Old Pipe organ in Église Saint-Thomas, Strasbourg, France. The pipe organ is a Musical instrument that produces sound when pressurized air (wind is driven through a series of pipes, controlled by a keyboard For other churches with the same or similar name please see St Strasbourg (Strasbourg stʁazbuʁ Alsatian: Strossburi,; Straßburg) is the capital and principal City of the Alsace région This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Organ in the Lublin Cathedral, Poland. Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355954 Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland

Modern pipe organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Katharinenkirche ( German: "St Catherine's church" is the largest Evangelical church in Frankfurt am Main, dedicated to the Martyred Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon, "organ, instrument, tool") is a keyboard instrument played using one or more manuals and a pedalboard. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. A manual is a keyboard designed to be played with the hands on a Pipe organ, Harpsichord, Clavichord, A pedalboard (also called a pedal keyboard pedal clavier or with electronic instruments a bass pedalboard is a keyboard played with the feet that is usually used to It uses wind moving through metal or wood pipes to produce sound, which remains constant while a key is depressed. Its sounds, which vary widely in timbre and volume, are divided according to ranks and controlled by the use of stops. An organ stop (or just stop) is a component of a Pipe organ which admits pressurized air (known as wind) to a set of Organ pipes Its name The keyboard is not expressive and does not affect dynamics. Keyboard expression often shortened to expression is the ability of the keyboard of a Keyboard instrument to respond to the dynamics of the music In Music, dynamics normally refers to the volume of a Sound or note, but can also refer to every aspect of the execution of a given piece either stylistic Organs vary greatly in size, ranging from a cubic yard to a height reaching five floors^[1] , and are located primarily in churches, concert halls, and homes. The organ is one of the oldest musical instruments in the Western musical tradition, and carries a rich history connected with Christian liturgy and civic ceremony. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music A Liturgy is a set form of ceremony or pattern of worship Christian liturgy is a pattern for worship used (whether recommended or prescribed by a Christian congregation or

The term "organ" may be applied to a variety of instruments which do not have all of the traits listed above. The most well-known and original type of organ is the pipe organ which is used in many church services and classical music concerts. The pipe organ is a Musical instrument that produces sound when pressurized air (wind is driven through a series of pipes, controlled by a keyboard Another prevalent type is the electronic organ or digital organ, which does not have pipes and generates its electronically-produced sound through one or more loudspeakers; these are often intended to be replacements for pipe organs but are also performed on in genres ranging from rock to jazz. An electronic organ is an Electronic keyboard instrument originally designed to imitate the sound of a Pipe organ. For the Marty Friedman album see Loudspeaker (album A loudspeaker, speaker, or speaker system is an electroacoustical In the 20th century some builders have decided to "electronically enhance" an existing pipe organ. In addition there are many other instruments that also may be considered organs, and these are used in many different ways. Organs are performed upon by organists and are built and maintained by organ builders. An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or Orchestra, or accompany This is a list of notable Pipe organ builders. See also:CategoryOrgan builders Australia Ronald Sharp - Sydney

Pipe organs

Main article: Pipe organ

Modern style pipe organ at the concert hall of Aletheia University in Matou, Taiwan. The pipe organ is a Musical instrument that produces sound when pressurized air (wind is driven through a series of pipes, controlled by a keyboard Aletheia University (after Greek ἀλήθεια, ‘truth’ is a university in Tamsui, Taipei County, Taiwan founded by Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

Pipe organ, St. Elisabethskerk in Grave, Netherlands. Grave ( is a Municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands

The pipe organ is the grandest musical instrument in size and scope, and has been around in its current form since the 14th century (though other designs, such as the hydraulic organ, were already used in Antiquity). The pipe organ is a Musical instrument that produces sound when pressurized air (wind is driven through a series of pipes, controlled by a keyboard A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The water organ or hydraulic organ (early types are sometimes called hydraulis, hydraulos, hydraulus or hydraula) is a type of automatic "Ancient" redirects here For other uses see Ancient_(disambiguation. Along with the clock, it was considered one of the most complex man-made creations before the Industrial Revolution. Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput, or Clock is a gene which encodes proteins regulating Circadian rhythm. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Organs (the "pipe" designation is generally assumed) range in size from a single short keyboard to huge instruments which can have over 10,000 pipes. An organ pipe is a sound-producing element of the Pipe organ that resonates at a specific pitch when pressurized air (commonly referred to as wind A large modern organ typically has three or four manuals with five octaves (61 notes) each, with a two-and-a-half octave (32-note) pedalboard. A manual is a keyboard designed to be played with the hands on a Pipe organ, Harpsichord, Clavichord, A pedalboard (also called a pedal keyboard pedal clavier or with electronic instruments a bass pedalboard is a keyboard played with the feet that is usually used to

