Queen Scheherazade tells her stories to King Shahryār. Scheherazade (ʃəˌhɛrəˈzɑːd -ˈzɑːdə sometimes Scheherazadea, Persian transliteration Shahrazad or Shahrzād (شهرزاد Šahrzād This is a list of characters within the Medieval collection of Middle Eastern Folk tales One Thousand and One Nights.

One Thousand and One Nights (Arabic: كتاب ألف ليلة وليلة‎ - kitāb 'alf layla wa-layla; Persian: هزار و یک شب - Hezār-o yek šab) is a collection of stories collected over many centuries by various authors, translators and scholars in various countries. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language These collections of tales trace their roots back to ancient Arabia and Yemen, ancient India, ancient Asia Minor, ancient Persia (especially the Sassanid Hazār Afsān Persian: هزار افسان, lit. The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya This article is about the history of South Asia prior to the Partition of British India in 1947 Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire Thousand Tales), ancient Egypt, ancient Mesopotamian Mythology, ancient Syria, and medieval Arabic folk stories from the Caliphate era. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian Akkadian Assyrian and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfa) is the political leadership of the Muslim community in classical and medieval Islamic history Though the oldest Arabic manuscript dates from the fourteenth century, scholarship generally dates the collection's genesis to somewhere between AD 800-900.

What is common throughout all the editions of The Nights is the initial frame story of the ruler Shahryar (from Persian: شهريار generally meaning king or sovereign) and his wife Scheherazade (from Persian: شهرزاده generally meaning townswoman) and the framing device incorporated throughout the tales themselves. A frame story (also frame tale, frame narrative, etc is a narrative technique whereby an introductory main story is composed at least in part for the purpose of This is a list of characters within the Medieval collection of Middle Eastern Folk tales One Thousand and One Nights. Scheherazade (ʃəˌhɛrəˈzɑːd -ˈzɑːdə sometimes Scheherazadea, Persian transliteration Shahrazad or Shahrzād (شهرزاد Šahrzād The stories proceed from this original tale; some are framed within other tales, while others begin and end of their own accord. Some editions contain only a few hundred nights, while others include 1001 or more "nights. "

The collection, or at least certain stories drawn from it (or purporting to be drawn from it) became widely known in the West during the nineteenth century, after it was translated - first into French and then English and other European languages. At this time it acquired the English name The Arabian Nights' Entertainment or simply Arabian Nights. The best known stories from The Nights include "Aladdin's Wonderful Lamp," "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves," and "The Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor. Aladdin (an Anglicisation of the Arabic name (originally Syrian Alāʼ ad-Dīn, Arabic: علاء الدين literally "nobility of the faith" Ali Baba ( Arabic, Persian: علي بابا is a Fictional character based in Ancient Arabia. " Ironically these particular stories, while they are genuine Middle Eastern folk tales, were not part of the "Nights" in its Arabic versions, but were interpolated into the collection by its early European translators.

Synopsis

See also: List of stories within The Book of One Thousand and One Nights

"The Sultan Pardons Scheherazade", by Arthur Boyd Houghton (1836-1875)

The main frame story concerns a Persian king and his new bride. This article provides a list of stories within Richard Francis Burton 's translation of One Thousand and One Nights. A frame story (also frame tale, frame narrative, etc is a narrative technique whereby an introductory main story is composed at least in part for the purpose of The king, Shahryar, upon discovering his former wife's infidelity has her executed and then declares all women to be unfaithful. He begins to marry a succession of virgins only to execute each one the next morning. Eventually the vizier cannot find any more virgins. A Vizier ( - wazīr) (sometimes also spelled Vazir Vizir Vasir Wazir Vesir, or Vezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many western Asian Scheherazade, the vizier's daughter, offers herself as the next bride and her father reluctantly agrees. Scheherazade (ʃəˌhɛrəˈzɑːd -ˈzɑːdə sometimes Scheherazadea, Persian transliteration Shahrazad or Shahrzād (شهرزاد Šahrzād On the night of their marriage, Scheherazade tells the king a tale, but does not end it. The king is thus forced to keep her alive in order to hear the conclusion. The next night, as soon as she finishes the tale, she begins (and only begins) another. So it goes for 1,001 nights.

