| Ohio River (Oyo) | |
| River | |
 The widest point on the Ohio River is just west of downtown Louisville, where it is one mile wide | |
| Country | United States |
|---|---|
| States | Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois |
| Tributaries | |
| - left | Kanawha River, Big Sandy River, Kentucky River, Cumberland River, Tennessee River |
| - right | Beaver River, Muskingum River, Scioto River, Great Miami River, Wabash River |
| Cities | Pittsburgh, PA, Cincinnati, OH, Louisville, KY, Evansville, IN |
| Source | Allegheny River |
| - location | Allegany Township, Pennsylvania |
| - elevation | 2,240 ft (683 m) |
| - coordinates | |
| Secondary source | Monongahela River |
| - location | Fairmont, West Virginia |
| - elevation | 880 ft (268 m) |
| - coordinates | |
| Source confluence | |
| - location | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| - elevation | 730 ft (223 m) |
| - coordinates | |
| Mouth | Mississippi River |
| - location | Cairo, Illinois |
| - elevation | 290 ft (88 m) |
| - coordinates | |
| Length | 981 mi (1,579 km) |
| Basin | 189,422 sq mi (490,601 km²) |
| Discharge | for Cairo, IL |
| - average | 281,000 cu ft/s (7,957 m³/s) |
 Ohio River basin | |
The Ohio River is the largest tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Louisville and Portland Canal was a canal bypassing the Falls of the Ohio in the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to It is approximately 981 miles (1,579 km) long and is located in the eastern United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The river had great significance in the history of the Native Americans. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States It was a primary transportation route during the westward expansion of the early U. S. It flows through or along the border of six states, and its drainage basin encompasses 14 states, including many of the states of the southeastern U.S. through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River. During the nineteenth century, it was the southern boundary of the Northwest Territory, thus serving as the border between free and slave territory. For the Canadian territory see Northwest Territories. For the northwestern corner of the Lower 48 see Northwestern United States. Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia in 1607 and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth It is sometimes referred to as the "Mason-Dixon line" as it is commonly acknowledged as the western natural extension of the original Mason-Dixon line that divided Pennsylvania and Delaware from Maryland and West Virginia (and at one time part of Virginia) thus being the unofficial, and at times disputed, border between the Northern United States and the American South or upland South. The Mason–Dixon Line (or "Mason and Dixon's Line" is a Demarcation line between four U The Northern United States is a large geographic region of the United States of America. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive The terms Upper South and Upland South refer to the northern part of the Southern United States, in contrast to the Lower South or Deep South. The Ohio River is a climatic transition area as its water runs along the periphery of the humid subtropical climate and humid continental climate thereby being inhabited by fauna and flora of both climates. Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between
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Geography and hydrography
The river is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Allegheny River is a principal Tributary of the Ohio River and is located in the Eastern United States. The Monongahela River (məˌnɒŋɡəˈheɪlə also known locally as the Mon /ˈmɒn/ is a River on the Allegheny Plateau in North-Central Point State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on in Downtown Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA at the confluence From Pittsburgh, it flows northwest through Allegheny and Beaver Counties, before making an abrupt turn to the south-southwest at the West Virginia—Ohio—Pennsylvania triple state line (near East Liverpool, Ohio, Chester, West Virginia, and Midland, Pennsylvania), from which point it forms the border between West Virginia and Ohio, upstream of Wheeling, West Virginia. Allegheny County is a County in the southwestern part of the U Beaver County is a County located in the US state of Pennsylvania. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern East Liverpool is a city in Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. Chester is a city in Hancock County, West Virginia along the Ohio River. Midland is a Borough located along the Ohio River in Beaver County Pennsylvania, in the United States. Wheeling is a city in West Virginia, in the United States. Most of the city is in Ohio County, with a small
The river then follows a roughly southwest and then west-northwest course before bending to a west-southwest course for most of its length. It flows along the borders of West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, until it joins the Mississippi near the city of Cairo, Illinois. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to Cairo is a city in Alexander County, Illinois in the United States.
