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Osteopenia
Classification and external resources
ICD-10M85. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings 8
ICD-9733.90
DiseasesDB29870
MeSHD001851

Osteopenia is a condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books It is considered by many doctors to be a precursor to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a Disease of Bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. However, not every person diagnosed with osteopenia will develop osteoporosis. More specifically, osteopenia is defined as a bone mineral density T score between -1. 0 and -2. 5. [1]

Contents

Definition and controversy

Osteopenia was defined in June 1992 by the World Health Organization. A group of experts decided that condition would mean a bone density that was one standard deviation below that of an average 30-year-old white woman. The group also defined osteoporosis as bone density 2. 5 standard deviations or more below that the 30-year;[2] previously it had been used only in cases where elderly patients had fractured or broke a bone. [3] An osteoporosis epidemiologist at the Mayo Clinic who participated in setting the criteria in 1992 said "It was just meant to indicate the emergence of a problem," and noted that "It didn't have any particular diagnostic or therapeutic significance. Mayo Clinic is a Non-profit medical practice Its headquarters the Mayo Medical School and its research facilities are in Rochester Minnesota in It was just meant to show a huge group who looked like they might be at risk. "[2]

The definition has been controversial. Dr. Steven R. Cummings, of the University of California at San Francisco, said in 2003 that "There is no basis, no biological, social, economic or treatment basis, no basis whatsoever, for using minus one. The University of California San Francisco ( UCSF) is one of the world's leading centers of Health sciences research Patient care, and education " Cummings also said that "As a consequence, though, more than half of the population is told arbitrarily that they have a condition they need to worry about. "[2]

Diagnosis

The pharmaceutical company Merck, which sells the anti-bone-loss drug Fosamax, estimated in 2003, from its own market research, that about 8 million women had been found to have osteopenia and about a third of them were taking an osteoporosis drug. Merck & Co Inc ( also known as Merck Sharp & Dohme or MSD outside the USA and Canada, is one of the largest Pharmaceutical companies

Scans of bones anywhere in the body can be done with X-rays, known as Dexa (Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA, previously DEXA is a means of measuring Bone mineral density (BMD Scans can also be done with portable scanners using ultrasound, and portable X-ray machines can measure density in the heel. A study paid for by Merck found that the extent to which osteopenia was diagnosed varied from 28 to 45 percent, depending on the type of machine. [2]

Causes

Like osteoporosis, osteopenia occurs more frequently in post-menopausal women as a result of the loss of estrogen. It can also be exacerbated by lifestyle factors such as lack of exercise, excess consumption of alcohol, smoking or prolonged use of glucocorticoid medications such as those prescribed for asthma.

The condition can occur in young women who are athletes. It is associated with female athlete triad syndrome as one of the three components, the other two being amenorrhea and disordered eating. The female athlete triad is a Medical condition seen in Female Athletes characterized by the interplay between three different disorders low energy availability Amenorrhoea ( BE) amenorrhea ( AmE) or amenorrhœa, is the absence of a Menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age Disordered eating is a term that is used by some people to describe a wide variety of irregularities in eating behavior that do not warrant a diagnosis of a specific Eating disorder Female athletes tend to have lower body weight, lower fat percentage, and higher incidence of asthma than their less active peers. The low estrogen levels (stored in body fat) and/or use of corticosteroids to treat asthma can significantly weaken bone over long periods of time. Distance runners in particular are also discouraged from consuming milk products when training, which would result in lower calcium absorption than other groups.

It is also a sign of normal aging, in contrast to osteoporosis which is present in pathologic aging. Ageing or aging (American English is the accumulation of changes in an organism Osteoporosis is a Disease of Bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. = Therapy== Weight Bearing Excercise

References

  1. ^ WHO Scientific Group on the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis (2000 : Geneva, Switzerland) (2003). Prevention and management of osteoporosis : report of a WHO scientific group (pdf). Retrieved on 2007-05-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
  2. ^ a b c d Gina Kolata, "Bone Diagnosis Gives New Data But No Answers", New York Times, September 28, 2003
  3. ^ Shannon Brownlee, "Let's Stop Running Scared", Washington Post, March 30, 2008

See also

External links

Dictionary

osteopenia

-noun

  1. The medical condition of having low bone density, but not low enough to be considered osteoporosis.
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