The tales vary widely: they include historical tales, love stories, tragedies, comedies, poems, burlesques and various forms of erotica. Burlesque is a genre of entertainment also known as Travesty. Numerous stories depict djinn, magicians, and legendary places, which are often intermingled with real people and geography; the historical caliph Harun al-Rashid is a common protagonist, as are his alleged court poet Abu Nuwas and his vizier, Ja'far al-Barmaki. GEnie (General Electric Network for Information Exchange was an online service The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Hārūn al-Rashīd (and Persian: هارون الرشيد) also spelled Harun ar-Rashid; English: Aaron the Upright, Aaron the Abu-Nuwas al-Hasan ben Hani al-Hakami ( 750 &ndash 810) known as Abū-Nuwās ( Arabic: ابونواس) was one of the greatest of classical Ja'far bin Yahya Barmaki (جعفر بن يحيى ja`far ben yaḥyā (767-803 was the son of a Persian Vizier ( Yahya ibn Khalid) of the Arab Sometimes a character in Scheherazade's tale will begin telling other characters a story of his own, and that story may have another one told within it, resulting in a richly-layered narrative texture.

The different versions have different individually detailed endings (in some Scheherazade asks for a pardon, in some the king sees their children and decides not to execute his wife, in some other things happen that make the king distracted) but they all end with the king giving his wife a pardon and sparing her life.

The narrator's standards for what constitutes a cliffhanger seem broader than in modern literature. While in many cases a story is cut off with the hero in danger of losing his life or another kind of deep trouble, in some parts of the full text Scheherazade stops her narration in the middle of an exposition of abstract philosophical principles or complex points of Islamic philosophy, and in one case during a detailed description of human anatomy according to Galen—and in all these cases turns out to be justified in her belief that the king's curiosity about the sequel would buy her another day of life. Galen ( Greek: Γαληνός Galēnos; Latin: Claudius Galenus, Aelius Galenus, Claudius Aelius Galenus, or

History and editions

Early influences

A page from Kelileh va Demneh dated 1429, from Herat, a Persian translation of the Panchatantra — depicts the manipulative jackal-vizier, Dimna, trying to lead his lion-king into war. area3018 sq mi Herāt ( classically called the Aria, is a city in western Afghanistan, in the province also known as Herāt. The Panchatantra (also spelled Pañcatantra, in Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र 'Five Principles' or Kalīleh o Demneh

The tales in the collection can be traced to the Indian, Persian, Egyptian, and Arab ancient storytelling traditions. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost The Culture of Egypt has five thousand years of recorded history The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding ^[1] Many stories from Indian and Persian folklore parallel the tales^[2] as well as Jewish sources. ^[3] These tales were probably in circulation before they were collected and codified into a single collection. This work was further shaped by scribes, storytellers, and scholars and evolved into a collection of three distinct layers of storytelling by the 15th century:^[1]

1. Persian tales influenced by Indian folklore and adapted into Arabic by the 10th century. Scribes is a programmers' text editor for GNOME with a simple design Scholarly method &mdash or as it is more commonly called scholarship &mdash is the body of principles and practices used by scholars to make their claims about the world as
2. Stories recorded in Baghdad during the 10th century.
3. Medieval Egyptian folklore. The Culture of Egypt has five thousand years of recorded history

The Indian folklore is represented by certain animal stories, which reflect influence from ancient Sanskrit fables. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical The influence of the Baital Pachisi collections is notable. Baital Pachisi or Vetala Panchvimshati (" Twenty five tales of Baital " or Vikram and The Vampire is a collection ^[4] The Jataka is a collection of 547 stories, which are for the most part moral stories with an ethical purpose. The Jātaka Tales ( Sanskrit जातक and Pali, Malay: jetaka Lao: satok refer to a voluminous body of Folklore -like literature The Tale of the Bull and the Ass and the linked Tale of the Merchant and his Wife are found in the frame stories of both the Jataka and the Arabian Nights. ^[5]

The influence from the folklore of Baghdad is represented by the tales of the Abbasid caliphs; the Cairene influence is made evident by Maruf the cobbler. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Tales such as Iram of the columns are based upon the pre-Islamic legends of the Arabian peninsula; motifs are employed from the ancient Mesopotamian tale of Gilgamesh. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding Gilgamesh was the son of Lugalbanda and the fifth king of Uruk (Early Dynastic II first dynasty of Uruk ruling circa 2600 BC according to the Sumerian king Possible Greek influences have also been noted. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions ^[6]