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart called the organ the "King of instruments"^[2]. Indeed, the pipe organ has the most extense frequency response and widest dynamic range of all musical instruments conceived by man. Some of the biggest instruments have 64-feet pipes (a foot here means "sonic-foot", a measure quite close to the English measurement unit), and it sounds to an 8 Hz frequency fundamental tone. Perhaps the most distinctive feature is the ability to range from the slightest sound to the most powerful, "pleine-jeu" impressive sonic discharge, which can be sustained in time indefinitely by the organist. For instance, the Wanamaker organ, located in Philadelphia, USA, has sonic resources comparable with three simultaneous symphonic orchestras. Another interesting feature lies in its intrinsic "polyphony" approach: each set of pipes can be played simultaneously with others, and the sound gets truly mixed and interspersed only when they reached the environment, not in the instrument itself (this is the main difference with digital organs, where the sound comes from loudspeakers which plays the resultant electric waveform of several tones being played). In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony

Church organs

The principal purpose of most organs in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand is to play in Christian and Reform Jewish religious services. An organ used for this purpose is generally called a church organ. The introduction of church organs is traditionally attributed to Pope Vitalian in the seventh century. Pope Saint Vitalianus was Pope from July 30, 657, until January 27, 672. Due to its ability to simultaneously provide a musical foundation below the vocal register, support in the vocal register, and increased brightness above the vocal register, the organ is ideally suited to accompany human voices, whether a congregation, a choir or a cantor or soloist. For the musical composition see Chorale. A choir, chorale, or chorus is a Musical ensemble of Singers Most services also include solo organ repertoire for independent performance rather than by way of accompaniment, often as a prelude at the beginning the service and a postlude at the conclusion of the service. The organ repertoire consists of Music written for the organ.

Today this organ may be a pipe organ (see above), a digital or electronic organ which generates the sound with Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chips or a combination of pipes and electronics. The pipe organ is a Musical instrument that produces sound when pressurized air (wind is driven through a series of pipes, controlled by a keyboard An electronic organ is an Electronic keyboard instrument originally designed to imitate the sound of a Pipe organ. Digital signal processing ( DSP) is concerned with the representation of the signals by a sequence of numbers or symbols and the processing of these signals It may be called a church organ or classical organ to differentiate it from the theatre organ, which is a distinctly different instrument. A theatre organ is a Pipe organ originally designed specifically for imitation of an orchestra but in latter years new designs have tended to be around some of the sounds and However, as classical organ repertoire was developed for the pipe organ and in turn influenced its development, the line between a church and a concert organ is hard to draw. The organ repertoire consists of Music written for the organ.

Organs are also used to give recital concerts, called organ recitals. An organ recital is a Concert at which Music especially written for the organ is played In the early twentieth century, symphonic organs flourished in secular venues in the U.S. and UK, designed to replace symphony orchestras by playing transcriptions of orchestral pieces. The symphonic organ is a style of Pipe organ which flourished during the first third of the twentieth century in town halls and other secular public venues (particularly The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Symphonic and orchestral organs largely fell out of favor as the Orgelbewegung (Organ Reform Movement) took hold in the middle of the twentieth century and organ builders began to look to historical models for inspiration in constructing new instruments. Today, modern builders construct organs in a variety of styles and for both secular and sacred applications.

Chamber organs

A chamber organ is a small pipe organ, often with only one manual, and sometimes without separate pedal pipes, that is placed in a small room, that this diminutive organ can fill with sound. It is often confined to chamber organ repertoire, as often, the organs have too little voice capabilities to rival the grand pipe organs in the performance of the classics. The sound and touch are unique unto the instrument, sounding nothing like a large organ with few stops drawn out, but rather much more intimate. They are usually tracker instruments, although the modern builders are often building electropneumatic chamber organs.

