - definition of Parian by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia
  3. ^ Heraclides De rebus publicis 8
  4. ^ Stephanos Byz. "Heraclides" redirects here The former Butterfly Genus of the same name is now included in Papilio.
  5. ^ Schol. Dionys. Perieg. 525; Herodian I. For the grammarian see Aelius Herodianus. For the dynasty see Herodian Dynasty. 171
  6. ^ Thucydides Peloponnesian War IV. Thucydides ( C 460 BC &ndash C 395 BC) ( Greek Θουκυδίδης Thoukydídēs) was a Greek 104; Strabo Geography 487
  7. ^ Diodorus Siculus XV. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. 13
  8. ^ Herodotus Histories V. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash 31
  9. ^ Herodotus op. cit. VI. 133-136
  10. ^ Herodotus op. cit. VIII. 67
  11. ^ Herodotus op. cit. VIII. 112
  12. ^ Olympiodorus 88. 4
  13. ^ Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum 2376-2383; Ross, Inscr. med. II. 147, 148
  14. ^ Diodorus Siculus XIII. 47
  15. ^ Pliny the Elder Historia Naturalis XXXVI. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author 5, 14; Plato Eryxias, 400 D; Athenodorus V. Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece 205 f; Diodorus Siculus 2. 52
  16. ^ Inscriptiones Graecae XII. 100 seqq.

Notable people

See also

Sources

External links


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