Versions

The first European version of the Book of the Thousand and One Nights (1704-1717) was translated into French by Antoine Galland from an Arabic text and other sources. Antoine Galland ( April 4, 1646 &mdash February 17, 1715) was a French Orientalist and Archaeologist, most ^[2] This 12-volume book, Les Mille et une nuits, contes arabes traduits en français ("Thousand and one nights, Arab stories translated into French"), included stories that were not in the original Arabic manuscript. "Aladdin's Lamp" and "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" appeared first in Galland's translation and cannot be found in any of the original manuscripts. He wrote that he heard them from a Syrian Christian storyteller from Aleppo, a Maronite scholar whom he called "Hanna Diab. Syrians today are an overall indigenous Levantine people closely related to their immediate neighbours like the Lebanese and (to a lesser extent Jordanians A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth For other meanings see Aleppo (disambiguation. Halab redirects here for other meanings see Halab (disambiguation. Maronites ( الموارنة,, Syriac: ܡܪܘܢܝܐ, Latin: Ecclesia Maronitarum) are members of one of the Syriac "

Galland's version of the Nights were immensely popular throughout Europe, and later versions of the Nights were written by Galland's publisher using Galland's name without his consent.

A well-known English translation is that by Sir Richard Francis Burton, entitled The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night (1885). Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton KCMG FRGS (19 March 1821 &ndash 20 October 1890 was an English Explorer, Translator, writer Unlike previous editions his ten-volume translation was not bowdlerized. Thomas Bowdler ( IPA /ˈbaʊdlə/ ( July 11, 1754 &ndash February 24, 1825) was an English Physician who published Though printed in the Victorian era it contained all the erotic nuances of the source material replete with sexual imagery and pederastic allusions added as appendices to the main stories by Burton. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings For a generalized discussion of relations between men and boys see main article Pederasty The practice of pederasty in the Middle East Burton circumvented strict Victorian laws on obscene material by printing a private edition for subscribers only rather than publicly publishing the book. His original ten volumes were followed by a further six entitled The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night, which were printed between 1886 and 1888.

Poster for a Russian production of 1001 nights. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending

Recent versions of the Nights include that of the French doctor J. C. Mardrus, translated into English by Powys Mathers, and, notably, a critical edition based on the 14th century Syrian manuscript in the Bibliothèque Nationale, compiled in Arabic by Muhsin Mahdi and rendered into English by Husain Haddawy, by and large the best English language version to date. Joseph Charles Mardrus (1868-1949 born in Cairo, was a French physician and a noted translator Edward Powys Mathers ( 28 August, 1892 &ndash 3 February, 1939) was an English Translator and Poet, and also Muḥsin Mahdī ( June 21 1926 – July 9 2007) was universally acclaimed as the doyen of medieval Arabic and Islamic philosophy

In 2005, Brazilian scholar Mamede Mustafa Jarouche started publishing a thorough Portuguese translation of the work, based on the comparative analysis of a series of different Arabic manuscripts. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. The first three volumes of a planned five- or six-volume set have already been released, comprising the complete Syrian branch of the book (volumes 1 and 2) and part of the later Egyptian branch (volume 3 and onwards). ^[7]

Timeline

Arabic Manuscript of The Thousand and One Nights back to the 1300s

Scholars have assembled a timeline concerning the publication history of The Nights:^[8][9]

• Oldest Arabic manuscript (a few handwritten pages) from Syria dating to the early 800s discovered by scholar Nabia Abbott in 1948. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية

• 900s AD — Mention of The Nights in Ibn Al-Nadim's "Fihrist" (Catalogue of books) in Baghdad. Abu'l-Faraj Muhammad bin Ishaq al-Nadim ( Arabic: ابو الفرج محمد بن إسحاق النديم whose father was known as al-Warraq (Arabic الورّاق Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous He mentions the book's history and its Persian origins.

• 900s — Second oldest reference to The Nights in Muruj Al-Dhahab (Meadows of Gold) by Al-Masudi. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn íbn Ali al-Mas'udi (transl) (born c

• 1000s AD — Mention of the original Persian name of the One Thousands and One Nights by Qatran Tabrizi in the following couplet in Persian:

هزار ره صفت هفت خوان و رويين دژ
فرو شنيدم و خواندم من از هزار افسان

A thousand times, accounts of Rouyin Dezh and Haft Khān
I heard and read from Hezār Afsān (literally Thousand Fables)

• 1300s — Existing Syrian manuscript in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris (contains about 300 tales). Abū-Mansūr Qatrān-i Tabrīzī (1009-1072, was a royal Iranian poet Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

• 1704 — Antoine Galland's French translation is the first European version of The Nights. Antoine Galland ( April 4, 1646 &mdash February 17, 1715) was a French Orientalist and Archaeologist, most Later volumes were introduced using Galland's name though the stories were written by unknown persons at the behest of the publisher wanting to capitalize on the popularity of the collection.