Theatre organs

The theatre organ or cinema organ was designed to accompany silent movies. A theatre organ is a Pipe organ originally designed specifically for imitation of an orchestra but in latter years new designs have tended to be around some of the sounds and Like a symphonic organ, it is made to replace an orchestra. However, it includes many more gadgets, such as percussions and special effects, to provide a more complete array of options to the theatre organist. Theatre organs tend not to take nearly as much space as standard organs, relying on extension and higher wind pressures to produce a greater variety of tone and larger volume of sound from fewer pipes. An organ stop (or just stop) is a component of a Pipe organ which admits pressurized air (known as wind) to a set of Organ pipes Its name This extension is called "unification", meaning that instead of one pipe for each key at all pitches, the higher octaves of pitch (and in some cases, lower octaves) are achieved by merely adding 12 pipes (one octave) to the top and/or bottom of a given division. Since there are sixty-one keys on an organ manual, a classical or concert organ will have, for diapason stops at 8', 4' and 2' pitch, a total of 183 pipes (61 times 3). A flue pipe (also referred to as a labial pipe is an Organ pipe that produces sound through the vibration of air molecules in the same manner as a Recorder The same chorus of diapasons on a theatre organ will have only 85 pipes, or 61 plus 12, plus 12. Some ranks, such as the Tibia Clausa, with up to 97 pipes, allow the organist to draw stops at 16', 8', 4', 2', and mutations from a single rank of pipes. A Tibia Clausa is a large-scale stopped wood flute pipe usually with a leathered lip

Unification gives a smaller instrument the capability of a much larger one, and works well for monophonic styles of playing (chordal, or chords with solo voice). The sound is, however, thicker and more homogenous than a classically-designed organ, and is very often reliant on the use of tremulant, which has a depth greater than that usually found on a classical organ. Unification also allows pipe ranks to be played from more than one manual and the pedals.

Electronic organs

Main article: electronic organ

Since the 1930s, pipeless electric instruments have been available to produce similar sounds and perform similar roles to pipe organs. An electronic organ is an Electronic keyboard instrument originally designed to imitate the sound of a Pipe organ. Many of these have been bought both by houses of worship and other potential pipe organ customers, and also by many musicians both professional and amateur for whom a pipe organ would not be a possibility. Far smaller and cheaper to buy than a corresponding pipe instrument, and in many cases portable, they have taken organ music into private homes and into dance bands and other new environments, and have almost completely replaced the reed organ.

Hammond organs

Main article: Hammond organ

The Hammond organ was the first successful electric organ, released in the 1930s. The Hammond organ is an electric organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company It used mechanical, rotating tonewheels to produce the sound waveforms. Its system of drawbars allowed for setting volumes for specific sounds, and provided vibrato-like effects. The drawbars allow the player to choose volume levels of 1-8 for each of the members of the harmonic series starting from 16'. By emphasizing certain harmonics from the overtone series, desired sounds (such as 'brass' or 'string') can be imitated. Generally, the older Hammond drawbar organs had only preamplifiers and were connected to an externalty amplified speaker. The Leslie speaker became the most popular, which is a rotating type speaker. The three most popular models of Hammond organs were the B-3, the C-3, and A-100. Inside all three models, the tone generators, drawbars, & keyboards were identical. The B-3 cabinet stood on 4 legs, the C-3 was an enclosed "church" model and the A100 series had built in amplifiers & speakers.

Though originally produced to replace organs in the church, the Hammond organ, more specifically the B-3, became popular in jazz, particularly soul jazz, and in gospel music. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Soul jazz was a development of Hard bop which incorporated strong influences from Blues, Gospel and Rhythm and blues in music for small Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to Since these were the roots of rock and roll, the Hammond organ became a part of the rock and roll sound. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African It was widely used in rock and popular music during the 1960s and 1970s by bands like Pink Floyd and Deep Purple. Pink Floyd are Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertfordshire in 1968 Its popularity resurged in pop music around 2000, in part due to the availability of clonewheel organs that were light enough for one person to carry. " Clonewheel organ " is a jargon term used to refer to an electronic Musical instrument that emulates (or "clones" the sound of the electromechanical tonewheel-based

Other organs

Frequency divider organs used oscillators instead of mechanical parts to make sound. Oscillation is the repetitive variation typically in Time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of Equilibrium) or between two or more different states These were even cheaper and more portable than the Hammond. They featured an ability to bend pitches.

