| Pangasinan | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Philippines | |
| Region: | Central Luzon | |
| Total speakers: | 2 million | |
| Language family: | Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Borneo-Philippines Northern Luzon South Cordilleran Pangasinan | |
| Writing system: | Latin (Pangasinan variant); Historically written in Pangasinan script | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in: | none | |
| Regulated by: | Komisyon sa Salitang Filipino (Commission on the Filipino Language) | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | pag | |
| ISO 639-3: | pag | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. This is a list of bodies that regulate Standard languages Natural languages Auxiliary languages Interlingua The auxiliary language The Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino ( Commission on the Filipino Language in English, Komisyon sa Pinulongang Filipino in Cebuano, Pagpannakabagian ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's | ||
The Pangasinan language (Pangasinan: salitan Pangasinan; Spanish: idioma pangasinense) belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. Spanish was the first official language of the Philippines and the country's original national language The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers [1] [2] Pangasinan is spoken by more than two million Pangasinan people in the province of Pangasinan, in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, and by a significant number of Pangasinan immigrants in the United States. The Pangasinan ( Pangasinan: Totoon Pangasinan, Spanish: pangasinense) are the eight largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. Pangasinan is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Pangasinan is the primary language in the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf. Pangasinan is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching. It is the language spoken by most people in central Pangasinan. Pangasinan is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. It is the official regional language in the province of Pangasinan. Pangasinan is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines.
The Pangasinan language is one of the twelve major languages in the Philippines. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The total population of the province of Pangasinan is 2,434,086 (National Statistics Office: 2000 Census). The estimated population of the indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language in Pangasinan is 1. 5 million.
Contents |
Classification
The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers Pangasinan is similar to the Tagalog and Ilocano languages that are spoken in the Philippines, Indonesian in Indonesia, Malay in Malaysia, and Malagasy in Madagascar. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and This article is about the Malagasy language For the Malagasy ethnic group see Malagasy people. Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern [3] The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet and Baguio City, located north of Pangasinan. The Ibaloi or Nabaloi is an indigenous ethnic group found in the northern Philippines. Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Geography The three main access roads leading to Baguio from the lowlands are Kennon Road, Marcos Highway The Pangasinan language is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The Pangasinic languages are:
- Pangasinan
- Ibaloi
- Karao
- I-wak
- Kalanguya
- Keley-I
- Kallahan
- Kayapa
- Tinoc
The Pangasinic languages are spoken primarily in the provinces of Pangasinan and Benguet, and in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and Ifugao. The Ibaloi or Nabaloi is an indigenous ethnic group found in the northern Philippines. Pangasinan is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. For the mountain chain see Zambales Mountains. For the ethnic group see Sambal people. For the city see Tarlac City. For the river see Tarlac River. Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. This article refers to the province For other uses see Ifugao (disambiguation.
Pangasinan is an agglutinative language. In Linguistics, agglutination is the morphological process ofadding Affixes to the base of a Word.
Distribution
Pangasinan is the primary language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf. Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching. The province has a total population of 2,343,086 (2000), of which 1. 5 million speak Pangasinan. Speakers of the language are concentrated mostly in central Pangasinan. Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and Benguet, and by a significant number of Pangasinan immigrants in the United States. For the mountain chain see Zambales Mountains. For the ethnic group see Sambal people. For the city see Tarlac City. For the river see Tarlac River. Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
History
Austronesian-language speakers settled in Maritime Southeast Asia during prehistoric times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The Malay Archipelago is a name given to the Archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia ( Indochina) and Australia. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" The indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language are descended from these prehistoric settlers, who were probably part of the prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Africa about 100 to 200 thousand years ago. Human migration denotes any movement by Humans from one locality to another sometimes over long distances or
The word Pangasinan, means “land of salt” or “place of salt-making”; it is derived from the root word asin, the word for "salt" in the Pangasinan language. Pangasinan could also refer to a “container of salt or salted-products”; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents.