• 1706 — An anonymously translated version in English appears in Europe dubbed the "Grub Street" version. Until the early 1800s Grub Street was the name of a street in London 's impoverished Moorfields district

• 1775 — Egyptian version of The Nights called "ZER" (Hermann Zotenberg's Egyptian Recension) with 200 tales (no surviving edition exists). Hermann Zotenberg (1836 Silesia – 1894 Paris) was an Orientalist and Arabist.

• 1814 — Calcutta I, the earliest existing Arabic printed version, is published by the British East India Company. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or A second volume was released in 1818. Both had 100 tales each.

• 1825-1838 — The Breslau/Habicht edition is published in Arabic in 8 volumes. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Christian Maxmilian Habicht (born in Breslau, Germany, 1775) collaborated with the Tunisian Murad Al-Najjar and created this edition containing 1001 stories. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Using versions of The Nights, tales from Al-Najjar, and other stories from unknown origins Habicht published his version in Arabic and German.

• 1842-1843 — Four additional volumes by Habicht.

• 1835 Bulaq version — These two volumes, printed by the Egyptian government, are the oldest printed (by a publishing house) version of The Nights in Arabic by a non-European. It is primarily a reprinting of the ZER text.

• 1839-1842 — Calcutta II (4 volumes) is published. It claims to be based on an older Egyptian manuscript (which was never found). This version contains many elements and stories from the Habicht edition.

• 1838 — Torrens version in English.

• 1838-1840 — Edward William Lane publishes an English translation. Edward William Lane ( September 17, 1801, Hereford, England &mdash August 10, 1876, Worthing, Sussex Notable for its exclusion of content Lane found "immoral" and for its anthropological notes on Arab customs by Lane. Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of

• 1882-1884 — John Payne publishes an English version translated entirely from Calcutta II, adding some tales from Calcutta I and Breslau. John Payne (1842 - 1916 was an English Poet and translator, from Devon.

• 1885-1888 — Sir Richard Francis Burton publishes an English translation from several sources. Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton KCMG FRGS (19 March 1821 &ndash 20 October 1890 was an English Explorer, Translator, writer His version accentuated the sexuality of the stories vis-à-vis Lane's bowdlerized translation. Thomas Bowdler ( IPA /ˈbaʊdlə/ ( July 11, 1754 &ndash February 24, 1825) was an English Physician who published

• 1889-1904 — J. C. Mardrus publishes a French version using Bulaq and Calcutta II editions.

• 1984 — Muhsin Mahdi publishes an Arabic translation he says is faithful to the oldest Arabic versions surviving.

• 1990s — Husain Haddawy publishes an English translation of Mahdi.

The Nights in World culture

Literature

The influence of the versions of the Nights on World Literature is immense. Writers as diverse as Henry Fielding to Naguib Mahfouz have alluded to the work by name in their own literature. Henry Fielding ( April 22, 1707 &ndash October 8, 1754) was an English Novelist and Dramatist known for his Naguib Mahfouz (نجيب محفوظ Nagīb Maḥfūẓ ( December 11, 1911 – August 30, 2006) was an Egyptian Novelist

Examples of this influence include:

• Edgar Allan Poe wrote a "Thousand and Second Night" as a separate tale, called "The Thousand and Second Tale of Scheherazade. Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, " It depicts the 8th and final voyage of Sinbad the Sailor, along with the various mysteries Sinbad and his crew encounter; the anomalies are then described as footnotes to the story. While the king is uncertain—except in the case of the elephants carrying the world on the back of the turtle—that these mysteries are real, they are actual modern events that occurred in various places during, or before, Poe's lifetime. The story ends with the king in such disgust at the tale Scheherazade has just woven, that he has her executed the very next day.

