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The Six Nations considered the heartland of the modern Celts
The Six Nations considered the heartland of the modern Celts

Pan-Celticism is the name given to a variety of movements that espouse greater contact between the various Celtic nations. Celtic nations are areas of modern northwest Europe which identify themselves with the Celtic cultures specifically speakers of Celtic languages.

Contents

Types of Pan-Celticism

Pan-Celticism can operate on the following levels:

History of Pan-Celt relations

Relations among Celtic peoples have had high and low points over the last few hundred years. As recently as the 13th century, the Scottish élite was proud to claim Gaelic-Irish origins. The 14th century Scottish King Robert the Bruce strongly asserted a common identity for Ireland and Scotland. Robert I King of Scots ( 11 July, 1274 &ndash 7 June, 1329) usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce ( However, in later medieval times, Irish and Scottish interests diverged for a number of reasons, and the two peoples grew estranged. The conversion of the Scots to Protestantism was one factor. The stronger political position of Scotland in relation to England was another. The disparate economic fortunes of the two was third; by the 1840s Scotland was one of the richest areas on earth and Ireland one of the poorest.

Over the centuries there continued to be considerable contact between Ireland and Scotland, first as Scots were transplanted into Ulster in the 17th century and then as Irish began to move to Scottish cities in the 19th century. Recently the field of Irish-Scottish studies has developed considerably, with the Irish-Scottish Academic Initiative (ISAI) founded in 1995. To date, three international conferences have been held in Ireland and Scotland, in 1997, 2000 and 2002. [1]

The term 'Celtic'

The Celts in Europe, past and present:      present-day Celtic-speaking areas      other parts of the six most commonly recognized 'Celtic nations' and where a Celtic language is spoken but not the dominating language      other parts of Europe once peopled by Celts; modern-day inhabitants of many of these areas often claim a Celtic heritage and/or culture
The Celts in Europe, past and present:
     present-day Celtic-speaking areas      other parts of the six most commonly recognized 'Celtic nations' and where a Celtic language is spoken but not the dominating language      other parts of Europe once peopled by Celts; modern-day inhabitants of many of these areas often claim a Celtic heritage and/or culture

There is great controversy surrounding this term for a variety of reasons. It is considered by some to be an inaccurate term to be applied to modern day peoples. However others believe there is sufficient evidence of a link between the ancient Celts and the new 'Celts'.

Organisations such as the Celtic Congress and the Celtic League use the definition that a 'celtic nation' is a nation with recent history of a traditional celtic language. The International Celtic Congress is a cultural organisation that seeks to promote the Celtic languagues of the nations of Ireland, Scotland, Wales By inference 'celts' is used to mean inhabitants of these nations. This linguistic based definition of celticity is used by a number pan-celtic organisations and writers.

Atlantic Celts, while bearing little genetic similarity to modern peoples occupying the so called 'Celtic Homelands' of central Europe, do share remarkable genetic markers with each other. However the term 'Celtic' does not constitute a racial grouping.

The terms 'celt' and 'celtic' are used (or misused) in a number of other ways. For example the description 'celtic music' is be used for traditional music from a celtic country or modern music romantically inspired by the culture of such nations.

For further discussion on this matter see the Wikipedia articles on the ancient Celts and modern Celts. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Modern Celts are those peoples who are speakers of Celtic languages, or who consider themselves or have been considered by others to participate in a Celtic culture

The Celtic regions/countries

See also: Modern Celts

The Celtic Congress and Celtic League consider the following to be the Celtic nations[2][3] -

However, in music festivals it is common to find bands from Galicia and Asturias (both in Spain), Minho (Northern Portugal), Nova Scotia (Canada) and England. Modern Celts are those peoples who are speakers of Celtic languages, or who consider themselves or have been considered by others to participate in a Celtic culture The International Celtic Congress is a cultural organisation that seeks to promote the Celtic languagues of the nations of Ireland, Scotland, Wales The Celtic League is a political and cultural organisation in the modern Celtic nations of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany Celtic nations are areas of modern northwest Europe which identify themselves with the Celtic cultures specifically speakers of Celtic languages. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. The Principality of Asturias ( Spanish: Principado de Asturias, Asturian: Principáu d'Asturies or Asturies) is an Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Minho ( pron. 'miɲu is a historical Province of Portugal. It was established as an official province in 1936 and dissolved in 1976 Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