In the 1940s until the 1970s, small organs were sold that simplified traditional organ stops. An organ stop (or just stop) is a component of a Pipe organ which admits pressurized air (known as wind) to a set of Organ pipes Its name These instruments can be considered the predecessor to modern portable keyboards, as they included one-touch chords, rhythm and accompaniment devices, and other electronically assisted gadgets. A musical keyboard is the set of adjacent depressible levers or keys on a Musical instrument, particularly the piano Lowrey was the leading manufacturer of this type of organs in the smaller (spinet) instruments, with Conn-Selmer and Rodgers dominating the larger instrument market, although the larger models were movable but were not considered portable. Conn-Selmer Inc is a Manufacturer and Distributor of Concert band, Marching band, and Orchestral instruments Rogers is a surname originally German and suggesting prowess with a spear and is modified with the letter d as a Welsh addition

Conn and others also made electronic organs that used separate oscillators for each note, giving them a richer sound, closer to a pipe organ, due to the slight imperfections in tuning, by not using precise division.

In the '60s and '70s, a type of simple, portable electronic organ called the combo organ was popular, especially with pop and rock bands, and was a signature sound in the pop music of the period, such as The Doors, Led Zeppelin, and Iron Butterfly. A combo organ is a type of Electronic organ of the Frequency divider type generally produced between the early 1960s and the late 1970s This article is about the band For their self-titled debut album see The Doors (album; for the Oliver Stone film see The Doors (film; for Doors in computing Led Zeppelin were Iron Butterfly is an American Psychedelic rock and early Heavy metal band well known for their 1968 hit " In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida The most popular combo organs were manufactured by Farfisa and Vox. Farfisa is a manufacturer of electronics based in Italy The Farfisa brand name is commonly associated with a series of compact Electronic organ, and later a series of multi-timbral

The bamboo organ called Bambuso sonoro is an experimental custom-made instrument designed by Hans van Koolwijk. An experimental musical instrument (or custom-made instrument) is a Musical instrument that modifies or extends an existing instrument or class of instruments The instrument has 100 flutes made of bamboo. ^[3]

Digital organs

The development of the integrated circuit enabled another revolution in electronic keyboard instruments. Microchipsjpg|right|thumb|200px|Microchips ( EPROM memory with a transparent window showing the integrated circuit inside Electronic organs sold since the 1980s utilize sampling to produce the sound. In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording

Also available are hybrids, incorporating a few ranks of pipes to produce some sounds, and using digital samples for other sounds and to resolve borrowing collisions. Major manufacturers include Allen (who built the first digital organs), Walker, Marshall & Ogletree, Makin Organs, Wyvern Organs, Phoenix, and Rodgers who built the first hybrid instruments starting in 1972 and for decades has built more organs with pipes than any other manufacturer. Allen Organ Company, formed in 1939 by Jerome Markowitz is located in Macungie Pennsylvania. Rodgers Instruments LLC manufactures church organs, using patented stereophonic digital organ technology

Reed organs

An electrically blown reed chord organ.

The reed organ was the other main type of organ before the development of electronic organs. A reed organ, also called parlor organ pump organ cabinet organ cottage organ, is an organ that generates its sounds using free metal reeds. It generated its sounds using reeds similar to those of a piano accordion. See also Accordion A piano accordion is an Accordion equipped with a right-hand keyboard similar to a Piano or organ Smaller, cheaper and more portable than the corresponding pipe instrument, these were widely used in smaller churches and in private homes, but their volume and tonal range was extremely limited, and they were generally limited to one or two manuals, pedalboards being extremely rare.

A development of the reed organ was the chord organ, which provided chord buttons for the left hand, again similar to a piano accordion in concept. A chord organ is a free-reed musical instrument similar to a small reed organ, in which sound is produced by the flow of air usually driven by an electric motor A few chord organs were later built using frequency divider technology.