• Bill Willingham, creator of the comic book series Fables, used the story of The Nights as the basis of his Fables prequel, Fables: 1001 Nights of Snowfall. Bill Willingham (born December 1956 in Fort Belvoir Virginia) is an American Writer and Artist of Comics. A fable is a succinct story in prose or verse that features Animals Plants inanimate objects, or forces of nature which are In the book, Snow White tells the tales of the Fables, magical literary characters, to the sultan in order to avoid her impending death. Snow White (in Low German Sneewittchen; in High German Schneeweißchen) is the title character of a Fairy tale known from many countries in

• Two notable novels loosely based on The Nights are Arabian Nights and Days by Naguib Mahfouz and When Dreams Travel by Githa Hariharan. Arabian Nights and Days is a Novel by Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Naguib Mahfouz (نجيب محفوظ Nagīb Maḥfūẓ ( December 11, 1911 – August 30, 2006) was an Egyptian Novelist Githa Hariharan (born 1954) is an Indian author and editor Biography Githa Hariharan is an Indian writer based in New Delhi. The children's book The Storyteller's Daughter by Cameron Dokey is also loosely derived from The Nights. Cameron Dokey (born 1956 is an American author She lives in Seattle Washington with her four cats and her husband

• The Nights has also inspired poetry in English. Two examples are Alfred Tennyson's poem, "Recollections of the Arabian Nights" (1830) and William Wordsworth's "The Prelude" (1805). Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets The Prelude is an autobiographical "philosophical" Poem in Blank verse by the English poet William Wordsworth.

• The Book of One Thousand and One Nights has an estranged cousin: The Manuscript Found in Saragossa, by Jan Potocki. The Manuscript Found in Saragossa (original French title Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse; also known in English as The Saragossa Manuscript Biography Jan Potocki (pronounced 'Pototski' was born in 1761 into the great Potocki family an old aristocratic family which owned vast estates in Poland A Polish noble of the late 18th century, he traveled the Orient looking for an original edition of The Nights, but never found it. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Orient is a term which simply means the " East " It originated in Western Asia to describe that part of the world Upon returning to Europe, he wrote his masterpiece, a multi-leveled frame tale.

• The book is often referenced in numerous works of Jorge Luis Borges.

• It also greatly influence famed horror and science fiction writer H. P. Lovecraft in his early years as a child in which he would imagine himself living the adventures of the heroes in the book. Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of horror, fantasy It also inspired him to come up with his famed Necronomicon. The Necronomicon is a Fictional book appearing in the stories by horror novelist H

• In his criticism of mainstream cinema in "Metaphors on Vision," avant-garde filmmaker Stan Brakhage metaphorically compares Hollywood studio film making to Scheherazade's tales, calling it the, ". Stan Brakhage ( January 14, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American non-narrative Filmmaker . . heroine of a thousand and one nights (Scheherazade must surely be the muse of this art). . . "

• In 2005 playwright Jason Grote used the literary device of "One Thousand and One Arabian Nights" to create 1001, combining the traditional Scheherazade story with literary and pop culture allusions ranging from Flaubert in Egypt, Jorge Luis Borges, Hitchcock's Vertigo, and Michael Jackson's Thriller. Vertigo ( is a Psychological thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring James Stewart and Kim Novak and featuring Barbara Michael Jackson's Thriller is a 13-minute Music video for the song of the same name released on December 2 1983 and directed by John Landis The main characters alternate between playing Scheherazade and Shahriyar and the Palestinian Dahna and the Jewish Alan, who are college students in love in modern New York. The play was premiered in Denver in 2006 and opened in New York City in October of 2007 to strong reviews.
• In 2005 novelist Joseph Covino Jr adapted tales from the classical 1001 Nights in two parts of an intended trilogy titled "Arabian Nights Lost: Celestial Verses 1&II. "[1], [2]

Film and television

Mili Avital as Scheherazade and Dougray Scott as Shahryar, in the ABC/BBC Miniseries Arabian Nights. Mili Avital (מילי אביטל (born 30 March, 1972) is an Israeli Actress. Scheherazade (ʃəˌhɛrəˈzɑːd -ˈzɑːdə sometimes Scheherazadea, Persian transliteration Shahrazad or Shahrzād (شهرزاد Šahrzād Dougray Scott (born 25 November 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor This is a list of characters within the Medieval collection of Middle Eastern Folk tales One Thousand and One Nights. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. This is about the TV series for alternate uses see Arabian Nights (disambiguation Arabian Nights is a three-hour two-part

There have been many adaptations of The Nights for both television and cinema.

