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French overseas departments and territories

This article is part of the series on
Administrative divisions of France

(incl. |||} Metropolitan France As of January 1, 2008, Metropolitan France is divided into 22 regions (including Corsica, although |||} Metropolitan France As of January 1, 2008, Metropolitan France is divided into 22 regions (including Corsica, although France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, overseas regions)

(incl. Overseas region (Région d'outre-mer is a recent designation given to the overseas departments which have similar powers to those of the regions of Metropolitan In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division overseas departments)

Urban communities
Agglomeration communities
Commune communities
Syndicates of New Agglomeration

Associated communes
Municipal arrondissements

Others in Overseas France

Overseas collectivities
Sui generis collectivity
Overseas country
Overseas territory
Clipperton Island

The French Overseas Departments and Territories (French: départements d'outre-mer and collectivités d'outre-mer or DOM-TOM) consist broadly of French-administered territories outside of Europe. Overseas department (départements d’outre-mer or DOM) is a designation under the 1946 Constitution of the Fourth Republic that was given to the The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. In France urban communities (communauté urbaine are the most integrated form of intercommunality in France. An agglomeration community ( French: communauté d'agglomération) is a metropolitan government structure in France, created by the Chevènement A communauté de communes (French for "community of communes " is a federation of municipalities (communes in France. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. In France associated communes (communes associées were created by the Commune Merger Act of July 16 1971 (also called the Marcellin Act) The municipal arrondissement (arrondissement municipal pronounced /aʀɔ̃dismɑ̃ mynisipal/ is a subdivision of the commune, used in the three largest cities Paris The French overseas collectivities ( collectivités d'outre-mer or COM) like the French regions, themselves are first-order Administrative divisions For the former North American fur-trading district see New Caledonia (Canada, and for the Scottish colony in Panama see Darien scheme. Overseas country ( French: pays d'outre-mer or POM) is the new designation for the Overseas collectivity of French Polynesia. Clipperton Island ( French: Île de Clipperton or Île de la Passion) is a nine-square-kilometre coral Atoll in the Eastern Pacific French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. These territories have varying legal status and different levels of autonomy, although all have representation in the Parliament of France (except those with no permanent inhabitants), and the right to vote in elections to the European Parliament. This article is for the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU The French Overseas Departments and Territories include island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, a territory on the South American coast, and several periantarctic islands as well as an extensive claim in Antarctica. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a This is a List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands. Sub-Antarctic islands are Islands in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica north of the Antarctic 2,597,318 people lived in the French Overseas Departments and Territories in January 2008. [1]

From a legal and administrative standpoint, departments are very different from territories: according to the French constitution, French laws and regulations generally apply (civil code, penal code, administrative law, social laws, tax laws et cetera), in departments as in the mainland. However, specific laws and regulations can be adapted to their specific situation. In territories, the principle is the opposite: territories are governed by autonomy statutes that allow them to make their own laws, except for some specific areas (like defense, international relations, international trade and currency, courts and administrative law), as provided in the autonomy statute, that are reserved to the central government and its local appointee.

Each inhabited French territory, metropolitan or overseas, is represented in both the French National Assembly and the French Senate (which make up the French Parliament). The French National Assembly. The other is the Senate ( “Sénat”) The Senate (Sénat is the Upper house of the Parliament of France, presided over by a president. This article is for the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution The overseas departments and territories are governed by local elected assemblies and by the French Parlimanent and French Government (where a cabinet member, the Minister of Overseas France, is in charge of issues related to the overseas departments and territories). The government of France is a Semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the fifth Republic, in which the nation declares French government ministers are members of the Prime Minister 's Government or cabinet although in French the term " Cabinet " is rarely used to describe The Minister of Overseas France ("Ministre de l'Outremer" formerly "Minister of Overseas France and her Colonies" is a cabinet member in the Government

Contents

Overseas Departments and Overseas Regions

Overseas Collectivities

This category was created with the constitutional reform on 28 March 2003. Overseas department (départements d’outre-mer or DOM) is a designation under the 1946 Constitution of the Fourth Republic that was given to the Overseas region (Région d'outre-mer is a recent designation given to the overseas departments which have similar powers to those of the regions of Metropolitan Guadeloupe is an island group or Archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea at, with a land area of 1628 square kilometres (629  sq Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Martinique is an Island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, having a land area of 1128 km² Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. French Guiana (Guyane française officially fr ''Guyane'' is an Overseas department (French département d'outre-mer, or DOM) of France Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Réunion ( French: Réunion or formally La Réunion; previously Île Bourbon) is an island located in the Indian Ocean, east of Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The French overseas collectivities ( collectivités d'outre-mer or COM) like the French regions, themselves are first-order Administrative divisions Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Each collectivity has its own statutory laws.

Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy

In 2003 the population of Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form separate overseas collectivities of France. The Minister of Overseas France ("Ministre de l'Outremer" formerly "Minister of Overseas France and her Colonies" is a cabinet member in the Government Saint Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemy officially the Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy (French Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy) is an Overseas collectivity [2] On February 7, 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both Saint Barthélemy and neighbouring Saint Martin. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This article is for the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution [3] The new status took effect on 22 February 2007 when the law was published in the Journal Officiel. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. JORF redirects here For the radio station in Japan see Radio Nippon. [4] They remain part of the European Union, as explicitly stated in the Treaty of Lisbon. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Treaty of Lisbon (also known as the Reform Treaty) is a Treaty designed to streamline the workings of the European Union (EU with amendments to the [5]

Sui Generis Collectivity

The lands making up the French Republic, shown at the same geographic scale.
The lands making up the French Republic, shown at the same geographic scale. The scale of a Map is the ratio of a single unit of distance on the map to the equivalent distance on the ground

New Caledonia has a unique status and is not even a territorial collectivity, unlike all other French subdivisions. For the former North American fur-trading district see New Caledonia (Canada, and for the Scottish colony in Panama see Darien scheme. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) For the former North American fur-trading district see New Caledonia (Canada, and for the Scottish colony in Panama see Darien scheme. A Territorial collectivity ( collectivité territoriale and sometimes collectivité locale) within the French Republic, is the generic name As a result of the 1998 Nouméa Accord, New Caledonians will vote on an independence referendum scheduled between 2014 and 2019. The Nouméa Accord of 1998 promises to grant political power to New Caledonia and its original population the Kanaks until full independence is achieved 2014 ( MMXIV) will be a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2019 ( MMXIX) will be a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. This referendum will determine whether the territory remains a part of the French Republic as an overseas collectivity, or whether it will become an independent nation. The accords also specify a gradual devolution of powers to the local New Caledonian assembly.

Overseas Country

The status of overseas country (French: Pays d'outre-mer), projected for French Pacific dependencies, was finally never created. The 2004 status of French Polynesia gives it this designation, but also recalls that it belongs to the category of overseas communities. The Constitutional Council of France confirmed that the designation of overseas country had no legal consequences. Since its status has no name and since its parliament can make local laws, New Caledonia is sometimes incorrectly termed an overseas country.

Minor Territories

As state private property, France also owns Clipperton Island, a remote island in the Pacific Ocean. Clipperton Island ( French: Île de Clipperton or Île de la Passion) is a nine-square-kilometre coral Atoll in the Eastern Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions

List of French Overseas Territories

Inhabited departments and collectivities

FlagNameCapitalPopulation
(Jan.  2007 , unless otherwise indicated)
Land area (km²)StatusLocationNotes
French GuianaCayenne209,00086,504Overseas department / regionSouth America
French PolynesiaPapeete259,596 (Aug. French Guiana (Guyane française officially fr ''Guyane'' is an Overseas department (French département d'outre-mer, or DOM) of France Cayenne is the Capital of French Guiana, an overseas ''région'' and ''département'' of France located in South America South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a French Polynesia ( French: Polynésie française, Tahitian: Pōrīnetia Farāni) is a French Overseas collectivity in the Papeete ("water from a basket" see footnote for variant spelling (papeʔete is the Capital of French Polynesia, an overseas territory 2007)4,167Overseas collectivitySouth Pacific Ocean
GuadeloupeBasse-Terre451,000 (with St Barth & St Martin)
(ca. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Guadeloupe is an island group or Archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea at, with a land area of 1628 square kilometres (629  sq This article is about the city of Basse-Terre For the island on which the city is located see Basse-Terre Island. Saint Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemy officially the Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy (French Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy) is an Overseas collectivity  408,000 without St Barth & St Martin)
1,703Overseas department / regionAntilles
MartiniqueFort-de-France401,0001,128Overseas department / regionAntilles
MayotteMamoudzou186,452 (July 2007)374Overseas collectivityAfrica
(Mozambique Channel)
Will vote on overseas region status in 2009
Also claimed by Comoros
New CaledoniaNouméa240,39018,575Sui generis collectivitySouth Pacific OceanReferendum for independence in 2014
RéunionSaint-Denis793,0002,512Overseas department / regionAfrica
(Indian Ocean)
Saint BarthélemyGustavia8,45021Overseas collectivityAntillesDetached from Guadeloupe on 22 February 2007
Saint MartinMarigot33,102 (Oct. Saint Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemy officially the Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy (French Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy) is an Overseas collectivity The Antilles (the same in French; Antillas in Spanish; Antillen in Dutch) refers to the islands forming the greater part of the Martinique is an Island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, having a land area of 1128 km² Fort-de-France is the Capital of France 's Caribbean Département d'outre-mer of Martinique. Mamoudzou is the Capital of the French overseas collectivity of Mayotte, in the Indian Ocean. The Mozambique Channel is a portion of the Indian Ocean between the island of Madagascar and southeast Africa, namely Mozambique. A referendum on becoming an Overseas department of France will be held in Mayotte in March or April 2009 The Comoros (ˈkɒməroʊz; جزر القمر Juzur al-Qumur) officially the Union of the Comoros (Union des Comores الإتّحاد القمريّ For the former North American fur-trading district see New Caledonia (Canada, and for the Scottish colony in Panama see Darien scheme. Réunion ( French: Réunion or formally La Réunion; previously Île Bourbon) is an island located in the Indian Ocean, east of Saint-Denis (or unofficially Saint-Denis de la Réunion for disambiguation is the Préfecture (administrative capital of the French The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface Saint Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemy officially the Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy (French Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy) is an Overseas collectivity Gustavia (pop roughly 3000 is the main town of the island of St Guadeloupe is an island group or Archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea at, with a land area of 1628 square kilometres (629  sq Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Marigot is the main town and capital on the French side of the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. 2004)53Overseas collectivityAntillesDetached from Guadeloupe on 22 February 2007
Saint Pierre and MiquelonSaint-Pierre6,125 (Jan. Guadeloupe is an island group or Archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea at, with a land area of 1628 square kilometres (629  sq Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon is a group of small islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Saint-Pierre is the Capital of the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, off of the coast of Newfoundland in Canada 2006)242Overseas collectivitySouth East of Canada
Wallis and FutunaMata-Utu14,944 (July 2003)274Overseas collectivitySouth Pacific Ocean
Overall Summary
StatusPopulation (Jan. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of Wallis and Futuna Islands ( French: Wallis et Futuna or Territoire des îles Wallis et Futuna, Mata-Utu or more correctly Matāutu is the Capital of the Wallis and Futuna Territory 2008)Land area (km²)
Overseas Departments / Regions (incl. St Barth & St Martin)1,877,31891,847
Overseas Collectivities & New Caledonia720,00023,632
Total2,597,318115,479