Hydraulophone

Outdoor pipe organ (hydraulophone), is open to the public to play on at any time of the day or night. The term hydraulophone refers to one of an interactive acoustic sound sculpture typically in the form of a civic centerpiece used in landscape architecture or

A newly invented instrument, the hydraulophone, is a pipe organ that uses incompressible fluid (water) rather than compressible fluid (air). The term hydraulophone refers to one of an interactive acoustic sound sculpture typically in the form of a civic centerpiece used in landscape architecture or The organ console resembles a flute, and is played by insertion of fingers into one or more "mouths" of the instrument. The Pipe organ is played from an area called the console, which holds the manuals pedals and stop controls This allows for very subtle changes in sound pitch, volume, texture, and timbre, giving rise to an ability to play the organ very expressively. In this way the hydraulophone combines the expressivity of the tin flute (where you can cover up the finger holes halfway, or change the sound in other subtle ways) with the polyphony of the organ.

Because these organs run on water, they are, in a sense, self-cleaning, and are thus useful as outdoor pipe organs. The largest such pipe organ is the main architectural centerpiece out in front of the Ontario Science Centre, and is open to the public 24 hours a day.

Organ music

Classical music

Main article: organ repertoire

The organ has had an important place in classical music throughout its history. The organ repertoire consists of Music written for the organ. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Antonio de Cabezón, Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, and Girolamo Frescobaldi were three of the most important composers and teachers before 1650. Antonio de Cabezón (1510 &ndash March 26, 1566) was a Spanish composer and Organist of the Renaissance. Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (April or May 1562 &ndash October 16 1621 was a Dutch Composer, Organist, and Pedagogue whose work straddled the Girolamo Frescobaldi (baptized mid-September 1583 – March 1 1643 was an Italian musician one of the most important Composers of keyboard music in the late Influenced by these composers, the North German school then rose to prominence with notable composers including Dieterich Buxtehude and especially Johann Sebastian Bach, considered by many to have achieved the height of organ composition. Dieterich Buxtehude ( Dietrich, Diderich) (c 1637 &ndash 9 May 1707 was a German-Danish Organist, Lutenist WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section.2 This article is written in British English including maximised use of "-ise" During this time, the French Classical school also flourished.

After Bach, the organ's prominence gradually lost ground to the piano. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers Felix Mendelssohn, A.P.F. Boëly, and César Franck led a resurgence in the mid-1800s, leading a Romantic movement that would be carried further by Max Reger, Charles-Marie Widor, Louis Vierne, and others. Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and generally known as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3 1809 &ndash November 4 1847 was a German Composer Alexandre Pierre François Boëly ( Versailles, April 19 1785 - Paris, December 27, 1858) was a French Composer César Franck (December 10 1822 – November 8 1890 a Composer, Organist and music teacher of Belgian and German origin who lived in France Romantic Music is a Musicological term referring to a particular period theory compositional practice and canon in European music history from about 1815 to 1910 Johann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger ( March 19 1873 &ndash May 11 1916) was a German Composer, conductor Charles-Marie Jean Albert Widor (February 21 1844 &ndash March 12 1937 was a French organist, Composer and teacher Louis Victor Jules Vierne was a renowned French organist and Composer. In the 20th century, composers such as Marcel Dupré and Olivier Messiaen added significant contributions to the organ repertoire. Marcel Dupré (May 3 1886 &ndash May 30 1971 was a French Organist, Pianist, Composer, and Pedagogue. Olivier Messiaen ( December 10 1908 &ndash April 27 1992 was a French Composer, organist and ornithologist. Organ music continues to be composed.

Because the organ has both manuals and pedals, most organ music is notated on three staves. In standard Western Musical notation, the staff ( AmE) or stave The music played on the manuals is laid out like music for other keyboard instruments on the top two staves, and the music for the pedals is notated on the third stave or sometimes added to the bottom of the second stave to save room. To aid the eye in reading so many staves at once, the bar lines are broken between the lowest two staves. In Musical notation, a bar or measure is a segment of time defined as a given number of beats of a given duration For convenience sake, the larger number of staves often contributes to the music being often published in landscape format rather than the more commonly used portrait format.