The atmosphere of The Nights influenced such films as Fritz Lang's 1921 Der müde Tod, the 1924 Hollywood film The Thief of Bagdad starring Douglas Fairbanks, and its 1940 British remake. Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang ( December 5, 1890 &ndash August 2, 1976) was an Austrian German - American Events Entertainment entrepreneur Marcus Loew gained control of Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures Corporation and Louis B The Thief of Bagdad is a 1924 Douglas Fairbanks swashbuckler Adventure film which tells the story of a thief who falls in love with the daughter Douglas Fairbanks ( May 23 1883 – December 12 1939) was an American Actor, Screenwriter, director The year 1940 in film involved some significant events Events February 7 - Walt Disney 's animated Film The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Thief of Bagdad is a British 1940 fantasy film directed by Ludwig Berger, Michael Powell and Tim Whelan, with uncredited contributions by Several stories served as source material for The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926), the oldest surviving feature-length animated film. The Adventures of Prince Achmed (Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed (مغامرات الامير احمد is a 1926 feature-length animated film by the

One of Hollywood's first feature films to be based on The Nights was in 1942, with the movie called Arabian Nights. The year 1942 in film involved some significant events in particular the release of a film consistently rated as one of the greatest films of all time It starred Maria Montez as Scheherazade, Sabu Dastagir as Ali Ben Ali and Jon Hall as Harun al-Rashid. María Montez ( June 6, 1912 - September 7, 1951) was a Dominican -born Motion picture actress who gained fame and popularity Sabu Dastagir ( January 27, 1924 &ndash December 2, 1963) was a Film Actor of Indian South Asian origin—although Jon Hall ( February 23, 1915 &ndash December 13, 1979) was an American Film Actor. The storyline bears virtually no resemblance to the traditional version of the book. In the film, Scheherazade is a dancer who attempts to overthrow Caliph Harun al-Rashid and marry his brother. After Scheherazade’s initial coup attempt fails and she is sold into slavery, many adventures then ensue. Maria Montez and Jon Hall also starred in the 1944 film Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. The year 1944 in film involved some significant events Events July 20 - Since You Went Away is released Ali Baba ( Arabic, Persian: علي بابا is a Fictional character based in Ancient Arabia.

In 1959 UPA released an animated feature about Mr. Magoo, based on 1001 Arabian Nights.

Osamu Tezuka worked on two (very loose) feature film adaptations, the children's film Sinbad no Bōken in 1962 and then Senya Ichiya Monogatari in 1969, an adult-oriented animated feature film. was a Japanese manga artist, Animator, producer and Medical doctor, although he never practiced medicine Adult animation is animation that is targeted at Adults For western audiences the primary reason for a program to be described as "adult animation" is adult humor

The most commercially successful movie based on The Nights was Aladdin, the 1992 animated movie by the Walt Disney Company, which starred the voices of Scott Weinger and Robin Williams. Aladdin is a 1992 animated feature produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and released by Walt Disney Pictures on November 25 The year 1992 in film involved many significant films (For more about films in foreign languages check sources in those languages The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames Scott Eric Weinger (born October 5 1975) is an American Actor and Screenwriter best known as the speaking voice of Aladdin Robin McLaurim Williams (born July 21 1951 or 1952 is an American television stage and film actor and Comedian who has won an Academy Award for his performance The film led to several sequels and a television series of the same name. Aladdin is an Animated television series made by Walt Disney Television which aired from 1994 to 1996 based on the original 1992 feature.

"The Voyages of Sinbad" has been adapted for television and film several times, most recently in the 2003 animated feature Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas, featuring the voices of Brad Pitt and Catherine Zeta-Jones. The year 2003 in film involved some significant events Releases of sequels took place with movies like 2 Fast 2 Furious, The Lord of the Rings The Return Sinbad Legend of the Seven Seas is a 2003 Animated film produced by DreamWorks SKG with voices of characters from Brad Pitt, William Bradley "Brad" Pitt Pitt received a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for his role in the 1995 film Twelve Monkeys Catherine Zeta-Jones ( "zeeta" born September 25, 1969) is a Welsh actress, presently based in the United States Perhaps the most famous Sinbad film was the 1958 movie The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad, produced by the stop-motion animation pioneer Ray Harryhausen. The year 1958 in film involved some significant events Events February 16- " In the Money " by William The 7th Voyage of Sinbad is a 1958 Technicolor Fantasy film released by Columbia Pictures directed by Nathan H Stop motion (or frame-by-frame) animation is an Animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own Ray Harryhausen (born Raymond Frederick Harryhausen on June 29, 1920 in Los Angeles California) is an Academy Award -winning