Major tributaries of the river, indicated by the location of their mouth, include:
- Allegheny River — Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Monongahela River — Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Chartiers Creek - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Beaver River — Rochester, Pennsylvania
- Wheeling Creek — Wheeling, West Virginia
- Little Muskingum River — Ohio
- Duck Creek — Ohio
- Muskingum River — Marietta, Ohio
- Little Kanawha River — Parkersburg, West Virginia
- Hocking River — Hockingport, Ohio
- Kanawha River — Point Pleasant, West Virginia
- Guyandotte River — Huntington, West Virginia
- Big Sandy River — Kentucky-West Virginia border
- Little Sandy River - Greenup, Kentucky
- Scioto River — Portsmouth, Ohio
- Little Miami River — Cincinnati, Ohio
- Licking River — Newport-Covington, Kentucky
- Great Miami River — Ohio-Indiana border
- Salt River — West Point, Kentucky
- Kentucky River — Carrollton, Kentucky
- Green River — Kentucky
- Wabash River — Indiana-Illinois border
- Saline River — Illinois
- Cumberland River — Kentucky
- Tennessee River — Paducah, Kentucky
- Cache River — Illinois
Drainage basin
The Ohio's drainage basin covers 189,422 square miles (490,603 km²), including the eastern-most regions of the Mississippi Basin. The Allegheny River is a principal Tributary of the Ohio River and is located in the Eastern United States. The Monongahela River (məˌnɒŋɡəˈheɪlə also known locally as the Mon /ˈmɒn/ is a River on the Allegheny Plateau in North-Central Chartiers Creek is a Tributary of the Ohio River in western Pennsylvania in the United States. Rochester is a borough in Beaver County Pennsylvania, 25 miles (40 km northwest of Pittsburgh and is part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area. Wheeling Creek is a Tributary of the Ohio River, 25 miles (40 km long in the Northern Panhandle Wheeling is a city in West Virginia, in the United States. Most of the city is in Ohio County, with a small The Little Muskingum River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 65 mi (105 km long in southeast Ohio in the United States. Duck Creek is a Tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 30 mi (50 km long in southeastern Ohio in the United States. The Muskingum River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 111 miles (179 km long in southeastern Ohio in the United States. Marietta is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Washington County. The Little The Hocking River is a Tributary of the Ohio River in southeastern Ohio in the United States. Hockingport is an unincorporated community in southeastern Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio, United States. The Kanawha River (pronounced ka-NAW-ah or kuh-NAW and earlier kuh-NOIE) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 97 mi (156 km Point Pleasant is a city in Mason County, West Virginia, United States, at the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers The Guyandotte River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 166 mi (267 km long in southwestern West Virginia in the United States. Huntington is a city located in the State of West Virginia along the Ohio River. The Big Sandy River is a Tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 28 Greenup is a city in Greenup County, Kentucky, at the confluence of the Ohio and Little Sandy Rivers The Scioto River (saɪˈoʊtoʊ sigh-OH-toe or /saɪˈoʊtə/ sigh-OH-tuh) is a river in central and southern Ohio more than 231 miles (372 km in Portsmouth is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Scioto County. The Little Miami River (also called the Little Miami Scenic River) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 106 mi (170 km The Licking River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 320 mi (515 km long in northeastern Kentucky in the United States. Newport is a city in Campbell County, Kentucky, United States, at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking Rivers Covington is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States. The Great Miami River (also called the Miami River) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately The Salt River is a long river in Kentucky that drains 2920 square miles West Point is a city in Hardin County, Kentucky, United States, near the edge of Fort Knox military reservation on Dixie Highway. The Kentucky River is a tributary of the Ohio River, 259 mi (417 km long in the U Carrollton is a city in Carroll County, Kentucky, United States, at the confluence of the Ohio and Kentucky Rivers The Green River is a tributary of the Ohio River that rises in Lincoln County in south-central Kentucky. The Wabash River is a long River in the eastern United States that flows southwest from northwest Ohio near St Saline River may refer to several Rivers in the United States: The Saline River (Little River in southwestern Arkansas a tributary of the The Cumberland River is an important waterway in the Southern United States. The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River. Paducah is the largest city in Kentucky 's Jackson Purchase Region and the County seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States Cache River is located in southernmost Illinois, in a region sometimes called Little Egypt. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to States drained by the Ohio include:
- Illinois (the southeast quarter of the state),
- Indiana (all but the northern area of the state),
- Ohio (the southern half of the state),
- New York (a small area of the southern border along the headwaters of the Allegheny River),
- Pennsylvania (a corridor from the southwestern corner to north central border),
- Maryland (a small corridor along the Youghiogheny River on the state's western border),
- West Virginia (all but the eastern panhandle of the state),
- Kentucky (all but a small part in the extreme west of the state drained directly by the Mississippi River),
- Tennessee (all but a small part in the extreme west of the state drained directly by the Mississippi River and a small area in the southeastern corner of the state which is drained by the Conasauga River),
- Virginia (most of Southwest Virginia),
- North Carolina (the western quarter of the state),
- Georgia (the northwest corner of the state),
- Alabama (the northern portion of the state), and
- Mississippi (the northeast corner of the state). The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The Allegheny River is a principal Tributary of the Ohio River and is located in the Eastern United States. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The Youghiogheny River, or the Yough River for short is a Tributary of the Monongahela River, approximately 122 mi (195 km A former pioneer fort at West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by The Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia is a narrow stretch of territory in the northeast of the state bordering Maryland and Virginia, United States The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The Jackson Purchase is a region in the state of Kentucky bounded by the Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. West Tennessee is one of the three Grand Divisions in the US state of Tennessee. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The Conasauga River is a River that runs through Southeast Tennessee and Northwest Georgia. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Southwest Virginia, often abbreviated as SWVA, is a mountainous region of Virginia in the westernmost part of the commonwealth. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. North Alabama is a region of the US state of Alabama, generally considered to include 12 counties: Cherokee, Colbert, Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States
Geology
The Ohio River is young from a geologic standpoint. The river formed on a piecemeal basis beginning between 2. 5 and 3 million years ago. The earliest Ice Ages occurred at this time and dammed portions of north flowing rivers. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets The Teays River was the largest of these rivers, and the modern Ohio River flows within segments of the ancient Teays. The Teays River (teɪz taze was an important preglacial river that drained much of the area now drained by the Ohio River, and more The ancient rivers were rearranged or consumed by glaciers and lakes.
Upper Ohio River
The upper Ohio River formed when one of the glacial lakes overflowed into a south flowing tributary of the Teays River. The Teays River (teɪz taze was an important preglacial river that drained much of the area now drained by the Ohio River, and more Prior to that event, the north flowing Steubenville River (no longer in existence) ended between New Martinsville and Paden City, West Virginia. New Martinsville is a city in Wetzel County, West Virginia, United States. Paden City is a city in Tyler and Wetzel Counties in the US state of West Virginia, along the Ohio River. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Likewise, the south flowing Marietta River (no longer in existence) ended between the cities. The overflowing lake carved through the separating hill and connected the rivers. The resulting floodwaters enlarged the small Marietta valley to a size more typical of a large river. Marietta is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Washington County. The new large river subsequently drained glacial lakes and melting glaciers at the end of several Ice Ages. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets The valley grew with each major Ice Age. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets
Many small rivers were altered or abandoned after the upper Ohio River formed. Valleys of some abandoned rivers can still be seen on satellite and aerial images of the hills of Ohio and West Virginia between Marietta, Ohio, and Huntington, West Virginia. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Marietta is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Washington County. Huntington is a city located in the State of West Virginia along the Ohio River. As testimony to the major changes that occurred, the valleys are actually found on hilltops.