Soap operas

From their creation on radio in the 1930s to the times of television in the early 1970s, soap operas were perhaps the biggest users of organ music. A soap opera is an ongoing episodic work of Fiction, usually broadcast on Television or Radio. Day in and day out, the melodramatic serials utilized the instrument in the background of scenes and in their opening and closing theme songs. Some of the best-known soap organists included Charles Paul, John Gart, and Paul Barranco. Charles Paul is an American Composer and Organist, most known for his musical accompaniment on Radio and Television. In the early 1970s, the organ was phased out in favor of more dramatic, full-blown orchestras, which in turn were replaced with more modern pop-style compositions. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure

Popular music

Church-style pipe organs are very rarely used in popular music. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more In some cases, groups have sought out the sound of the pipe organ, such as Tangerine Dream,and Arrogant Worms which used combined the distinctive sounds of electronic synthesizers and pipe organs when it recorded both music albums and videos in several cathedrals in Europe. Tangerine Dream is a German Electronic music group founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. An album or record album is a collection of related audio or Music tracks distributed to the public Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral Rick Wakeman of British progressive rock group Yes also used pipe organ to excellent effect in a number of the group's albums (including "Close to the Edge" and "Going for the One"). Richard Christopher Wakeman (born 18 May 1949 in Perivale, London) is an English Keyboard player best known as the Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved Yes are an English Progressive rock band that formed in London in 1968. Close to the Edge is the fifth album by British Progressive rock band Yes. Going for the One is the eighth studio Album by British Progressive rock band Yes. Wakeman has also used pipe organ in his solo pieces such as "Jane Seymour" from The Six Wives Of Henry VIII and "Judas Iscariot" from Criminal Record. Even more recently, he has recorded an entire album of organ pieces – "Rick Wakeman at Lincoln Cathedral". Lincoln Cathedral (in full The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln, or sometimes St George Duke employed the pipe organ in a flamboyant manner in the piece "50/50" on the Frank Zappa album Over-Nite Sensation. George Duke (born 12 January, 1946 in San Rafael California) is a piano and Synthesizer pioneer and singer Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director Over-Nite Sensation is an Album by Frank Zappa, released in 1973 (see 1973 in music) Dennis DeYoung of American rock group Styx used the pipe organ at Chicago's St. James Cathedral on the song "I'm O. Dennis DeYoung (born February 18, 1947) is an American singer Songwriter, Musician and producer best known for being a founding Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Styx ( pronounced: /stɪks/ is an American Rock band. Their hit songs have included " Come Sail Away " " Babe " " Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. St James Cathedral or formally Cathedral of Saint James is the Motherchurch of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America Diocese of Chicago K. " on the group's 1978 album Pieces of Eight. Pieces of Eight is the eighth Studio album and second Concept album by Styx, released September 1 1978 (see 1978 in In 2000 Radiohead Frontman Thom Yorke played the organ on the Kid A album to great effect, most notably in "Motion Picture Soundtrack". Radiohead Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968 is a Grammy -winning English Musician, best known as the lead singer and principal songwriter of the Kid A is the fourth album by the English Alternative rock band Radiohead, released on in the United Kingdom and on in the United States and Canada More recently, Arcade Fire have used a church organ on the songs "Intervention" and "My Body Is a Cage" on their newest album Neon Bible. Arcade Fire (often referred to as The Arcade Fire) is an Indie rock band based in Montreal, Quebec and fronted by the husband and wife duo Neon Bible is the second album by Canadian Indie rock band Arcade Fire. Muse have also used a church organ on their album 'Origin of Symmetry' in the form of 'Megalomania', played by their frontman Matt Bellamy. Muse are Origin of Symmetry is English rock band Muse 's second album released in June 2001 on Mushroom Records in the UK and Australia and in September Matthew James Bellamy (born 9 June, 1978) is the main Songwriter and Lead vocalist, Guitarist and Pianist in It has been performed live only once on a pipe organ, at the Royal Albert Hall. The Royal Albert Hall is an Arts venue situated in the Knightsbridge area of the City of Westminster, London, England, best known