A recent well-received television adaptation was the Emmy award-winning miniseries Arabian Nights, directed by Steve Barron and starring Mili Avital as Scheherazade and Dougray Scott as Shahryar. A miniseries (also mini-series) in a serial Storytelling medium is a production which tells a story in a pre-planned limited number of episodes This is about the TV series for alternate uses see Arabian Nights (disambiguation Arabian Nights is a three-hour two-part Steve Barron (born May 4, 1956) is a director and producer, best known for directing the films Coneheads (1993 Mili Avital (מילי אביטל (born 30 March, 1972) is an Israeli Actress. Dougray Scott (born 25 November 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor It was originally shown over two nights on April 30, and May 1, 2000 on ABC in the United States and BBC One in the United Kingdom. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. The year 2000 in television involved some significant eventsBelow is a list of Television -related events in 2000. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Other notable versions of The Nights include the famous 1974 Italian movie Il fiore delle mille e una notte by Pier Paolo Pasolini and the 1990 French movie Les 1001 nuits, in which Catherine Zeta-Jones made her debut playing Scheherazade. The year 1974 in film involved some significant events Events February 7 - Blazing Saddles is released Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Arabian Nights is a 1974 Italian film directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini. Pier Paolo Pasolini ( March 5, 1922 – November 2, 1975) was an Italian Poet, Intellectual, Film director The year 1990 in film involved some significant events Events CGI technique is expanded with motion capture for French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Catherine Zeta-Jones ( "zeeta" born September 25, 1969) is a Welsh actress, presently based in the United States There are also numerous Bollywood movies inspired by the book, including Aladdin and Sinbad. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India In this version the two heroes meet and share in each other's adventures; the djinn of the lamp is female, and Aladdin marries her rather than the princess.

Music

• In 1888, Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov completed his Op. Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov ( Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov) also Nikolay 35 Scheherazade, in four movements, based upon four of the tales from The Nights: "The Sea and Sinbad's Ship," "The Kalendar Prince," "The Young Prince and The Young Princess," and "Festival at Baghdad. Scheherazade ( Шехерезада in Cyrillic, Šekherezada in transliteration Op A movement is a self-contained part of a Musical composition or Musical form. "

• There have been several Arabian Nights musicals and operettas, either based on particular tales or drawing on the general atmosphere of the book. Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. Operetta is a genre of light Opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter Most notable are Chu Chin Chow (1916) and Kismet (1953), not to mention several musicals and innumerable pantomimes on the story of "Aladdin. Chu Chin Chow is a musical comedy written produced and directed by Oscar Asche, with music by Frederic Norton, based (with minor embelishments Kismet is a musical written in 1953 by Robert Wright and George Forrest, adapted from the music of Alexander Borodin, and "

• 1990 saw the premiere of La Noche de las Noches, a work for string quartet and electronics by Ezequiel Viñao (based on a reading from Burton's "Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night")^[10]

• In 1975, the band Renaissance released an album called Scheherazade and Other Stories. Ezequiel Viñao (born July 21, 1960 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine - American composer Renaissance were an English Progressive rock band most notable for their 1978 UK top 10 hit "Northern Lights" The second half of this album consists entirely of the "Song of Scheherazade," an orchestral-rock composition based on the The Nights.

• In 1999, power metal band Kamelot included a song on their album The Fourth Legacy called "Nights of Arabia". Power metal is a style of Heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional metal with Thrash metal or Speed metal, often within Kamelot is an American Power metal band from Tampa, Florida. They incorporate many elements of symphonic and Progressive The Fourth Legacy is the fourth full-length Album by metal band Kamelot.

• In 2003, Nordic experimental indie pop group When released an album called Pearl Harvest with lyrics from The Nights. "Twee" redirects here For a definition of the word see its entry at wiktionary. When is the musical project of Norwegian artist Lars Pedersen

• In 2007, Japanese pop duo BENNIE K released a single titled "1001 Nights," also releasing a music video strongly based around the The Nights. Bennie K is a J-Urban female duo that consists of rapper CICO and vocalist YUKI, who both love American Hip-hop music

• In 2007, the Finnish Symphonic Metal band Nightwish wrote a song "Sahara" on their album Dark Passion Play which relates to the 1001 nights stories. ^[11]

• 2008 saw the birth of Australian metalcore band, Ebony Horse, named after the tale "The Ebony Horse. Metalcore is an umbrella term used to describe fusion genres that incorporate elements of the Hardcore punk and heavy metal genres "

See also: List of stories within The Book of One Thousand and One Nights

Games

• The setting of the 1990 EGA PC adventure game Quest for Glory II: Trial by Fire is based on The Nights. This article provides a list of stories within Richard Francis Burton 's translation of One Thousand and One Nights. Quest for Glory II Trial by Fire is a Video game and the sequel to Hero's Quest So You Want to Be a Hero (following the series being renamed