Middle Ohio River
The middle Ohio River formed in a manner similar to formation of the upper Ohio River. A north-flowing river was temporarily dammed southwest of present-day Louisville, Kentucky, creating a large lake until the dam burst. A new route was carved to the Mississippi River, and eventually the upper and middle sections combined to form what is essentially the modern Ohio River. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to
History
Since it was considered by pre-Columbian inhabitants of eastern North America to be part of a single river continuing on through the lower Mississippi, it is perhaps an understatement to characterize the Ohio as a mere tributary of the Mississippi. The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences The river is 981 miles (1,579 km) long and carries the largest volume of water of any tributary of the Mississippi. The Indians and early explorers and settlers of the region often considered the Allegheny to be part of the Ohio, and the forks (the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at what is now Pittsburgh) was considered a strategic military location. Point State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on in Downtown Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA at the confluence
On May 19, 1749, King George II of Great Britain granted the Ohio Company a charter of land around the forks. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1749 ( MDCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a George II (George Augustus 10 November 1683 &ndash 25 October 1760 was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( The Ohio Company, formally known as the Ohio Company of Virginia, was a land speculation company organized for the colonization of the Ohio Country. Exploration of the territory and trade with the Indians in the region near the Forks by British colonials from both Pennsylvania and Virginia—both of whom claimed the territory—led to conflict with French forces that also claimed the region and had built forts along the Allegheny River. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This directly led to the French and Indian War in North America. The French and Indian War was part of a more global conflict --perhaps the world's first truly global conflict --the Seven Years' War between England and France. The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths After several initial defeats, the British eventually gained sovereignty over the Ohio Valley.
In 1774, the Quebec Act restored the land east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River to Quebec, appeasing the French-speaking British subjects, but angering the 13 Colonies. The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 14 Geo They listed it as one of the Intolerable Acts, which precipitated the American Revolution. The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts are names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots"
Louisville, Kentucky was founded at the only major natural navigational barrier on the river, the Falls of the Ohio. The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States, The Falls were a series of rapids where the river dropped 26 feet (7. 9 m) in a stretch of about 2 miles (3. 2 km). In this area the river flowed over hard, fossil-rich beds of limestone. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 The first locks on the river were built at Louisville to circumnavigate the falls. A lock is a device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal Waterways. Today it is the site of McAlpine Locks and Dam. The McAlpine Locks and Dam refers to the series of locks and the Hydroelectric dam in Louisville Kentucky at the Falls of the Ohio.
Because the Ohio River flowed westwardly, it became the convenient means of westward movement by pioneers traveling from western Pennsylvania. After reaching the mouth of the Ohio, settlers would travel north on the Mississippi River to St. Louis, Missouri. There, some continued on up the Missouri River, some up the Mississippi, and some further west over land routes. In the early 19th century, pirates, such as Samuel Mason, settled at Cave-In-Rock, Illinois, waylaid travelers on their way down the river, killed them, stole their goods, and scuttled their boats. Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering Samuel Mason (born 1739 in Norfolk, Virginia -died 1803 was the leader of a gang of river pirates in Kentucky in the late 18th century Cave-In-Rock is a village in Hardin County, Illinois, United States. The folktales of Mike Fink recall the keelboats used for commerce in the early days of European settlement. Mike Fink (b1770/1780?? – ca1823 called "king of the keelboaters" was a semi-legendary brawler and river-boatman who exemplified the tough and hard-drinking men who Keelboat has two distinct meanings related to two different types of Boat. In 1843 the Ohio river boatmen were the inspiration for Dan Emmett's The Boatman's Dance. Daniel Decatur "Dan" Emmett ( October 29, 1815 &ndash June 28, 1904) was an American songwriter and entertainer founder The Boatman's Dance is a minstrel song credited to Dan Emmett in 1843 and arranged by Aaron Copland as part of his set of Old American Songs.