Uninhabited lands

(Lands generally uninhabited, except by researchers in scientific stations)

FlagNameCapitalLand area (km²)StatusLocationNotes
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic LandsBassas da India-1TAAF districtAfrica
(Mozambique Channel)
Claimed by Madagascar
Flag of FranceClipperton-7French state private propertyWest of MexicoClaimed by Mexico
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic LandsCrozet IslandsAlfred Faure352TAAF districtSouth Indian Ocean
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic LandsEuropa-28TAAF districtAfrica
(Mozambique Channel)
Claimed by Madagascar
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic LandsGlorioso Islands-5TAAF districtIndian OceanClaimed by Comoros, Madagascar and Seychelles
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic LandsJuan de Nova-4,4TAAF districtAfrica
(Mozambique Channel)
Claimed by Madagascar
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic LandsKerguelen IslandsPort-aux-Français7,215TAAF districtSouth Indian Ocean
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic LandsSaint-Paul Island and
Amsterdam Island
Martin-de-Viviès66TAAF districtIndian Ocean
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic LandsTromelin Island-1TAAF districtIndian OceanClaimed by Mauritius

Antarctica

FlagNameCapitalLand area (km²)StatusLocationNotes
Adélie LandDumont d'Urville Station432,000TAAF districtAntarcticaAntarctic Treaty System limiting sovereignty

Largest cities in overseas France

Ranked by population in the urban area:

Further reading

See also

References

  1. ^ INSEE, Government of France. France was a dominant empire in the world from the 1600s to the late 1960s possessing many colonies in various locations around the world |||} Metropolitan France As of January 1, 2008, Metropolitan France is divided into 22 regions (including Corsica, although The government of France is a Semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the fifth Republic, in which the nation declares Indian Ocean Islands The following islands are in the Indian Ocean Réunion (La Réunion - (Overseas department and region The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. Outremer, French ( outre-mer) for " Overseas " was the general name given to the Crusader states established after the INSEE ( French: I nstitut N ational de la S tatistique et des É tudes É conomiques; inse (not) in French is the The government of France is a Semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the fifth Republic, in which the nation declares Bilan démographique 2007 : des naissances toujours très nombreuses. Retrieved on 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English (French)
  2. ^ Staff reporter. "French Caribbean voters reject change" (HTML), Caribbean Net News, 2003-12-09. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Retrieved on 2007-02-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. (english) "However voters on the two tiny French dependencies of Saint-Barthelemy and Saint-Martin, which have been administratively attached to Guadeloupe, approved the referendum and are set to acquire the new status of "overseas collectivity". " 
  3. ^ Magras, Bruno. "Letter of Information from the Mayor to the residents and non-residents, to the French and to the foreigners, of Saint Barthelemy" (PDF), St. Barth Weekly, 2007-02-16, p. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols  2. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy (english) "On February 7 of this year, the French Parliament adopted the law granting Saint Barthelemy the Statute of an Overseas Collectivity. " 
  4. ^ Staff reporter. "Saint-Barth To Become An Overseas Collectivity" (PDF), St. Barth Weekly, 2007-02-09, p. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.  2. Retrieved on 2007-02-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. (english) 
  5. ^ Treaty of Lisbon, Article 2, points 287 and 293. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes

Robert Aldrich and John Connell, France's Overseas Frontier, Cambride University Press, 1992

External links


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