• The Nights is the basis for the story of the video game Sonic and the Secret Rings. previously known by the working title Sonic Wild Fire, is a Video game developed by Sonic Team within the ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' series In the story, Sonic the Hedgehog is pulled in to the story by Shahra The Ring Genie in order to save the Arabian Nights which is being erased by the main villain Erazor Djinn. trademarked Sonic The Hedgehog, is a Video game character and the Protagonist of the video game series released by Sega, as well as in numerous Djinn was once the "Genie of the Lamp" from the story "Aladdin," who was also responsible for turning King Solomon into a skeleton. Aladdin (an Anglicisation of the Arabic name (originally Syrian Alāʼ ad-Dīn, Arabic: علاء الدين literally "nobility of the faith" King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace" Other recurring Sonic characters turn up as characters from the Nights, such as Tails as Ali Baba, Knuckles as Sinbad, and Doctor Eggman as King Shahryār. better known by his alias, is a character in the ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' series of Video games comics, and animated series released Ali Baba ( Arabic, Persian: علي بابا is a Fictional character based in Ancient Arabia. link title is a video game character and a protagonist of the Sonic The Hedgehog game series also known by his alias, is a video game character and main Antagonist of the Sonic the Hedgehog series This is a list of characters within the Medieval collection of Middle Eastern Folk tales One Thousand and One Nights.

• The first expansion set for Magic: The Gathering was "Arabian Nights," containing cards based on and inspired by One Thousand and One Nights. This article is somewhat over-complete Please do not add significant new content without first discussing it on the talk page Arabian Nights was the fourth Magic The Gathering set and the first expert level expansion set featuring completely new cards This included a card called "Shahrazad" which required the two players to play a separate game within the current game.

• Jordan Mechner stated that The Nights was an inspiration of his popular Prince of Persia series. Jordan Mechner (born 1964 is a Game programmer, Game designer, Screenwriter and Movie director. Prince of Persia is an action-adventure Video game series created by Jordan Mechner.

• The Magic of Scheherazade takes its title from the female protagonist. The Magic of Scheherazade is a game for the Nintendo Entertainment System, released by Culture Brain in 1989.

• 1,001 Nights, a storytelling game by Meguey Baker, puts the players in the roles of courtiers in the Sultan's palace who are forbidden to leave for various reasons. Meguey Baker is a Roleplaying game designer and independent publisher To pass the time, they take turns telling stories and casting each other as various characters in the tales as they attempt to earn enough favor in the court to win their freedom.

Notes

See also

• List of stories from The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (according to the Richard Francis Burton translation). This article provides a list of stories within Richard Francis Burton 's translation of One Thousand and One Nights. Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton KCMG FRGS (19 March 1821 &ndash 20 October 1890 was an English Explorer, Translator, writer
• List of characters from The Book of One Thousand and One Nights

External links

References

• Encyclopedia Iranica, "ALF LAYLA WA LAYLA (One thousand nights and one night) Ch. Pellat
• Encyclopedia Iranica, "HAZARAFSANA"(A Thousand Stories)
• The Thousand Nights and a Night in several classic translations, including unexpurgated version by Sir Richard Francis Burton, and John Payne translation, with additional material. This is a list of characters within the Medieval collection of Middle Eastern Folk tales One Thousand and One Nights.
• Stories From One Thousand and One Nights, (Lane and Poole translation): Project Bartleby edition
• The Arabian Nights (includes illustrated Lang and (expurgated) Burton translations), presented by the Electronic Literature Foundation
• Jonathan Scott translation of Arabian Nights
• Notes on the influences and context of the Thousand and One Nights
• The Book of the Thousand and One Nights by John Crocker
• (expurgated) Sir Richard Burton's 1885 translation, annotated for English study.
• The Arabian Nights by Andrew Lang, available at Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
• "The Thousand-And-Second Tale of Scheherazade" by Edgar Allan Poe (Wikisource)
• Arabian Nights Six full-color plates of illustrations from the 1001 Nights which are in the public domain
• DFDS Seaways Themed Arabian Nights Short Breaks

• (Arabic) The Tales in Arabic on Wikisource

Film and television links

• Arabian Nights (1942) IMDb
• Il Fiore delle mille e una notte (1974) IMDb
• Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas Official website

Book Links

• [3]

Game Links

• Night Sky Games publisher of 1,001 Nights by Meguey Baker

Nights filmography: 1907-2000