Other boats traveled south on the Mississippi to New Orleans and sometimes beyond to the Gulf of Mexico and other ports in the Americas and Europe. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world This provided a much needed route for goods from the west, since the trek east over the Appalachian Mountains was long and arduous. The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. The need for access to the port of New Orleans by settlers in the Ohio Valley led to the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. For the film see Louisiana Purchase (film. The Louisiana Purchase (French Vente de la Louisiane "Louisiana Sale"
Because it is the Southern border of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, the Ohio River was a part of the border that divided free states and slave states in the years before the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The expression "sold down the river" originated as a lament of Kentucky slaves being split apart from their families and sold in Louisville and other Kentucky locations to be shipped via the Ohio River down to New Orleans to be sold yet again to owners of cotton and sugar field plantations. Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia in 1607 and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth [1][2] Before and during the Civil War, the Ohio River was called the "River Jordan" by slaves escaping to freedom in the North via the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and Safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States [3] As depicted in several novels by Harriet Beecher Stowe and Toni Morrison. Harriet Beecher Stowe (June 14 1811 – July 1 1896 was an American Author and Abolitionist, whose Novel Uncle Tom's Cabin Toni Morrison (born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18 1931 is a Nobel Prize -winning American author editor and professor More routes, and more escaping slaves made their perilous journey north to freedom across the Ohio River, than anywhere else across the north-south frontier. In 1831, in the Ohio River town of Ripley, Ohio, an irate slave catcher, in hot pursuit, coined the term, 'Underground Railroad,' when his quarry apparently just vanished' in one. Ripley was a hotbed of abolitionist activity. Runaway slaves were generally welcomed there. And free-to-operate-in-the-north Slave Catchers also worked openly in Ripley. In Ripley, Eliza was the true life character, of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel. Eliza and her baby, crossed the Ohio one winter night, slipping, and cutting her feet as she leaped from one ice floe to the next. Farther down the river, near Grandview, Indiana, slave Josiah Henson started his daring escape toward freedom with his entire family. Today, the Ohio River generally separates Midwestern Great Lakes states from Southern border states. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive
The charter for Virginia went not to the middle of the Ohio River but to its far shore, so that the entire river was included in the lands owned by Virginia. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Therefore, where the river serves as a boundary between states, the entire river belongs to the states on the east and then the south, i. e. , West Virginia and Kentucky, that were divided from Virginia. It is for that reason that Wheeling Island, the largest inhabited island in the Ohio River, belongs to West Virginia, even though it is much closer to the Ohio shore than to the West Virginia shore. Wheeling Island is the largest inhabited Island in the Ohio River. Kentucky brought suit against Indiana in the early 1980s because of the building of the Marble Hill nuclear power plant in Indiana, which would have discharged its waste water into the river. Nuclear power is any Nuclear technology designed to extract usable Energy from atomic nuclei via controlled Nuclear reactions The U.S. Supreme Court held that Kentucky's jurisdiction (and, implicitly, that of West Virginia) extended only to the low water mark of 1793 (important because the river has been extensively dammed for navigation, so that the present river bank is north of the old low water mark. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. ) Similarly in the 1990s, Kentucky disputed Illinois' right to collect taxes on a riverboat casino docked in Metropolis, citing their control of the entire river. Metropolis is a city located along the Ohio River in Massac County Illinois, in the United States. Aztar opened their own casino riverboat that docked in Evansville, Indiana at about the same time. Although cruises on the Ohio river were at first done in an oval pattern up and down the Ohio, the state of Kentucky soon protested and cruises were limited to going forwards then reversing and going backwards on the Indiana shore only.
In the early 1980s, the Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area was established at Clarksville, Indiana. The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area is a national bi-state area on the Ohio River near Louisville Kentucky in the United States, In 2006, Cincinnati, Ohio, Indie Rock band Nevada Smith published a bootleg version of their song "Il Fiume Fluisce Colore Maronne", a humorous protest song against the pollution in the Ohio. Indie rock is genre of Alternative rock that primarily exists in the independent Underground music scene Nevada Smith is a 1966 Western film made by Embassy Pictures and Solar Productions in association with and released by Paramount Pictures In 1993, Louisville band Love Jones released a song about recreational life on the Ohio River called "Ohio River". Love Jones is an American band formed in Louisville Kentucky in spring 1990 by Ben Daughtrey (drummer and Barry Thomas (bassist with Chris Hawpe (singer/guitarist
River depth
While the Ohio River is quite deep, it is a naturally shallow river that was artificially deepened by series of dams. The dams raise the water level in shallow stretches, allowing for commercial navigation. Near its origin at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, the Ohio remains fairly shallow, never rising above around 30 feet (9 m) deep all the way past Cincinnati. From its origin to Cincinnati, the average depth is approximately 27 feet (8 m). However, once past Cincinnati, the river deepens substantially. Due to the damming, along with glacier formations and migrations in the latter part of the second Ice Age, the river's depth increases nearly fivefold over about 100 miles (161 km), coming to a maximum depth of 168 feet (51 m) just west of Louisville, Kentucky. The 50 miles (80 km) around Louisville represent the deepest area of the river with an average depth of approximately 132 feet (40 m), allowing for much larger vessels to traverse the river. From Louisville, the river loses its depth very gradually until its confluence with the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois, where it has an approximate depth of 20 feet (6 m), because it is more free flowing. The natural depth of the river varies from about 3 feet to 40 feet.