On the other hand, electronic organs and electromechanical organs such as the Hammond organ have an established role in a number of non-"Classical" genres, such as blues, jazz, gospel, and 1960s and 1970s rock music. An electronic organ is an Electronic keyboard instrument originally designed to imitate the sound of a Pipe organ. The Hammond organ is an electric organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company Electronic and electromechanical organs were originally designed as lower-cost substitutes for pipe organs. Despite this intended role as a sacred music instrument, electronic and electromechanical organs' distinctive tone-often modified with electronic effects such as vibrato, rotating Leslie speakers, and overdrive-became an important part of the sound of popular music. Billy Preston and Iron Butterfly's Doug Ingle have featured organ on popular recordings such as "Let it Be" and "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida", respectively. William Everett Preston ( September 2 1946 – June 6 2006) was an American Soul musician from Houston Texas, Iron Butterfly is an American Psychedelic rock and early Heavy metal band well known for their 1968 hit " In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida Doug Ingle (born September 9, 1946 in Omaha Nebraska, US) was the organist vocalist and primary Composer for the "Let It Be" is a song by The Beatles, released in March 1970 as a single and as the Title track of their album Let It Be. Well-known rock bands using the Hammond organ include Pink Floyd and Deep Purple. Pink Floyd are Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertfordshire in 1968

Recent performers of Popular organ music include William Rowland of Broken Arrow, Oklahoma who is noted for his compositions of "Piano Rags" which he plays on a Wurlitzer theatre organ in Miami, Oklahoma; George Wright (1920-1998) whose "Jealousie" and "Puttin on the Ritz" are some of the finest performances of this genre and Virgil Fox (1912-1980), who bridged both the classical and religious areas of music with pop and so-called Heavy Organ concerts that he played on an electronic organ accompanied by a light show similar to those created in the 1960s for rock concerts. Broken Arrow is a city located in the northeastern part of the U See also Miami (disambiguation Miami is a city in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, United States. George Wright may refer to In politics: George Wright (governor (1780&ndash1842 Canadian Governor of Prince Edward Island Virgil Keel Fox ( May 3, 1912 – October 25, 1980) was an American Organist, known especially for his flamboyant "Heavy Organ" Jimmy Smith was a famous jazz organist of the twentieth century. Jimmy Smith ( December 8, 1925 year is disputed and is often given as 1928 – February 8, 2005) was a Jazz musician whose performances

The American Theatre Organ Society ATOS has been instrumental in programs to preserve the instruments originally installed in theatres for accompaniment of silent movies. or is a computerized control system used by the East Japan Railway Company to regulate train traffic on railway lines in metropolitan Tokyo, Japan. In addition to local chapter events they hold an annual convention each year, highlighting performers and instruments in a specific locale. These instruments feature the Tibia pipe family as their foundation stops and regular use of tremulants. They were usually equipped with mechanical percussion accessories, pianos, and other imitative sounds useful in creating movie sound accompaniments such as auto horns, doorbells, and bird whistles.

Jazz

The electronic organ, especially the Hammond B-3, has occupied a significant role in jazz ever since Jimmy Smith made it popular in the 1950s. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Jimmy Smith ( December 8, 1925 year is disputed and is often given as 1928 – February 8, 2005) was a Jazz musician whose performances It can function as a replacement for both piano and bass in the standard jazz combo.

Similar instruments

A harmonium. A harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ Operation of the two large pedals at the bottom of the case supplies wind to the reeds.

Early instruments

• the Hydraulos, ancient Greek water-powered instrument (see water organ)
• the Magrepha, ancient Hebrew organ
• the portative organ, a small portable medieval instrument
• the positive organ, a somewhat larger though still portable medieval instrument

Hand- or foot-powered instruments

• the accordion and concertina, in which the bellows is operated by the squeezing action of the instrumentalist;
• the Harmonium or parlor organ, a reed instrument usually with many stops and two foot-operated bellows which the instrumentalist operates alternately;
• the American Reed Organ is another foot bellow reed keyboard very similar to the Harmonium but it works on negative pressure rather than positive so it sucks air through the reeds;
• the melodeon, a reed instrument with an air reservoir and a foot operated bellows, popular in the USA in the mid-19th century;