Grammar
Sentence Structure
Like other Malayo-Polynesian languages, Pangasinan language has a Verb–Subject–Object word order. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers Verb Subject Object ( VSO) is a term in Linguistic typology. It represents one type of languages when classifying languages according to the sequence of these
Pronouns
Personal
| Absolutive Independent | Absolutive Enclitic | Ergative | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | siák | ak | -k(o) | ed siak |
| 1st person dual | sikatá | ita, ta | -ta | ed sikata |
| 2nd person singular | siká | ka | -m(o) | ed sika |
| 3rd person singular | sikató | - , -a | to | ed sikato |
| 1st person plural inclusive | sikatayó | itayo, tayo | -tayo | ed sikatayo |
| 1st person plural exclusive | sikamí | kamí | mi | ed sikami |
| 2nd person plural | sikayó | kayó | yo | ed sikayo |
| 3rd person plural | sikara | ira, ra | da | ed sikara |
Demonstrative Pronouns
Enclitic Particles
Existential
Interrogative Words
Numbers
The following lists the numbers from one to ten in English, Tagalog , Ilokano and Pangasinan. Philippine English is the variety of English used in the Philippines by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page
| English | Tagalog | Ilokano | Pangasinan |
|---|---|---|---|
| one | isa | maysa | sakey, isa |
| two | dalawa | dua | duara, dua |
| three | tatlo | tallo | talora, talo |
| four | apat | uppat | apatira, apat |
| five | lima | lima | limara, lima |
| six | anim | innem | anemira, anem |
| seven | pito | pito | pitora, pito |
| eight | walo | walo | walora, walo |
| nine | siyam | siam | siamira, siam |
| ten | sampu | sangapulo | samplura, samplu |
Phonology
Traditional Pangasinan has fifteen consonants: p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, w, l, r and y. There are five vowels: a, e, i, o, and u. This is one of the Philippine languages which is excluded from [ɾ]-[d] allophone. Modern Pangasinan has incorporated from English and Spanish the following seven consonants: c, f, j, q, v, x, and z.
Alphabet
Modern Pangasinan consists of 27 letters, which include the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet and the Pangasinan letter NG:
| Majuscule Forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | NG | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
| Minuscule Forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | ng | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z |
Orthography
- See also: Filipino orthography
The ancient people of Pangasinan used an indigenous writing system. Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D, The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn Ng is a Cantonese and Hakka transliteration of the Chinese surnames 吳 / 吴 ( Pinyin: Wú and 伍 (Pinyin Wǔ and O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. The Filipino alphabet (officially Makabagong alpabetong Filipino; English: Modern Filipino alphabet) is made up of 28 letters which includes the entire The ancient Pangasinan script, which is related to the Tagalog Baybayin script, was derived from the Javanese Kawi script of Indonesia and the Vatteluttu or Pallava script of South India. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. Baybayin or Alibata (known in Unicode as the Tagalog script) is a pre- Spanish Philippine Writing system that originated Javanese is the language of the people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. Kawi (from Sanskrit: kavi, "poet" is a literary and prose language from the islands of Java, Bali, and Lombok The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Vatteluttu () or "rounded writing" is an Abugida Writing system originating from the Dravidian peoples of Southern India and Origins See also Origin of Pallava The exact origin of the Pallavas is shrouded in mystery South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union
The Latin alphabet was introduced during the Spanish colonial period. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Pangasinan literature, using the indigenous syllabary and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and American colonial period. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Pangasinan acquired many Spanish and English words, and some indigenous words were Hispanicized or Anglicized. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States However, use of the ancient syllabary has declined, and not much literature written in it has survived.
Pangasinan Literature
The Pangasinan language was preserved and kept alive despite the propagation of the Spanish and English languages. Pangasinan written and oral literature flourished during the Spanish and American period. Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejia, and Maria C. Magsano continued to write and publish in Pangasinan. Felipe Quintos, a Pangasinan officer of the Katipunan, wrote Sipi Awaray: Gelew Diad Pilipinas (Revolucion Filipina), a history of the Katipunan revolutionary struggle in Pangasinan and surrounding provinces. Narciso Corpus and Antonio Solis co-wrote Impanbilay na Manoc a Tortola, a short love story. Juan Villamil translated Jose Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios in Pangasinan. Pablo Mejia edited Tunong, a news magazine, in the 1920s. Mejia also wrote Bilay tan Kalkalar nen Rizal, a biography of Jose Rizal. Maria C. Magsano published Silew, a literary magazine. Magsano also wrote Samban Agnabenegan, a romance novel. Pangasinan Courier published articles and literary works in Pangasinan. Pioneer Herald published Sinag, a literary supplement in Pangasinan. Many Christian publications in Pangasinan are widely available.