Water levels for the Ohio River are predicted daily by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the The water depth predictions are relative to each local flood plain based upon predicted rainfall in the Ohio River basin in five reports as follows:
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Hannibal Dam, Ohio (including the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers) (click to see report)
- Willow Island Dam, Ohio, to Greenup Dam, Kentucky (including the Kanawha River) (click to see report)
- Portsmouth, Ohio, to Markland Dam, Kentucky (click to see report)
- McAlpine Dam, Kentucky, to Cannelton Dam, Indiana (click to see report)
- Newburgh Dam, Indiana, to Golconda, Illinois (click to see report)[4]
Cities and towns
| Metro Area | Population |
|---|---|
| Pittsburgh | 2. Golconda is a town in Pope County, Illinois, along the Ohio River. The Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area (also called Greater Pittsburgh) as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of seven counties 4 million |
| Cincinnati | 2. The Cincinnati / Northern Kentucky metropolitan area is a Metropolitan area that includes 15 counties in the U 0 million |
| Louisville | 1. The Louisville-Jefferson County KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, commonly called the Louisville metropolitan 2 million |
| Evansville | 350,000 |
| Huntington | 290,000 |
Cities along the Ohio include:
Recreation
The world record for the largest blue catfish 104 pounds (47. The Huntington - Ashland metropolitan area is a United States metropolitan area that includes 5 counties in West Virginia This is a list of cities towns and communities along the Ohio River in the United States. Monaca (pronounced mih-NAK-uh or muh-NAK-uh IPA or) is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States along the Ohio River, 25 Beaver is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, at the confluence of the Beaver and Ohio Rivers Rochester is a borough in Beaver County Pennsylvania, 25 miles (40 km northwest of Pittsburgh and is part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area. Shippingport is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, along the Ohio River. Aliquippa is a city in Beaver County Pennsylvania, and is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area Sewickley is a Borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 12 miles west northwest of Pittsburgh along the Ohio River. McKees Rocks, also known as "The Rocks" is a Borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, along the west bank of the Ohio River, adjoining Coraopolis is a borough in Allegheny County in the US state of Pennsylvania. East Liverpool is a city in Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. Steubenville is a city located along the Ohio River in Jefferson County, Ohio, in the United States. Marietta is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Washington County. Belpre is a city in Washington County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. Pomeroy is a village in Meigs County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. Gallipolis is a chartered village in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Gallia County. Ironton is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Lawrence County. Portsmouth is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Scioto County. Manchester is a village in Adams County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. Aberdeen is a village in Brown County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. Ripley is a village in Brown County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River 50 miles southeast of Cincinnati. Weirton is a city located in the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia. Wheeling is a city in West Virginia, in the United States. Most of the city is in Ohio County, with a small Moundsville is a city in Marshall County, West Virginia, along the Ohio River. New Martinsville is a city in Wetzel County, West Virginia, United States. Paden City is a city in Tyler and Wetzel Counties in the US state of West Virginia, along the Ohio River. St Marys is a city in Pleasants County, West Virginia, in the United States. Ravenswood is a city in Jackson County, West Virginia, United States, along the Ohio River. Point Pleasant is a city in Mason County, West Virginia, United States, at the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers Huntington is a city located in the State of West Virginia along the Ohio River. Kenova is a city in Wayne County, West Virginia, at the confluence of the Ohio and Big Sandy Rivers Ashland is a city in Boyd County, Kentucky, United States, nestled along the banks of the Ohio