Entertainment instruments

• the barrel organ, made famous by the organ grinder in its portable form, and relatively invisible in its larger form because it was then often fitted out with keyboards to give the option for an entirely human performance
• the steam calliope, a pipe organ operated on steam rather than air;
• the fairground organ, a pipe organ which uses mechanical means instead of a keyboard to play a prepared song. The water organ or hydraulic organ (early types are sometimes called hydraulis, hydraulos, hydraulus or hydraula) is a type of automatic A portative organ ( portatif organ, portativ organ, or simply portative, portatif, or portativ) (from the Latin verb A positive organ (pronounced "posi' teev' " also positiv organ, positif organ, portable organ, chair organ, or simply The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox A concertina is a free-reed Musical instrument, like the various Accordions and the Harmonica. A bellows is a device for delivering pressurized Air in a controlled quantity to a controlled location A harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ A barrel organ (or roller organ) is a mechanical musical instrument consisting of Bellows and one or more ranks of pipes housed in a case usually The organ grinder was a musical novelty street performer of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century and refers to the operator of a A calliope is a Musical instrument that produces sound by sending Steam through whistles, originally locomotive whistles A fairground organ (or band organ (US is a Pipe organ designed for use in a commercial public fairground setting to provide loud music to accompany fairground
• various sorts of novelty instruments operating on the same principles

Mouth-played instruments

• the harmonica, where the musician effectively blows directly onto the reeds is also known as a mouth organ;
• the pan-pipes
• bagpipes

See also

• Hydraulis
• Street organ
• Organist
• Organ repertoire
• Organ recital
• List of organ composers
• List of organists
• Electronic organ
• Pipe organ
• Open tube
• Closed tube
• List of organ builders

Notes

External links

• www.iao.org.uk - Regularly updated list of over 1600 hand-crafted links to websites covering all aspects of classical organs and organ music
• npor.emma.cam.ac.uk – Homepage of the National Pipe Organ Register of the British Institute of Organ Studies, with extensive information on and many audio samples of original instruments
• orgel.edskes.net – Edskes Organ website with information and photos of various organs
• Tulips On My Organ – Organ music culled from some of the roundest LPs of the last 100 years
• Encyclopedia of Organ Stops – Information on construction and sound of various organ stops
• Organlive.com – Over 6500 tracks of free organ music, delivered via streaming audio
• Tuning to an Unequal Temperament or "well temperament" contrasts with Equal Temperament gives a different character to each key and was used in the time of Bach and possibly throughout much of the 19th century
• Symphonic composers such as Vierne and Widor are not generally as well-known as orchestral composers such as Beethoven and Brahms simply because they wrote exclusively for the pipe organ. Streaming multimedia is Multimedia that is constantly received by and normally presented to an end-user while it is being delivered by a streaming provider (the Equal temperament is a Musical temperament, or a system of tuning in which every pair of adjacent notes has an identical Frequency ratio. Louis Victor Jules Vierne was a renowned French organist and Composer. Charles-Marie Jean Albert Widor (February 21 1844 &ndash March 12 1937 was a French organist, Composer and teacher Both the instrument and the repertoire are suffering decline in the UK as churches are closed and pipe organs are scrapped.
• Pipe organs
  • ibiblio: The Pipe Organ
  • The American Guild of Organists – A professional association serving the organ and choral music fields
  • The Incorporated Association of Organists - UK umbrella organisation for 90 affiliated organists' associations and 6,000 individual members
  • The Organ Historical Society – The Society promotes a widespread musical and historical interest in American organbuilding through collection, preservation, and publication of historical information, and through recordings and public concerts.
  • Pipedreams – organ radio broadcasts, articles, and more
  • Pipe Organs 101
  • The World's Largest Organs
  • nzorgan.com – a vast website that chronicles in detail the installation of a pipe organ in New Zealand
  • A Great Dom-Bedos Roubo Organ Project in Italy
  • (German) orgelwelt.eu: gallery with lots of pipe organ pictures
• Theatre organs
  • American Theatre Organ Society
  • TheatreOrgans.com
  • The Walker Digital Unit Orchestra
• Electronic organs
  • Allen Organ Company history
  • Hammond organs history
  • Electronic Organ Constructor's Society
  • Makin Organs (digitally sampled organs)
  • Rodgers Instruments (stereo digital sampled organs and hybrid digital/pipe organs)
  • Phoenix Custom Organs (digitally sampled and hybrid organs)
  • SCPOP : a digitally low-cost emulation of a pipe organ

References

Michael Markovits, Die Orgel im Altertum (Leiden: Brill, 2003), Pp. xxiii, 783.