The Aosta Valley and Friuli in Italy are sometimes claimed as Celtic regions, as are parts of England (other than Cornwall). Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. The Principality of Asturias ( Spanish: Principado de Asturias, Asturian: Principáu d'Asturies or Asturies) is an Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Friuli ( Friulian: Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The constitutional status of Cornwall, in the southwest of the United Kingdom, is the subject of ongoing debate See also article on the Modern Celts. Modern Celts are those peoples who are speakers of Celtic languages, or who consider themselves or have been considered by others to participate in a Celtic culture In the last few years there has also been a process of "Celtic revival" in Northern Portugal and Galicia. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. Some would argue that the Iberian connection is not as tenuous as it may seem. The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodot and Strabo While the languages of the area are largely Latinate and have been for many centuries, the people themselves are almost certainly partly descended of Celtiberian stock, and their musical traditions share a lot in common with those of Brittany, Wales and Cornwall. The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all The Celtiberians (or Celt-Iberians were a Celtic people of Hallstatt culture Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar However it is generally claimed that the 'litmus test' of Celticness is a surviving Celtic language, and most Europeans have some Celtic ancestry.

In the Western Hemisphere there are notable Celtic enclaves in Atlantic Canada (which has produced a number of world-class bagpipers, and has a notable population of Irish and Scottish Gaelic speakers), and the Patagonia region of Argentina, which has enough Welsh speakers to support a Welsh-language radio station. Atlantic Canada, also known as the Atlantic provinces, is the region of Canada comprising four provinces located on the Atlantic coast: Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Llao LLaojpg|thumb|250px| Lake Nahuel Huapi, near Bariloche, Argentina For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic The Celtic diaspora in the Americas, as well as New Zealand and Australia, is significant and organized enough that there are numerous organizations, cultural festivals and university-level language classes available in major cities throughout these regions. The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies West New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Irish and Scottish games and musical events, in particular, often draw thousands of participants, even in rural areas of the U.S., and are becoming increasingly pan-Celtic in tone. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The annual San Francisco Celtic Music and Arts Festival runs for several days in a row, and fills a former military building larger than most aircraft hangars, to near capacity. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city

Even the far East evidence a vicarious pan-Celtic interest; the journal (mostly in Japanese) Studia Celtica Japonica is well regarded among scholars. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities (See Modern Celts)

Timeline of Pan-Celticism

See also

References

  1. ^ Devine, T. Celtic Revival covers a variety of movements and trends mostly in the 19th and 20th centuries which drew on Celtic art and traditions Alan Heusaff (23 July 1921 Saint-Yvy – 3 November 1999 Spiddal) was a Breton nationalist and linguist who helped lead the collaborationist militia Ethnic nationalism is a form of Nationalism wherein the " Nation " is defined in terms of Ethnicity. Pan-Arabism is a movement for Unification among the peoples and countries of the Arab World, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pan-Africanism is a Sociopolitical World view, and Philosophy, as well as a movement which seeks to unify both Native Africans and those of Pan-Germanism (Pangermanismus or Alldeutsche Bewegung was a political movement of the 19th century aiming for unity of the German -speaking peoples of Europe Pan-Slavism was a movement in the mid 19th century aimed at unity of all the Slavic peoples The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been Pan-Turkism is a political movement aiming to unite the various Turkic peoples into a modern political State, a Confederation, or an economic union closely Peter Berresford Ellis (born 10 March 1943) is a historian literary biographer and novelist who has published over 80 books to date under his own name and his pseudonym M. "Making the Caledonian Connection: The Development of Irish and Scottish Studies. " Radharc Jouranl of Irish Studies. New York. Vol 3, 2002.
  2. ^ The International Celtic Congress
  3. ^ Celtic League Homepage

External links

Frank Delaney (born October 24 1942 is a novelist journalist and broadcaster The Celts is the title of a 1986 documentary series produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation, written and presented by Frank Delaney Peter Berresford Ellis (born 10 March 1943) is a historian literary biographer and novelist who has published over 80 books to date under his own name and his pseudonym Peter Berresford Ellis (born 10 March 1943) is a historian literary biographer and novelist who has published over 80 books to date under his own name and his pseudonym Roger Hutchinson (born 28 June 1952) is a former Politician in Northern Ireland.
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