River. Augusta is a city in Bracken County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. Newport is a city in Campbell County, Kentucky, United States, at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking Rivers Maysville is a city in and the County seat of Mason County, Kentucky, United States. Covington is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States. Lewisport is a city in Hancock County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. Ludlow is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 4409 at the 2000 census. Owensboro is the third-largest city in the US state of Kentucky and the County seat of Daviess County. Hawesville is a city in Hancock County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. Henderson is a city in Henderson County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River in the western part of the state Paducah is the largest city in Kentucky 's Jackson Purchase Region and the County seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States Madison is a city in Jefferson County Indiana, United States, along the Ohio River. Jeffersonville (ˈdʒɛfɚsənˌvɪl is a city in Clark County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. Clarksville is a town in Clark County, Indiana, along the Ohio River as apart of the Louisville Metropolitan area. New Albany (nuː ˈɑlbəni is a city in Floyd County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River opposite Louisville Kentucky Tell City is a city in Troy Township, Perry County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. Evansville (ˈɛvənzˌvɪl is the third-largest city in the U Mount Vernon is a city in southern Indiana along the Ohio River and the County seat of Posey County Cairo is a city in Alexander County, Illinois in the United States. Metropolis is a city located along the Ohio River in Massac County Illinois, in the United States. Brookport is a city in Massac County, Illinois, United States. Old Shawneetown is a Village in Gallatin County, Illinois, along the Ohio River. Cave-In-Rock is a village in Hardin County, Illinois, United States. Elizabethtown is a village in Hardin County, Illinois, along the Ohio River. Golconda is a town in Pope County, Illinois, along the Ohio River. A world record is the best performance in a certain discipline usually a Sports event The blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, is one of the largest species of North American Catfish. 2 kilograms) taken in the line class was set on the Ohio River in 1999. The river also holds records for the following species for the state of Kentucky:[5]
- Channel catfish, 32 pounds (14. Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, are North America 's most numerous Catfish species 5 kilograms)
- Longnose gar, 40 pounds (18. The longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus, is a primitive Ray-finned fish of the gar family. 1 kilograms)
- Paddlefish, 106 pounds (48. Paddlefish (family Polyodontidae) are primitive Chondrostian Ray-finned fishes The paddlefish can be distinguished by its large Mouth and its elongated 1 kilograms)
- Silver carp, 9. The silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is a species of Freshwater Cyprinid Fish, a variety of Asian carp native to north and 2 pounds (4. 2 kilograms)
- Skipjack herring, 3. A migratory species the skipjacks shad ( Alosa chrysochloris) is one of the "typical" North American Shads of the Subgenus 1 pounds (1. 4 kilograms)
- Saugeye, 6. 58 pounds (3 kilograms)
References
- ^ KET's Underground Railroad - Behind the Scenes - Guy Mendes
- ^ slavery
- ^ KET's Underground Railroad - Community Research
- ^ River Watch - Ohio River Basin
- ^ Kentucky State Record Fish List. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (2006-04-17). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2007-02-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
See also
- List of crossings of the Ohio River
- List of variant names of the Ohio River
- List of Pennsylvania rivers
- Ohio and Erie Canal
- Ohio River Bridges Project
- Ohio River flood of 1937
- Watersheds of Illinois
- List of islands in West Virginia (including islands on Ohio River)
External links
- U.S. Geological Survey: PA stream gaging stations
- Historic Ohio, the magazine
- Indiana Waterways-Ohio River Guidebook
- Ohio Historical Preservation Group
- Image at the confluence with the Mississippi River
- Watershed information
- Ohio River Forecast Center, which issues official river forecasts for rhe Ohio River and its tributaries
- [1], History-travel guide on the Ohio River
- Mouth or other endpoint (Mississippi River) is at coordinates
- Source (Pittsburgh) is at coordinates
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