Many Pangasinans are multilingual and proficient in English; Tagalog, the national language of the Philippines; and Ilokano, a neighboring language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinan language. Some Pangasinans are promoting the use of Pangasinan in the print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, and schools in Pangasinan. In April 2006, the creation of Pangasinan Wikipedia was proposed, which the Wikimedia Foundation approved for publication in the Internet. Stories without links will be removed'. News stories must be in English
Pangasinan Folk Song: Malinak lay Labi
Malinak lay Labi
A night of calm
Oras la’y mareen
An hour of peace
Mapalpalna’y dagem
A gentle breeze
Katekep to’y linaew
Along with it is the dew
Samit da’y kugip ko
So sweet is my dream
Binangonan kon tampol
Right away I awake
Lapu’d say limgas mo
Because of your beauty
Sikan sika’y amamayoen
You are the only one I will love
Lalo la bilay
Best of all, my life
No sika la’y nanengne'ng
When I see you
Napunas lan amin
All wiped away
So ermen ya akbibiten
The sorrows that I bear
No nanonotan
When I remember
Ko la'y samit day ugalim
Your sweet kindness
Ag ta ka nalingwanan
I will not forget you
Angga’d kauyos na bilay
Till life is gone
Examples
Loan Words
Most of loan words in Pangasinan are Spanish, as the Philippines was ruled by Spain for more than 300 years. Examples are lugar (place), poder (power, care), kontra (from contra, against), berde (verde, green), espiritu (spirit), and santo (holy, saint).
Dictionaries and further reading
The following is a list of some dictionaries and references:
- Lorenzo Fernández Cosgaya. Diccionario pangasinán-español and Vocabulario hispano-pangasinán (Colegio de Santo Tomás, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative.
- Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario castellano-pangasinán (1898).
- Mariano Pellicer. Arte de la lengua pangasinán o caboloan (1904).
- Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927).
- Corporación de PP. Dominicos. Pasion Na Cataoan Tin JesuChristo (U. S. T. Press, 1951).
- Paciencia E. Versoza. Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English (1961).
- Paul Morris Schachter. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan (1968).
- Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
- Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
- Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
- Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972).
- Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975).
- Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976).
- Alta Grace Q. Garcia. Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs (1981).
- Philippine Bible Society. Say Santa Biblia (Philippine Bible Society, 1982).
- Philippine Bible Society. Maung A Balita Para Sayan Panaon Tayo (Philippine Bible Society and United Bible Societies, 1983).
- Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993).
- Church of Christ. Say Cancanta (Church of Christ, n. d. ). Includes translations of English songs like "Joy to the World," and "What A Friend We Have in Jesus. "
- Emiliano Jovellanos. Pangasinan-English English-Pangasinan Dictionary (2002). The compilation has 20,000 entries.
- Traditional Folk Song. Malinak Lay Labi (Calm is the Night).
References
- ^ Gordon, Raymond G. , Jr. (ed. ), 2005. . Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition..
- ^ Fox, James J. (August 19-20, 2004). Current Developments in Comparative Austronesian Studies.
- ^ Greenhill, S. J. , Blust. R, & Gray, R. D. (2003-2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database..
See also
- Pangasinan
- Pangasinan people
- Pangasinan literature
- Languages of the Philippines
- Malayo-Polynesian
- Sumerian language
- Swadesh list
External links
- Ethnologue Report for Pangasinan
- Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
- The "Greater Austric" Hypothesis
- Sunday Punch
- Sun Star Pangasinan
- Pangasinan Star
- Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature
- Globalization killing Pangasinan language
- Pangasinan language is alive and kicking (Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 8, 2007)
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